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	<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 8 - Revision history</title>
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	<updated>2026-04-06T08:07:26Z</updated>
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		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=610&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>75.108.216.58: Undo revision 609 by 75.108.216.58 (talk) Sorry--that was copyrighted, so um, forget about it.</title>
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		<updated>2014-08-05T19:32:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Undo revision 609 by &lt;a href=&quot;/lmap/Special:Contributions/75.108.216.58&quot; title=&quot;Special:Contributions/75.108.216.58&quot;&gt;75.108.216.58&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;/lmap/edit/User_talk:75.108.216.58?redlink=1&quot; class=&quot;new&quot; title=&quot;User talk:75.108.216.58 (page does not exist)&quot;&gt;talk&lt;/a&gt;) Sorry--that was copyrighted, so um, forget about it.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
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				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:32, 5 August 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l295&quot; &gt;Line 295:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 295:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the truffled turkey of the poor.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the truffled turkey of the poor.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Epicurus===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Greek philosopher of the third century B.C.E. who advocated the pursuit of contentment in life. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. 'Les Miserables.Trans. Julie Rose. Intro. Adam Gopnik. New York: Modern Library Classics, 2009&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Pigault-Lebrun===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guillame-Charles-Antoine Pigault de l'Épiney (1753-1835), who published under the name Pigault-Lebrun, was known for his scandalously libertine and antireligious writings, largely forgotten today.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;the marquis d'Argent, Pyrrhon, Hobbes, and Monsieur Naigeon&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A comically ignorant hodgepodge of names. The Marquis d'Argen (1704-71) was best known for his wit, largely forgotten today; Pyrrhon (third century B.C.E.) was one of the first of the Greek Skeptic philosophers; the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), one of the most influential European philosophers, is best known for his ''Leviathan'' and for his assertion that life, in the state of nature, is nasty, brutish, and short; Monsieur Naigeon was a publisher and friend of Diderot.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Diderot&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Denis Diderot (1713-84), along with Voltaire and Rousseau one of the greatest figures of the French Englightenment. An archrationalist and atheist, Diderot was best known in his time as the co-editor (with d'Alembert) of the ''Encyclopédie'', the great compendium of Enlightenment rationalism; he was also an essayist, playwright, and novelist. The senator's opinions on Diderot reveal him to be a man of dangerously little knowledge.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;even more of a bigot than Voltaire&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bigot in the sense of the French word ''bigot'', meaning someone of narrow-minded and intolerant religious orthodoxy. If anyone could be less of a bigot than the deist Voltaire, it was the atheist Diderot.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Needham&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Jean Turberville Needham (1713-81) is best remembered today as a target for Voltaire's satire, directed at Needham's belief in spontaneous generation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Tertullian&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A classical writer and early convert to Christianity (ca. 160-240).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Moniteur&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The quasi-official journal of government proceedings from 1799-1901.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Panthéon&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;During the Revolution, the Church of Saint Geneviéve was renamed the Panthéon and dedicated as the mausoleum of the heroes of the nation. The great Revolutionary orator Mirabeau was the first man interred there, followed by the disinterred remains of Voltaire. After being restored to its original purpose as a church by the Restoration government in 1815, the building was converted back into a mausoleum in 1884, just in time to receive the mortal remains of Victor Hugo.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Sardanapalus or Vincent de Paul&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Two antithetical figures. Sardanapalus was, according to legend, the last debauched king of Babylon; Saint Vincent de Paul (1576-1660) founded two religious orders, one of priests, one of nuns, dedicated to active service to the poor. Vincent was known for his personal humility and gently piety.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Cato... Stephen... Joan of Arc&amp;quot;===&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;del style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Three martyrs to principle. The Roman senator Cato the Younger (95-46 B.C.E.) fled Rome and later killed himself rather than submit willingly to Julius Caesar; Saint Stephen was martyred by stoning in first-century Jerusalem; Saint Joan of Arc, &amp;quot;the maid of Orléans,&amp;quot; was a peasant girl from Lorraine who presented herself to the court of king Charles VIII and announced that God had sent her to drive the English out of France. After leading the French army to a near-total victory, Joan was abandoned to the English, who tried her as a heretic and burned her at the stake in 1431.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/del&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l355&quot; &gt;Line 355:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 320:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>75.108.216.58</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=609&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>75.108.216.58: Added textual notes from the Julie Rose translation.</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=609&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-08-05T19:29:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Added textual notes from the Julie Rose translation.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 19:29, 5 August 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l295&quot; &gt;Line 295:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 295:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the truffled turkey of the poor.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;the truffled turkey of the poor.&amp;quot;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Epicurus===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Greek philosopher of the third century B.C.E. who advocated the pursuit of contentment in life. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. 'Les Miserables.Trans. Julie Rose. Intro. Adam Gopnik. New York: Modern Library Classics, 2009&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Pigault-Lebrun===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Guillame-Charles-Antoine Pigault de l'Épiney (1753-1835), who published under the name Pigault-Lebrun, was known for his scandalously libertine and antireligious writings, largely forgotten today.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;the marquis d'Argent, Pyrrhon, Hobbes, and Monsieur Naigeon&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A comically ignorant hodgepodge of names. The Marquis d'Argen (1704-71) was best known for his wit, largely forgotten today; Pyrrhon (third century B.C.E.) was one of the first of the Greek Skeptic philosophers; the English philosopher Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679), one of the most influential European philosophers, is best known for his ''Leviathan'' and for his assertion that life, in the state of nature, is nasty, brutish, and short; Monsieur Naigeon was a publisher and friend of Diderot.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Diderot&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Denis Diderot (1713-84), along with Voltaire and Rousseau one of the greatest figures of the French Englightenment. An archrationalist and atheist, Diderot was best known in his time as the co-editor (with d'Alembert) of the ''Encyclopédie'', the great compendium of Enlightenment rationalism; he was also an essayist, playwright, and novelist. The senator's opinions on Diderot reveal him to be a man of dangerously little knowledge.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;even more of a bigot than Voltaire&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;bigot in the sense of the French word ''bigot'', meaning someone of narrow-minded and intolerant religious orthodoxy. If anyone could be less of a bigot than the deist Voltaire, it was the atheist Diderot.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Needham&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Jean Turberville Needham (1713-81) is best remembered today as a target for Voltaire's satire, directed at Needham's belief in spontaneous generation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Tertullian&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;A classical writer and early convert to Christianity (ca. 160-240).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Moniteur&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;The quasi-official journal of government proceedings from 1799-1901.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Panthéon&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;During the Revolution, the Church of Saint Geneviéve was renamed the Panthéon and dedicated as the mausoleum of the heroes of the nation. The great Revolutionary orator Mirabeau was the first man interred there, followed by the disinterred remains of Voltaire. After being restored to its original purpose as a church by the Restoration government in 1815, the building was converted back into a mausoleum in 1884, just in time to receive the mortal remains of Victor Hugo.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Sardanapalus or Vincent de Paul&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Two antithetical figures. Sardanapalus was, according to legend, the last debauched king of Babylon; Saint Vincent de Paul (1576-1660) founded two religious orders, one of priests, one of nuns, dedicated to active service to the poor. Vincent was known for his personal humility and gently piety.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===&amp;quot;Cato... Stephen... Joan of Arc&amp;quot;===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Three martyrs to principle. The Roman senator Cato the Younger (95-46 B.C.E.) fled Rome and later killed himself rather than submit willingly to Julius Caesar; Saint Stephen was martyred by stoning in first-century Jerusalem; Saint Joan of Arc, &amp;quot;the maid of Orléans,&amp;quot; was a peasant girl from Lorraine who presented herself to the court of king Charles VIII and announced that God had sent her to drive the English out of France. After leading the French army to a near-total victory, Joan was abandoned to the English, who tried her as a heretic and burned her at the stake in 1431.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;Rose&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l320&quot; &gt;Line 320:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 355:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Citations==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;−&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>75.108.216.58</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=128&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* Translation notes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=128&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:29:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Translation notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:29, 2 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l312&quot; &gt;Line 312:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 312:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# wrong, (moral) offense, wicked act&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;# wrong, (moral) offense, wicked act&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===inter pocula===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;over a glass&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=127&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* Translation notes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=127&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:28:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Translation notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:28, 2 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l300&quot; &gt;Line 300:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 300:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Fiat lux.===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;===Fiat lux.===&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Let there be light.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;Let there be light.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===over the fas and the nefas===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;over what is allowed and isn't allowed &lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;fās&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# divine law&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;nefās&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;# wrong, (moral) offense, wicked act&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=125&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: /* Translation notes */</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=125&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:23:43Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;‎&lt;span dir=&quot;auto&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;autocomment&quot;&gt;Translation notes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;table class=&quot;diff diff-contentalign-left&quot; data-mw=&quot;interface&quot;&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-marker&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;col class=&quot;diff-content&quot; /&gt;
				&lt;tr class=&quot;diff-title&quot; lang=&quot;en&quot;&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;← Older revision&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #fff; color: #222; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Revision as of 15:23, 2 March 2014&lt;/td&gt;
				&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot; id=&quot;mw-diff-left-l297&quot; &gt;Line 297:&lt;/td&gt;
&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot; class=&quot;diff-lineno&quot;&gt;Line 297:&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Translation notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;===Fiat lux.===&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td colspan=&quot;2&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;+&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;ins style=&quot;font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;Let there be light.&lt;/ins&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class='diff-marker'&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #222; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;==Textual notes==&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/table&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=124&amp;oldid=prev</id>
		<title>Historymaker: Created page with &quot;Les Mis&amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 8: Philosophy After Drinking (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un juste, Chapitre 8: Philosophie apr&amp;e...&quot;</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_8&amp;diff=124&amp;oldid=prev"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:19:31Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Created page with &amp;quot;Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 8: Philosophy After Drinking (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un juste, Chapitre 8: Philosophie apr&amp;amp;e...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;New page&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 8: Philosophy After Drinking&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un juste, Chapitre 8: Philosophie apr&amp;amp;egrave;s boire)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur dont il a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; parl&amp;amp;eacute; plus haut &amp;amp;eacute;tait un homme entendu qui&lt;br /&gt;
avait fait son chemin avec une rectitude inattentive &amp;amp;agrave; toutes ces&lt;br /&gt;
rencontres qui font obstacle et qu'on nomme conscience, foi jur&amp;amp;eacute;e,&lt;br /&gt;
justice, devoir; il avait march&amp;amp;eacute; droit &amp;amp;agrave; son but et sans broncher une&lt;br /&gt;
seule fois dans la ligne de son avancement et de son int&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;ecirc;t. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un&lt;br /&gt;
ancien procureur, attendri par le succ&amp;amp;egrave;s, pas m&amp;amp;eacute;chant homme du tout,&lt;br /&gt;
rendant tous les petits services qu'il pouvait &amp;amp;agrave; ses fils, &amp;amp;agrave; ses&lt;br /&gt;
gendres, &amp;amp;agrave; ses parents, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me &amp;amp;agrave; des amis; ayant sagement pris de la vie&lt;br /&gt;
les bons c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s, les bonnes occasions, les bonnes aubaines. Le reste lui&lt;br /&gt;
semblait assez b&amp;amp;ecirc;te. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait spirituel, et juste assez lettr&amp;amp;eacute; pour se&lt;br /&gt;
croire un disciple d'&amp;amp;Eacute;picure en n'&amp;amp;eacute;tant peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qu'un produit de&lt;br /&gt;
Pigault-Lebrun. Il riait volontiers, et agr&amp;amp;eacute;ablement, des choses&lt;br /&gt;
infinies et &amp;amp;eacute;ternelles, et des &amp;amp;laquo;billeves&amp;amp;eacute;es du bonhomme &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que&amp;amp;raquo;. Il en&lt;br /&gt;
riait quelquefois, avec une aimable autorit&amp;amp;eacute;, devant M. Myriel lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me,&lt;br /&gt;
qui &amp;amp;eacute;coutait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; je ne sais plus quelle c&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;monie demi-officielle, le comte*** (ce&lt;br /&gt;
s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur) et M. Myriel durent d&amp;amp;icirc;ner chez le pr&amp;amp;eacute;fet. Au dessert, le&lt;br /&gt;
s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur, un peu &amp;amp;eacute;gay&amp;amp;eacute;, quoique toujours digne, s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Parbleu, monsieur l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, causons. Un s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur et un &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que se&lt;br /&gt;
regardent difficilement sans cligner de l'&amp;amp;oelig;il. Nous sommes deux&lt;br /&gt;
augures. Je vais vous faire un aveu. J'ai ma philosophie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et vous avez raison, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que. Comme on fait sa philosophie&lt;br /&gt;
on se couche. Vous &amp;amp;ecirc;tes sur le lit de pourpre, monsieur le s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur, encourag&amp;amp;eacute;, reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Soyons bons enfants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bons diables m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je vous d&amp;amp;eacute;clare, reprit le s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur, que le marquis d'Argens, Pyrrhon,&lt;br /&gt;
Hobbes et M. Naigeon ne sont pas des maroufles. J'ai dans ma&lt;br /&gt;
biblioth&amp;amp;egrave;que tous mes philosophes dor&amp;amp;eacute;s sur tranche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Comme vous-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, monsieur le comte, interrompit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur poursuivit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je hais Diderot; c'est un id&amp;amp;eacute;ologue, un d&amp;amp;eacute;clamateur et un&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;volutionnaire, au fond croyant en Dieu, et plus bigot que Voltaire.&lt;br /&gt;
Voltaire s'est moqu&amp;amp;eacute; de Needham, et il a eu tort; car les anguilles de&lt;br /&gt;
Needham prouvent que Dieu est inutile. Une goutte de vinaigre dans une&lt;br /&gt;
cuiller&amp;amp;eacute;e de p&amp;amp;acirc;te de farine suppl&amp;amp;eacute;e le ''fiat lux''. Supposez la goutte&lt;br /&gt;
plus grosse et la cuiller&amp;amp;eacute;e plus grande, vous avez le monde. L'homme,&lt;br /&gt;
c'est l'anguille. Alors &amp;amp;agrave; quoi bon le P&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;ternel? Monsieur l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que,&lt;br /&gt;
l'hypoth&amp;amp;egrave;se J&amp;amp;eacute;hovah me fatigue. Elle n'est bonne qu'&amp;amp;agrave; produire des gens&lt;br /&gt;
maigres qui songent creux. &amp;amp;Agrave; bas ce grand Tout qui me tracasse! Vive&lt;br /&gt;
Z&amp;amp;eacute;ro qui me laisse tranquille! De vous &amp;amp;agrave; moi, et pour vider mon sac, et&lt;br /&gt;
pour me confesser &amp;amp;agrave; mon pasteur comme il convient, je vous avoue que&lt;br /&gt;
j'ai du bon sens. Je ne suis pas fou de votre J&amp;amp;eacute;sus qui pr&amp;amp;ecirc;che &amp;amp;agrave; tout&lt;br /&gt;
bout de champ le renoncement et le sacrifice. Conseil d'avare &amp;amp;agrave; des&lt;br /&gt;
gueux. Renoncement! pourquoi? Sacrifice! &amp;amp;agrave; quoi? Je ne vois pas qu'un&lt;br /&gt;
loup s'immole au bonheur d'un autre loup. Restons donc dans la nature.&lt;br /&gt;
Nous sommes au sommet; ayons la philosophie sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieure. Que sert d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
en haut, si l'on ne voit pas plus loin que le bout du nez des autres?&lt;br /&gt;
Vivons ga&amp;amp;icirc;ment. La vie, c'est tout. Que l'homme ait un autre avenir,&lt;br /&gt;
ailleurs, l&amp;amp;agrave;-haut, l&amp;amp;agrave;-bas, quelque part, je n'en crois pas un tra&amp;amp;icirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
mot. Ah! l'on me recommande le sacrifice et le renoncement, je dois&lt;br /&gt;
prendre garde &amp;amp;agrave; tout ce que je fais, il faut que je me casse la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te sur&lt;br /&gt;
le bien et le mal, sur le juste et l'injuste, sur le ''fas'' et le&lt;br /&gt;
''nefas''. Pourquoi? parce que j'aurai &amp;amp;agrave; rendre compte de mes actions.&lt;br /&gt;
Quand? apr&amp;amp;egrave;s ma mort. Quel bon r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve! Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s ma mort, bien fin qui me&lt;br /&gt;
pincera. Faites donc saisir une poign&amp;amp;eacute;e de cendre par une main d'ombre.&lt;br /&gt;
Disons le vrai, nous qui sommes des initi&amp;amp;eacute;s et qui avons lev&amp;amp;eacute; la jupe&lt;br /&gt;
d'Isis: il n'y a ni bien, ni mal; il y a de la v&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute;tation. Cherchons le&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;el. Creusons tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait. Allons au fond, que diable! Il faut flairer&lt;br /&gt;
la v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;, fouiller sous terre, et la saisir. Alors elle vous donne des&lt;br /&gt;
joies exquises. Alors vous devenez fort, et vous riez. Je suis carr&amp;amp;eacute; par&lt;br /&gt;
la base, moi. Monsieur l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, l'immortalit&amp;amp;eacute; de l'homme est un&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;coute-s'il-pleut. Oh! la charmante promesse! Fiez-vous-y. Le bon billet&lt;br /&gt;
qu'a Adam! On est &amp;amp;acirc;me, on sera ange, on aura des ailes bleues aux&lt;br /&gt;
omoplates. Aidez-moi donc, n'est-ce pas Tertullien qui dit que les&lt;br /&gt;
bienheureux iront d'un astre &amp;amp;agrave; l'autre? Soit. On sera les sauterelles&lt;br /&gt;
des &amp;amp;eacute;toiles. Et puis, on verra Dieu. Ta ta ta. Fadaises que tous ces&lt;br /&gt;
paradis. Dieu est une sonnette monstre. Je ne dirais point cela dans le&lt;br /&gt;
''Moniteur'', parbleu! mais je le chuchote entre amis. ''Inter pocula''.&lt;br /&gt;
Sacrifier la terre au paradis, c'est l&amp;amp;acirc;cher la proie pour l'ombre. &amp;amp;Ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
dupe de l'infini! pas si b&amp;amp;ecirc;te. Je suis n&amp;amp;eacute;ant. Je m'appelle monsieur le&lt;br /&gt;
comte N&amp;amp;eacute;ant, s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur. &amp;amp;Eacute;tais-je avant ma naissance? Non. Serai-je apr&amp;amp;egrave;s&lt;br /&gt;
ma mort? Non. Que suis-je? un peu de poussi&amp;amp;egrave;re agr&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute;e par un organisme.&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'ai-je &amp;amp;agrave; faire sur cette terre? J'ai le choix. Souffrir ou jouir. O&amp;amp;ugrave;&lt;br /&gt;
me m&amp;amp;egrave;nera la souffrance? Au n&amp;amp;eacute;ant. Mais j'aurai souffert. O&amp;amp;ugrave; me m&amp;amp;egrave;nera&lt;br /&gt;
la jouissance? Au n&amp;amp;eacute;ant. Mais j'aurai joui. Mon choix est fait. Il faut&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;ecirc;tre mangeant ou mang&amp;amp;eacute;. Je mange. Mieux vaut &amp;amp;ecirc;tre la dent que l'herbe.&lt;br /&gt;
Telle est ma sagesse. Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s quoi, va comme je te pousse, le fossoyeur&lt;br /&gt;
est l&amp;amp;agrave;, le Panth&amp;amp;eacute;on pour nous autres, tout tombe dans le grand trou.&lt;br /&gt;
Fin. ''Finis''. Liquidation totale. Ceci est l'endroit de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;vanouissement. La mort est morte, croyez-moi. Qu'il y ait l&amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
quelqu'un qui ait quelque chose &amp;amp;agrave; me dire, je ris d'y songer. Invention&lt;br /&gt;
de nourrices. Croquemitaine pour les enfants, J&amp;amp;eacute;hovah pour les hommes.&lt;br /&gt;
Non, notre lendemain est de la nuit. Derri&amp;amp;egrave;re la tombe, il n'y a plus&lt;br /&gt;
que des n&amp;amp;eacute;ants &amp;amp;eacute;gaux. Vous avez &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; Sardanapale, vous avez &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; Vincent&lt;br /&gt;
de Paul, cela fait le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me rien. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; le vrai. Donc vivez, par-dessus&lt;br /&gt;
tout. Usez de votre moi pendant que vous le tenez. En v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;, je vous le&lt;br /&gt;
dis, monsieur l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, j'ai ma philosophie, et j'ai mes philosophes. Je&lt;br /&gt;
ne me laisse pas enguirlander par des balivernes. Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;ccedil;a, il faut bien&lt;br /&gt;
quelque chose &amp;amp;agrave; ceux qui sont en bas, aux va-nu-pieds, aux gagne-petit,&lt;br /&gt;
aux mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables. On leur donne &amp;amp;agrave; gober les l&amp;amp;eacute;gendes, les chim&amp;amp;egrave;res, l'&amp;amp;acirc;me,&lt;br /&gt;
l'immortalit&amp;amp;eacute;, le paradis, les &amp;amp;eacute;toiles. Ils m&amp;amp;acirc;chent cela. Ils le mettent&lt;br /&gt;
sur leur pain sec. Qui n'a rien a le bon Dieu. C'est bien le moins. Je&lt;br /&gt;
n'y fais point obstacle, mais je garde pour moi monsieur Naigeon. Le bon&lt;br /&gt;
Dieu est bon pour le peuple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que battit des mains.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Voil&amp;amp;agrave; parler! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria-t-il. L'excellente chose, et vraiment&lt;br /&gt;
merveilleuse, que ce mat&amp;amp;eacute;rialisme-l&amp;amp;agrave;! Ne l'a pas qui veut. Ah! quand on&lt;br /&gt;
l'a, on n'est plus dupe; on ne se laisse pas b&amp;amp;ecirc;tement exiler comme&lt;br /&gt;
Caton, ni lapider comme &amp;amp;Eacute;tienne, ni br&amp;amp;ucirc;ler vif comme Jeanne d'Arc. Ceux&lt;br /&gt;
qui ont r&amp;amp;eacute;ussi &amp;amp;agrave; se procurer ce mat&amp;amp;eacute;rialisme admirable ont la joie de se&lt;br /&gt;
sentir irresponsables, et de penser qu'ils peuvent d&amp;amp;eacute;vorer tout, sans&lt;br /&gt;
inqui&amp;amp;eacute;tude, les places, les sin&amp;amp;eacute;cures, les dignit&amp;amp;eacute;s, le pouvoir bien ou&lt;br /&gt;
mal acquis, les palinodies lucratives, les trahisons utiles, les&lt;br /&gt;
savoureuses capitulations de conscience, et qu'ils entreront dans la&lt;br /&gt;
tombe, leur digestion faite. Comme c'est agr&amp;amp;eacute;able! Je ne dis pas cela&lt;br /&gt;
pour vous, monsieur le s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur. Cependant il m'est impossible de ne&lt;br /&gt;
point vous f&amp;amp;eacute;liciter. Vous autres grands seigneurs, vous avez, vous le&lt;br /&gt;
dites, une philosophie &amp;amp;agrave; vous et pour vous, exquise, raffin&amp;amp;eacute;e,&lt;br /&gt;
accessible aux riches seuls, bonne &amp;amp;agrave; toutes les sauces, assaisonnant&lt;br /&gt;
admirablement les volupt&amp;amp;eacute;s de la vie. Cette philosophie est prise dans&lt;br /&gt;
les profondeurs et d&amp;amp;eacute;terr&amp;amp;eacute;e par des chercheurs sp&amp;amp;eacute;ciaux. Mais vous &amp;amp;ecirc;tes&lt;br /&gt;
bons princes, et vous ne trouvez pas mauvais que la croyance au bon Dieu&lt;br /&gt;
soit la philosophie du peuple, &amp;amp;agrave; peu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s comme l'oie aux marrons est la&lt;br /&gt;
dinde aux truffes du pauvre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The senator above mentioned was a clever man, who had made his own way,&lt;br /&gt;
heedless of those things which present obstacles, and which are called&lt;br /&gt;
conscience, sworn faith, justice, duty: he had marched straight to his&lt;br /&gt;
goal, without once flinching in the line of his advancement and his&lt;br /&gt;
interest. He was an old attorney, softened by success; not a bad man by&lt;br /&gt;
any means, who rendered all the small services in his power to his sons,&lt;br /&gt;
his sons-in-law, his relations, and even to his friends, having wisely&lt;br /&gt;
seized upon, in life, good sides, good opportunities, good windfalls.&lt;br /&gt;
Everything else seemed to him very stupid. He was intelligent, and just&lt;br /&gt;
sufficiently educated to think himself a disciple of Epicurus; while he&lt;br /&gt;
was, in reality, only a product of Pigault-Lebrun. He laughed willingly&lt;br /&gt;
and pleasantly over infinite and eternal things, and at the &amp;quot;Crotchets of&lt;br /&gt;
that good old fellow the Bishop.&amp;quot; He even sometimes laughed at him with an&lt;br /&gt;
amiable authority in the presence of M. Myriel himself, who listened to&lt;br /&gt;
him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On some semi-official occasion or other, I do not recollect what, Count***&lt;br /&gt;
[this senator] and M. Myriel were to dine with the prefect. At dessert,&lt;br /&gt;
the senator, who was slightly exhilarated, though still perfectly&lt;br /&gt;
dignified, exclaimed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Egad, Bishop, let's have a discussion. It is hard for a senator and a&lt;br /&gt;
bishop to look at each other without winking. We are two augurs. I am&lt;br /&gt;
going to make a confession to you. I have a philosophy of my own.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And you are right,&amp;quot; replied the Bishop. &amp;quot;As one makes one's philosophy,&lt;br /&gt;
so one lies on it. You are on the bed of purple, senator.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The senator was encouraged, and went on:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let us be good fellows.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Good devils even,&amp;quot; said the Bishop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I declare to you,&amp;quot; continued the senator, &amp;quot;that the Marquis d'Argens,&lt;br /&gt;
Pyrrhon, Hobbes, and M. Naigeon are no rascals. I have all the&lt;br /&gt;
philosophers in my library gilded on the edges.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Like yourself, Count,&amp;quot; interposed the Bishop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The senator resumed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I hate Diderot; he is an ideologist, a declaimer, and a revolutionist, a&lt;br /&gt;
believer in God at bottom, and more bigoted than Voltaire. Voltaire made&lt;br /&gt;
sport of Needham, and he was wrong, for Needham's eels prove that God is&lt;br /&gt;
useless. A drop of vinegar in a spoonful of flour paste supplies the fiat&lt;br /&gt;
lux. Suppose the drop to be larger and the spoonful bigger; you have the&lt;br /&gt;
world. Man is the eel. Then what is the good of the Eternal Father? The&lt;br /&gt;
Jehovah hypothesis tires me, Bishop. It is good for nothing but to produce&lt;br /&gt;
shallow people, whose reasoning is hollow. Down with that great All, which&lt;br /&gt;
torments me! Hurrah for Zero which leaves me in peace! Between you and me,&lt;br /&gt;
and in order to empty my sack, and make confession to my pastor, as it&lt;br /&gt;
behooves me to do, I will admit to you that I have good sense. I am not&lt;br /&gt;
enthusiastic over your Jesus, who preaches renunciation and sacrifice to&lt;br /&gt;
the last extremity. 'Tis the counsel of an avaricious man to beggars.&lt;br /&gt;
Renunciation; why? Sacrifice; to what end? I do not see one wolf&lt;br /&gt;
immolating himself for the happiness of another wolf. Let us stick to&lt;br /&gt;
nature, then. We are at the top; let us have a superior philosophy. What&lt;br /&gt;
is the advantage of being at the top, if one sees no further than the end&lt;br /&gt;
of other people's noses? Let us live merrily. Life is all. That man has&lt;br /&gt;
another future elsewhere, on high, below, anywhere, I don't believe; not&lt;br /&gt;
one single word of it. Ah! sacrifice and renunciation are recommended to&lt;br /&gt;
me; I must take heed to everything I do; I must cudgel my brains over good&lt;br /&gt;
and evil, over the just and the unjust, over the fas and the nefas. Why?&lt;br /&gt;
Because I shall have to render an account of my actions. When? After&lt;br /&gt;
death. What a fine dream! After my death it will be a very clever person&lt;br /&gt;
who can catch me. Have a handful of dust seized by a shadow-hand, if you&lt;br /&gt;
can. Let us tell the truth, we who are initiated, and who have raised the&lt;br /&gt;
veil of Isis: there is no such thing as either good or evil; there is&lt;br /&gt;
vegetation. Let us seek the real. Let us get to the bottom of it. Let us&lt;br /&gt;
go into it thoroughly. What the deuce! let us go to the bottom of it! We&lt;br /&gt;
must scent out the truth; dig in the earth for it, and seize it. Then it&lt;br /&gt;
gives you exquisite joys. Then you grow strong, and you laugh. I am square&lt;br /&gt;
on the bottom, I am. Immortality, Bishop, is a chance, a waiting for dead&lt;br /&gt;
men's shoes. Ah! what a charming promise! trust to it, if you like! What a&lt;br /&gt;
fine lot Adam has! We are souls, and we shall be angels, with blue wings&lt;br /&gt;
on our shoulder-blades. Do come to my assistance: is it not Tertullian who&lt;br /&gt;
says that the blessed shall travel from star to star? Very well. We shall&lt;br /&gt;
be the grasshoppers of the stars. And then, besides, we shall see God. Ta,&lt;br /&gt;
ta, ta! What twaddle all these paradises are! God is a nonsensical&lt;br /&gt;
monster. I would not say that in the Moniteur, egad! but I may whisper it&lt;br /&gt;
among friends. Inter pocula. To sacrifice the world to paradise is to let&lt;br /&gt;
slip the prey for the shadow. Be the dupe of the infinite! I'm not such a&lt;br /&gt;
fool. I am a nought. I call myself Monsieur le Comte Nought, senator. Did&lt;br /&gt;
I exist before my birth? No. Shall I exist after death? No. What am I? A&lt;br /&gt;
little dust collected in an organism. What am I to do on this earth? The&lt;br /&gt;
choice rests with me: suffer or enjoy. Whither will suffering lead me? To&lt;br /&gt;
nothingness; but I shall have suffered. Whither will enjoyment lead me? To&lt;br /&gt;
nothingness; but I shall have enjoyed myself. My choice is made. One must&lt;br /&gt;
eat or be eaten. I shall eat. It is better to be the tooth than the grass.&lt;br /&gt;
Such is my wisdom. After which, go whither I push thee, the grave-digger&lt;br /&gt;
is there; the Pantheon for some of us: all falls into the great hole. End.&lt;br /&gt;
Finis. Total liquidation. This is the vanishing-point. Death is death,&lt;br /&gt;
believe me. I laugh at the idea of there being any one who has anything to&lt;br /&gt;
tell me on that subject. Fables of nurses; bugaboo for children; Jehovah&lt;br /&gt;
for men. No; our to-morrow is the night. Beyond the tomb there is nothing&lt;br /&gt;
but equal nothingness. You have been Sardanapalus, you have been Vincent&lt;br /&gt;
de Paul&amp;amp;mdash;it makes no difference. That is the truth. Then live your&lt;br /&gt;
life, above all things. Make use of your ''I'' while you have it. In&lt;br /&gt;
truth, Bishop, I tell you that I have a philosophy of my own, and I have&lt;br /&gt;
my philosophers. I don't let myself be taken in with that nonsense. Of&lt;br /&gt;
course, there must be something for those who are down,&amp;amp;mdash;for the&lt;br /&gt;
barefooted beggars, knife-grinders, and miserable wretches. Legends,&lt;br /&gt;
chimeras, the soul, immortality, paradise, the stars, are provided for&lt;br /&gt;
them to swallow. They gobble it down. They spread it on their dry bread.&lt;br /&gt;
He who has nothing else has the good. God. That is the least he can have.&lt;br /&gt;
I oppose no objection to that; but I reserve Monsieur Naigeon for myself.&lt;br /&gt;
The good God is good for the populace.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop clapped his hands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That's talking!&amp;quot; he exclaimed. &amp;quot;What an excellent and really marvellous&lt;br /&gt;
thing is this materialism! Not every one who wants it can have it. Ah!&lt;br /&gt;
when one does have it, one is no longer a dupe, one does not stupidly&lt;br /&gt;
allow one's self to be exiled like Cato, nor stoned like Stephen, nor&lt;br /&gt;
burned alive like Jeanne d'Arc. Those who have succeeded in procuring this&lt;br /&gt;
admirable materialism have the joy of feeling themselves irresponsible,&lt;br /&gt;
and of thinking that they can devour everything without uneasiness,&amp;amp;mdash;places,&lt;br /&gt;
sinecures, dignities, power, whether well or ill acquired, lucrative&lt;br /&gt;
recantations, useful treacheries, savory capitulations of conscience,&amp;amp;mdash;and&lt;br /&gt;
that they shall enter the tomb with their digestion accomplished. How&lt;br /&gt;
agreeable that is! I do not say that with reference to you, senator.&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, it is impossible for me to refrain from congratulating you.&lt;br /&gt;
You great lords have, so you say, a philosophy of your own, and for&lt;br /&gt;
yourselves, which is exquisite, refined, accessible to the rich alone,&lt;br /&gt;
good for all sauces, and which seasons the voluptuousness of life&lt;br /&gt;
admirably. This philosophy has been extracted from the depths, and&lt;br /&gt;
unearthed by special seekers. But you are good-natured princes, and you do&lt;br /&gt;
not think it a bad thing that belief in the good God should constitute the&lt;br /&gt;
philosophy of the people, very much as the goose stuffed with chestnuts is&lt;br /&gt;
the truffled turkey of the poor.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Historymaker</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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