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	<title>Volume 3/Book 1/Chapter 13 - Revision history</title>
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		<title>Historymaker: Created page with &quot;Les Mis&amp;eacute;rables,  Volume 3: Marius, Book First: Paris Studied in its Atom, Chapter 13: Little Gavroche&lt;br /&gt; (Tome 3: Marius, Livre premier: Paris &amp;eacute;tudi&amp;eacute; d...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2014-03-03T11:25:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Les Misérables,  Volume 3: Marius, Book First: Paris Studied in its Atom, Chapter 13: Little Gavroche&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 3: Marius, Livre premier: Paris étudié d...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables,  Volume 3: Marius, Book First: Paris Studied in its Atom, Chapter 13: Little Gavroche&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 3: Marius, Livre premier: Paris &amp;amp;eacute;tudi&amp;amp;eacute; dans son atome, Chapitre 13: Le petit Gavroche)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Huit ou neuf ans environ apr&amp;amp;egrave;s les &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;egrave;nements racont&amp;amp;eacute;s dans la deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;me&lt;br /&gt;
partie de cette histoire, on remarquait sur le boulevard du Temple et&lt;br /&gt;
dans les r&amp;amp;eacute;gions du Ch&amp;amp;acirc;teau-d'Eau un petit gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on de onze &amp;amp;agrave; douze ans&lt;br /&gt;
qui e&amp;amp;ucirc;t assez correctement r&amp;amp;eacute;alis&amp;amp;eacute; cet id&amp;amp;eacute;al du gamin &amp;amp;eacute;bauch&amp;amp;eacute; plus haut,&lt;br /&gt;
si, avec le rire de son &amp;amp;acirc;ge sur les l&amp;amp;egrave;vres, il n'e&amp;amp;ucirc;t pas eu le c&amp;amp;oelig;ur&lt;br /&gt;
absolument sombre et vide. Cet enfant &amp;amp;eacute;tait bien affubl&amp;amp;eacute; d'un pantalon&lt;br /&gt;
d'homme, mais il ne le tenait pas de son p&amp;amp;egrave;re, et d'une camisole de&lt;br /&gt;
femme, mais il ne la tenait pas de sa m&amp;amp;egrave;re. Des gens quelconques&lt;br /&gt;
l'avaient habill&amp;amp;eacute; de chiffons par charit&amp;amp;eacute;. Pourtant il avait un p&amp;amp;egrave;re et&lt;br /&gt;
une m&amp;amp;egrave;re. Mais son p&amp;amp;egrave;re ne songeait pas &amp;amp;agrave; lui et sa m&amp;amp;egrave;re ne l'aimait&lt;br /&gt;
point. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un de ces enfants dignes de piti&amp;amp;eacute; entre tous qui ont p&amp;amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
et m&amp;amp;egrave;re et qui sont orphelins.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cet enfant ne se sentait jamais si bien que dans la rue. Le pav&amp;amp;eacute; lui&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait moins dur que le c&amp;amp;oelig;ur de sa m&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ses parents l'avaient jet&amp;amp;eacute; dans la vie d'un coup de pied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il avait tout bonnement pris sa vol&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on bruyant, bl&amp;amp;ecirc;me, leste, &amp;amp;eacute;veill&amp;amp;eacute;, goguenard, &amp;amp;agrave; l'air&lt;br /&gt;
vivace et maladif. Il allait, venait, chantait, jouait &amp;amp;agrave; la fayousse,&lt;br /&gt;
grattait les ruisseaux, volait un peu, mais comme les chats et les&lt;br /&gt;
passereaux, ga&amp;amp;icirc;ment, riait quand on l'appelait galopin, se f&amp;amp;acirc;chait quand&lt;br /&gt;
on l'appelait voyou. Il n'avait pas de g&amp;amp;icirc;te, pas de pain, pas de feu,&lt;br /&gt;
pas d'amour; mais il &amp;amp;eacute;tait joyeux parce qu'il &amp;amp;eacute;tait libre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand ces pauvres &amp;amp;ecirc;tres sont des hommes, presque toujours la meule de&lt;br /&gt;
l'ordre social les rencontre et les broie, mais tant qu'ils sont&lt;br /&gt;
enfants, ils &amp;amp;eacute;chappent, &amp;amp;eacute;tant petits. Le moindre trou les sauve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Pourtant, si abandonn&amp;amp;eacute; que f&amp;amp;ucirc;t cet enfant, il arrivait parfois, tous les&lt;br /&gt;
deux ou trois mois, qu'il disait: Tiens, je vais voir maman! Alors il&lt;br /&gt;
quittait le boulevard, le Cirque, la porte Saint-Martin, descendait aux&lt;br /&gt;
quais, passait les ponts, gagnait les faubourgs, atteignait la&lt;br /&gt;
Salp&amp;amp;ecirc;tri&amp;amp;egrave;re, et arrivait o&amp;amp;ugrave;? Pr&amp;amp;eacute;cis&amp;amp;eacute;ment &amp;amp;agrave; ce double num&amp;amp;eacute;ro 50-52 que le&lt;br /&gt;
lecteur conna&amp;amp;icirc;t, &amp;amp;agrave; la masure Gorbeau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque, la masure 50-52, habituellement d&amp;amp;eacute;serte et &amp;amp;eacute;ternellement&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;cor&amp;amp;eacute;e de l'&amp;amp;eacute;criteau: &amp;amp;laquo;Chambres &amp;amp;agrave; louer&amp;amp;raquo;, se trouvait, chose rare,&lt;br /&gt;
habit&amp;amp;eacute;e par plusieurs individus qui, du reste, comme cela est toujours &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Paris, n'avaient aucun lien ni aucun rapport entre eux. Tous&lt;br /&gt;
appartenaient &amp;amp;agrave; cette classe indigente qui commence &amp;amp;agrave; partir du dernier&lt;br /&gt;
petit bourgeois g&amp;amp;ecirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; et qui se prolonge de mis&amp;amp;egrave;re en mis&amp;amp;egrave;re dans les&lt;br /&gt;
bas-fonds de la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; ces deux &amp;amp;ecirc;tres auxquels toutes les&lt;br /&gt;
choses mat&amp;amp;eacute;rielles de la civilisation viennent aboutir, l'&amp;amp;eacute;goutier qui&lt;br /&gt;
balaye la boue et le chiffonnier qui ramasse les guenilles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La &amp;amp;laquo;principale locataire&amp;amp;raquo; du temps de Jean Valjean &amp;amp;eacute;tait morte et avait&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; remplac&amp;amp;eacute;e par toute pareille. Je ne sais quel philosophe a dit: On&lt;br /&gt;
ne manque jamais de vieilles femmes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette nouvelle vieille s'appelait madame Burgon, et n'avait rien de&lt;br /&gt;
remarquable dans sa vie qu'une dynastie de trois perroquets, lesquels&lt;br /&gt;
avaient successivement r&amp;amp;eacute;gn&amp;amp;eacute; sur son &amp;amp;acirc;me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les plus mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables entre ceux qui habitaient la masure &amp;amp;eacute;taient une&lt;br /&gt;
famille de quatre personnes, le p&amp;amp;egrave;re, la m&amp;amp;egrave;re et deux filles d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; assez&lt;br /&gt;
grandes, tous les quatre log&amp;amp;eacute;s dans le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me galetas, une de ces cellules&lt;br /&gt;
dont nous avons d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; parl&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette famille n'offrait au premier abord rien de tr&amp;amp;egrave;s particulier que&lt;br /&gt;
son extr&amp;amp;ecirc;me d&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;ucirc;ment. Le p&amp;amp;egrave;re en louant la chambre avait dit s'appeler&lt;br /&gt;
Jondrette. Quelque temps apr&amp;amp;egrave;s son emm&amp;amp;eacute;nagement qui avait singuli&amp;amp;egrave;rement&lt;br /&gt;
ressembl&amp;amp;eacute;, pour emprunt&amp;amp;eacute; l'expression m&amp;amp;eacute;morable de la principale&lt;br /&gt;
locataire, &amp;amp;agrave; ''l'entr&amp;amp;eacute;e de rien du tout'', ce Jondrette avait dit &amp;amp;agrave; cette&lt;br /&gt;
femme qui, comme sa devanci&amp;amp;egrave;re, &amp;amp;eacute;tait en m&amp;amp;ecirc;me temps porti&amp;amp;egrave;re et balayait&lt;br /&gt;
l'escalier:&amp;amp;mdash;M&amp;amp;egrave;re une telle, si quelqu'un venait par hasard demander un&lt;br /&gt;
polonais ou un italien, ou peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre un espagnol, ce serait moi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette famille &amp;amp;eacute;tait la famille du joyeux va-nu-pieds. Il y arrivait et&lt;br /&gt;
il y trouvait la pauvret&amp;amp;eacute;, la d&amp;amp;eacute;tresse, et, ce qui est plus triste,&lt;br /&gt;
aucun sourire; le froid dans l'&amp;amp;acirc;tre et le froid dans les c&amp;amp;oelig;urs. Quand&lt;br /&gt;
il entrait, on lui demandait:&amp;amp;mdash;D'o&amp;amp;ugrave; viens-tu? Il r&amp;amp;eacute;pondait:&amp;amp;mdash;De la rue.&lt;br /&gt;
Quand il s'en allait, on lui demandait:&amp;amp;mdash;O&amp;amp;ugrave; vas-tu? il r&amp;amp;eacute;pondait:&amp;amp;mdash;Dans&lt;br /&gt;
la rue. Sa m&amp;amp;egrave;re lui disait:&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que tu viens faire ici?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cet enfant vivait dans cette absence d'affection comme ces herbes p&amp;amp;acirc;les&lt;br /&gt;
qui viennent dans les caves. Il ne souffrait pas d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre ainsi et n'en&lt;br /&gt;
voulait &amp;amp;agrave; personne. Il ne savait pas au juste comment devaient &amp;amp;ecirc;tre un&lt;br /&gt;
p&amp;amp;egrave;re et une m&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Du reste sa m&amp;amp;egrave;re aimait ses s&amp;amp;oelig;urs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Nous avons oubli&amp;amp;eacute; de dire que sur le boulevard du Temple on nommait cet&lt;br /&gt;
enfant le petit Gavroche. Pourquoi s'appelait-il Gavroche? Probablement&lt;br /&gt;
parce que son p&amp;amp;egrave;re s'appelait Jondrette.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Casser le fil semble &amp;amp;ecirc;tre l'instinct de certaines familles mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La chambre que les Jondrette habitaient dans la masure Gorbeau &amp;amp;eacute;tait la&lt;br /&gt;
derni&amp;amp;egrave;re au bout du corridor. La cellule d'&amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;eacute;tait occup&amp;amp;eacute;e par un&lt;br /&gt;
jeune homme tr&amp;amp;egrave;s pauvre qu'on nommait Marius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Disons ce que c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait que monsieur Marius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Eight or nine years after the events narrated in the second part of this&lt;br /&gt;
story, people noticed on the Boulevard du Temple, and in the regions of&lt;br /&gt;
the Chateau-d'Eau, a little boy eleven or twelve years of age, who would&lt;br /&gt;
have realized with tolerable accuracy that ideal of the gamin sketched out&lt;br /&gt;
above, if, with the laugh of his age on his lips, he had not had a heart&lt;br /&gt;
absolutely sombre and empty. This child was well muffled up in a pair of&lt;br /&gt;
man's trousers, but he did not get them from his father, and a woman's&lt;br /&gt;
chemise, but he did not get it from his mother. Some people or other had&lt;br /&gt;
clothed him in rags out of charity. Still, he had a father and a mother.&lt;br /&gt;
But his father did not think of him, and his mother did not love him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He was one of those children most deserving of pity, among all, one of&lt;br /&gt;
those who have father and mother, and who are orphans nevertheless.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This child never felt so well as when he was in the street. The pavements&lt;br /&gt;
were less hard to him than his mother's heart.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
His parents had despatched him into life with a kick.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He simply took flight.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He was a boisterous, pallid, nimble, wide-awake, jeering, lad, with a&lt;br /&gt;
vivacious but sickly air. He went and came, sang, played at hopscotch,&lt;br /&gt;
scraped the gutters, stole a little, but, like cats and sparrows, gayly&lt;br /&gt;
laughed when he was called a rogue, and got angry when called a thief. He&lt;br /&gt;
had no shelter, no bread, no fire, no love; but he was merry because he&lt;br /&gt;
was free.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When these poor creatures grow to be men, the millstones of the social&lt;br /&gt;
order meet them and crush them, but so long as they are children, they&lt;br /&gt;
escape because of their smallness. The tiniest hole saves them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, abandoned as this child was, it sometimes happened, every&lt;br /&gt;
two or three months, that he said, &amp;quot;Come, I'll go and see mamma!&amp;quot; Then he&lt;br /&gt;
quitted the boulevard, the Cirque, the Porte Saint-Martin, descended to&lt;br /&gt;
the quays, crossed the bridges, reached the suburbs, arrived at the&lt;br /&gt;
Salpetriere, and came to a halt, where? Precisely at that double number&lt;br /&gt;
50-52 with which the reader is acquainted&amp;amp;mdash;at the Gorbeau hovel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At that epoch, the hovel 50-52 generally deserted and eternally decorated&lt;br /&gt;
with the placard: &amp;quot;Chambers to let,&amp;quot; chanced to be, a rare thing,&lt;br /&gt;
inhabited by numerous individuals who, however, as is always the case in&lt;br /&gt;
Paris, had no connection with each other. All belonged to that indigent&lt;br /&gt;
class which begins to separate from the lowest of petty bourgeoisie in&lt;br /&gt;
straitened circumstances, and which extends from misery to misery into the&lt;br /&gt;
lowest depths of society down to those two beings in whom all the material&lt;br /&gt;
things of civilization end, the sewer-man who sweeps up the mud, and the&lt;br /&gt;
ragpicker who collects scraps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The &amp;quot;principal lodger&amp;quot; of Jean Valjean's day was dead and had been&lt;br /&gt;
replaced by another exactly like her. I know not what philosopher has&lt;br /&gt;
said: &amp;quot;Old women are never lacking.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This new old woman was named Madame Bourgon, and had nothing remarkable&lt;br /&gt;
about her life except a dynasty of three paroquets, who had reigned in&lt;br /&gt;
succession over her soul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The most miserable of those who inhabited the hovel were a family of four&lt;br /&gt;
persons, consisting of father, mother, and two daughters, already well&lt;br /&gt;
grown, all four of whom were lodged in the same attic, one of the cells&lt;br /&gt;
which we have already mentioned.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At first sight, this family presented no very special feature except its&lt;br /&gt;
extreme destitution; the father, when he hired the chamber, had stated&lt;br /&gt;
that his name was Jondrette. Some time after his moving in, which had&lt;br /&gt;
borne a singular resemblance to the entrance of nothing at all, to borrow&lt;br /&gt;
the memorable expression of the principal tenant, this Jondrette had said&lt;br /&gt;
to the woman, who, like her predecessor, was at the same time portress and&lt;br /&gt;
stair-sweeper: &amp;quot;Mother So-and-So, if any one should chance to come and&lt;br /&gt;
inquire for a Pole or an Italian, or even a Spaniard, perchance, it is I.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This family was that of the merry barefoot boy. He arrived there and found&lt;br /&gt;
distress, and, what is still sadder, no smile; a cold hearth and cold&lt;br /&gt;
hearts. When he entered, he was asked: &amp;quot;Whence come you?&amp;quot; He replied:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;From the street.&amp;quot; When he went away, they asked him: &amp;quot;Whither are you&lt;br /&gt;
going?&amp;quot; He replied: &amp;quot;Into the streets.&amp;quot; His mother said to him: &amp;quot;What did&lt;br /&gt;
you come here for?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This child lived, in this absence of affection, like the pale plants which&lt;br /&gt;
spring up in cellars. It did not cause him suffering, and he blamed no&lt;br /&gt;
one. He did not know exactly how a father and mother should be.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, his mother loved his sisters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
We have forgotten to mention, that on the Boulevard du Temple this child&lt;br /&gt;
was called Little Gavroche. Why was he called Little Gavroche?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Probably because his father's name was Jondrette.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It seems to be the instinct of certain wretched families to break the&lt;br /&gt;
thread.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The chamber which the Jondrettes inhabited in the Gorbeau hovel was the&lt;br /&gt;
last at the end of the corridor. The cell next to it was occupied by a&lt;br /&gt;
very poor young man who was called M. Marius.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Let us explain who this M. Marius was.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
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