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	<title>Volume 4/Book 10/Chapter 2 - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-06T11:08:01Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_10/Chapter_2&amp;diff=385&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* Translation notes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_10/Chapter_2&amp;diff=385&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-04T11:24:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Translation notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 11:24, 4 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l530&quot; &gt;Line 530:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 530:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===facit indignatio===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Facit indignatio (versum). From anger (verses) are made.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_10/Chapter_2&amp;diff=384&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: Created page with &quot;Les Mis&amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Tenth: The 5th of June, 1832, Chapter 2: The Root of the Matter&lt;br /&gt; (Tom...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_10/Chapter_2&amp;diff=384&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-04T11:22:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Les Misérables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Tenth: The 5th of June, 1832, Chapter 2: The Root of the Matter&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tom...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Tenth: The 5th of June, 1832, Chapter 2: The Root of the Matter&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4: L'idylle rue Plumet et l'&amp;amp;eacute;pop&amp;amp;eacute;e rue Saint-Denis, Livre dixi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Le 5 juin 1832, Chapitre 2: Le fond de la question)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il y a l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute, et il y a l'insurrection; ce sont deux col&amp;amp;egrave;res; l'une a&lt;br /&gt;
tort, l'autre a droit. Dans les &amp;amp;eacute;tats d&amp;amp;eacute;mocratiques, les seuls fond&amp;amp;eacute;s en&lt;br /&gt;
justice, il arrive quelquefois que la fraction usurpe; alors le tout se&lt;br /&gt;
l&amp;amp;egrave;ve, et la n&amp;amp;eacute;cessaire revendication de son droit peut aller jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
prise d'armes. Dans toutes les questions qui ressortissent &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
souverainet&amp;amp;eacute; collective, la guerre du tout contre la fraction est&lt;br /&gt;
insurrection, l'attaque de la fraction contre le tout est &amp;amp;eacute;meute; selon&lt;br /&gt;
que les Tuileries contiennent le roi ou contiennent la Convention, elles&lt;br /&gt;
sont justement ou injustement attaqu&amp;amp;eacute;es. Le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me canon braqu&amp;amp;eacute; contre la&lt;br /&gt;
foule a tort le 10 ao&amp;amp;ucirc;t et raison le 14 vend&amp;amp;eacute;miaire. Apparence&lt;br /&gt;
semblable, fond diff&amp;amp;eacute;rent; les Suisses d&amp;amp;eacute;fendent le faux, Bonaparte&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;fend le vrai. Ce que le suffrage universel a fait dans sa libert&amp;amp;eacute; et&lt;br /&gt;
dans sa souverainet&amp;amp;eacute;, ne peut &amp;amp;ecirc;tre d&amp;amp;eacute;fait par la rue. De m&amp;amp;ecirc;me dans les&lt;br /&gt;
choses de pure civilisation; l'instinct des masses, hier clairvoyant,&lt;br /&gt;
peut demain &amp;amp;ecirc;tre trouble. La m&amp;amp;ecirc;me furie est l&amp;amp;eacute;gitime contre Terray et&lt;br /&gt;
absurde contre Turgot. Les bris de machines, les pillages d'entrep&amp;amp;ocirc;ts,&lt;br /&gt;
les ruptures de rails, les d&amp;amp;eacute;molitions de docks, les fausses routes des&lt;br /&gt;
multitudes, les d&amp;amp;eacute;nis de justice du peuple au progr&amp;amp;egrave;s, Ramus assassin&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
par les &amp;amp;eacute;coliers, Rousseau chass&amp;amp;eacute; de Suisse &amp;amp;agrave; coups de pierre, c'est&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute. Isra&amp;amp;euml;l contre Mo&amp;amp;iuml;se, Ath&amp;amp;egrave;nes contre Phocion, Rome contre&lt;br /&gt;
Scipion, c'est l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute; Paris contre la Bastille, c'est l'insurrection.&lt;br /&gt;
Les soldats contre Alexandre, les matelots contre Christophe Colomb,&lt;br /&gt;
c'est la m&amp;amp;ecirc;me r&amp;amp;eacute;volte; r&amp;amp;eacute;volte impie; pourquoi? C'est qu'Alexandre fait&lt;br /&gt;
pour l'Asie avec l'&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;e ce que Christophe Colomb fait pour l'Am&amp;amp;eacute;rique&lt;br /&gt;
avec la boussole; Alexandre, comme Colomb, trouve un monde. Ces dons&lt;br /&gt;
d'un monde &amp;amp;agrave; la civilisation sont de tels accroissements de lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re que&lt;br /&gt;
toute r&amp;amp;eacute;sistance, l&amp;amp;agrave;, est coupable. Quelquefois le peuple se fausse&lt;br /&gt;
fid&amp;amp;eacute;lit&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me. La foule est tra&amp;amp;icirc;tre au peuple. Est-il, par&lt;br /&gt;
exemple, rien de plus &amp;amp;eacute;trange que cette longue et sanglante protestation&lt;br /&gt;
des faux saulniers, l&amp;amp;eacute;gitime r&amp;amp;eacute;volte chronique, qui, au moment d&amp;amp;eacute;cisif,&lt;br /&gt;
au jour du salut, &amp;amp;agrave; l'heure de la victoire populaire, &amp;amp;eacute;pouse le tr&amp;amp;ocirc;ne,&lt;br /&gt;
tourne chouannerie, et d'insurrection contre se fait &amp;amp;eacute;meute pour!&lt;br /&gt;
Sombres chefs-d'&amp;amp;oelig;uvre de l'ignorance! Le faux saulnier &amp;amp;eacute;chappe aux&lt;br /&gt;
potences royales, et, un reste de corde au cou, arbore la cocarde&lt;br /&gt;
blanche. Mort aux gabelles accouche de Vive le roi. Tueurs de la&lt;br /&gt;
Saint-Barth&amp;amp;eacute;lemy, &amp;amp;eacute;gorgeurs de Septembre, massacreurs d'Avignon,&lt;br /&gt;
assassins de Coligny, assassins de madame de Lamballe, assassins de&lt;br /&gt;
Brune, miquelets, verdets, cadenettes, compagnons de J&amp;amp;eacute;hu, chevaliers du&lt;br /&gt;
brassard, voil&amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute. La Vend&amp;amp;eacute;e est une grande &amp;amp;eacute;meute catholique. Le&lt;br /&gt;
bruit du droit en mouvement se reconna&amp;amp;icirc;t, il ne sort pas toujours du&lt;br /&gt;
tremblement des masses boulevers&amp;amp;eacute;es; il y a des rages folles, il y a des&lt;br /&gt;
cloches f&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;es; tous les tocsins ne sonnent pas le son du bronze. Le&lt;br /&gt;
branle des passions et des ignorances est autre que la secousse du&lt;br /&gt;
progr&amp;amp;egrave;s. Levez-vous, soit, mais pour grandir. Montrez-moi de quel c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
vous allez. Il n'y a d'insurrection qu'en avant. Toute autre lev&amp;amp;eacute;e est&lt;br /&gt;
mauvaise. Tout pas violent en arri&amp;amp;egrave;re est &amp;amp;eacute;meute; reculer est une voie&lt;br /&gt;
de fait contre le genre humain. L'insurrection est l'acc&amp;amp;egrave;s de fureur de&lt;br /&gt;
la v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;; les pav&amp;amp;eacute;s que l'insurrection remue jettent l'&amp;amp;eacute;tincelle du&lt;br /&gt;
droit. Ces pav&amp;amp;eacute;s ne laissent &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute que leur boue. Danton contre&lt;br /&gt;
Louis XVI, c'est l'insurrection; H&amp;amp;eacute;bert contre Danton, c'est l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
De l&amp;amp;agrave; vient que, si l'insurrection, dans des cas donn&amp;amp;eacute;s, peut &amp;amp;ecirc;tre,&lt;br /&gt;
comme a dit Lafayette, le plus saint des devoirs, l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute peut &amp;amp;ecirc;tre le&lt;br /&gt;
plus fatal des attentats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il y a aussi quelque diff&amp;amp;eacute;rence dans l'intensit&amp;amp;eacute; de calorique;&lt;br /&gt;
l'insurrection est souvent volcan, l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute est souvent feu de paille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La r&amp;amp;eacute;volte, nous l'avons dit, est quelquefois dans le pouvoir. Polignac&lt;br /&gt;
est un &amp;amp;eacute;meutier; Camille Desmoulins est un gouvernant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Parfois, insurrection, c'est r&amp;amp;eacute;surrection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La solution de tout par le suffrage universel &amp;amp;eacute;tant un fait absolument&lt;br /&gt;
moderne, et toute l'histoire ant&amp;amp;eacute;rieure &amp;amp;agrave; ce fait &amp;amp;eacute;tant, depuis quatre&lt;br /&gt;
mille ans, remplie du droit viol&amp;amp;eacute; et de la souffrance des peuples,&lt;br /&gt;
chaque &amp;amp;eacute;poque de l'histoire apporte avec elle la protestation qui lui&lt;br /&gt;
est possible. Sous les C&amp;amp;eacute;sars, il n'y avait pas d'insurrection, mais il&lt;br /&gt;
y avait Juv&amp;amp;eacute;nal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le ''facit indignatio'' remplace les Gracques.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Sous les C&amp;amp;eacute;sars il y a l'exil&amp;amp;eacute; de Sy&amp;amp;egrave;ne; il y a aussi l'homme des&lt;br /&gt;
''Annales''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Nous ne parlons pas de l'immense exil&amp;amp;eacute; de Pathmos qui, lui aussi,&lt;br /&gt;
accable le monde r&amp;amp;eacute;el d'une protestation au nom du monde id&amp;amp;eacute;al, fait de&lt;br /&gt;
la vision une satire &amp;amp;eacute;norme, et jette sur Rome-Ninive, sur&lt;br /&gt;
Rome-Babylone, sur Rome-Sodome, la flamboyante r&amp;amp;eacute;verb&amp;amp;eacute;ration de&lt;br /&gt;
l'Apocalypse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Jean sur son rocher, c'est le sphinx sur son pi&amp;amp;eacute;destal; on peut ne pas&lt;br /&gt;
le comprendre; c'est un juif, et c'est de l'h&amp;amp;eacute;breu; mais l'homme qui&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;crit les ''Annales'' est un latin; disons mieux, c'est un romain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comme les N&amp;amp;eacute;rons r&amp;amp;egrave;gnent &amp;amp;agrave; la mani&amp;amp;egrave;re noire, ils doivent &amp;amp;ecirc;tre peints de&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;ecirc;me. Le travail au burin tout seul serait p&amp;amp;acirc;le; il faut verser dans&lt;br /&gt;
l'entaille une prose concentr&amp;amp;eacute;e qui morde.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les despotes sont pour quelque chose dans les penseurs. Parole&lt;br /&gt;
encha&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;e, c'est parole terrible. L'&amp;amp;eacute;crivain double et triple son style&lt;br /&gt;
quand le silence est impos&amp;amp;eacute; par un ma&amp;amp;icirc;tre au peuple. Il sort de ce&lt;br /&gt;
silence une certaine pl&amp;amp;eacute;nitude myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieuse qui filtre et se fige en&lt;br /&gt;
airain dans la pens&amp;amp;eacute;e. La compression dans l'histoire produit la&lt;br /&gt;
concision dans l'historien. La solidit&amp;amp;eacute; granitique de telle prose&lt;br /&gt;
c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;bre n'est autre chose qu'un tassement fait par le tyran.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La tyrannie contraint l'&amp;amp;eacute;crivain &amp;amp;agrave; des r&amp;amp;eacute;tr&amp;amp;eacute;cissements de diam&amp;amp;egrave;tre qui&lt;br /&gt;
sont des accroissements de force. La p&amp;amp;eacute;riode cic&amp;amp;eacute;ronienne, &amp;amp;agrave; peine&lt;br /&gt;
suffisante sur Verr&amp;amp;egrave;s, s'&amp;amp;eacute;mousserait sur Caligula. Moins d'envergure&lt;br /&gt;
dans la phrase, plus d'intensit&amp;amp;eacute; dans le coup. Tacite pense &amp;amp;agrave; bras&lt;br /&gt;
raccourci.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tet&amp;amp;eacute; d'un grand c&amp;amp;oelig;ur, condens&amp;amp;eacute;e en justice et en v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;,&lt;br /&gt;
foudroie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Soit dit en passant, il est &amp;amp;agrave; remarquer que Tacite n'est pas&lt;br /&gt;
historiquement superpos&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; C&amp;amp;eacute;sar. Les Tib&amp;amp;egrave;res lui sont r&amp;amp;eacute;serv&amp;amp;eacute;s. C&amp;amp;eacute;sar&lt;br /&gt;
et Tacite sont deux ph&amp;amp;eacute;nom&amp;amp;egrave;nes successifs dont la rencontre semble&lt;br /&gt;
myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieusement &amp;amp;eacute;vit&amp;amp;eacute;e par celui qui, dans la mise en sc&amp;amp;egrave;ne des si&amp;amp;egrave;cles,&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;egrave;gle les entr&amp;amp;eacute;es et les sorties. C&amp;amp;eacute;sar est grand, Tacite est grand;&lt;br /&gt;
Dieu &amp;amp;eacute;pargne ces deux grandeurs en ne les heurtant pas l'une contre&lt;br /&gt;
l'autre. Le justicier, frappant C&amp;amp;eacute;sar, pourrait frapper trop, et &amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
injuste. Dieu ne veut pas. Les grandes guerres d'Afrique et d'Espagne,&lt;br /&gt;
les pirates de Cilicie d&amp;amp;eacute;truits, la civilisation introduite en Gaule, en&lt;br /&gt;
Bretagne, en Germanie, toute cette gloire couvre le Rubicon. Il y a l&amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
une sorte de d&amp;amp;eacute;licatesse de la justice divine, h&amp;amp;eacute;sitant &amp;amp;agrave; l&amp;amp;acirc;cher sur&lt;br /&gt;
l'usurpateur illustre l'historien formidable, faisant &amp;amp;agrave; C&amp;amp;eacute;sar gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce de&lt;br /&gt;
Tacite, et accordant les circonstances att&amp;amp;eacute;nuantes au g&amp;amp;eacute;nie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Certes, le despotisme reste le despotisme, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me sous le despote de&lt;br /&gt;
g&amp;amp;eacute;nie. Il y a corruption sous les tyrans illustres, mais la peste morale&lt;br /&gt;
est plus hideuse encore sous les tyrans inf&amp;amp;acirc;mes. Dans Ces r&amp;amp;egrave;gnes-l&amp;amp;agrave; rien&lt;br /&gt;
ne voile la honte; et les faiseurs d'exemples, Tacite comme Juv&amp;amp;eacute;nal,&lt;br /&gt;
soufflettent plus utilement, en pr&amp;amp;eacute;sence du genre humain, cette&lt;br /&gt;
ignominie sans r&amp;amp;eacute;plique.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Rome sent plus mauvais sous Vitellius que sous Sylla. Sous Claude et&lt;br /&gt;
sous Domitien, il y a une difformit&amp;amp;eacute; de bassesse correspondante &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
laideur du tyran. La vilenie des esclaves est un produit direct du&lt;br /&gt;
despote; un miasme s'exhale de ces consciences croupies o&amp;amp;ugrave; se refl&amp;amp;egrave;te le&lt;br /&gt;
ma&amp;amp;icirc;tre; les pouvoirs publics sont immondes; les c&amp;amp;oelig;urs sont petits, les&lt;br /&gt;
consciences sont plates, les &amp;amp;acirc;mes sont punaises; cela est ainsi sous&lt;br /&gt;
Caracalla, cela est ainsi sous Commode, cela est ainsi sous H&amp;amp;eacute;liogabale,&lt;br /&gt;
tandis qu'il ne sort du s&amp;amp;eacute;nat romain sous C&amp;amp;eacute;sar que l'odeur de fiente&lt;br /&gt;
propre aux aires d'aigle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
De l&amp;amp;agrave; la venue, en apparence tardive, des Tacite et des Juv&amp;amp;eacute;nal; c'est &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'heure de l'&amp;amp;eacute;vidence que le d&amp;amp;eacute;monstrateur para&amp;amp;icirc;t.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Mais Juv&amp;amp;eacute;nal et Tacite, de m&amp;amp;ecirc;me qu'Isa&amp;amp;iuml;e aux temps bibliques, de m&amp;amp;ecirc;me&lt;br /&gt;
que Dante au moyen &amp;amp;acirc;ge, c'est l'homme; l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute et l'insurrection, c'est&lt;br /&gt;
la multitude, qui tant&amp;amp;ocirc;t a tort, tant&amp;amp;ocirc;t a raison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Dans les cas les plus g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;raux, l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute sort d'un fait mat&amp;amp;eacute;riel;&lt;br /&gt;
l'insurrection est toujours un ph&amp;amp;eacute;nom&amp;amp;egrave;ne moral. L'&amp;amp;eacute;meute, c'est&lt;br /&gt;
Masaniello; l'insurrection, c'est Spartacus. L'insurrection confine &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'esprit, l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute &amp;amp;agrave; l'estomac. Gaster s'irrite; mais Gaster, certes,&lt;br /&gt;
n'a pas toujours tort. Dans les questions de famine, l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute,&lt;br /&gt;
Buzan&amp;amp;ccedil;ais, par exemple, a un point de d&amp;amp;eacute;part vrai, path&amp;amp;eacute;tique et juste.&lt;br /&gt;
Pourtant elle reste &amp;amp;eacute;meute. Pourquoi? c'est qu'ayant raison au fond,&lt;br /&gt;
elle a eu tort dans la forme. Farouche, quoique ayant droit, violente,&lt;br /&gt;
quoique forte, elle a frapp&amp;amp;eacute; au hasard; elle a march&amp;amp;eacute; comme l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant&lt;br /&gt;
aveugle, en &amp;amp;eacute;crasant; elle a laiss&amp;amp;eacute; derri&amp;amp;egrave;re elle des cadavres de&lt;br /&gt;
vieillards, de femmes et d'enfants; elle a vers&amp;amp;eacute;, sans savoir pourquoi,&lt;br /&gt;
le sang des inoffensifs et des innocents. Nourrir le peuple est un bon&lt;br /&gt;
but, le massacrer est un mauvais moyen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Toutes les protestations arm&amp;amp;eacute;es, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me les plus l&amp;amp;eacute;gitimes, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me le 10&lt;br /&gt;
ao&amp;amp;ucirc;t, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me le 14 juillet, d&amp;amp;eacute;butent par le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me trouble. Avant que le&lt;br /&gt;
droit se d&amp;amp;eacute;gage, il y a tumulte et &amp;amp;eacute;cume. Au commencement l'insurrection&lt;br /&gt;
est &amp;amp;eacute;meute, de m&amp;amp;ecirc;me que le fleuve est torrent. Ordinairement elle&lt;br /&gt;
aboutit &amp;amp;agrave; cet oc&amp;amp;eacute;an: r&amp;amp;eacute;volution. Quelquefois pourtant, venue de ces&lt;br /&gt;
hautes montagnes qui dominent l'horizon moral, la justice, la sagesse,&lt;br /&gt;
la raison, le droit, faite de la plus pure neige de l'id&amp;amp;eacute;al, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s une&lt;br /&gt;
longue chute de roche en roche, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s avoir refl&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; le ciel dans sa&lt;br /&gt;
transparence et s'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre grossie de cent affluents dans la majestueuse&lt;br /&gt;
allure du triomphe, l'insurrection se perd tout &amp;amp;agrave; coup dans quelque&lt;br /&gt;
fondri&amp;amp;egrave;re bourgeoise, comme le Rhin dans un marais.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Tout ceci est du pass&amp;amp;eacute;, l'avenir est autre. Le suffrage universel a cela&lt;br /&gt;
d'admirable qu'il dissout l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute dans son principe, et qu'en donnant&lt;br /&gt;
le vote &amp;amp;agrave; l'insurrection, il lui &amp;amp;ocirc;te l'arme. L'&amp;amp;eacute;vanouissement des&lt;br /&gt;
guerres, de la guerre des rues comme de la guerre des fronti&amp;amp;egrave;res, tel&lt;br /&gt;
est l'in&amp;amp;eacute;vitable progr&amp;amp;egrave;s. Quel que soit aujourd'hui, la paix, c'est&lt;br /&gt;
Demain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Du reste, insurrection, &amp;amp;eacute;meute, en quoi la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re diff&amp;amp;egrave;re de la&lt;br /&gt;
seconde, le bourgeois, proprement dit, conna&amp;amp;icirc;t peu ces nuances. Pour lui&lt;br /&gt;
tout est s&amp;amp;eacute;dition, r&amp;amp;eacute;bellion pure et simple, r&amp;amp;eacute;volte du dogue contre le&lt;br /&gt;
ma&amp;amp;icirc;tre, essai de morsure qu'il faut punir de la cha&amp;amp;icirc;ne et de la niche,&lt;br /&gt;
aboiement, jappement; jusqu'au jour o&amp;amp;ugrave; la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te du chien, grossie tout &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
coup, s'&amp;amp;eacute;bauche vaguement dans l'ombre en face de lion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Alors le bourgeois crie: Vive le peuple!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette explication donn&amp;amp;eacute;e, qu'est-ce pour l'histoire que le mouvement de&lt;br /&gt;
juin 1832? est-ce une &amp;amp;eacute;meute? est-ce une insurrection?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
C'est une insurrection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il pourra nous arriver, dans cette mise en sc&amp;amp;egrave;ne d'un &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;nement&lt;br /&gt;
redoutable, de dire parfois l'&amp;amp;eacute;meute, mais seulement pour qualifier les&lt;br /&gt;
faits de surface, et en maintenant toujours la distinction entre la&lt;br /&gt;
forme &amp;amp;eacute;meute et le fond insurrection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce mouvement de 1832 a eu, dans son explosion rapide et dans son&lt;br /&gt;
extinction lugubre, tant de grandeur que ceux-l&amp;amp;agrave; m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes qui n'y voient&lt;br /&gt;
qu'une &amp;amp;eacute;meute n'en parlent pas sans respect. Pour eux, c'est comme un&lt;br /&gt;
reste de 1830. Les imaginations &amp;amp;eacute;mues, disent-ils, ne se calment pas en&lt;br /&gt;
un jour. Une r&amp;amp;eacute;volution ne se coupe pas &amp;amp;agrave; pic. Elle a toujours&lt;br /&gt;
n&amp;amp;eacute;cessairement quelques ondulations avant de revenir &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;tat de paix&lt;br /&gt;
comme une montagne en redescendant vers la plaine. Il n'y a point&lt;br /&gt;
d'Alpes sans Jura, ni de Pyr&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;es sans Asturies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette crise path&amp;amp;eacute;tique de l'histoire contemporaine que la m&amp;amp;eacute;moire des&lt;br /&gt;
Parisiens appelle ''l'&amp;amp;eacute;poque des &amp;amp;eacute;meutes'', est &amp;amp;agrave; coup s&amp;amp;ucirc;r une heure&lt;br /&gt;
caract&amp;amp;eacute;ristique parmi les heures orageuses de ce si&amp;amp;egrave;cle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un dernier mot avant d'entrer dans le r&amp;amp;eacute;cit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les faits qui vont &amp;amp;ecirc;tre racont&amp;amp;eacute;s appartiennent &amp;amp;agrave; cette r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
dramatique et vivante que l'histoire n&amp;amp;eacute;glige quelquefois, faute de temps&lt;br /&gt;
et d'espace. L&amp;amp;agrave; pourtant, nous y insistons, l&amp;amp;agrave; est la vie, la&lt;br /&gt;
palpitation, le fr&amp;amp;eacute;missement humain. Les petits d&amp;amp;eacute;tails, nous croyons&lt;br /&gt;
l'avoir dit, sont, pour ainsi parler, le feuillage des grands &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;nements&lt;br /&gt;
et se perdent dans les lointains de l'histoire. L'&amp;amp;eacute;poque dite ''des&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;meutes'' abonde en d&amp;amp;eacute;tails de ce genre. Les instructions judiciaires,&lt;br /&gt;
par d'autres raisons que l'histoire, n'ont pas tout r&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;, ni peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
tout approfondi. Nous allons donc mettre en lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re, parmi les&lt;br /&gt;
particularit&amp;amp;eacute;s connues et publi&amp;amp;eacute;es, des choses qu'on n'a point sues, des&lt;br /&gt;
faits sur lesquels a pass&amp;amp;eacute; l'oubli des uns, la mort des autres. La&lt;br /&gt;
plupart des acteurs de ces sc&amp;amp;egrave;nes gigantesques ont disparu; d&amp;amp;egrave;s le&lt;br /&gt;
lendemain ils se taisaient; mais ce que nous raconterons, nous pouvons&lt;br /&gt;
dire: nous l'avons vu. Nous changerons quelques noms, car l'histoire&lt;br /&gt;
raconte et ne d&amp;amp;eacute;nonce pas, mais nous peindrons des choses vraies. Dans&lt;br /&gt;
les conditions du livre que nous &amp;amp;eacute;crivons, nous ne montrerons qu'un c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
et qu'un &amp;amp;eacute;pisode, et &amp;amp;agrave; coup s&amp;amp;ucirc;r le moins connu, des journ&amp;amp;eacute;es des 5 et 6&lt;br /&gt;
juin 1832; mais nous ferons en sorte que le lecteur entrevoie, sous le&lt;br /&gt;
sombre voile que nous allons soulever, la figure r&amp;amp;eacute;elle de cette&lt;br /&gt;
effrayante aventure publique.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
There is such a thing as an uprising, and there is such a thing as&lt;br /&gt;
insurrection; these are two separate phases of wrath; one is in the wrong,&lt;br /&gt;
the other is in the right. In democratic states, the only ones which are&lt;br /&gt;
founded on justice, it sometimes happens that the fraction usurps; then&lt;br /&gt;
the whole rises and the necessary claim of its rights may proceed as far&lt;br /&gt;
as resort to arms. In all questions which result from collective&lt;br /&gt;
sovereignty, the war of the whole against the fraction is insurrection;&lt;br /&gt;
the attack of the fraction against the whole is revolt; according as the&lt;br /&gt;
Tuileries contain a king or the Convention, they are justly or unjustly&lt;br /&gt;
attacked. The same cannon, pointed against the populace, is wrong on the&lt;br /&gt;
10th of August, and right on the 14th of Vendemiaire. Alike in appearance,&lt;br /&gt;
fundamentally different in reality; the Swiss defend the false, Bonaparte&lt;br /&gt;
defends the true. That which universal suffrage has effected in its&lt;br /&gt;
liberty and in its sovereignty cannot be undone by the street. It is the&lt;br /&gt;
same in things pertaining purely to civilization; the instinct of the&lt;br /&gt;
masses, clear-sighted to-day, may be troubled to-morrow. The same fury&lt;br /&gt;
legitimate when directed against Terray and absurd when directed against&lt;br /&gt;
Turgot. The destruction of machines, the pillage of warehouses, the&lt;br /&gt;
breaking of rails, the demolition of docks, the false routes of&lt;br /&gt;
multitudes, the refusal by the people of justice to progress, Ramus&lt;br /&gt;
assassinated by students, Rousseau driven out of Switzerland and stoned,&amp;amp;mdash;that&lt;br /&gt;
is revolt. Israel against Moses, Athens against Phocian, Rome against&lt;br /&gt;
Cicero,&amp;amp;mdash;that is an uprising; Paris against the Bastille,&amp;amp;mdash;that&lt;br /&gt;
is insurrection. The soldiers against Alexander, the sailors against&lt;br /&gt;
Christopher Columbus,&amp;amp;mdash;this is the same revolt; impious revolt; why?&lt;br /&gt;
Because Alexander is doing for Asia with the sword that which Christopher&lt;br /&gt;
Columbus is doing for America with the compass; Alexander like Columbus,&lt;br /&gt;
is finding a world. These gifts of a world to civilization are such&lt;br /&gt;
augmentations of light, that all resistance in that case is culpable.&lt;br /&gt;
Sometimes the populace counterfeits fidelity to itself. The masses are&lt;br /&gt;
traitors to the people. Is there, for example, anything stranger than that&lt;br /&gt;
long and bloody protest of dealers in contraband salt, a legitimate&lt;br /&gt;
chronic revolt, which, at the decisive moment, on the day of salvation, at&lt;br /&gt;
the very hour of popular victory, espouses the throne, turns into&lt;br /&gt;
chouannerie, and, from having been an insurrection against, becomes an&lt;br /&gt;
uprising for, sombre masterpieces of ignorance! The contraband salt dealer&lt;br /&gt;
escapes the royal gibbets, and with a rope's end round his neck, mounts&lt;br /&gt;
the white cockade. &amp;quot;Death to the salt duties,&amp;quot; brings forth, &amp;quot;Long live&lt;br /&gt;
the King!&amp;quot; The assassins of Saint-Barthelemy, the cut-throats of&lt;br /&gt;
September, the manslaughterers of Avignon, the assassins of Coligny, the&lt;br /&gt;
assassins of Madam Lamballe, the assassins of Brune, Miquelets, Verdets,&lt;br /&gt;
Cadenettes, the companions of Jehu, the chevaliers of Brassard,&amp;amp;mdash;behold&lt;br /&gt;
an uprising. La Vendee is a grand, catholic uprising. The sound of right&lt;br /&gt;
in movement is recognizable, it does not always proceed from the trembling&lt;br /&gt;
of excited masses; there are mad rages, there are cracked bells, all&lt;br /&gt;
tocsins do not give out the sound of bronze. The brawl of passions and&lt;br /&gt;
ignorances is quite another thing from the shock of progress. Show me in&lt;br /&gt;
what direction you are going. Rise, if you will, but let it be that you&lt;br /&gt;
may grow great. There is no insurrection except in a forward direction.&lt;br /&gt;
Any other sort of rising is bad; every violent step towards the rear is a&lt;br /&gt;
revolt; to retreat is to commit a deed of violence against the human race.&lt;br /&gt;
Insurrection is a fit of rage on the part of truth; the pavements which&lt;br /&gt;
the uprising disturbs give forth the spark of right. These pavements&lt;br /&gt;
bequeath to the uprising only their mud. Danton against Louis XIV. is&lt;br /&gt;
insurrection; Hebert against Danton is revolt.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Hence it results that if insurrection in given cases may be, as Lafayette&lt;br /&gt;
says, the most holy of duties, an uprising may be the most fatal of&lt;br /&gt;
crimes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
There is also a difference in the intensity of heat; insurrection is often&lt;br /&gt;
a volcano, revolt is often only a fire of straw.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Revolt, as we have said, is sometimes found among those in power. Polignac&lt;br /&gt;
is a rioter; Camille Desmoulins is one of the governing powers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Insurrection is sometimes resurrection.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The solution of everything by universal suffrage being an absolutely&lt;br /&gt;
modern fact, and all history anterior to this fact being, for the space of&lt;br /&gt;
four thousand years, filled with violated right, and the suffering of&lt;br /&gt;
peoples, each epoch of history brings with it that protest of which it is&lt;br /&gt;
capable. Under the Caesars, there was no insurrection, but there was&lt;br /&gt;
Juvenal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The facit indignatio replaces the Gracchi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Under the Caesars, there is the exile to Syene; there is also the man of&lt;br /&gt;
the Annales. We do not speak of the immense exile of Patmos who, on his&lt;br /&gt;
part also, overwhelms the real world with a protest in the name of the&lt;br /&gt;
ideal world, who makes of his vision an enormous satire and casts on&lt;br /&gt;
Rome-Nineveh, on Rome-Babylon, on Rome-Sodom, the flaming reflection of&lt;br /&gt;
the Apocalypse. John on his rock is the sphinx on its pedestal; we may&lt;br /&gt;
understand him, he is a Jew, and it is Hebrew; but the man who writes the&lt;br /&gt;
Annales is of the Latin race, let us rather say he is a Roman.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As the Neros reign in a black way, they should be painted to match. The&lt;br /&gt;
work of the graving-tool alone would be too pale; there must be poured&lt;br /&gt;
into the channel a concentrated prose which bites.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Despots count for something in the question of philosophers. A word that&lt;br /&gt;
is chained is a terrible word. The writer doubles and trebles his style&lt;br /&gt;
when silence is imposed on a nation by its master. From this silence there&lt;br /&gt;
arises a certain mysterious plenitude which filters into thought and there&lt;br /&gt;
congeals into bronze. The compression of history produces conciseness in&lt;br /&gt;
the historian. The granite solidity of such and such a celebrated prose is&lt;br /&gt;
nothing but the accumulation effected by the tyrant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Tyranny constrains the writer to conditions of diameter which are&lt;br /&gt;
augmentations of force. The Ciceronian period, which hardly sufficed for&lt;br /&gt;
Verres, would be blunted on Caligula. The less spread of sail in the&lt;br /&gt;
phrase, the more intensity in the blow. Tacitus thinks with all his might.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The honesty of a great heart, condensed in justice and truth, overwhelms&lt;br /&gt;
as with lightning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Be it remarked, in passing, that Tacitus is not historically superposed&lt;br /&gt;
upon Caesar. The Tiberii were reserved for him. Caesar and Tacitus are two&lt;br /&gt;
successive phenomena, a meeting between whom seems to be mysteriously&lt;br /&gt;
avoided, by the One who, when He sets the centuries on the stage,&lt;br /&gt;
regulates the entrances and the exits. Caesar is great, Tacitus is great;&lt;br /&gt;
God spares these two greatnesses by not allowing them to clash with one&lt;br /&gt;
another. The guardian of justice, in striking Caesar, might strike too&lt;br /&gt;
hard and be unjust. God does not will it. The great wars of Africa and&lt;br /&gt;
Spain, the pirates of Sicily destroyed, civilization introduced into Gaul,&lt;br /&gt;
into Britanny, into Germany,&amp;amp;mdash;all this glory covers the Rubicon.&lt;br /&gt;
There is here a sort of delicacy of the divine justice, hesitating to let&lt;br /&gt;
loose upon the illustrious usurper the formidable historian, sparing&lt;br /&gt;
Caesar Tacitus, and according extenuating circumstances to genius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Certainly, despotism remains despotism, even under the despot of genius.&lt;br /&gt;
There is corruption under all illustrious tyrants, but the moral pest is&lt;br /&gt;
still more hideous under infamous tyrants. In such reigns, nothing veils&lt;br /&gt;
the shame; and those who make examples, Tacitus as well as Juvenal, slap&lt;br /&gt;
this ignominy which cannot reply, in the face, more usefully in the&lt;br /&gt;
presence of all humanity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Rome smells worse under Vitellius than under Sylla. Under Claudius and&lt;br /&gt;
under Domitian, there is a deformity of baseness corresponding to the&lt;br /&gt;
repulsiveness of the tyrant. The villainy of slaves is a direct product of&lt;br /&gt;
the despot; a miasma exhales from these cowering consciences wherein the&lt;br /&gt;
master is reflected; public powers are unclean; hearts are small;&lt;br /&gt;
consciences are dull, souls are like vermin; thus it is under Caracalla,&lt;br /&gt;
thus it is under Commodus, thus it is under Heliogabalus, while, from the&lt;br /&gt;
Roman Senate, under Caesar, there comes nothing but the odor of the dung&lt;br /&gt;
which is peculiar to the eyries of the eagles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Hence the advent, apparently tardy, of the Tacituses and the Juvenals; it&lt;br /&gt;
is in the hour for evidence, that the demonstrator makes his appearance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
But Juvenal and Tacitus, like Isaiah in Biblical times, like Dante in the&lt;br /&gt;
Middle Ages, is man; riot and insurrection are the multitude, which is&lt;br /&gt;
sometimes right and sometimes wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In the majority of cases, riot proceeds from a material fact; insurrection&lt;br /&gt;
is always a moral phenomenon. Riot is Masaniello; insurrection, Spartacus.&lt;br /&gt;
Insurrection borders on mind, riot on the stomach; Gaster grows irritated;&lt;br /&gt;
but Gaster, assuredly, is not always in the wrong. In questions of famine,&lt;br /&gt;
riot, Buzancais, for example, holds a true, pathetic, and just point of&lt;br /&gt;
departure. Nevertheless, it remains a riot. Why? It is because, right at&lt;br /&gt;
bottom, it was wrong in form. Shy although in the right, violent although&lt;br /&gt;
strong, it struck at random; it walked like a blind elephant; it left&lt;br /&gt;
behind it the corpses of old men, of women, and of children; it wished the&lt;br /&gt;
blood of inoffensive and innocent persons without knowing why. The&lt;br /&gt;
nourishment of the people is a good object; to massacre them is a bad&lt;br /&gt;
means.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
All armed protests, even the most legitimate, even that of the 10th of&lt;br /&gt;
August, even that of July 14th, begin with the same troubles. Before the&lt;br /&gt;
right gets set free, there is foam and tumult. In the beginning, the&lt;br /&gt;
insurrection is a riot, just as a river is a torrent. Ordinarily it ends&lt;br /&gt;
in that ocean: revolution. Sometimes, however, coming from those lofty&lt;br /&gt;
mountains which dominate the moral horizon, justice, wisdom, reason,&lt;br /&gt;
right, formed of the pure snow of the ideal, after a long fall from rock&lt;br /&gt;
to rock, after having reflected the sky in its transparency and increased&lt;br /&gt;
by a hundred affluents in the majestic mien of triumph, insurrection is&lt;br /&gt;
suddenly lost in some quagmire, as the Rhine is in a swamp.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
All this is of the past, the future is another thing. Universal suffrage&lt;br /&gt;
has this admirable property, that it dissolves riot in its inception, and,&lt;br /&gt;
by giving the vote to insurrection, it deprives it of its arms. The&lt;br /&gt;
disappearance of wars, of street wars as well as of wars on the frontiers,&lt;br /&gt;
such is the inevitable progression. Whatever To-day may be, To-morrow will&lt;br /&gt;
be peace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
However, insurrection, riot, and points of difference between the former&lt;br /&gt;
and the latter,&amp;amp;mdash;the bourgeois, properly speaking, knows nothing of&lt;br /&gt;
such shades. In his mind, all is sedition, rebellion pure and simple, the&lt;br /&gt;
revolt of the dog against his master, an attempt to bite whom must be&lt;br /&gt;
punished by the chain and the kennel, barking, snapping, until such day as&lt;br /&gt;
the head of the dog, suddenly enlarged, is outlined vaguely in the gloom&lt;br /&gt;
face to face with the lion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Then the bourgeois shouts: &amp;quot;Long live the people!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This explanation given, what does the movement of June, 1832, signify, so&lt;br /&gt;
far as history is concerned? Is it a revolt? Is it an insurrection?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It may happen to us, in placing this formidable event on the stage, to say&lt;br /&gt;
revolt now and then, but merely to distinguish superficial facts, and&lt;br /&gt;
always preserving the distinction between revolt, the form, and&lt;br /&gt;
insurrection, the foundation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This movement of 1832 had, in its rapid outbreak and in its melancholy&lt;br /&gt;
extinction, so much grandeur, that even those who see in it only an&lt;br /&gt;
uprising, never refer to it otherwise than with respect. For them, it is&lt;br /&gt;
like a relic of 1830. Excited imaginations, say they, are not to be calmed&lt;br /&gt;
in a day. A revolution cannot be cut off short. It must needs undergo some&lt;br /&gt;
undulations before it returns to a state of rest, like a mountain sinking&lt;br /&gt;
into the plain. There are no Alps without their Jura, nor Pyrenees without&lt;br /&gt;
the Asturias.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This pathetic crisis of contemporary history which the memory of Parisians&lt;br /&gt;
calls &amp;quot;the epoch of the riots,&amp;quot; is certainly a characteristic hour amid&lt;br /&gt;
the stormy hours of this century. A last word, before we enter on the&lt;br /&gt;
recital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The facts which we are about to relate belong to that dramatic and living&lt;br /&gt;
reality, which the historian sometimes neglects for lack of time and&lt;br /&gt;
space. There, nevertheless, we insist upon it, is life, palpitation, human&lt;br /&gt;
tremor. Petty details, as we think we have already said, are, so to speak,&lt;br /&gt;
the foliage of great events, and are lost in the distance of history. The&lt;br /&gt;
epoch, surnamed &amp;quot;of the riots,&amp;quot; abounds in details of this nature.&lt;br /&gt;
Judicial inquiries have not revealed, and perhaps have not sounded the&lt;br /&gt;
depths, for another reason than history. We shall therefore bring to&lt;br /&gt;
light, among the known and published peculiarities, things which have not&lt;br /&gt;
heretofore been known, about facts over which have passed the&lt;br /&gt;
forgetfulness of some, and the death of others. The majority of the actors&lt;br /&gt;
in these gigantic scenes have disappeared; beginning with the very next&lt;br /&gt;
day they held their peace; but of what we shall relate, we shall be able&lt;br /&gt;
to say: &amp;quot;We have seen this.&amp;quot; We alter a few names, for history relates and&lt;br /&gt;
does not inform against, but the deed which we shall paint will be&lt;br /&gt;
genuine. In accordance with the conditions of the book which we are now&lt;br /&gt;
writing, we shall show only one side and one episode, and certainly, the&lt;br /&gt;
least known at that, of the two days, the 5th and the 6th of June, 1832,&lt;br /&gt;
but we shall do it in such wise that the reader may catch a glimpse,&lt;br /&gt;
beneath the gloomy veil which we are about to lift, of the real form of&lt;br /&gt;
this frightful public adventure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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