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	<title>Volume 4/Book 7/Chapter 3 - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-06T00:02:28Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_7/Chapter_3&amp;diff=409&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Human-ithink at 14:36, 4 March 2014</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_7/Chapter_3&amp;diff=409&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-04T14:36:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 14:36, 4 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l210&quot; &gt;Line 210:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 210:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;with sighing; one of his moans has come down to us: &amp;quot;I do not understand&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;with sighing; one of his moans has come down to us: &amp;quot;I do not understand&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;how God, the father of men, can torture his children and his grandchildren&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;how God, the father of men, can torture his children and his grandchildren&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and hear them cry, without himself suffering torture.&amp;quot;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[43]] &lt;/del&gt;The&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and hear them cry, without himself suffering torture.&amp;quot; The&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;wretch, whenever he has time to think, makes himself small before the low,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;wretch, whenever he has time to think, makes himself small before the low,&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and frail in the presence of society; he lies down flat on his face, he&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;and frail in the presence of society; he lies down flat on his face, he&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Human-ithink</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_7/Chapter_3&amp;diff=375&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: Created page with &quot;Les Mis&amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Seventh: Slang, Chapter 3: Slang which weeps and Slang which laughs&lt;br /&gt; ...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_7/Chapter_3&amp;diff=375&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-04T10:23:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Les Misérables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Seventh: Slang, Chapter 3: Slang which weeps and Slang which laughs&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Seventh: Slang, Chapter 3: Slang which weeps and Slang which laughs&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4: L'idylle rue Plumet et l'&amp;amp;eacute;pop&amp;amp;eacute;e rue Saint-Denis, Livre septi&amp;amp;egrave;me:  L'argot, Chapitre 3: Argot qui pleure et argot qui rit)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comme on le voit, l'argot tout entier, l'argot d'il y a quatre cents ans&lt;br /&gt;
comme l'argot d'aujourd'hui, est p&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;tr&amp;amp;eacute; de ce sombre esprit symbolique&lt;br /&gt;
qui donne &amp;amp;agrave; tous les mots tant&amp;amp;ocirc;t une allure dolente, tant&amp;amp;ocirc;t un air&lt;br /&gt;
mena&amp;amp;ccedil;ant. On y sent la vieille tristesse farouche de ces truands de la&lt;br /&gt;
Cour des Miracles qui jouaient aux cartes avec des jeux &amp;amp;agrave; eux, dont&lt;br /&gt;
quelques-uns nous ont &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; conserv&amp;amp;eacute;s. Le huit de tr&amp;amp;egrave;fle, par exemple,&lt;br /&gt;
repr&amp;amp;eacute;sentait un grand arbre portant huit &amp;amp;eacute;normes feuilles de tr&amp;amp;egrave;fle,&lt;br /&gt;
sorte de personnification fantastique de la for&amp;amp;ecirc;t. Au pied de cet arbre&lt;br /&gt;
on voyait un feu allum&amp;amp;eacute; o&amp;amp;ugrave; trois li&amp;amp;egrave;vres faisaient r&amp;amp;ocirc;tir un chasseur &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
la broche, et derri&amp;amp;egrave;re, sur un autre feu, une marmite fumante d'o&amp;amp;ugrave;&lt;br /&gt;
sortait la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te du chien. Rien de plus lugubre que ces repr&amp;amp;eacute;sailles en&lt;br /&gt;
peinture, sur un jeu de cartes, en pr&amp;amp;eacute;sence des b&amp;amp;ucirc;chers &amp;amp;agrave; r&amp;amp;ocirc;tir les&lt;br /&gt;
contrebandiers et de la chaudi&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave; bouillir les faux monnayeurs. Les&lt;br /&gt;
diverses formes que prenait la pens&amp;amp;eacute;e dans le royaume d'argot, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me la&lt;br /&gt;
chanson, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me la raillerie, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me la menace, avaient toutes ce caract&amp;amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
impuissant et accabl&amp;amp;eacute;. Tous les chants, dont quelques m&amp;amp;eacute;lodies ont &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
recueillies, &amp;amp;eacute;taient humbles et lamentables &amp;amp;agrave; pleurer. Le p&amp;amp;egrave;gre&lt;br /&gt;
s'appelle ''le pauvre p&amp;amp;egrave;gre'', et il est toujours le li&amp;amp;egrave;vre qui se cache,&lt;br /&gt;
la souris qui se sauve, l'oiseau qui s'enfuit. &amp;amp;Agrave; peine r&amp;amp;eacute;clame-t-il, il&lt;br /&gt;
se borne &amp;amp;agrave; soupirer; un de ses g&amp;amp;eacute;missements est venu jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; nous:&amp;amp;mdash;''Je&lt;br /&gt;
n'entrave que le dail comment meck, le daron des orgues, peut atiger ses&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes et ses momignards et les locher criblant sans &amp;amp;ecirc;tre atig&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me''.&amp;amp;mdash;Le mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable, toutes les fois qu'il a le temps de penser, se&lt;br /&gt;
fait petit devant la loi et ch&amp;amp;eacute;tif devant la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;; il se couche &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
plat ventre, il supplie, il se tourne du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de la piti&amp;amp;eacute;; on sent qu'il&lt;br /&gt;
se sait dans son tort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Vers le milieu du dernier si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, un changement se fit. Les chants de&lt;br /&gt;
prisons, les ritournelles de voleurs prirent, pour ainsi parler, un&lt;br /&gt;
geste insolent et jovial. Le plaintif ''malur&amp;amp;eacute;'' fut remplac&amp;amp;eacute; par&lt;br /&gt;
''larifla''. On retrouve au dix-huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, dans presque toutes les&lt;br /&gt;
chansons des gal&amp;amp;egrave;res, des bagnes et des chiourmes, une ga&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; diabolique&lt;br /&gt;
et &amp;amp;eacute;nigmatique. On y entend ce refrain strident et sautant qu'on dirait&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;clair&amp;amp;eacute; d'une lueur phosphorescente et qui semble jet&amp;amp;eacute; dans la for&amp;amp;ecirc;t par&lt;br /&gt;
un feu follet jouant du fifre:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
''Mirlababi, surlababo,''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Mirliton ribon ribette,''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Surlababi, mirlababo,''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Mirliton ribon ribo.''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cela se chantait en &amp;amp;eacute;gorgeant un homme dans une cave ou au coin d'un&lt;br /&gt;
bois.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Sympt&amp;amp;ocirc;me s&amp;amp;eacute;rieux. Au dix-huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle l'antique m&amp;amp;eacute;lancolie de ces&lt;br /&gt;
classes mornes se dissipe. Elles se mettent &amp;amp;agrave; rire. Elles raillent le&lt;br /&gt;
grand meg et le grand dab. Louis XV &amp;amp;eacute;tant donn&amp;amp;eacute;, elles appellent le roi&lt;br /&gt;
de France &amp;amp;laquo;le marquis de Pantin&amp;amp;raquo;. Les voil&amp;amp;agrave; presque gaies. Une sorte de&lt;br /&gt;
lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re l&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;egrave;re sort de ces mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables comme si la conscience ne leur&lt;br /&gt;
pesait plus. Ces lamentables tribus de l'ombre n'ont plus seulement&lt;br /&gt;
l'audace d&amp;amp;eacute;sesp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;e des actions, elles ont l'audace insouciante de&lt;br /&gt;
l'esprit. Indice qu'elles perdent le sentiment de leur criminalit&amp;amp;eacute;, et&lt;br /&gt;
qu'elles se sentent jusque parmi les penseurs et les songeurs je ne sais&lt;br /&gt;
quels appuis qui s'ignorent eux-m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes. Indice que le vol et le pillage&lt;br /&gt;
commencent &amp;amp;agrave; s'infiltrer jusque dans des doctrines et des sophismes, de&lt;br /&gt;
mani&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave; perdre un peu de leur laideur en en donnant beaucoup aux&lt;br /&gt;
sophismes et aux doctrines. Indice enfin, si aucune diversion ne surgit,&lt;br /&gt;
de quelque &amp;amp;eacute;closion prodigieuse et prochaine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Arr&amp;amp;ecirc;tons-nous un moment. Qui accusons-nous ici? est-ce le dix-huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me&lt;br /&gt;
si&amp;amp;egrave;cle? est-ce sa philosophie? Non certes. L'&amp;amp;oelig;uvre du dix-huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me&lt;br /&gt;
si&amp;amp;egrave;cle est saine et bonne. Les encyclop&amp;amp;eacute;distes, Diderot en t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, les&lt;br /&gt;
physiocrates, Turgot en t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, les philosophes, Voltaire en t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, les&lt;br /&gt;
utopistes, Rousseau en t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, ce sont l&amp;amp;agrave; quatre l&amp;amp;eacute;gions sacr&amp;amp;eacute;es.&lt;br /&gt;
L'immense avance de l'humanit&amp;amp;eacute; vers la lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re leur est due. Ce sont les&lt;br /&gt;
quatre avant-gardes du genre humain allant aux quatre points cardinaux&lt;br /&gt;
du progr&amp;amp;egrave;s, Diderot vers le beau, Turgot vers l'utile, Voltaire vers le&lt;br /&gt;
vrai, Rousseau vers le juste. Mais, &amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; et au-dessous des&lt;br /&gt;
philosophes, il y avait les sophistes, v&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute;tation v&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;neuse m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
croissance salubre, cigu&amp;amp;euml; dans la for&amp;amp;ecirc;t vierge. Pendant que le bourreau&lt;br /&gt;
br&amp;amp;ucirc;lait sur le ma&amp;amp;icirc;tre-escalier du palais de justice les grands livres&lt;br /&gt;
lib&amp;amp;eacute;rateurs du si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, des &amp;amp;eacute;crivains aujourd'hui oubli&amp;amp;eacute;s publiaient,&lt;br /&gt;
avec privil&amp;amp;egrave;ge du roi, on ne sait quels &amp;amp;eacute;crits &amp;amp;eacute;trangement&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;sorganisateurs, avidement lus des mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables. Quelques-unes de ces&lt;br /&gt;
publications, d&amp;amp;eacute;tail bizarre, patronn&amp;amp;eacute;es par un prince, se retrouvent&lt;br /&gt;
dans la ''Biblioth&amp;amp;egrave;que secr&amp;amp;egrave;te''. Ces faits, profonds mais ignor&amp;amp;eacute;s,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;taient inaper&amp;amp;ccedil;us &amp;amp;agrave; la surface. Parfois c'est l'obscurit&amp;amp;eacute; m&amp;amp;ecirc;me d'un fait&lt;br /&gt;
qui est son danger. Il est obscur parce qu'il est souterrain. De tous&lt;br /&gt;
ces &amp;amp;eacute;crivains, celui peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qui creusa alors dans les masses la&lt;br /&gt;
galerie la plus malsaine, c'est Restif de la Bretonne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce travail, propre &amp;amp;agrave; toute l'Europe, fit plus de ravage en Allemagne que&lt;br /&gt;
partout ailleurs. En Allemagne, pendant une certaine p&amp;amp;eacute;riode, r&amp;amp;eacute;sum&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
par Schiller dans son drame fameux des ''Brigands'', le vol et le pillage&lt;br /&gt;
s'&amp;amp;eacute;rigeaient en protestation contre la propri&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; et le travail,&lt;br /&gt;
s'assimilaient de certaines id&amp;amp;eacute;es &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;mentaires, sp&amp;amp;eacute;cieuses et fausses,&lt;br /&gt;
justes en apparence, absurdes en r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute;, s'enveloppaient de ces id&amp;amp;eacute;es,&lt;br /&gt;
y disparaissaient en quelque sorte, prenaient un nom abstrait et&lt;br /&gt;
passaient &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;tat de th&amp;amp;eacute;orie, et de cette fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on circulaient dans les&lt;br /&gt;
foules laborieuses, souffrantes et honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tes, &amp;amp;agrave; l'insu m&amp;amp;ecirc;me des chimistes&lt;br /&gt;
imprudents qui avaient pr&amp;amp;eacute;par&amp;amp;eacute; la mixture, &amp;amp;agrave; l'insu m&amp;amp;ecirc;me des masses qui&lt;br /&gt;
l'acceptaient. Toutes les fois qu'un fait de ce genre se produit, il est&lt;br /&gt;
grave. La souffrance engendre la col&amp;amp;egrave;re; et tandis que les classes&lt;br /&gt;
prosp&amp;amp;egrave;res s'aveuglent, ou s'endorment, ce qui est toujours fermer les&lt;br /&gt;
yeux, la haine des classes malheureuses allume sa torche &amp;amp;agrave; quelque&lt;br /&gt;
esprit chagrin ou mal fait qui r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve dans un coin, et elle se met &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
examiner la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;. L'examen de la haine, chose terrible!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
De l&amp;amp;agrave;, si le malheur des temps le veut, ces effrayantes commotions qu'on&lt;br /&gt;
nommait jadis ''jacqueries'', pr&amp;amp;egrave;s desquelles les agitations purement&lt;br /&gt;
politiques sont jeux d'enfants, qui ne sont plus la lutte de l'opprim&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
contre l'oppresseur, mais la r&amp;amp;eacute;volte du malaise contre le bien-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre.&lt;br /&gt;
Tout s'&amp;amp;eacute;croule alors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les jacqueries sont des tremblements de peuple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
C'est &amp;amp;agrave; ce p&amp;amp;eacute;ril, imminent peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre en Europe vers la fin du&lt;br /&gt;
dix-huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, que vint couper court la R&amp;amp;eacute;volution fran&amp;amp;ccedil;aise, cet&lt;br /&gt;
immense acte de probit&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La R&amp;amp;eacute;volution fran&amp;amp;ccedil;aise, qui n'est pas autre chose que l'id&amp;amp;eacute;al arm&amp;amp;eacute; du&lt;br /&gt;
glaive, se dressa, et, du m&amp;amp;ecirc;me mouvement brusque, ferma la porte du mal&lt;br /&gt;
et ouvrit la porte du bien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Elle d&amp;amp;eacute;gagea la question, promulgua la v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;, chassa le miasme,&lt;br /&gt;
assainit le si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, couronna le peuple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On peut dire qu'elle a cr&amp;amp;eacute;&amp;amp;eacute; l'homme une deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;me fois, en lui donnant&lt;br /&gt;
une seconde &amp;amp;acirc;me, le droit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le dix-neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle h&amp;amp;eacute;rite et profite de son &amp;amp;oelig;uvre, et aujourd'hui&lt;br /&gt;
la catastrophe sociale que nous indiquions tout &amp;amp;agrave; l'heure est simplement&lt;br /&gt;
impossible. Aveugle qui la d&amp;amp;eacute;nonce! niais qui la redoute! la r&amp;amp;eacute;volution&lt;br /&gt;
est la vaccine de la jacquerie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce &amp;amp;agrave; la r&amp;amp;eacute;volution, les conditions sociales sont chang&amp;amp;eacute;es. Les&lt;br /&gt;
maladies f&amp;amp;eacute;odales et monarchiques ne sont plus dans notre sang. Il n'y a&lt;br /&gt;
plus de moyen &amp;amp;acirc;ge dans notre constitution. Nous ne sommes plus aux temps&lt;br /&gt;
o&amp;amp;ugrave; d'effroyables fourmillements int&amp;amp;eacute;rieurs faisaient irruption, o&amp;amp;ugrave; l'on&lt;br /&gt;
entendait sous ses pieds la course obscure d'un bruit sourd, o&amp;amp;ugrave;&lt;br /&gt;
apparaissaient &amp;amp;agrave; la surface de la civilisation on ne sait quels&lt;br /&gt;
soul&amp;amp;egrave;vements de galeries de taupes, o&amp;amp;ugrave; le sol se crevassait, o&amp;amp;ugrave; le&lt;br /&gt;
dessus des cavernes s'ouvrait, et o&amp;amp;ugrave; l'on voyait tout &amp;amp;agrave; coup sortir de&lt;br /&gt;
terre des t&amp;amp;ecirc;tes monstrueuses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le sens r&amp;amp;eacute;volutionnaire est un sens moral. Le sentiment du droit,&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;velopp&amp;amp;eacute;, d&amp;amp;eacute;veloppe le sentiment du devoir. La loi de tous, c'est la&lt;br /&gt;
libert&amp;amp;eacute;, qui finit o&amp;amp;ugrave; commence la libert&amp;amp;eacute; d'autrui, selon l'admirable&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;finition de Robespierre. Depuis 89, le peuple tout entier se dilate&lt;br /&gt;
dans l'individu sublim&amp;amp;eacute;; il n'y a pas de pauvre qui, ayant son droit,&lt;br /&gt;
n'ait son rayon; le meurt-de-faim sent en lui l'honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tet&amp;amp;eacute; de la France;&lt;br /&gt;
la dignit&amp;amp;eacute; du citoyen est une armure int&amp;amp;eacute;rieure; qui est libre est&lt;br /&gt;
scrupuleux; qui vote r&amp;amp;egrave;gne. De l&amp;amp;agrave; l'incorruptibilit&amp;amp;eacute;; de l&amp;amp;agrave; l'avortement&lt;br /&gt;
des convoitises malsaines; de l&amp;amp;agrave; les yeux h&amp;amp;eacute;ro&amp;amp;iuml;quement baiss&amp;amp;eacute;s devant&lt;br /&gt;
les tentations. L'assainissement r&amp;amp;eacute;volutionnaire est tel qu'un jour de&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;livrance, un 14 juillet, un 10 ao&amp;amp;ucirc;t, il n'y a plus de populace. Le&lt;br /&gt;
premier cri des foules illumin&amp;amp;eacute;es et grandissantes c'est: mort aux&lt;br /&gt;
voleurs! Le progr&amp;amp;egrave;s est honn&amp;amp;ecirc;te homme; l'id&amp;amp;eacute;al et l'absolu ne font pas&lt;br /&gt;
le mouchoir. Par qui furent escort&amp;amp;eacute;s en 1848 les fourgons qui&lt;br /&gt;
contenaient les richesses des Tuileries? par les chiffonniers du&lt;br /&gt;
faubourg Saint-Antoine. Le haillon monta la garde devant le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor. La&lt;br /&gt;
vertu fit ces d&amp;amp;eacute;guenill&amp;amp;eacute;s resplendissants. Il y avait l&amp;amp;agrave;, dans ces&lt;br /&gt;
fourgons, dans des caisses &amp;amp;agrave; peine ferm&amp;amp;eacute;es quelques-unes m&amp;amp;ecirc;me&lt;br /&gt;
entr'ouvertes, parmi cent &amp;amp;eacute;crins &amp;amp;eacute;blouissants, cette vieille couronne de&lt;br /&gt;
France toute en diamants, surmont&amp;amp;eacute;e de l'escarboucle de la royaut&amp;amp;eacute;, du&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;gent, qui valait trente millions. Ils gardaient, pieds nus, cette&lt;br /&gt;
couronne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Donc plus de jacquerie. J'en suis f&amp;amp;acirc;ch&amp;amp;eacute; pour les habiles. C'est l&amp;amp;agrave; de la&lt;br /&gt;
vieille peur qui a fait son dernier effet et qui ne pourrait plus&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;sormais &amp;amp;ecirc;tre employ&amp;amp;eacute;e en politique. Le grand ressort du spectre rouge&lt;br /&gt;
est cass&amp;amp;eacute;. Tout le monde le sait maintenant. L'&amp;amp;eacute;pouvantail n'&amp;amp;eacute;pouvante&lt;br /&gt;
plus. Les oiseaux prennent des familiarit&amp;amp;eacute;s avec le mannequin, les&lt;br /&gt;
stercoraires s'y posent, les bourgeois rient dessus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the reader perceives, slang in its entirety, slang of four hundred&lt;br /&gt;
years ago, like the slang of to-day, is permeated with that sombre,&lt;br /&gt;
symbolical spirit which gives to all words a mien which is now mournful,&lt;br /&gt;
now menacing. One feels in it the wild and ancient sadness of those&lt;br /&gt;
vagrants of the Court of Miracles who played at cards with packs of their&lt;br /&gt;
own, some of which have come down to us. The eight of clubs, for instance,&lt;br /&gt;
represented a huge tree bearing eight enormous trefoil leaves, a sort of&lt;br /&gt;
fantastic personification of the forest. At the foot of this tree a fire&lt;br /&gt;
was burning, over which three hares were roasting a huntsman on a spit,&lt;br /&gt;
and behind him, on another fire, hung a steaming pot, whence emerged the&lt;br /&gt;
head of a dog. Nothing can be more melancholy than these reprisals in&lt;br /&gt;
painting, by a pack of cards, in the presence of stakes for the roasting&lt;br /&gt;
of smugglers and of the cauldron for the boiling of counterfeiters. The&lt;br /&gt;
diverse forms assumed by thought in the realm of slang, even song, even&lt;br /&gt;
raillery, even menace, all partook of this powerless and dejected&lt;br /&gt;
character. All the songs, the melodies of some of which have been&lt;br /&gt;
collected, were humble and lamentable to the point of evoking tears. The&lt;br /&gt;
pegre is always the poor pegre, and he is always the hare in hiding, the&lt;br /&gt;
fugitive mouse, the flying bird. He hardly complains, he contents himself&lt;br /&gt;
with sighing; one of his moans has come down to us: &amp;quot;I do not understand&lt;br /&gt;
how God, the father of men, can torture his children and his grandchildren&lt;br /&gt;
and hear them cry, without himself suffering torture.&amp;quot;[[43]] The&lt;br /&gt;
wretch, whenever he has time to think, makes himself small before the low,&lt;br /&gt;
and frail in the presence of society; he lies down flat on his face, he&lt;br /&gt;
entreats, he appeals to the side of compassion; we feel that he is&lt;br /&gt;
conscious of his guilt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Towards the middle of the last century a change took place, prison songs&lt;br /&gt;
and thieves' ritournelles assumed, so to speak, an insolent and jovial&lt;br /&gt;
mien. The plaintive malure was replaced by the larifla. We find in the&lt;br /&gt;
eighteenth century, in nearly all the songs of the galleys and prisons, a&lt;br /&gt;
diabolical and enigmatical gayety. We hear this strident and lilting&lt;br /&gt;
refrain which we should say had been lighted up by a phosphorescent gleam,&lt;br /&gt;
and which seems to have been flung into the forest by a will-o'-the-wisp&lt;br /&gt;
playing the fife:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
                    Miralabi suslababo&lt;br /&gt;
                    Mirliton ribonribette&lt;br /&gt;
                    Surlababi mirlababo&lt;br /&gt;
                    Mirliton ribonribo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/pre&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This was sung in a cellar or in a nook of the forest while cutting a man's&lt;br /&gt;
throat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A serious symptom. In the eighteenth century, the ancient melancholy of&lt;br /&gt;
the dejected classes vanishes. They began to laugh. They rally the grand&lt;br /&gt;
meg and the grand dab. Given Louis XV. they call the King of France &amp;quot;le&lt;br /&gt;
Marquis de Pantin.&amp;quot; And behold, they are almost gay. A sort of gleam&lt;br /&gt;
proceeds from these miserable wretches, as though their consciences were&lt;br /&gt;
not heavy within them any more. These lamentable tribes of darkness have&lt;br /&gt;
no longer merely the desperate audacity of actions, they possess the&lt;br /&gt;
heedless audacity of mind. A sign that they are losing the sense of their&lt;br /&gt;
criminality, and that they feel, even among thinkers and dreamers, some&lt;br /&gt;
indefinable support which the latter themselves know not of. A sign that&lt;br /&gt;
theft and pillage are beginning to filter into doctrines and sophisms, in&lt;br /&gt;
such a way as to lose somewhat of their ugliness, while communicating much&lt;br /&gt;
of it to sophisms and doctrines. A sign, in short, of some outbreak which&lt;br /&gt;
is prodigious and near unless some diversion shall arise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Let us pause a moment. Whom are we accusing here? Is it the eighteenth&lt;br /&gt;
century? Is it philosophy? Certainly not. The work of the eighteenth&lt;br /&gt;
century is healthy and good and wholesome. The encyclopedists, Diderot at&lt;br /&gt;
their head; the physiocrates, Turgot at their head; the philosophers,&lt;br /&gt;
Voltaire at their head; the Utopians, Rousseau at their head,&amp;amp;mdash;these&lt;br /&gt;
are four sacred legions. Humanity's immense advance towards the light is&lt;br /&gt;
due to them. They are the four vanguards of the human race, marching&lt;br /&gt;
towards the four cardinal points of progress. Diderot towards the&lt;br /&gt;
beautiful, Turgot towards the useful, Voltaire towards the true, Rousseau&lt;br /&gt;
towards the just. But by the side of and above the philosophers, there&lt;br /&gt;
were the sophists, a venomous vegetation mingled with a healthy growth,&lt;br /&gt;
hemlock in the virgin forest. While the executioner was burning the great&lt;br /&gt;
books of the liberators of the century on the grand staircase of the&lt;br /&gt;
court-house, writers now forgotten were publishing, with the King's&lt;br /&gt;
sanction, no one knows what strangely disorganizing writings, which were&lt;br /&gt;
eagerly read by the unfortunate. Some of these publications, odd to say,&lt;br /&gt;
which were patronized by a prince, are to be found in the Secret Library.&lt;br /&gt;
These facts, significant but unknown, were imperceptible on the surface.&lt;br /&gt;
Sometimes, in the very obscurity of a fact lurks its danger. It is obscure&lt;br /&gt;
because it is underhand. Of all these writers, the one who probably then&lt;br /&gt;
excavated in the masses the most unhealthy gallery was Restif de La&lt;br /&gt;
Bretonne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This work, peculiar to the whole of Europe, effected more ravages in&lt;br /&gt;
Germany than anywhere else. In Germany, during a given period, summed up&lt;br /&gt;
by Schiller in his famous drama The Robbers, theft and pillage rose up in&lt;br /&gt;
protest against property and labor, assimilated certain specious and false&lt;br /&gt;
elementary ideas, which, though just in appearance, were absurd in&lt;br /&gt;
reality, enveloped themselves in these ideas, disappeared within them,&lt;br /&gt;
after a fashion, assumed an abstract name, passed into the state of&lt;br /&gt;
theory, and in that shape circulated among the laborious, suffering, and&lt;br /&gt;
honest masses, unknown even to the imprudent chemists who had prepared the&lt;br /&gt;
mixture, unknown even to the masses who accepted it. Whenever a fact of&lt;br /&gt;
this sort presents itself, the case is grave. Suffering engenders wrath;&lt;br /&gt;
and while the prosperous classes blind themselves or fall asleep, which is&lt;br /&gt;
the same thing as shutting one's eyes, the hatred of the unfortunate&lt;br /&gt;
classes lights its torch at some aggrieved or ill-made spirit which dreams&lt;br /&gt;
in a corner, and sets itself to the scrutiny of society. The scrutiny of&lt;br /&gt;
hatred is a terrible thing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Hence, if the ill-fortune of the times so wills it, those fearful&lt;br /&gt;
commotions which were formerly called jacqueries, beside which purely&lt;br /&gt;
political agitations are the merest child's play, which are no longer the&lt;br /&gt;
conflict of the oppressed and the oppressor, but the revolt of discomfort&lt;br /&gt;
against comfort. Then everything crumbles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Jacqueries are earthquakes of the people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It is this peril, possibly imminent towards the close of the eighteenth&lt;br /&gt;
century, which the French Revolution, that immense act of probity, cut&lt;br /&gt;
short.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The French Revolution, which is nothing else than the idea armed with the&lt;br /&gt;
sword, rose erect, and, with the same abrupt movement, closed the door of&lt;br /&gt;
ill and opened the door of good.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It put a stop to torture, promulgated the truth, expelled miasma, rendered&lt;br /&gt;
the century healthy, crowned the populace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It may be said of it that it created man a second time, by giving him a&lt;br /&gt;
second soul, the right.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The nineteenth century has inherited and profited by its work, and to-day,&lt;br /&gt;
the social catastrophe to which we lately alluded is simply impossible.&lt;br /&gt;
Blind is he who announces it! Foolish is he who fears it! Revolution is&lt;br /&gt;
the vaccine of Jacquerie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thanks to the Revolution, social conditions have changed. Feudal and&lt;br /&gt;
monarchical maladies no longer run in our blood. There is no more of the&lt;br /&gt;
Middle Ages in our constitution. We no longer live in the days when&lt;br /&gt;
terrible swarms within made irruptions, when one heard beneath his feet&lt;br /&gt;
the obscure course of a dull rumble, when indescribable elevations from&lt;br /&gt;
mole-like tunnels appeared on the surface of civilization, where the soil&lt;br /&gt;
cracked open, where the roofs of caverns yawned, and where one suddenly&lt;br /&gt;
beheld monstrous heads emerging from the earth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The revolutionary sense is a moral sense. The sentiment of right, once&lt;br /&gt;
developed, develops the sentiment of duty. The law of all is liberty,&lt;br /&gt;
which ends where the liberty of others begins, according to Robespierre's&lt;br /&gt;
admirable definition. Since '89, the whole people has been dilating into a&lt;br /&gt;
sublime individual; there is not a poor man, who, possessing his right,&lt;br /&gt;
has not his ray of sun; the die-of-hunger feels within him the honesty of&lt;br /&gt;
France; the dignity of the citizen is an internal armor; he who is free is&lt;br /&gt;
scrupulous; he who votes reigns. Hence incorruptibility; hence the&lt;br /&gt;
miscarriage of unhealthy lusts; hence eyes heroically lowered before&lt;br /&gt;
temptations. The revolutionary wholesomeness is such, that on a day of&lt;br /&gt;
deliverance, a 14th of July, a 10th of August, there is no longer any&lt;br /&gt;
populace. The first cry of the enlightened and increasing throngs is:&lt;br /&gt;
death to thieves! Progress is an honest man; the ideal and the absolute do&lt;br /&gt;
not filch pocket-handkerchiefs. By whom were the wagons containing the&lt;br /&gt;
wealth of the Tuileries escorted in 1848? By the rag-pickers of the&lt;br /&gt;
Faubourg Saint-Antoine. Rags mounted guard over the treasure. Virtue&lt;br /&gt;
rendered these tatterdemalions resplendent. In those wagons in chests,&lt;br /&gt;
hardly closed, and some, even, half-open, amid a hundred dazzling caskets,&lt;br /&gt;
was that ancient crown of France, studded with diamonds, surmounted by the&lt;br /&gt;
carbuncle of royalty, by the Regent diamond, which was worth thirty&lt;br /&gt;
millions. Barefooted, they guarded that crown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Hence, no more Jacquerie. I regret it for the sake of the skilful. The old&lt;br /&gt;
fear has produced its last effects in that quarter; and henceforth it can&lt;br /&gt;
no longer be employed in politics. The principal spring of the red spectre&lt;br /&gt;
is broken. Every one knows it now. The scare-crow scares no longer. The&lt;br /&gt;
birds take liberties with the mannikin, foul creatures alight upon it, the&lt;br /&gt;
bourgeois laugh at it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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