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		<title>Historymaker: Created page with &quot;Les Mis&amp;eacute;rables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book Seventh: Parenthesis, Chapter 3: On What Conditions One can respect the Past&lt;br /&gt; (Tome 2: Cosette, Livre septi&amp;egrave;me: Pare...&quot;</title>
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		<updated>2014-03-02T20:32:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Les Misérables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book Seventh: Parenthesis, Chapter 3: On What Conditions One can respect the Past&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 2: Cosette, Livre septième: Pare...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book Seventh: Parenthesis, Chapter 3: On What Conditions One can respect the Past&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 2: Cosette, Livre septi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Parenth&amp;amp;egrave;se, Chapitre 3: &amp;amp;Agrave; quelle condition on peut respecter le pass&amp;amp;eacute;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le monachisme, tel qu'il existait en Espagne et tel qu'il existe au&lt;br /&gt;
Thibet, est pour la civilisation une sorte de phtisie. Il arr&amp;amp;ecirc;te net la&lt;br /&gt;
vie. Il d&amp;amp;eacute;peuple, tout simplement. Claustration, castration. Il a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
fl&amp;amp;eacute;au en Europe. Ajoutez &amp;amp;agrave; cela la violence si souvent faite &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
conscience, les vocations forc&amp;amp;eacute;es, la f&amp;amp;eacute;odalit&amp;amp;eacute; s'appuyant au clo&amp;amp;icirc;tre,&lt;br /&gt;
l'a&amp;amp;icirc;nesse versant dans le monachisme le trop-plein de la famille, les&lt;br /&gt;
f&amp;amp;eacute;rocit&amp;amp;eacute;s dont nous venons de parler, les ''in-pace'', les bouches closes,&lt;br /&gt;
les cerveaux mur&amp;amp;eacute;s, tant d'intelligences infortun&amp;amp;eacute;es mises au cachot des&lt;br /&gt;
v&amp;amp;oelig;ux &amp;amp;eacute;ternels, la prise d'habit, enterrement des &amp;amp;acirc;mes toutes vives.&lt;br /&gt;
Ajoutez les supplices individuels aux d&amp;amp;eacute;gradations nationales, et, qui&lt;br /&gt;
que vous soyez, vous vous sentirez tressaillir devant le froc et le&lt;br /&gt;
voile, ces deux suaires d'invention humaine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Pourtant, sur certains points et en certains lieux, en d&amp;amp;eacute;pit de la&lt;br /&gt;
philosophie, en d&amp;amp;eacute;pit du progr&amp;amp;egrave;s, l'esprit claustral persiste en plein&lt;br /&gt;
dix-neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, et une bizarre recrudescence asc&amp;amp;eacute;tique &amp;amp;eacute;tonne en ce&lt;br /&gt;
moment le monde civilis&amp;amp;eacute;. L'ent&amp;amp;ecirc;tement des institutions vieillies &amp;amp;agrave; se&lt;br /&gt;
perp&amp;amp;eacute;tuer ressemble &amp;amp;agrave; l'obstination du parfum ranci qui r&amp;amp;eacute;clamerait&lt;br /&gt;
notre chevelure, &amp;amp;agrave; la pr&amp;amp;eacute;tention du poisson g&amp;amp;acirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; qui voudrait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
mang&amp;amp;eacute;, &amp;amp;agrave; la pers&amp;amp;eacute;cution du v&amp;amp;ecirc;tement d'enfant qui voudrait habiller&lt;br /&gt;
l'homme, et &amp;amp;agrave; la tendresse des cadavres qui reviendraient embrasser les&lt;br /&gt;
vivants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ingrats! dit le v&amp;amp;ecirc;tement, je vous ai prot&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute;s dans le mauvais temps,&lt;br /&gt;
pourquoi ne voulez-vous plus de moi? Je viens de la pleine mer, dit le&lt;br /&gt;
poisson. J'ai &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; la rose, dit le parfum. Je vous ai aim&amp;amp;eacute;s, dit le&lt;br /&gt;
cadavre. Je vous ai civilis&amp;amp;eacute;s, dit le couvent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; cela une seule r&amp;amp;eacute;ponse: Jadis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
R&amp;amp;ecirc;ver la prolongation ind&amp;amp;eacute;finie des choses d&amp;amp;eacute;funtes et le gouvernement&lt;br /&gt;
des hommes par embaumement, restaurer les dogmes en mauvais &amp;amp;eacute;tat,&lt;br /&gt;
redorer les ch&amp;amp;acirc;sses, recr&amp;amp;eacute;pir les clo&amp;amp;icirc;tres, reb&amp;amp;eacute;nir les reliquaires,&lt;br /&gt;
remeubler les superstitions, ravitailler les fanatismes, remmancher les&lt;br /&gt;
goupillons et les sabres, reconstituer le monachisme et le militarisme,&lt;br /&gt;
croire au salut de la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; par la multiplication des parasites,&lt;br /&gt;
imposer le pass&amp;amp;eacute; au pr&amp;amp;eacute;sent, cela semble &amp;amp;eacute;trange. Il y a cependant des&lt;br /&gt;
th&amp;amp;eacute;oriciens pour ces th&amp;amp;eacute;ories-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Ces th&amp;amp;eacute;oriciens, gens d'esprit&lt;br /&gt;
d'ailleurs, ont un proc&amp;amp;eacute;d&amp;amp;eacute; bien simple, ils appliquent sur le pass&amp;amp;eacute; un&lt;br /&gt;
enduit qu'ils appellent ordre social, droit divin, morale, famille,&lt;br /&gt;
respect des a&amp;amp;iuml;eux, autorit&amp;amp;eacute; antique, tradition sainte, l&amp;amp;eacute;gitimit&amp;amp;eacute;,&lt;br /&gt;
religion; et ils vont criant:&amp;amp;mdash;Voyez! prenez ceci, honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tes gens.&amp;amp;mdash;Cette&lt;br /&gt;
logique &amp;amp;eacute;tait connue des anciens. Les aruspices la pratiquaient. Ils&lt;br /&gt;
frottaient de craie une g&amp;amp;eacute;nisse noire, et disaient: Elle est blanche.&lt;br /&gt;
''Bos cretatus''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; nous, nous respectons &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; et nous &amp;amp;eacute;pargnons partout le&lt;br /&gt;
pass&amp;amp;eacute;, pourvu qu'il consente &amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;ecirc;tre mort. S'il veut &amp;amp;ecirc;tre vivant, nous&lt;br /&gt;
l'attaquons, et nous t&amp;amp;acirc;chons de le tuer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Superstitions, bigotismes, cagotismes, pr&amp;amp;eacute;jug&amp;amp;eacute;s, ces larves, toutes&lt;br /&gt;
larves qu'elles sont, sont tenaces &amp;amp;agrave; la vie, elles ont des dents et des&lt;br /&gt;
ongles dans leur fum&amp;amp;eacute;e, et il faut les &amp;amp;eacute;treindre corps &amp;amp;agrave; corps, et leur&lt;br /&gt;
faire la guerre, et la leur faire sans tr&amp;amp;ecirc;ve, car c'est une des&lt;br /&gt;
fatalit&amp;amp;eacute;s de l'humanit&amp;amp;eacute; d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre condamn&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;ternel combat des&lt;br /&gt;
fant&amp;amp;ocirc;mes. L'ombre est difficile &amp;amp;agrave; prendre &amp;amp;agrave; la gorge et &amp;amp;agrave; terrasser.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un couvent en France, en plein midi du dix-neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, c'est un&lt;br /&gt;
coll&amp;amp;egrave;ge de hiboux faisant face au jour. Un clo&amp;amp;icirc;tre, en flagrant d&amp;amp;eacute;lit&lt;br /&gt;
d'asc&amp;amp;eacute;tisme au beau milieu de la cit&amp;amp;eacute; de 89, de 1830 et de 1848, Rome&lt;br /&gt;
s'&amp;amp;eacute;panouissant dans Paris, c'est un anachronisme. En temps ordinaire,&lt;br /&gt;
pour dissoudre un anachronisme et le faire &amp;amp;eacute;vanouir, on n'a qu'&amp;amp;agrave; lui&lt;br /&gt;
faire &amp;amp;eacute;peler le mill&amp;amp;eacute;sime. Mais nous ne sommes point en temps ordinaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Combattons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Combattons, mais distinguons. Le propre de la v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;, c'est de n'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
jamais excessive. Quel besoin a-t-elle d'exag&amp;amp;eacute;rer? Il y a ce qu'il faut&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;truire, et il y a ce qu'il faut simplement &amp;amp;eacute;clairer et regarder.&lt;br /&gt;
L'examen bienveillant et grave, quelle force! N'apportons point la&lt;br /&gt;
flamme l&amp;amp;agrave; o&amp;amp;ugrave; la lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re suffit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Donc, le dix-neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle &amp;amp;eacute;tant donn&amp;amp;eacute;, nous sommes contraire, en&lt;br /&gt;
th&amp;amp;egrave;se g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;rale, et chez tous les peuples, en Asie comme en Europe, dans&lt;br /&gt;
l'Inde comme en Turquie, aux claustrations asc&amp;amp;eacute;tiques. Qui dit couvent&lt;br /&gt;
dit marais. Leur putrescibilit&amp;amp;eacute; est &amp;amp;eacute;vidente, leur stagnation est&lt;br /&gt;
malsaine, leur fermentation enfi&amp;amp;egrave;vre les peuples et les &amp;amp;eacute;tiole; leur&lt;br /&gt;
multiplication devient plaie d'&amp;amp;Eacute;gypte. Nous ne pouvons penser sans&lt;br /&gt;
effroi &amp;amp;agrave; ces pays o&amp;amp;ugrave; les fakirs, les bonzes, les santons, les caloyers,&lt;br /&gt;
les marabouts, les talapoins et les derviches pullulent jusqu'au&lt;br /&gt;
fourmillement vermineux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cela dit, la question religieuse subsiste. Cette question a de certains&lt;br /&gt;
c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieux, presque redoutables; qu'il nous soit permis de la&lt;br /&gt;
regarder fixement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Monasticism, such as it existed in Spain, and such as it still exists in&lt;br /&gt;
Thibet, is a sort of phthisis for civilization. It stops life short. It&lt;br /&gt;
simply depopulates. Claustration, castration. It has been the scourge of&lt;br /&gt;
Europe. Add to this the violence so often done to the conscience, the&lt;br /&gt;
forced vocations, feudalism bolstered up by the cloister, the right of the&lt;br /&gt;
first-born pouring the excess of the family into monasticism, the&lt;br /&gt;
ferocities of which we have just spoken, the in pace, the closed mouths,&lt;br /&gt;
the walled-up brains, so many unfortunate minds placed in the dungeon of&lt;br /&gt;
eternal vows, the taking of the habit, the interment of living souls. Add&lt;br /&gt;
individual tortures to national degradations, and, whoever you may be, you&lt;br /&gt;
will shudder before the frock and the veil,&amp;amp;mdash;those two winding-sheets&lt;br /&gt;
of human devising. Nevertheless, at certain points and in certain places,&lt;br /&gt;
in spite of philosophy, in spite of progress, the spirit of the cloister&lt;br /&gt;
persists in the midst of the nineteenth century, and a singular ascetic&lt;br /&gt;
recrudescence is, at this moment, astonishing the civilized world. The&lt;br /&gt;
obstinacy of antiquated institutions in perpetuating themselves resembles&lt;br /&gt;
the stubbornness of the rancid perfume which should claim our hair, the&lt;br /&gt;
pretensions of the spoiled fish which should persist in being eaten, the&lt;br /&gt;
persecution of the child's garment which should insist on clothing the&lt;br /&gt;
man, the tenderness of corpses which should return to embrace the living.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ingrates!&amp;quot; says the garment, &amp;quot;I protected you in inclement weather. Why&lt;br /&gt;
will you have nothing to do with me?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;I have just come from the deep&lt;br /&gt;
sea,&amp;quot; says the fish. &amp;quot;I have been a rose,&amp;quot; says the perfume. &amp;quot;I have loved&lt;br /&gt;
you,&amp;quot; says the corpse. &amp;quot;I have civilized you,&amp;quot; says the convent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
To this there is but one reply: &amp;quot;In former days.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
To dream of the indefinite prolongation of defunct things, and of the&lt;br /&gt;
government of men by embalming, to restore dogmas in a bad condition, to&lt;br /&gt;
regild shrines, to patch up cloisters, to rebless reliquaries, to&lt;br /&gt;
refurnish superstitions, to revictual fanaticisms, to put new handles on&lt;br /&gt;
holy water brushes and militarism, to reconstitute monasticism and&lt;br /&gt;
militarism, to believe in the salvation of society by the multiplication&lt;br /&gt;
of parasites, to force the past on the present,&amp;amp;mdash;this seems strange.&lt;br /&gt;
Still, there are theorists who hold such theories. These theorists, who&lt;br /&gt;
are in other respects people of intelligence, have a very simple process;&lt;br /&gt;
they apply to the past a glazing which they call social order, divine&lt;br /&gt;
right, morality, family, the respect of elders, antique authority, sacred&lt;br /&gt;
tradition, legitimacy, religion; and they go about shouting, &amp;quot;Look! take&lt;br /&gt;
this, honest people.&amp;quot; This logic was known to the ancients. The&lt;br /&gt;
soothsayers practise it. They rubbed a black heifer over with chalk, and&lt;br /&gt;
said, &amp;quot;She is white, Bos cretatus.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As for us, we respect the past here and there, and we spare it, above all,&lt;br /&gt;
provided that it consents to be dead. If it insists on being alive, we&lt;br /&gt;
attack it, and we try to kill it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Superstitions, bigotries, affected devotion, prejudices, those forms all&lt;br /&gt;
forms as they are, are tenacious of life; they have teeth and nails in&lt;br /&gt;
their smoke, and they must be clasped close, body to body, and war must be&lt;br /&gt;
made on them, and that without truce; for it is one of the fatalities of&lt;br /&gt;
humanity to be condemned to eternal combat with phantoms. It is difficult&lt;br /&gt;
to seize darkness by the throat, and to hurl it to the earth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A convent in France, in the broad daylight of the nineteenth century, is a&lt;br /&gt;
college of owls facing the light. A cloister, caught in the very act of&lt;br /&gt;
asceticism, in the very heart of the city of '89 and of 1830 and of 1848,&lt;br /&gt;
Rome blossoming out in Paris, is an anachronism. In ordinary times, in&lt;br /&gt;
order to dissolve an anachronism and to cause it to vanish, one has only&lt;br /&gt;
to make it spell out the date. But we are not in ordinary times.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Let us fight.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Let us fight, but let us make a distinction. The peculiar property of&lt;br /&gt;
truth is never to commit excesses. What need has it of exaggeration? There&lt;br /&gt;
is that which it is necessary to destroy, and there is that which it is&lt;br /&gt;
simply necessary to elucidate and examine. What a force is kindly and&lt;br /&gt;
serious examination! Let us not apply a flame where only a light is&lt;br /&gt;
required.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
So, given the nineteenth century, we are opposed, as a general&lt;br /&gt;
proposition, and among all peoples, in Asia as well as in Europe, in India&lt;br /&gt;
as well as in Turkey, to ascetic claustration. Whoever says cloister, says&lt;br /&gt;
marsh. Their putrescence is evident, their stagnation is unhealthy, their&lt;br /&gt;
fermentation infects people with fever, and etiolates them; their&lt;br /&gt;
multiplication becomes a plague of Egypt. We cannot think without affright&lt;br /&gt;
of those lands where fakirs, bonzes, santons, Greek monks, marabouts,&lt;br /&gt;
talapoins, and dervishes multiply even like swarms of vermin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This said, the religious question remains. This question has certain&lt;br /&gt;
mysterious, almost formidable sides; may we be permitted to look at it&lt;br /&gt;
fixedly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
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