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	<id>http://chanvrerie.net/lmap/history/Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16?feed=atom</id>
	<title>Volume 2/Book 1/Chapter 16 - Revision history</title>
	<link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://chanvrerie.net/lmap/history/Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16?feed=atom"/>
	<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/lmap/history/Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16"/>
	<updated>2026-04-06T08:04:16Z</updated>
	<subtitle>Revision history for this page on the wiki</subtitle>
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	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=519&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* Textual notes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=519&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-22T18:37:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Textual notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:37, 22 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l418&quot; &gt;Line 418:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 418:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&amp;quot;For Napoleon it was a panic&amp;quot;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&amp;quot;For Napoleon it was a panic&amp;quot;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;A battle terminated, a day finished, false measures repaired, greater successes assured for the morrow,—all was lost by a moment of panic, terror.&amp;quot;—Napoleon, Dictees de Sainte Helene.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;A battle terminated, a day finished, false measures repaired, greater successes assured for the morrow,—all was lost by a moment of panic, terror.&amp;quot;—Napoleon, Dictees de Sainte Helene.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;The '''quine''' won by Europe, paid by France.&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Five winning numbers in a lottery&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=518&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* English text */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=518&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-22T18:36:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;English text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:36, 22 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l255&quot; &gt;Line 255:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 255:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The quine &lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[11]]&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The quine&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;won by Europe, paid by France.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;won by Europe, paid by France.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=517&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* &quot;For Napoleon it was a panic&quot; */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=517&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-22T18:36:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;For Napoleon it was a panic&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
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				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:36, 22 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l417&quot; &gt;Line 417:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 417:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&amp;quot;For Napoleon it was a panic&amp;quot;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===&amp;quot;For Napoleon it was a panic&amp;quot;===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt; &lt;/del&gt;&amp;quot;A battle terminated, a day finished, false measures repaired, greater successes assured for the morrow,—all was lost by a moment of panic, terror.&amp;quot;—Napoleon, Dictees de Sainte Helene.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;quot;A battle terminated, a day finished, false measures repaired, greater successes assured for the morrow,—all was lost by a moment of panic, terror.&amp;quot;—Napoleon, Dictees de Sainte Helene.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=516&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* Textual notes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=516&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-22T18:35:57Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Textual notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
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				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:35, 22 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l415&quot; &gt;Line 415:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 415:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;For Napoleon it was a panic&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt; &amp;quot;A battle terminated, a day finished, false measures repaired, greater successes assured for the morrow,—all was lost by a moment of panic, terror.&amp;quot;—Napoleon, Dictees de Sainte Helene.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=515&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* English text */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=515&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-22T18:35:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;English text&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:35, 22 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l210&quot; &gt;Line 210:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 210:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160; &amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The battle of Waterloo is an enigma. It is as obscure to those who won it&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;The battle of Waterloo is an enigma. It is as obscure to those who won it&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;as to those who lost it. For Napoleon it was a panic;&lt;del class=&quot;diffchange diffchange-inline&quot;&gt;[[10]] &lt;/del&gt;Blucher sees nothing in it&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;as to those who lost it. For Napoleon it was a panic; Blucher sees nothing in it&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;but fire; Wellington understands nothing in regard to it. Look at the&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;but fire; Wellington understands nothing in regard to it. Look at the&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;reports. The bulletins are confused, the commentaries involved. Some&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;reports. The bulletins are confused, the commentaries involved. Some&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l407&quot; &gt;Line 407:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 407:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Frischemont, Papelotte, Plancenoit, appear confusedly crowned with&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Frischemont, Papelotte, Plancenoit, appear confusedly crowned with&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;whirlwinds of spectres engaged in exterminating each other.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;whirlwinds of spectres engaged in exterminating each other.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=186&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* Translation notes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=186&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T18:12:20Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Translation notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 18:12, 2 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l410&quot; &gt;Line 410:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 410:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Quot Libras in Duce?===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;How much does a general weigh?&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=185&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: Created page with &quot;Les Mis&amp;eacute;rables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book First: Waterloo, Chapter 16: Quot Libras in Duce?&lt;br /&gt; (Tome 2: Cosette, Livre premier: Waterloo, Chapitre 16: Quot Libras in D...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1/Chapter_16&amp;diff=185&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T18:11:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Les Misérables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book First: Waterloo, Chapter 16: Quot Libras in Duce?&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 2: Cosette, Livre premier: Waterloo, Chapitre 16: Quot Libras in D...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book First: Waterloo, Chapter 16: Quot Libras in Duce?&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 2: Cosette, Livre premier: Waterloo, Chapitre 16: Quot Libras in Duce?)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La bataille de Waterloo est une &amp;amp;eacute;nigme. Elle est aussi obscure pour ceux&lt;br /&gt;
qui l'ont gagn&amp;amp;eacute;e que pour celui qui l'a perdue. Pour Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on, c'est une&lt;br /&gt;
panique. Bl&amp;amp;uuml;cher n'y voit que du feu; Wellington n'y comprend rien.&lt;br /&gt;
Voyez les rapports. Les bulletins sont confus, les commentaires sont&lt;br /&gt;
embrouill&amp;amp;eacute;s. Ceux-ci balbutient, ceux-l&amp;amp;agrave; b&amp;amp;eacute;gayent. Jomini partage la&lt;br /&gt;
bataille de Waterloo en quatre moments; Muffling la coupe en trois&lt;br /&gt;
p&amp;amp;eacute;rip&amp;amp;eacute;ties; Charras, quoique sur quelques points nous ayons une autre&lt;br /&gt;
appr&amp;amp;eacute;ciation que lui, a seul saisi de son fier coup d'&amp;amp;oelig;il les&lt;br /&gt;
lin&amp;amp;eacute;aments caract&amp;amp;eacute;ristiques de cette catastrophe du g&amp;amp;eacute;nie humain aux&lt;br /&gt;
prises avec le hasard divin. Tous les autres historiens ont un certain&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;blouissement, et dans cet &amp;amp;eacute;blouissement ils t&amp;amp;acirc;tonnent. Journ&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
fulgurante, en effet, &amp;amp;eacute;croulement de la monarchie militaire qui, &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
grande stupeur des rois, a entra&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; tous les royaumes, chute de la&lt;br /&gt;
force, d&amp;amp;eacute;route de la guerre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Dans cet &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;nement, empreint de n&amp;amp;eacute;cessit&amp;amp;eacute; surhumaine, la part des hommes&lt;br /&gt;
n'est rien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Retirer Waterloo &amp;amp;agrave; Wellington et &amp;amp;agrave; Bl&amp;amp;uuml;cher, est-ce &amp;amp;ocirc;ter quelque chose &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'Angleterre et &amp;amp;agrave; l'Allemagne? Non. Ni cette illustre Angleterre ni&lt;br /&gt;
cette auguste Allemagne ne sont en question dans le probl&amp;amp;egrave;me de&lt;br /&gt;
Waterloo. Gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce au ciel, les peuples sont grands en dehors des lugubres&lt;br /&gt;
aventures de l'&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;e. Ni l'Allemagne, ni l'Angleterre, ni la France, ne&lt;br /&gt;
tiennent dans un fourreau. Dans cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque o&amp;amp;ugrave; Waterloo n'est qu'un&lt;br /&gt;
cliquetis de sabres, au-dessus de Bl&amp;amp;uuml;cher l'Allemagne &amp;amp;agrave; Goethe et&lt;br /&gt;
au-dessus de Wellington l'Angleterre &amp;amp;agrave; Byron. Un vaste lever d'id&amp;amp;eacute;es est&lt;br /&gt;
propre &amp;amp;agrave; notre si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, et dans cette aurore l'Angleterre et l'Allemagne&lt;br /&gt;
ont leur lueur magnifique. Elles sont majestueuses par ce qu'elles&lt;br /&gt;
pensent. L'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;vation de niveau qu'elles apportent &amp;amp;agrave; la civilisation leur&lt;br /&gt;
est intrins&amp;amp;egrave;que; il vient d'elles-m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes, et non d'un accident. Ce&lt;br /&gt;
qu'elles ont d'agrandissement au dix-neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle n'a point Waterloo&lt;br /&gt;
pour source. Il n'y a que les peuples barbares qui aient des crues&lt;br /&gt;
subites apr&amp;amp;egrave;s une victoire. C'est la vanit&amp;amp;eacute; passag&amp;amp;egrave;re des torrents&lt;br /&gt;
enfl&amp;amp;eacute;s d'un orage. Les peuples civilis&amp;amp;eacute;s, surtout au temps o&amp;amp;ugrave; nous&lt;br /&gt;
sommes, ne se haussent ni ne s'abaissent par la bonne ou mauvaise&lt;br /&gt;
fortune d'un capitaine. Leur poids sp&amp;amp;eacute;cifique dans le genre humain&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;sulte de quelque chose de plus qu'un combat. Leur honneur, Dieu merci,&lt;br /&gt;
leur dignit&amp;amp;eacute;, leur lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re, leur g&amp;amp;eacute;nie, ne sont pas des num&amp;amp;eacute;ros que les&lt;br /&gt;
h&amp;amp;eacute;ros et les conqu&amp;amp;eacute;rants, ces joueurs, peuvent mettre &amp;amp;agrave; la loterie des&lt;br /&gt;
batailles. Souvent bataille perdue, progr&amp;amp;egrave;s conquis. Moins de gloire,&lt;br /&gt;
plus de libert&amp;amp;eacute;. Le tambour se tait, la raison prend la parole. C'est le&lt;br /&gt;
jeu &amp;amp;agrave; qui perd gagne. Parlons donc de Waterloo froidement des deux&lt;br /&gt;
c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s. Rendons au hasard ce qui est au hasard et &amp;amp;agrave; Dieu ce qui est &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Dieu. Qu'est-ce que Waterloo? Une victoire? Non. Un quine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quine gagn&amp;amp;eacute; par l'Europe, pay&amp;amp;eacute; par la France.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait pas beaucoup la peine de mettre l&amp;amp;agrave; un lion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Waterloo du reste est la plus &amp;amp;eacute;trange rencontre qui soit dans&lt;br /&gt;
l'histoire. Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on et Wellington. Ce ne sont pas des ennemis, ce sont&lt;br /&gt;
des contraires. Jamais Dieu, qui se pla&amp;amp;icirc;t aux antith&amp;amp;egrave;ses, n'a fait un&lt;br /&gt;
plus saisissant contraste et une confrontation plus extraordinaire. D'un&lt;br /&gt;
c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;, la pr&amp;amp;eacute;cision, la pr&amp;amp;eacute;vision, la g&amp;amp;eacute;om&amp;amp;eacute;trie, la prudence, la retraite&lt;br /&gt;
assur&amp;amp;eacute;e, les r&amp;amp;eacute;serves m&amp;amp;eacute;nag&amp;amp;eacute;es, un sang-froid opini&amp;amp;acirc;tre, une m&amp;amp;eacute;thode&lt;br /&gt;
imperturbable, la strat&amp;amp;eacute;gie qui profite du terrain, la tactique qui&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;quilibre les bataillons, le carnage tir&amp;amp;eacute; au cordeau, la guerre r&amp;amp;eacute;gl&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
montre en main, rien laiss&amp;amp;eacute; volontairement au hasard, le vieux courage&lt;br /&gt;
classique, la correction absolue; de l'autre l'intuition, la divination,&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;tranget&amp;amp;eacute; militaire, l'instinct surhumain, le coup d'&amp;amp;oelig;il flamboyant,&lt;br /&gt;
on ne sait quoi qui regarde comme l'aigle et qui frappe comme la foudre,&lt;br /&gt;
un art prodigieux dans une imp&amp;amp;eacute;tuosit&amp;amp;eacute; d&amp;amp;eacute;daigneuse, tous les myst&amp;amp;egrave;res&lt;br /&gt;
d'une &amp;amp;acirc;me profonde, l'association avec le destin, le fleuve, la plaine,&lt;br /&gt;
la for&amp;amp;ecirc;t, la colline, somm&amp;amp;eacute;s et en quelque sorte forc&amp;amp;eacute;s d'ob&amp;amp;eacute;ir, le&lt;br /&gt;
despote allant jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; tyranniser le champ de bataille, la foi &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;toile m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; la science strat&amp;amp;eacute;gique, la grandissant, mais la&lt;br /&gt;
troublant. Wellington &amp;amp;eacute;tait le ''Bar&amp;amp;egrave;me'' de la guerre, Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on en &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
le ''Michel-Ange''; et cette fois le g&amp;amp;eacute;nie fut vaincu par le calcul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Des deux c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s on attendait quelqu'un. Ce fut le calculateur exact qui&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;ussit. Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on attendait Grouchy; il ne vint pas. Wellington&lt;br /&gt;
attendait Bl&amp;amp;uuml;cher; il vint.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Wellington, c'est la guerre classique qui prend sa revanche. Bonaparte,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; son aurore, l'avait rencontr&amp;amp;eacute;e en Italie, et superbement battue. La&lt;br /&gt;
vieille chouette avait fui devant le jeune vautour. L'ancienne tactique&lt;br /&gt;
avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; non seulement foudroy&amp;amp;eacute;e, mais scandalis&amp;amp;eacute;e. Qu'&amp;amp;eacute;tait-ce que ce&lt;br /&gt;
Corse de vingt-six ans, que signifiait cet ignorant splendide qui, ayant&lt;br /&gt;
tout contre lui, rien pour lui, sans vivres, sans munitions, sans&lt;br /&gt;
canons, sans souliers, presque sans arm&amp;amp;eacute;e, avec une poign&amp;amp;eacute;e d'hommes&lt;br /&gt;
contre des masses, se ruait sur l'Europe coalis&amp;amp;eacute;e, et gagnait&lt;br /&gt;
absurdement des victoires dans l'impossible? D'o&amp;amp;ugrave; sortait ce forcen&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
foudroyant qui, presque sans reprendre haleine, et avec le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me jeu de&lt;br /&gt;
combattants dans la main, pulv&amp;amp;eacute;risait l'une apr&amp;amp;egrave;s l'autre les cinq&lt;br /&gt;
arm&amp;amp;eacute;es de l'empereur d'Allemagne, culbutant Beaulieu sur Alvinzi,&lt;br /&gt;
Wurmser sur Beaulieu, M&amp;amp;eacute;las sur Wurmser, Mack sur M&amp;amp;eacute;las? Qu'&amp;amp;eacute;tait-ce que&lt;br /&gt;
ce nouveau venu de la guerre ayant l'effronterie d'un astre? L'&amp;amp;eacute;cole&lt;br /&gt;
acad&amp;amp;eacute;mique militaire l'excommuniait en l&amp;amp;acirc;chant pied. De l&amp;amp;agrave; une&lt;br /&gt;
implacable rancune du vieux c&amp;amp;eacute;sarisme contre le nouveau, du sabre&lt;br /&gt;
correct contre l'&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;e flamboyante, et de l'&amp;amp;eacute;chiquier contre le g&amp;amp;eacute;nie. Le&lt;br /&gt;
18 juin 1815, cette rancune eut le dernier mot, et au-dessous de Lodi,&lt;br /&gt;
de Montebello, de Montenotte, de Mantoue, de Marengo, d'Arcole, elle&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;crivit: Waterloo. Triomphe des m&amp;amp;eacute;diocres, doux aux majorit&amp;amp;eacute;s. Le destin&lt;br /&gt;
consentit &amp;amp;agrave; cette ironie. &amp;amp;Agrave; son d&amp;amp;eacute;clin, Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on retrouva devant lui&lt;br /&gt;
Wurmser jeune.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Pour avoir Wurmser en effet, il suff&amp;amp;icirc;t de blanchir les cheveux de&lt;br /&gt;
Wellington.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Waterloo est une bataille du premier ordre gagn&amp;amp;eacute;e par un capitaine du&lt;br /&gt;
second.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce qu'il faut admirer dans la bataille de Waterloo, c'est l'Angleterre,&lt;br /&gt;
c'est la fermet&amp;amp;eacute; anglaise, c'est la r&amp;amp;eacute;solution anglaise, c'est le sang&lt;br /&gt;
anglais; ce que l'Angleterre a eu l&amp;amp;agrave; de superbe, ne lui en d&amp;amp;eacute;plaise,&lt;br /&gt;
c'est elle-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me. Ce n'est pas son capitaine, c'est son arm&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Wellington, bizarrement ingrat, d&amp;amp;eacute;clare dans une lettre &amp;amp;agrave; lord Bathurst&lt;br /&gt;
que son arm&amp;amp;eacute;e, l'arm&amp;amp;eacute;e qui a combattu le 18 juin 1815, &amp;amp;eacute;tait une&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;d&amp;amp;eacute;testable arm&amp;amp;eacute;e&amp;amp;raquo;. Qu'en pense cette sombre m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;e d'ossements enfouis&lt;br /&gt;
sous les sillons de Waterloo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'Angleterre a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; trop modeste vis-&amp;amp;agrave;-vis de Wellington. Faire&lt;br /&gt;
Wellington si grand, c'est faire l'Angleterre petite. Wellington n'est&lt;br /&gt;
qu'un h&amp;amp;eacute;ros comme un autre. Ces &amp;amp;Eacute;cossais gris, ces horse-guards, ces&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;giments de Maitland et de Mitchell, cette infanterie de Pack et de&lt;br /&gt;
Kempt, cette cavalerie de Ponsonby et de Somerset, ces highlanders&lt;br /&gt;
jouant du ''pibroch'' sous la mitraille, ces bataillons de Rylandt, ces&lt;br /&gt;
recrues toutes fra&amp;amp;icirc;ches qui savaient &amp;amp;agrave; peine manier le mousquet tenant&lt;br /&gt;
t&amp;amp;ecirc;te aux vieilles bandes d'Essling et de Rivoli, voil&amp;amp;agrave; ce qui est grand.&lt;br /&gt;
Wellington a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; tenace, ce fut l&amp;amp;agrave; son m&amp;amp;eacute;rite, et nous ne le lui&lt;br /&gt;
marchandons pas, mais le moindre de ses fantassins et de ses cavaliers a&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; tout aussi solide que lui. ''L'iron-soldier'' vaut ''l'iron-duke''.&lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; nous, toute notre glorification va au soldat anglais, &amp;amp;agrave; l'arm&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
anglaise, au peuple anglais. Si troph&amp;amp;eacute;e il y a, c'est &amp;amp;agrave; l'Angleterre que&lt;br /&gt;
le troph&amp;amp;eacute;e est d&amp;amp;ucirc;. La colonne de Waterloo serait plus juste si au lieu&lt;br /&gt;
de la figure d'un homme, elle &amp;amp;eacute;levait dans la nue la statue d'un peuple.&lt;br /&gt;
Mais cette grande Angleterre s'irritera de ce que nous disons ici. Elle&lt;br /&gt;
a encore, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s son 1688 et notre 1789, l'illusion f&amp;amp;eacute;odale. Elle croit &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'h&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;dit&amp;amp;eacute; et &amp;amp;agrave; la hi&amp;amp;eacute;rarchie. Ce peuple, qu'aucun ne d&amp;amp;eacute;passe en&lt;br /&gt;
puissance et en gloire, s'estime comme nation, non comme peuple. En tant&lt;br /&gt;
que peuple, il se subordonne volontiers et prend un lord pour une t&amp;amp;ecirc;te.&lt;br /&gt;
Workman, il se laisse d&amp;amp;eacute;daigner; soldat, il se laisse b&amp;amp;acirc;tonner. On se&lt;br /&gt;
souvient qu'&amp;amp;agrave; la bataille d'Inkermann un sergent qui, &amp;amp;agrave; ce qu'il para&amp;amp;icirc;t,&lt;br /&gt;
avait sauv&amp;amp;eacute; l'arm&amp;amp;eacute;e, ne put &amp;amp;ecirc;tre mentionn&amp;amp;eacute; par lord Raglan, la&lt;br /&gt;
hi&amp;amp;eacute;rarchie militaire anglaise ne permettant de citer dans un rapport&lt;br /&gt;
aucun h&amp;amp;eacute;ros au-dessous du grade d'officier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce que nous admirons par-dessus tout, dans une rencontre du genre de&lt;br /&gt;
celle de Waterloo, c'est la prodigieuse habilet&amp;amp;eacute; du hasard. Pluie&lt;br /&gt;
nocturne, mur de Hougomont, chemin creux d'Ohain, Grouchy sourd au&lt;br /&gt;
canon, guide de Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on qui le trompe, guide de B&amp;amp;uuml;low qui l'&amp;amp;eacute;claire;&lt;br /&gt;
tout ce cataclysme est merveilleusement conduit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Au total, disons-le, il y eut &amp;amp;agrave; Waterloo plus de massacre que de&lt;br /&gt;
bataille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Waterloo est de toutes les batailles rang&amp;amp;eacute;es celle qui a le plus petit&lt;br /&gt;
front sur un tel nombre de combattants. Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on, trois quarts de lieue,&lt;br /&gt;
Wellington, une demi-lieue; soixante-douze mille combattants de chaque&lt;br /&gt;
c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;. De cette &amp;amp;eacute;paisseur vint le carnage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On a fait ce calcul et &amp;amp;eacute;tabli cette proportion: Perte d'hommes: &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Austerlitz, Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ais, quatorze pour cent; Russes, trente pour cent,&lt;br /&gt;
Autrichiens, quarante-quatre pour cent. &amp;amp;Agrave; Wagram, Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ais, treize pour&lt;br /&gt;
cent; Autrichiens, quatorze. &amp;amp;Agrave; la Moskowa, Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ais, trente-sept pour&lt;br /&gt;
cent; Russes, quarante-quatre. &amp;amp;Agrave; Bautzen, Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ais, treize pour cent;&lt;br /&gt;
Russes et Prussiens, quatorze. &amp;amp;Agrave; Waterloo, Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ais, cinquante-six pour&lt;br /&gt;
cent; Alli&amp;amp;eacute;s, trente et un. Total pour Waterloo, quarante et un pour&lt;br /&gt;
cent. Cent quarante-quatre mille combattants; soixante mille morts. Le&lt;br /&gt;
champ de Waterloo aujourd'hui a le calme qui appartient &amp;amp;agrave; la terre,&lt;br /&gt;
support impassible de l'homme, et il ressemble &amp;amp;agrave; toutes les plaines.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La nuit pourtant une esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de brume visionnaire s'en d&amp;amp;eacute;gage, et si&lt;br /&gt;
quelque voyageur s'y prom&amp;amp;egrave;ne, s'il regarde, s'il &amp;amp;eacute;coute, s'il r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve comme&lt;br /&gt;
Virgile devant les funestes plaines de Philippes, l'hallucination de la&lt;br /&gt;
catastrophe le saisit. L'effrayant 18 juin revit; la fausse colline&lt;br /&gt;
monument s'efface, ce lion quelconque se dissipe, le champ de bataille&lt;br /&gt;
reprend sa r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute;; des lignes d'infanterie ondulent dans la plaine, des&lt;br /&gt;
galops furieux traversent l'horizon! le songeur effar&amp;amp;eacute; voit l'&amp;amp;eacute;clair des&lt;br /&gt;
sabres, l'&amp;amp;eacute;tincelle des bayonnettes, le flamboiement des bombes,&lt;br /&gt;
l'entre-croisement monstrueux des tonnerres; il entend, comme un r&amp;amp;acirc;le au&lt;br /&gt;
fond d'une tombe, la clameur vague de la bataille fant&amp;amp;ocirc;me; ces ombres,&lt;br /&gt;
ce sont les grenadiers; ces lueurs, ce sont les cuirassiers; ce&lt;br /&gt;
squelette, c'est Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on; ce squelette, c'est Wellington; tout cela&lt;br /&gt;
n'est plus et se heurte et combat encore; et les ravins s'empourprent,&lt;br /&gt;
et les arbres frissonnent, et il y a de la furie jusque dans les nu&amp;amp;eacute;es,&lt;br /&gt;
et, dans les t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres, toutes ces hauteurs farouches, Mont-Saint-Jean,&lt;br /&gt;
Hougomont, Frischemont, Pape-lotte, Plancenoit, apparaissent confus&amp;amp;eacute;ment&lt;br /&gt;
couronn&amp;amp;eacute;es de tourbillons de spectres s'exterminant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The battle of Waterloo is an enigma. It is as obscure to those who won it&lt;br /&gt;
as to those who lost it. For Napoleon it was a panic;[[10]] Blucher sees nothing in it&lt;br /&gt;
but fire; Wellington understands nothing in regard to it. Look at the&lt;br /&gt;
reports. The bulletins are confused, the commentaries involved. Some&lt;br /&gt;
stammer, others lisp. Jomini divides the battle of Waterloo into four&lt;br /&gt;
moments; Muffling cuts it up into three changes; Charras alone, though we&lt;br /&gt;
hold another judgment than his on some points, seized with his haughty&lt;br /&gt;
glance the characteristic outlines of that catastrophe of human genius in&lt;br /&gt;
conflict with divine chance. All the other historians suffer from being&lt;br /&gt;
somewhat dazzled, and in this dazzled state they fumble about. It was a&lt;br /&gt;
day of lightning brilliancy; in fact, a crumbling of the military monarchy&lt;br /&gt;
which, to the vast stupefaction of kings, drew all the kingdoms after it&amp;amp;mdash;the&lt;br /&gt;
fall of force, the defeat of war.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In this event, stamped with superhuman necessity, the part played by men&lt;br /&gt;
amounts to nothing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
If we take Waterloo from Wellington and Blucher, do we thereby deprive&lt;br /&gt;
England and Germany of anything? No. Neither that illustrious England nor&lt;br /&gt;
that august Germany enter into the problem of Waterloo. Thank Heaven,&lt;br /&gt;
nations are great, independently of the lugubrious feats of the sword.&lt;br /&gt;
Neither England, nor Germany, nor France is contained in a scabbard. At&lt;br /&gt;
this epoch when Waterloo is only a clashing of swords, above Blucher,&lt;br /&gt;
Germany has Schiller; above Wellington, England has Byron. A vast dawn of&lt;br /&gt;
ideas is the peculiarity of our century, and in that aurora England and&lt;br /&gt;
Germany have a magnificent radiance. They are majestic because they think.&lt;br /&gt;
The elevation of level which they contribute to civilization is intrinsic&lt;br /&gt;
with them; it proceeds from themselves and not from an accident. The&lt;br /&gt;
aggrandizement which they have brought to the nineteenth century has not&lt;br /&gt;
Waterloo as its source. It is only barbarous peoples who undergo rapid&lt;br /&gt;
growth after a victory. That is the temporary vanity of torrents swelled&lt;br /&gt;
by a storm. Civilized people, especially in our day, are neither elevated&lt;br /&gt;
nor abased by the good or bad fortune of a captain. Their specific gravity&lt;br /&gt;
in the human species results from something more than a combat. Their&lt;br /&gt;
honor, thank God! their dignity, their intelligence, their genius, are not&lt;br /&gt;
numbers which those gamblers, heroes and conquerors, can put in the&lt;br /&gt;
lottery of battles. Often a battle is lost and progress is conquered.&lt;br /&gt;
There is less glory and more liberty. The drum holds its peace; reason&lt;br /&gt;
takes the word. It is a game in which he who loses wins. Let us,&lt;br /&gt;
therefore, speak of Waterloo coldly from both sides. Let us render to&lt;br /&gt;
chance that which is due to chance, and to God that which is due to God.&lt;br /&gt;
What is Waterloo? A victory? No. The winning number in the lottery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The quine [[11]]&lt;br /&gt;
won by Europe, paid by France.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It was not worth while to place a lion there.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Waterloo, moreover, is the strangest encounter in history. Napoleon and&lt;br /&gt;
Wellington. They are not enemies; they are opposites. Never did God, who&lt;br /&gt;
is fond of antitheses, make a more striking contrast, a more extraordinary&lt;br /&gt;
comparison. On one side, precision, foresight, geometry, prudence, an&lt;br /&gt;
assured retreat, reserves spared, with an obstinate coolness, an&lt;br /&gt;
imperturbable method, strategy, which takes advantage of the ground,&lt;br /&gt;
tactics, which preserve the equilibrium of battalions, carnage, executed&lt;br /&gt;
according to rule, war regulated, watch in hand, nothing voluntarily left&lt;br /&gt;
to chance, the ancient classic courage, absolute regularity; on the other,&lt;br /&gt;
intuition, divination, military oddity, superhuman instinct, a flaming&lt;br /&gt;
glance, an indescribable something which gazes like an eagle, and which&lt;br /&gt;
strikes like the lightning, a prodigious art in disdainful impetuosity,&lt;br /&gt;
all the mysteries of a profound soul, associated with destiny; the stream,&lt;br /&gt;
the plain, the forest, the hill, summoned, and in a manner, forced to&lt;br /&gt;
obey, the despot going even so far as to tyrannize over the field of&lt;br /&gt;
battle; faith in a star mingled with strategic science, elevating but&lt;br /&gt;
perturbing it. Wellington was the Bareme of war; Napoleon was its Michael&lt;br /&gt;
Angelo; and on this occasion, genius was vanquished by calculation. On&lt;br /&gt;
both sides some one was awaited. It was the exact calculator who&lt;br /&gt;
succeeded. Napoleon was waiting for Grouchy; he did not come. Wellington&lt;br /&gt;
expected Blucher; he came.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Wellington is classic war taking its revenge. Bonaparte, at his dawning,&lt;br /&gt;
had encountered him in Italy, and beaten him superbly. The old owl had&lt;br /&gt;
fled before the young vulture. The old tactics had been not only struck as&lt;br /&gt;
by lightning, but disgraced. Who was that Corsican of six and twenty? What&lt;br /&gt;
signified that splendid ignoramus, who, with everything against him,&lt;br /&gt;
nothing in his favor, without provisions, without ammunition, without&lt;br /&gt;
cannon, without shoes, almost without an army, with a mere handful of men&lt;br /&gt;
against masses, hurled himself on Europe combined, and absurdly won&lt;br /&gt;
victories in the impossible? Whence had issued that fulminating convict,&lt;br /&gt;
who almost without taking breath, and with the same set of combatants in&lt;br /&gt;
hand, pulverized, one after the other, the five armies of the emperor of&lt;br /&gt;
Germany, upsetting Beaulieu on Alvinzi, Wurmser on Beaulieu, Melas on&lt;br /&gt;
Wurmser, Mack on Melas? Who was this novice in war with the effrontery of&lt;br /&gt;
a luminary? The academical military school excommunicated him, and as it&lt;br /&gt;
lost its footing; hence, the implacable rancor of the old Caesarism&lt;br /&gt;
against the new; of the regular sword against the flaming sword; and of&lt;br /&gt;
the exchequer against genius. On the 18th of June, 1815, that rancor had&lt;br /&gt;
the last word. and beneath Lodi, Montebello, Montenotte, Mantua, Arcola,&lt;br /&gt;
it wrote: Waterloo. A triumph of the mediocres which is sweet to the&lt;br /&gt;
majority. Destiny consented to this irony. In his decline, Napoleon found&lt;br /&gt;
Wurmser, the younger, again in front of him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In fact, to get Wurmser, it sufficed to blanch the hair of Wellington.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Waterloo is a battle of the first order, won by a captain of the second.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
That which must be admired in the battle of Waterloo, is England; the&lt;br /&gt;
English firmness, the English resolution, the English blood; the superb&lt;br /&gt;
thing about England there, no offence to her, was herself. It was not her&lt;br /&gt;
captain; it was her army.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Wellington, oddly ungrateful, declares in a letter to Lord Bathurst, that&lt;br /&gt;
his army, the army which fought on the 18th of June, 1815, was a&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;detestable army.&amp;quot; What does that sombre intermingling of bones buried&lt;br /&gt;
beneath the furrows of Waterloo think of that?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
England has been too modest in the matter of Wellington. To make&lt;br /&gt;
Wellington so great is to belittle England. Wellington is nothing but a&lt;br /&gt;
hero like many another. Those Scotch Grays, those Horse Guards, those&lt;br /&gt;
regiments of Maitland and of Mitchell, that infantry of Pack and Kempt,&lt;br /&gt;
that cavalry of Ponsonby and Somerset, those Highlanders playing the&lt;br /&gt;
pibroch under the shower of grape-shot, those battalions of Rylandt, those&lt;br /&gt;
utterly raw recruits, who hardly knew how to handle a musket holding their&lt;br /&gt;
own against Essling's and Rivoli's old troops,&amp;amp;mdash;that is what was&lt;br /&gt;
grand. Wellington was tenacious; in that lay his merit, and we are not&lt;br /&gt;
seeking to lessen it: but the least of his foot-soldiers and of his&lt;br /&gt;
cavalry would have been as solid as he. The iron soldier is worth as much&lt;br /&gt;
as the Iron Duke. As for us, all our glorification goes to the English&lt;br /&gt;
soldier, to the English army, to the English people. If trophy there be,&lt;br /&gt;
it is to England that the trophy is due. The column of Waterloo would be&lt;br /&gt;
more just, if, instead of the figure of a man, it bore on high the statue&lt;br /&gt;
of a people.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
But this great England will be angry at what we are saying here. She still&lt;br /&gt;
cherishes, after her own 1688 and our 1789, the feudal illusion. She&lt;br /&gt;
believes in heredity and hierarchy. This people, surpassed by none in&lt;br /&gt;
power and glory, regards itself as a nation, and not as a people. And as a&lt;br /&gt;
people, it willingly subordinates itself and takes a lord for its head. As&lt;br /&gt;
a workman, it allows itself to be disdained; as a soldier, it allows&lt;br /&gt;
itself to be flogged.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It will be remembered, that at the battle of Inkermann a sergeant who had,&lt;br /&gt;
it appears, saved the army, could not be mentioned by Lord Paglan, as the&lt;br /&gt;
English military hierarchy does not permit any hero below the grade of an&lt;br /&gt;
officer to be mentioned in the reports.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
That which we admire above all, in an encounter of the nature of Waterloo,&lt;br /&gt;
is the marvellous cleverness of chance. A nocturnal rain, the wall of&lt;br /&gt;
Hougomont, the hollow road of Ohain, Grouchy deaf to the cannon,&lt;br /&gt;
Napoleon's guide deceiving him, Bulow's guide enlightening him,&amp;amp;mdash;the&lt;br /&gt;
whole of this cataclysm is wonderfully conducted.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On the whole, let us say it plainly, it was more of a massacre than of a&lt;br /&gt;
battle at Waterloo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Of all pitched battles, Waterloo is the one which has the smallest front&lt;br /&gt;
for such a number of combatants. Napoleon three-quarters of a league;&lt;br /&gt;
Wellington, half a league; seventy-two thousand combatants on each side.&lt;br /&gt;
From this denseness the carnage arose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The following calculation has been made, and the following proportion&lt;br /&gt;
established: Loss of men: at Austerlitz, French, fourteen per cent;&lt;br /&gt;
Russians, thirty per cent; Austrians, forty-four per cent. At Wagram,&lt;br /&gt;
French, thirteen per cent; Austrians, fourteen. At the Moskowa, French,&lt;br /&gt;
thirty-seven per cent; Russians, forty-four. At Bautzen, French, thirteen&lt;br /&gt;
per cent; Russians and Prussians, fourteen. At Waterloo, French, fifty-six&lt;br /&gt;
per cent; the Allies, thirty-one. Total for Waterloo, forty-one per cent;&lt;br /&gt;
one hundred and forty-four thousand combatants; sixty thousand dead.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
To-day the field of Waterloo has the calm which belongs to the earth, the&lt;br /&gt;
impassive support of man, and it resembles all plains.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At night, moreover, a sort of visionary mist arises from it; and if a&lt;br /&gt;
traveller strolls there, if he listens, if he watches, if he dreams like&lt;br /&gt;
Virgil in the fatal plains of Philippi, the hallucination of the&lt;br /&gt;
catastrophe takes possession of him. The frightful 18th of June lives&lt;br /&gt;
again; the false monumental hillock disappears, the lion vanishes in air,&lt;br /&gt;
the battle-field resumes its reality, lines of infantry undulate over the&lt;br /&gt;
plain, furious gallops traverse the horizon; the frightened dreamer&lt;br /&gt;
beholds the flash of sabres, the gleam of bayonets, the flare of bombs,&lt;br /&gt;
the tremendous interchange of thunders; he hears, as it were, the death&lt;br /&gt;
rattle in the depths of a tomb, the vague clamor of the battle phantom;&lt;br /&gt;
those shadows are grenadiers, those lights are cuirassiers; that skeleton&lt;br /&gt;
Napoleon, that other skeleton is Wellington; all this no longer exists,&lt;br /&gt;
and yet it clashes together and combats still; and the ravines are&lt;br /&gt;
empurpled, and the trees quiver, and there is fury even in the clouds and&lt;br /&gt;
in the shadows; all those terrible heights, Hougomont, Mont-Saint-Jean,&lt;br /&gt;
Frischemont, Papelotte, Plancenoit, appear confusedly crowned with&lt;br /&gt;
whirlwinds of spectres engaged in exterminating each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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