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		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_2/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188595</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 2/Chapter 3</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by DeHavilland&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Second: The Fall, Chapter 3: The Heroism of Passive Obedience&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre deuxième: La Chute, Chapitre 1: Héroïsme de l'obéissance passive)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La porte s'ouvrit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle s'ouvrit vivement, toute grande, comme si quelqu'un la poussait avec énergie et résolution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un homme entra.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cet homme, nous le connaissons déjà. C'est le voyageur que nous avons vu tout à l'heure errer cherchant un gîte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il entra, fit un pas, et s'arrêta, laissant la porte ouverte derrière lui. Il avait son sac sur l'épaule, son bâton à la main, une expression rude, hardie, fatiguée et violente dans les yeux. Le feu de la cheminée l'éclairait. Il était hideux. C'était une sinistre apparition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire n'eut pas même la force de jeter un cri. Elle tressaillit, et resta béante.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mademoiselle Baptistine se retourna, aperçut l'homme qui entrait et se dressa à demi d'effarement, puis, ramenant peu à peu sa tête vers la cheminée, elle se mit à regarder son frère et son visage redevint profondément calme et serein.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'évêque fixait sur l'homme un œil tranquille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comme il ouvrait la bouche, sans doute pour demander au nouveau venu ce qu'il désirait, l'homme appuya ses deux mains à la fois sur son bâton, promena ses yeux tour à tour sur le vieillard et les femmes, et, sans attendre que l'évêque parlât, dit d'une voix haute:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Voici. Je m'appelle Jean Valjean. Je suis un galérien. J'ai passé dix-neuf ans au bagne. Je suis libéré depuis quatre jours et en route pour Pontarlier qui est ma destination. Quatre jours et que je marche depuis Toulon. Aujourd'hui, j'ai fait douze lieues à pied. Ce soir, en arrivant dans ce pays, j'ai été dans une auberge, on m'a renvoyé à cause de mon passeport jaune que j'avais montré à la mairie. Il avait fallu. J'ai été à une autre auberge. On m'a dit: Va-t-en! Chez l'un, chez l'autre. Personne n'a voulu de moi. J'ai été à la prison, le guichetier n'a pas ouvert. J'ai été dans la niche d'un chien. Ce chien m'a mordu et m'a chassé, comme s'il avait été un homme. On aurait dit qu'il savait qui j'étais. Je m'en suis allé dans les champs pour coucher à la belle étoile. Il n'y avait pas d'étoile. J'ai pensé qu'il pleuvrait, et qu'il n'y avait pas de bon Dieu pour empêcher de pleuvoir, et je suis rentré dans la ville pour y trouver le renfoncement d'une porte. Là, dans la place, j'allais me coucher sur une pierre. Une bonne femme m'a montré votre maison et m'a dit: «Frappe là». J'ai frappé. Qu'est-ce que c'est ici? Êtes-vous une auberge? J'ai de l'argent. Ma masse. Cent neuf francs quinze sous que j'ai gagnés au bagne par mon travail en dix-neuf ans. Je payerai. Qu'est-ce que cela me fait? J'ai de l'argent. Je suis très fatigué, douze lieues à pied, j'ai bien faim. Voulez-vous que je reste?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Madame Magloire, dit l'évêque, vous mettrez un couvert de plus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'homme fit trois pas et s'approcha de la lampe qui était sur la table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Tenez, reprit-il, comme s'il n'avait pas bien compris, ce n'est pas ça. Avez-vous entendu? Je suis un galérien. Un forçat. Je viens des galères.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il tira de sa poche une grande feuille de papier jaune qu'il déplia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Voilà mon passeport. Jaune, comme vous voyez. Cela sert à me faire chasser de partout où je suis. Voulez-vous lire? Je sais lire, moi. J'ai appris au bagne. Il y a une école pour ceux qui veulent. Tenez, voilà ce qu'on a mis sur le passeport: «Jean Valjean, forçat libéré, natif de...—cela vous est égal...—Est resté dix-neuf ans au bagne. Cinq ans pour vol avec effraction. Quatorze ans pour avoir tenté de s'évader quatre fois. Cet homme est très dangereux.»—Voilà! Tout le monde m'a jeté dehors. Voulez-vous me recevoir, vous? Est-ce une auberge? Voulez-vous me donner à manger et à coucher? Avez-vous une écurie?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Madame Magloire, dit l'évêque, vous mettrez des draps blancs au lit de l'alcôve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nous avons déjà expliqué de quelle nature était l'obéissance des deux femmes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire sortit pour exécuter ces ordres. L'évêque se tourna vers l'homme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Monsieur, asseyez-vous et chauffez-vous. Nous allons souper dans un instant, et l'on fera votre lit pendant que vous souperez.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ici l'homme comprit tout à fait. L'expression de son visage, jusqu'alors sombre et dure, s'empreignit de stupéfaction, de doute, de joie, et devint extraordinaire. Il se mit à balbutier comme un homme fou:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Vrai? quoi? vous me gardez? vous ne me chassez pas! un forçat! Vous m'appelez monsieur! vous ne me tutoyez pas! Va-t-en, chien! qu'on me dit toujours. Je croyais bien que vous me chasseriez. Aussi j'avais dit tout de suite qui je suis. Oh! la brave femme qui m'a enseigné ici! Je vais souper! un lit! Un lit avec des matelas et des draps! comme tout le monde! il y a dix-neuf ans que je n'ai couché dans un lit! Vous voulez bien que je ne m'en aille pas! Vous êtes de dignes gens! D'ailleurs j'ai de l'argent. Je payerai bien. Pardon, monsieur l'aubergiste, comment vous appelez-vous? Je payerai tout ce qu'on voudra. Vous êtes un brave homme. Vous êtes aubergiste, n'est-ce pas?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Je suis, dit l'évêque, un prêtre qui demeure ici.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Un prêtre! reprit l'homme. Oh! un brave homme de prêtre! Alors vous ne me demandez pas d'argent? Le curé, n'est-ce pas? le curé de cette grande église? Tiens! c'est vrai, que je suis bête! je n'avais pas vu votre calotte!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tout en parlant, il avait déposé son sac et son bâton dans un coin, puis remis son passeport dans sa poche, et il s'était assis. Mademoiselle Baptistine le considérait avec douceur. Il continua:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Vous êtes humain, monsieur le curé. Vous n'avez pas de mépris. C'est bien bon un bon prêtre. Alors vous n'avez pas besoin que je paye?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Non, dit l'évêque, gardez votre argent. Combien avez-vous? ne m'avez-vous pas dit cent neuf francs?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Quinze sous, ajouta l'homme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Cent neuf francs quinze sous. Et combien de temps avez-vous mis à gagner cela?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Dix-neuf ans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Dix-neuf ans!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'évêque soupira profondément.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'homme poursuivit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—J'ai encore tout mon argent. Depuis quatre jours je n'ai dépensé que vingt-cinq sous que j'ai gagnés en aidant à décharger des voitures à Grasse. Puisque vous êtes abbé, je vais vous dire, nous avions un aumônier au bagne. Et puis un jour j'ai vu un évêque. Monseigneur, qu'on appelle. C'était l'évêque de la Majore, à Marseille. C'est le curé qui est sur les curés. Vous savez, pardon, je dis mal cela, mais pour moi, c'est si loin!—Vous comprenez, nous autres! Il a dit la messe au milieu du bagne, sur un autel, il avait une chose pointue, en or, sur la tête. Au grand jour de midi, cela brillait. Nous étions en rang. Des trois côtés. Avec les canons, mèche allumée, en face de nous. Nous ne voyions pas bien. Il a parlé, mais il était trop au fond, nous n'entendions pas. Voilà ce que c'est qu'un évêque.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pendant qu'il parlait, l'évêque était allé pousser la porte qui était restée toute grande ouverte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire rentra. Elle apportait un couvert qu'elle mit sur la table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Madame Magloire, dit l'évêque, mettez ce couvert le plus près possible du feu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et se tournant vers son hôte:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Le vent de nuit est dur dans les Alpes. Vous devez avoir froid, monsieur?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chaque fois qu'il disait ce mot monsieur, avec sa voix doucement grave et de si bonne compagnie, le visage de l'homme s'illuminait. Monsieur à un forçat, c'est un verre d'eau à un naufragé de la Méduse. L'ignominie a soif de considération.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Voici, reprit l'évêque, une lampe qui éclaire bien mal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire comprit, et elle alla chercher sur la cheminée de la chambre à coucher de monseigneur les deux chandeliers d'argent qu'elle posa sur la table tout allumés.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Monsieur le curé, dit l'homme, vous êtes bon. Vous ne me méprisez pas. Vous me recevez chez vous. Vous allumez vos cierges pour moi. Je ne vous ai pourtant pas caché d'où je viens et que je suis un homme malheureux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'évêque, assis près de lui, lui toucha doucement la main.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Vous pouviez ne pas me dire qui vous étiez.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce n'est pas ici ma maison, c'est la maison de Jésus-Christ. Cette porte ne demande pas à celui qui entre s'il a un nom, mais s'il a une douleur. Vous souffrez; vous avez faim et soif; soyez le bienvenu. Et ne me remerciez pas, ne me dites pas que je vous reçois chez moi. Personne n'est ici chez soi, excepté celui qui a besoin d'un asile. Je vous le dis à vous qui passez, vous êtes ici chez vous plus que moi-même. Tout ce qui est ici est à vous. Qu'ai-je besoin de savoir votre nom? D'ailleurs, avant que vous me le disiez, vous en avez un que je savais.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'homme ouvrit des yeux étonnés.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Vrai? vous saviez comment je m'appelle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Oui, répondit l'évêque, vous vous appelez mon frère.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Tenez, monsieur le curé! s'écria l'homme, j'avais bien faim en entrant ici; mais vous êtes si bon qu'à présent je ne sais plus ce que j'ai; cela m'a passé.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'évêque le regarda et lui dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Vous avez bien souffert?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Oh! la casaque rouge, le boulet au pied, une planche pour dormir, le chaud, le froid, le travail, la chiourme, les coups de bâton! La double chaîne pour rien. Le cachot pour un mot. Même malade au lit, la chaîne. Les chiens, les chiens sont plus heureux! Dix-neuf ans! J'en ai quarante-six. À présent, le passeport jaune! Voilà.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Oui, reprit l'évêque, vous sortez d'un lieu de tristesse. Écoutez. Il y aura plus de joie au ciel pour le visage en larmes d'un pécheur repentant que pour la robe blanche de cent justes. Si vous sortez de ce lieu douloureux avec des pensées de haine et de colère contre les hommes, vous êtes digne de pitié; si vous en sortez avec des pensées de bienveillance, de douceur et de paix, vous valez mieux qu'aucun de nous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cependant madame Magloire avait servi le souper. Une soupe faite avec de l'eau, de l'huile, du pain et du sel, un peu de lard, un morceau de viande de mouton, des figues, un fromage frais, et un gros pain de seigle. Elle avait d'elle-même ajouté à l'ordinaire de M. l'évêque une bouteille de vieux vin de Mauves.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le visage de l'évêque prit tout à coup cette expression de gaîté propre aux natures hospitalières:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—À table! dit-il vivement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comme il en avait coutume lorsque quelque étranger soupait avec lui, il fit asseoir l'homme à sa droite. Mademoiselle Baptistine, parfaitement paisible et naturelle, prit place à sa gauche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'évêque dit le bénédicité, puis servit lui-même la soupe, selon son habitude. L'homme se mit à manger avidement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tout à coup l'évêque dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Mais il me semble qu'il manque quelque chose sur cette table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire en effet n'avait mis que les trois couverts absolument nécessaires. Or c'était l'usage de la maison, quand l'évêque avait quelqu'un à souper, de disposer sur la nappe les six couverts d'argent, étalage innocent. Ce gracieux semblant de luxe était une sorte d'enfantillage plein de charme dans cette maison douce et sévère qui élevait la pauvreté jusqu'à la dignité.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire comprit l'observation, sortit sans dire un mot, et un moment après les trois couverts réclamés par l'évêque brillaient sur la nappe, symétriquement arrangés devant chacun des trois convives.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The door opened.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It opened wide with a rapid movement, as though some one had given it an energetic and resolute push.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A man entered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We already know the man. It was the wayfarer whom we have seen wandering about in search of shelter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He entered, advanced a step, and halted, leaving the door open behind him. He had his knapsack on his shoulders, his cudgel in his hand, a rough, audacious, weary, and violent expression in his eyes. The fire on the hearth lighted him up. He was hideous. It was a sinister apparition.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire had not even the strength to utter a cry. She trembled, and stood with her mouth wide open.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mademoiselle Baptistine turned round, beheld the man entering, and half started up in terror; then, turning her head by degrees towards the fireplace again, she began to observe her brother, and her face became once more profoundly calm and serene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop fixed a tranquil eye on the man.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As he opened his mouth, doubtless to ask the new-comer what he desired, the man rested both hands on his staff, directed his gaze at the old man and the two women, and without waiting for the Bishop to speak, he said, in a loud voice:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;See here. My name is Jean Valjean. I am a convict from the galleys. I have passed nineteen years in the galleys. I was liberated four days ago, and am on my way to Pontarlier, which is my destination. I have been walking for four days since I left Toulon. I have travelled a dozen leagues to-day on foot. This evening, when I arrived in these parts, I went to an inn, and they turned me out, because of my yellow passport, which I had shown at the town-hall. I had to do it. I went to an inn. They said to me, `Be off,' at both places. No one would take me. I went to the prison; the jailer would not admit me. I went into a dog's kennel; the dog bit me and chased me off, as though he had been a man. One would have said that he knew who I was. I went into the fields, intending to sleep in the open air, beneath the stars. There were no stars. I thought it was going to rain, and I re-entered the town, to seek the recess of a doorway. Yonder, in the square, I meant to sleep on a stone bench. A good woman pointed out your house to me, and said to me, `Knock there!' I have knocked. What is this place? Do you keep an inn? I have money--savings. One hundred and nine francs fifteen sous, which I earned in the galleys by my labor, in the course of nineteen years. I will pay. What is that to me? I have money. I am very weary; twelve leagues on foot; I am very hungry. Are you willing that I should remain?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Madame Magloire,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;you will set another place.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The man advanced three paces, and approached the lamp which was on the table. &amp;quot;Stop,&amp;quot; he resumed, as though he had not quite understood; &amp;quot;that's not it. Did you hear? I am a galley-slave; a convict. I come from the galleys.&amp;quot; He drew from his pocket a large sheet of yellow paper, which he unfolded. &amp;quot;Here's my passport. Yellow, as you see. This serves to expel me from every place where I go. Will you read it? I know how to read. I learned in the galleys. There is a school there for those who choose to learn. Hold, this is what they put on this passport: `Jean Valjean, discharged convict, native of'--that is nothing to you--`has been nineteen years in the galleys: five years for house-breaking and burglary; fourteen years for having attempted to escape on four occasions. He is a very dangerous man.' There! Every one has cast me out. Are you willing to receive me? Is this an inn? Will you give me something to eat and a bed? Have you a stable?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Madame Magloire,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;you will put white sheets on the bed in the alcove.&amp;quot; We have already explained the character of the two women's obedience.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire retired to execute these orders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop turned to the man.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sit down, sir, and warm yourself. We are going to sup in a few moments, and your bed will be prepared while you are supping.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At this point the man suddenly comprehended. The expression of his face, up to that time sombre and harsh, bore the imprint of stupefaction, of doubt, of joy, and became extraordinary. He began stammering like a crazy man:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Really? What! You will keep me? You do not drive me forth? A convict! You call me sir! You do not address me as thou? `Get out of here, you dog!' is what people always say to me. I felt sure that you would expel me, so I told you at once who I am. Oh, what a good woman that was who directed me hither! I am going to sup! A bed with a mattress and sheets, like the rest of the world! a bed! It is nineteen years since I have slept in a bed! You actually do not want me to go! You are good people. Besides, I have money. I will pay well. Pardon me, monsieur the inn-keeper, but what is your name? I will pay anything you ask. You are a fine man. You are an inn-keeper, are you not?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I am,&amp;quot; replied the Bishop, &amp;quot;a priest who lives here.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A priest!&amp;quot; said the man. &amp;quot;Oh, what a fine priest! Then you are not going to demand any money of me? You are the cure, are you not? the cure of this big church? Well! I am a fool, truly! I had not perceived your skull-cap.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As he spoke, he deposited his knapsack and his cudgel in a corner, replaced his passport in his pocket, and seated himself. Mademoiselle Baptistine gazed mildly at him. He continued:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You are humane, Monsieur le Cure; you have not scorned me. A good priest is a very good thing. Then you do not require me to pay?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;No,&amp;quot; said the Bishop; &amp;quot;keep your money. How much have you? Did you not tell me one hundred and nine francs?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And fifteen sous,&amp;quot; added the man.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;One hundred and nine francs fifteen sous. And how long did it take you to earn that?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nineteen years.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nineteen years!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop sighed deeply.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The man continued: &amp;quot;I have still the whole of my money. In four days I have spent only twenty-five sous, which I earned by helping unload some wagons at Grasse. Since you are an abbe, I will tell you that we had a chaplain in the galleys. And one day I saw a bishop there. Monseigneur is what they call him. He was the Bishop of Majore at Marseilles. He is the cure who rules over the other cures, you understand. Pardon me, I say that very badly; but it is such a far-off thing to me! You understand what we are! He said mass in the middle of the galleys, on an altar. He had a pointed thing, made of gold, on his head; it glittered in the bright light of midday. We were all ranged in lines on the three sides, with cannons with lighted matches facing us. We could not see very well. He spoke; but he was too far off, and we did not hear. That is what a bishop is like.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While he was speaking, the Bishop had gone and shut the door, which had remained wide open.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire returned. She brought a silver fork and spoon, which she placed on the table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Madame Magloire,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;place those things as near the fire as possible.&amp;quot; And turning to his guest: &amp;quot;The night wind is harsh on the Alps. You must be cold, sir.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Each time that he uttered the word sir, in his voice which was so gently grave and polished, the man's face lighted up. Monsieur to a convict is like a glass of water to one of the shipwrecked of the Medusa. Ignominy thirsts for consideration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;This lamp gives a very bad light,&amp;quot; said the Bishop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire understood him, and went to get the two silver candlesticks from the chimney-piece in Monseigneur's bed-chamber, and placed them, lighted, on the table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur le Cure,&amp;quot; said the man, &amp;quot;you are good; you do not despise me. You receive me into your house. You light your candles for me. Yet I have not concealed from you whence I come and that I am an unfortunate man.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop, who was sitting close to him, gently touched his hand. &amp;quot;You could not help telling me who you were. This is not my house; it is the house of Jesus Christ. This door does not demand of him who enters whether he has a name, but whether he has a grief. You suffer, you are hungry and thirsty; you are welcome. And do not thank me; do not say that I receive you in my house. No one is at home here, except the man who needs a refuge. I say to you, who are passing by, that you are much more at home here than I am myself. Everything here is yours. What need have I to know your name? Besides, before you told me you had one which I knew.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The man opened his eyes in astonishment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Really? You knew what I was called?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes,&amp;quot; replied the Bishop, &amp;quot;you are called my brother.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Stop, Monsieur le Cure,&amp;quot; exclaimed the man. &amp;quot;I was very hungry when I entered here; but you are so good, that I no longer know what has happened to me.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop looked at him, and said,--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You have suffered much?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh, the red coat, the ball on the ankle, a plank to sleep on, heat, cold, toil, the convicts, the thrashings, the double chain for nothing, the cell for one word; even sick and in bed, still the chain! Dogs, dogs are happier! Nineteen years! I am forty-six. Now there is the yellow passport. That is what it is like.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes,&amp;quot; resumed the Bishop, &amp;quot;you have come from a very sad place. Listen. There will be more joy in heaven over the tear-bathed face of a repentant sinner than over the white robes of a hundred just men. If you emerge from that sad place with thoughts of hatred and of wrath against mankind, you are deserving of pity; if you emerge with thoughts of good-will and of peace, you are more worthy than any one of us.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the meantime, Madame Magloire had served supper: soup, made with water, oil, bread, and salt; a little bacon, a bit of mutton, figs, a fresh cheese, and a large loaf of rye bread. She had, of her own accord, added to the Bishop's ordinary fare a bottle of his old Mauves wine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop's face at once assumed that expression of gayety which is peculiar to hospitable natures. &amp;quot;To table!&amp;quot; he cried vivaciously. As was his custom when a stranger supped with him, he made the man sit on his right. Mademoiselle Baptistine, perfectly peaceable and natural, took her seat at his left.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop asked a blessing; then helped the soup himself, according to his custom. The man began to eat with avidity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All at once the Bishop said: &amp;quot;It strikes me there is something missing on this table.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire had, in fact, only placed the three sets of forks and spoons which were absolutely necessary. Now, it was the usage of the house, when the Bishop had any one to supper, to lay out the whole six sets of silver on the table-cloth--an innocent ostentation. This graceful semblance of luxury was a kind of child's play, which was full of charm in that gentle and severe household, which raised poverty into dignity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire understood the remark, went out without saying a word, and a moment later the three sets of silver forks and spoons demanded by the Bishop were glittering upon the cloth, symmetrically arranged before the three persons seated at the table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_11&amp;diff=188594</id>
		<title>Volume 4/Book 11</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_11&amp;diff=188594"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:37:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Eleventh: The Atom Fraternizes with the Hurricane&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4: L'idylle rue Plumet et l'&amp;amp;eacute;pop&amp;amp;eacute;e rue Saint-Denis, Livre onzi&amp;amp;egrave;me: L'atome fraternise avec l'ouragan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: Some Explanations with Regard to the Origin of Gavroche's Poetry. The Influence of an Academician on this Poetry]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Gavroche on the March]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: Just Indignation of a Hair-dresser]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: The Child is amazed at the Old Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: The Old Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: Recruits]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=188593</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=188593"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:37:01Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Tenlittlebullets&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 2: A Double Quartette&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapitre 2: Double quatuor)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces Parisiens &amp;amp;eacute;taient l'un de Toulouse, l'autre de Limoges, le troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me&lt;br /&gt;
de Cahors et le quatri&amp;amp;egrave;me de Montauban; mais ils &amp;amp;eacute;taient &amp;amp;eacute;tudiants, et&lt;br /&gt;
qui dit &amp;amp;eacute;tudiant dit parisien; &amp;amp;eacute;tudier &amp;amp;agrave; Paris, c'est na&amp;amp;icirc;tre &amp;amp;agrave; Paris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces jeunes gens &amp;amp;eacute;taient insignifiants; tout le monde a vu ces&lt;br /&gt;
figures-l&amp;amp;agrave;; quatre &amp;amp;eacute;chantillons du premier venu; ni bons ni mauvais, ni&lt;br /&gt;
savants ni ignorants, ni des g&amp;amp;eacute;nies ni des imb&amp;amp;eacute;ciles; beaux de ce&lt;br /&gt;
charmant avril qu'on appelle vingt ans. C'&amp;amp;eacute;taient quatre Oscars&lt;br /&gt;
quelconques, car &amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque les Arthurs n'existaient pas encore.&lt;br /&gt;
''Br&amp;amp;ucirc;lez pour lui les parfums d'Arabie'', s'&amp;amp;eacute;criait la romance, ''Oscar s'avance, Oscar, je vais le voir''! On sortait d'Ossian, l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;gance &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
scandinave et cal&amp;amp;eacute;donienne, le genre anglais pur ne devait pr&amp;amp;eacute;valoir que&lt;br /&gt;
plus tard, et le premier des Arthurs, Wellington, venait &amp;amp;agrave; peine de&lt;br /&gt;
gagner la bataille de Waterloo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces Oscars s'appelaient l'un F&amp;amp;eacute;lix Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, de Toulouse; l'autre&lt;br /&gt;
Listolier, de Cahors; l'autre Fameuil, de Limoges; le dernier&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, de Montauban. Naturellement chacun avait sa ma&amp;amp;icirc;tresse.&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle aimait Favourite, ainsi nomm&amp;amp;eacute;e parce qu'elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait all&amp;amp;eacute;e en&lt;br /&gt;
Angleterre; Listolier adorait Dahlia, qui avait pris pour nom de guerre&lt;br /&gt;
un nom de fleur; Fameuil idol&amp;amp;acirc;trait Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine, abr&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute; de Jos&amp;amp;eacute;phine;&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s avait Fantine, dite la Blonde &amp;amp;agrave; cause de ses beaux cheveux&lt;br /&gt;
couleur de soleil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite, Dahlia, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;taient quatre ravissantes filles,&lt;br /&gt;
parfum&amp;amp;eacute;es et radieuses, encore un peu ouvri&amp;amp;egrave;res, n'ayant pas tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait&lt;br /&gt;
quitt&amp;amp;eacute; leur aiguille, d&amp;amp;eacute;rang&amp;amp;eacute;es par les amourettes, mais ayant sur le&lt;br /&gt;
visage un reste de la s&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;nit&amp;amp;eacute; du travail et dans l'&amp;amp;acirc;me cette fleur&lt;br /&gt;
d'honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tet&amp;amp;eacute; qui dans la femme survit &amp;amp;agrave; la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re chute. Il y avait une&lt;br /&gt;
des quatre qu'on appelait la jeune, parce qu'elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait la cadette; et&lt;br /&gt;
une qu'on appelait la vieille. La vieille avait vingt-trois ans. Pour ne&lt;br /&gt;
rien celer, les trois premi&amp;amp;egrave;res &amp;amp;eacute;taient plus exp&amp;amp;eacute;riment&amp;amp;eacute;es, plus&lt;br /&gt;
insouciantes et plus envol&amp;amp;eacute;es dans le bruit de la vie que Fantine la&lt;br /&gt;
Blonde, qui en &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave; sa premi&amp;amp;egrave;re illusion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine, et surtout Favourite, n'en auraient pu dire autant. Il&lt;br /&gt;
y avait d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; plus d'un &amp;amp;eacute;pisode &amp;amp;agrave; leur roman &amp;amp;agrave; peine commenc&amp;amp;eacute;, et&lt;br /&gt;
l'amoureux, qui s'appelait Adolphe au premier chapitre, se trouvait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
Alphonse au second, et Gustave au troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me. Pauvret&amp;amp;eacute; et coquetterie&lt;br /&gt;
sont deux conseill&amp;amp;egrave;res fatales, l'une gronde, l'autre flatte; et les&lt;br /&gt;
belles filles du peuple les ont toutes les deux qui leur parlent bas &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'oreille, chacune de son c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;. Ces &amp;amp;acirc;mes mal gard&amp;amp;eacute;es &amp;amp;eacute;coutent. De l&amp;amp;agrave; les&lt;br /&gt;
chutes qu'elles font et les pierres qu'on leur jette. On les accable&lt;br /&gt;
avec la splendeur de tout ce qui est immacul&amp;amp;eacute; et inaccessible. H&amp;amp;eacute;las! si&lt;br /&gt;
la ''Yungfrau'' avait faim?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite, ayant &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; en Angleterre, avait pour admiratrices Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia. Elle avait eu de tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bonne heure un chez-soi. Son p&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;tait un&lt;br /&gt;
vieux professeur de math&amp;amp;eacute;matiques brutal et qui gasconnait; point mari&amp;amp;eacute;,&lt;br /&gt;
courant le cachet malgr&amp;amp;eacute; l'&amp;amp;acirc;ge. Ce professeur, &amp;amp;eacute;tant jeune, avait vu un&lt;br /&gt;
jour la robe d'une femme de chambre s'accrocher &amp;amp;agrave; un garde-cendre; il&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait tomb&amp;amp;eacute; amoureux de cet accident. Il en &amp;amp;eacute;tait r&amp;amp;eacute;sult&amp;amp;eacute; Favourite.&lt;br /&gt;
Elle rencontrait de temps en temps son p&amp;amp;egrave;re, qui la saluait. Un matin,&lt;br /&gt;
une vieille femme &amp;amp;agrave; l'air b&amp;amp;eacute;guin &amp;amp;eacute;tait entr&amp;amp;eacute;e chez elle et lui avait&lt;br /&gt;
dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vous ne me connaissez pas, mademoiselle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Non.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je suis ta m&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis la vieille avait ouvert le buffet, bu et mang&amp;amp;eacute;, fait apporter un&lt;br /&gt;
matelas qu'elle avait, et s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait install&amp;amp;eacute;e. Cette m&amp;amp;egrave;re, grognon et&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;vote, ne parlait jamais &amp;amp;agrave; Favourite, restait des heures sans souffler&lt;br /&gt;
mot, d&amp;amp;eacute;jeunait, d&amp;amp;icirc;nait et soupait comme quatre, et descendait faire&lt;br /&gt;
salon chez le portier, o&amp;amp;ugrave; elle disait du mal de sa fille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce qui avait entra&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; Dahlia vers Listolier, vers d'autres peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre,&lt;br /&gt;
vers l'oisivet&amp;amp;eacute;, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait d'avoir de trop jolis ongles roses. Comment&lt;br /&gt;
faire travailler ces ongles-l&amp;amp;agrave;? Qui veut rester vertueuse ne doit pas&lt;br /&gt;
avoir piti&amp;amp;eacute; de ses mains. Quant &amp;amp;agrave; Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine, elle avait conquis Fameuil&lt;br /&gt;
par sa petite mani&amp;amp;egrave;re mutine et caressante de dire: &amp;amp;laquo;Oui, monsieur&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les jeunes gens &amp;amp;eacute;tant camarades, les jeunes filles &amp;amp;eacute;taient amies. Ces&lt;br /&gt;
amours-l&amp;amp;agrave; sont toujours doubl&amp;amp;eacute;s de ces amiti&amp;amp;eacute;s-l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sage et philosophe, c'est deux; et ce qui le prouve, c'est que, toutes&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;serves faites sur ces petits m&amp;amp;eacute;nages irr&amp;amp;eacute;guliers, Favourite, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine&lt;br /&gt;
et Dahlia &amp;amp;eacute;taient des filles philosophes, et Fantine une fille sage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sage, dira-t-on? et Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s? Salomon r&amp;amp;eacute;pondrait que l'amour fait&lt;br /&gt;
partie de la sagesse. Nous nous bornons &amp;amp;agrave; dire que l'amour de Fantine&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait un premier amour, un amour unique, un amour fid&amp;amp;egrave;le.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait la seule des quatre qui ne f&amp;amp;ucirc;t tutoy&amp;amp;eacute;e que par un seul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait un de ces &amp;amp;ecirc;tres comme il en &amp;amp;eacute;cl&amp;amp;ocirc;t, pour ainsi dire, au&lt;br /&gt;
fond du peuple. Sortie des plus insondables &amp;amp;eacute;paisseurs de l'ombre&lt;br /&gt;
sociale, elle avait au front le signe de l'anonyme et de l'inconnu. Elle&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait n&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; Montreuil-sur-mer. De quels parents? Qui pourrait le dire?&lt;br /&gt;
On ne lui avait jamais connu ni p&amp;amp;egrave;re ni m&amp;amp;egrave;re. Elle se nommait Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
Pourquoi Fantine? On ne lui avait jamais connu d'autre nom. &amp;amp;Agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;poque&lt;br /&gt;
de sa naissance, le Directoire existait encore. Point de nom de famille,&lt;br /&gt;
elle n'avait pas de famille; point de nom de bapt&amp;amp;ecirc;me, l'&amp;amp;eacute;glise n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
plus l&amp;amp;agrave;. Elle s'appela comme il plut au premier passant qui la rencontra&lt;br /&gt;
toute petite, allant pieds nus dans la rue. Elle re&amp;amp;ccedil;ut un nom comme elle&lt;br /&gt;
recevait l'eau des nu&amp;amp;eacute;es sur son front quand il pleuvait. On l'appela la&lt;br /&gt;
petite Fantine. Personne n'en savait davantage. Cette cr&amp;amp;eacute;ature humaine&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait venue dans la vie comme cela. &amp;amp;Agrave; dix ans, Fantine quitta la ville&lt;br /&gt;
et s'alla mettre en service chez des fermiers des environs. &amp;amp;Agrave; quinze&lt;br /&gt;
ans, elle vint &amp;amp;agrave; Paris &amp;quot;chercher fortune&amp;quot;. Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait belle et resta&lt;br /&gt;
pure le plus longtemps qu'elle put. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une jolie blonde avec de&lt;br /&gt;
belles dents. Elle avait de l'or et des perles pour dot, mais son or&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait sur sa t&amp;amp;ecirc;te et ses perles &amp;amp;eacute;taient dans sa bouche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle travailla pour vivre; puis, toujours pour vivre, car le c&amp;amp;oelig;ur a sa&lt;br /&gt;
faim aussi, elle aima.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle aima Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amourette pour lui, passion pour elle. Les rues du quartier latin,&lt;br /&gt;
qu'emplit le fourmillement des &amp;amp;eacute;tudiants et des grisettes, virent le&lt;br /&gt;
commencement de ce songe. Fantine, dans ces d&amp;amp;eacute;dales de la colline du&lt;br /&gt;
Panth&amp;amp;eacute;on, o&amp;amp;ugrave; tant d'aventures se nouent et se d&amp;amp;eacute;nouent, avait fui&lt;br /&gt;
longtemps Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, mais de fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on &amp;amp;agrave; le rencontrer toujours. Il y a une&lt;br /&gt;
mani&amp;amp;egrave;re d'&amp;amp;eacute;viter qui ressemble &amp;amp;agrave; chercher. Bref, l'&amp;amp;eacute;glogue eut lieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, Listolier et Fameuil formaient une sorte de groupe dont&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;eacute;tait la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait lui qui avait l'esprit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;eacute;tait l'antique &amp;amp;eacute;tudiant vieux; il &amp;amp;eacute;tait riche; il avait&lt;br /&gt;
quatre mille francs de rente; quatre mille francs de rente, splendide&lt;br /&gt;
scandale sur la montagne Sainte-Genevi&amp;amp;egrave;ve. Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;eacute;tait un viveur de&lt;br /&gt;
trente ans, mal conserv&amp;amp;eacute;. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait rid&amp;amp;eacute; et &amp;amp;eacute;dent&amp;amp;eacute;; et il &amp;amp;eacute;bauchait une&lt;br /&gt;
calvitie dont il disait lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me sans tristesse: ''cr&amp;amp;acirc;ne &amp;amp;agrave; trente ans, genou &amp;amp;agrave; quarante''. Il dig&amp;amp;eacute;rait m&amp;amp;eacute;diocrement, et il lui &amp;amp;eacute;tait venu un&lt;br /&gt;
larmoiement &amp;amp;agrave; un &amp;amp;oelig;il. Mais &amp;amp;agrave; mesure que sa jeunesse s'&amp;amp;eacute;teignait, il&lt;br /&gt;
allumait sa ga&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;; il rempla&amp;amp;ccedil;ait ses dents par des lazzis, ses cheveux&lt;br /&gt;
par la joie, sa sant&amp;amp;eacute; par l'ironie, et son &amp;amp;oelig;il qui pleurait riait sans&lt;br /&gt;
cesse. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait d&amp;amp;eacute;labr&amp;amp;eacute;, mais tout en fleurs. Sa jeunesse, pliant bagage&lt;br /&gt;
bien avant l'&amp;amp;acirc;ge, battait en retraite en bon ordre, &amp;amp;eacute;clatait de rire, et&lt;br /&gt;
l'on n'y voyait que du feu. Il avait eu une pi&amp;amp;egrave;ce refus&amp;amp;eacute;e au Vaudeville.&lt;br /&gt;
Il faisait &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; des vers quelconques. En outre, il doutait&lt;br /&gt;
sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieurement de toute chose, grande force aux yeux des faibles. Donc,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tant ironique et chauve, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait le chef. ''Iron'' est un mot anglais&lt;br /&gt;
qui veut dire fer. Serait-ce de l&amp;amp;agrave; que viendrait ironie?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un jour Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s prit &amp;amp;agrave; part les trois autres, f&amp;amp;icirc;t un geste d'oracle,&lt;br /&gt;
et leur dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il y a bient&amp;amp;ocirc;t un an que Fantine, Dahlia, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et Favourite nous&lt;br /&gt;
demandent de leur faire une surprise. Nous la leur avons promise&lt;br /&gt;
solennellement. Elles nous en parlent toujours, &amp;amp;agrave; moi surtout. De m&amp;amp;ecirc;me&lt;br /&gt;
qu'&amp;amp;agrave; Naples les vieilles femmes crient &amp;amp;agrave; saint Janvier: ''Faccia gialluta, fa o miracolo''. Face jaune, fais ton miracle! nos belles me&lt;br /&gt;
disent sans cesse: &amp;amp;laquo;Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, quand accoucheras-tu de ta surprise?&amp;amp;raquo; En&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;ecirc;me temps nos parents nous &amp;amp;eacute;crivent. Scie des deux c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s. Le moment me&lt;br /&gt;
semble venu. Causons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sur ce, Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s baissa la voix, et articula myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieusement quelque&lt;br /&gt;
chose de si gai qu'un vaste et enthousiaste ricanement sortit des quatre&lt;br /&gt;
bouches &amp;amp;agrave; la fois et que Blachevelle s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Ccedil;a, c'est une id&amp;amp;eacute;e!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un estaminet plein de fum&amp;amp;eacute;e se pr&amp;amp;eacute;senta, ils y entr&amp;amp;egrave;rent, et le reste de&lt;br /&gt;
leur conf&amp;amp;eacute;rence se perdit dans l'ombre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le r&amp;amp;eacute;sultat de ces t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres fut une &amp;amp;eacute;blouissante partie de plaisir qui&lt;br /&gt;
eut lieu le dimanche suivant, les quatre jeunes gens invitant les quatre&lt;br /&gt;
jeunes filles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
These Parisians came, one from Toulouse, another from Limoges, the third&lt;br /&gt;
from Cahors, and the fourth from Montauban; but they were students; and&lt;br /&gt;
when one says student, one says Parisian: to study in Paris is to be born&lt;br /&gt;
in Paris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These young men were insignificant; every one has seen such faces; four&lt;br /&gt;
specimens of humanity taken at random; neither good nor bad, neither wise&lt;br /&gt;
nor ignorant, neither geniuses nor fools; handsome, with that charming&lt;br /&gt;
April which is called twenty years. They were four Oscars; for, at that&lt;br /&gt;
epoch, Arthurs did not yet exist. Burn for him the perfumes of Araby!&lt;br /&gt;
exclaimed romance. Oscar advances. Oscar, I shall behold him! People had&lt;br /&gt;
just emerged from Ossian; elegance was Scandinavian and Caledonian; the&lt;br /&gt;
pure English style was only to prevail later, and the first of the&lt;br /&gt;
Arthurs, Wellington, had but just won the battle of Waterloo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These Oscars bore the names, one of Felix Tholomyes, of Toulouse; the&lt;br /&gt;
second, Listolier, of Cahors; the next, Fameuil, of Limoges; the last,&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, of Montauban. Naturally, each of them had his mistress.&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle loved Favourite, so named because she had been in England;&lt;br /&gt;
Listolier adored Dahlia, who had taken for her nickname the name of a&lt;br /&gt;
flower; Fameuil idolized Zephine, an abridgment of Josephine; Tholomyes&lt;br /&gt;
had Fantine, called the Blonde, because of her beautiful, sunny hair.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite, Dahlia, Zephine, and Fantine were four ravishing young women,&lt;br /&gt;
perfumed and radiant, still a little like working-women, and not yet&lt;br /&gt;
entirely divorced from their needles; somewhat disturbed by intrigues, but&lt;br /&gt;
still retaining on their faces something of the serenity of toil, and in&lt;br /&gt;
their souls that flower of honesty which survives the first fall in woman.&lt;br /&gt;
One of the four was called the young, because she was the youngest of&lt;br /&gt;
them, and one was called the old; the old one was twenty-three. Not to&lt;br /&gt;
conceal anything, the three first were more experienced, more heedless,&lt;br /&gt;
and more emancipated into the tumult of life than Fantine the Blonde, who&lt;br /&gt;
was still in her first illusions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia, Zephine, and especially Favourite, could not have said as much.&lt;br /&gt;
There had already been more than one episode in their romance, though&lt;br /&gt;
hardly begun; and the lover who had borne the name of Adolph in the first&lt;br /&gt;
chapter had turned out to be Alphonse in the second, and Gustave in the&lt;br /&gt;
third. Poverty and coquetry are two fatal counsellors; one scolds and the&lt;br /&gt;
other flatters, and the beautiful daughters of the people have both of&lt;br /&gt;
them whispering in their ear, each on its own side. These badly guarded&lt;br /&gt;
souls listen. Hence the falls which they accomplish, and the stones which&lt;br /&gt;
are thrown at them. They are overwhelmed with splendor of all that is&lt;br /&gt;
immaculate and inaccessible. Alas! what if the Jungfrau were hungry?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite having been in England, was admired by Dahlia and Zephine. She&lt;br /&gt;
had had an establishment of her own very early in life. Her father was an&lt;br /&gt;
old unmarried professor of mathematics, a brutal man and a braggart, who&lt;br /&gt;
went out to give lessons in spite of his age. This professor, when he was&lt;br /&gt;
a young man, had one day seen a chambermaid's gown catch on a fender; he&lt;br /&gt;
had fallen in love in consequence of this accident. The result had been&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite. She met her father from time to time, and he bowed to her. One&lt;br /&gt;
morning an old woman with the air of a devotee, had entered her&lt;br /&gt;
apartments, and had said to her, &amp;quot;You do not know me, Mamemoiselle?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;No.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I am your mother.&amp;quot; Then the old woman opened the sideboard, and ate and&lt;br /&gt;
drank, had a mattress which she owned brought in, and installed herself.&lt;br /&gt;
This cross and pious old mother never spoke to Favourite, remained hours&lt;br /&gt;
without uttering a word, breakfasted, dined, and supped for four, and went&lt;br /&gt;
down to the porter's quarters for company, where she spoke ill of her&lt;br /&gt;
daughter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was having rosy nails that were too pretty which had drawn Dahlia to&lt;br /&gt;
Listolier, to others perhaps, to idleness. How could she make such nails&lt;br /&gt;
work? She who wishes to remain virtuous must not have pity on her hands.&lt;br /&gt;
As for Zephine, she had conquered Fameuil by her roguish and caressing&lt;br /&gt;
little way of saying &amp;quot;Yes, sir.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The young men were comrades; the young girls were friends. Such loves are&lt;br /&gt;
always accompanied by such friendships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goodness and philosophy are two distinct things; the proof of this is&lt;br /&gt;
that, after making all due allowances for these little irregular&lt;br /&gt;
households, Favourite, Zephine, and Dahlia were philosophical young women,&lt;br /&gt;
while Fantine was a good girl.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Good! some one will exclaim; and Tholomyes? Solomon would reply that love&lt;br /&gt;
forms a part of wisdom. We will confine ourselves to saying that the love&lt;br /&gt;
of Fantine was a first love, a sole love, a faithful love.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She alone, of all the four, was not called &amp;quot;thou&amp;quot; by a single one of them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine was one of those beings who blossom, so to speak, from the dregs&lt;br /&gt;
of the people. Though she had emerged from the most unfathomable depths of&lt;br /&gt;
social shadow, she bore on her brow the sign of the anonymous and the&lt;br /&gt;
unknown. She was born at M. sur M. Of what parents? Who can say? She had&lt;br /&gt;
never known father or mother. She was called Fantine. Why Fantine? She had&lt;br /&gt;
never borne any other name. At the epoch of her birth the Directory still&lt;br /&gt;
existed. She had no family name; she had no family; no baptismal name; the&lt;br /&gt;
Church no longer existed. She bore the name which pleased the first random&lt;br /&gt;
passer-by, who had encountered her, when a very small child, running&lt;br /&gt;
bare-legged in the street. She received the name as she received the water&lt;br /&gt;
from the clouds upon her brow when it rained. She was called little&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine. No one knew more than that. This human creature had entered life&lt;br /&gt;
in just this way. At the age of ten, Fantine quitted the town and went to&lt;br /&gt;
service with some farmers in the neighborhood. At fifteen she came to&lt;br /&gt;
Paris &amp;quot;to seek her fortune.&amp;quot; Fantine was beautiful, and remained pure as&lt;br /&gt;
long as she could. She was a lovely blonde, with fine teeth. She had gold&lt;br /&gt;
and pearls for her dowry; but her gold was on her head, and her pearls&lt;br /&gt;
were in her mouth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She worked for her living; then, still for the sake of her living,&amp;amp;mdash;for&lt;br /&gt;
the heart, also, has its hunger,&amp;amp;mdash;she loved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She loved Tholomyes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An amour for him; passion for her. The streets of the Latin quarter,&lt;br /&gt;
filled with throngs of students and grisettes, saw the beginning of their&lt;br /&gt;
dream. Fantine had long evaded Tholomyes in the mazes of the hill of the&lt;br /&gt;
Pantheon, where so many adventurers twine and untwine, but in such a way&lt;br /&gt;
as constantly to encounter him again. There is a way of avoiding which&lt;br /&gt;
resembles seeking. In short, the eclogue took place.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, Listolier, and Fameuil formed a sort of group of which&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomyes was the head. It was he who possessed the wit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomyes was the antique old student; he was rich; he had an income of&lt;br /&gt;
four thousand francs; four thousand francs! a splendid scandal on Mount&lt;br /&gt;
Sainte-Genevieve. Tholomyes was a fast man of thirty, and badly preserved.&lt;br /&gt;
He was wrinkled and toothless, and he had the beginning of a bald spot, of&lt;br /&gt;
which he himself said with sadness, the skull at thirty, the knee at&lt;br /&gt;
forty. His digestion was mediocre, and he had been attacked by a watering&lt;br /&gt;
in one eye. But in proportion as his youth disappeared, gayety was&lt;br /&gt;
kindled; he replaced his teeth with buffooneries, his hair with mirth, his&lt;br /&gt;
health with irony, his weeping eye laughed incessantly. He was dilapidated&lt;br /&gt;
but still in flower. His youth, which was packing up for departure long&lt;br /&gt;
before its time, beat a retreat in good order, bursting with laughter, and&lt;br /&gt;
no one saw anything but fire. He had had a piece rejected at the&lt;br /&gt;
Vaudeville. He made a few verses now and then. In addition to this he&lt;br /&gt;
doubted everything to the last degree, which is a vast force in the eyes&lt;br /&gt;
of the weak. Being thus ironical and bald, he was the leader. Iron is an&lt;br /&gt;
English word. Is it possible that irony is derived from it?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One day Tholomyes took the three others aside, with the gesture of an&lt;br /&gt;
oracle, and said to them:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Fantine, Dahlia, Zephine, and Favourite have been teasing us for nearly a&lt;br /&gt;
year to give them a surprise. We have promised them solemnly that we&lt;br /&gt;
would. They are forever talking about it to us, to me in particular, just&lt;br /&gt;
as the old women in Naples cry to Saint Januarius, 'Faccia gialluta, fa o&lt;br /&gt;
miracolo, Yellow face, perform thy miracle,' so our beauties say to me&lt;br /&gt;
incessantly, 'Tholomyes, when will you bring forth your surprise?' At the&lt;br /&gt;
same time our parents keep writing to us. Pressure on both sides. The&lt;br /&gt;
moment has arrived, it seems to me; let us discuss the question.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thereupon, Tholomyes lowered his voice and articulated something so&lt;br /&gt;
mirthful, that a vast and enthusiastic grin broke out upon the four mouths&lt;br /&gt;
simultaneously, and Blachevelle exclaimed, &amp;quot;That is an idea.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A smoky tap-room presented itself; they entered, and the remainder of&lt;br /&gt;
their confidential colloquy was lost in shadow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The result of these shades was a dazzling pleasure party which took place&lt;br /&gt;
on the following Sunday, the four young men inviting the four young girls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Burn for him... Oscar approaches... Ossian had left his mark===&lt;br /&gt;
‘Brûlez pour lui les parfums d’Arabie / Oscar s’avance, Oscar, je vais le voir.’ Hugo is quoting two lines from an anonymous popular song, ‘Il va venir, le sultan que j’adore’ (‘He is coming, the sultan I adore’), which concludes with the singer expressing her fear that her lover will not be true. Oscar is also the name of a character (the son of Ossian) in James Macpherson’s Poems of Ossian (1760–62). Purportedly translated from an ancient Scottish manuscript by the Gaelic warrior and bard Ossian, the poems’ authenticity was contested at the time and they are now believed to be the work of Macpherson himself. Nevertheless, they enjoyed a phenomenal success, were widely translated and had a huge influence on contemporary literature and music.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''The Wretched: A new translation of Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables.'' Trans. Christine Donougher. London: Penguin Classics, 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the Jungfrau===&lt;br /&gt;
Snow-white and unattainable, the Jungfrau (literally, ‘young woman’) is one of the peaks in the Swiss Alps.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===grisettes===&lt;br /&gt;
An archetypal figure of nineteenth-century Parisian life, the grisette is the sexually attractive and available young working woman. More often than not a seamstress or florist, poor but financially independent, she wants to enjoy herself and keeps company with students and artists, with whom she goes dancing and on country weekend outings.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_10&amp;diff=188592</id>
		<title>Volume 4/Book 10</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_10&amp;diff=188592"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:36:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Tenth: The 5th of June, 1832&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4: L'idylle rue Plumet et l'&amp;amp;eacute;pop&amp;amp;eacute;e rue Saint-Denis, Livre dixi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Le 5 juin 1832)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: The Surface of the Question]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: The Root of the Matter]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: A Burial; an Occasion to be born again]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: The Ebullitions of Former Days]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: Originality of Paris]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_2/Chapter_2&amp;diff=188591</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 2/Chapter 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_2/Chapter_2&amp;diff=188591"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:36:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Human-ithink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Second: The Intestine of the Leviathan, Chapter 2: Ancient History of the Sewer&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre deuxième: L'intestin de Léviathan, Chapitre 2: L'histoire ancienne de l'égout)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'on s'imagine Paris ôté comme un couvercle, le réseau souterrain des égouts, vu à vol d'oiseau, dessinera sur les deux rives une espèce de grosse branche greffée au fleuve. Sur la rive droite l'égout de ceinture sera le tronc de cette branche, les conduits secondaires seront les rameaux et les impasses seront les ramuscules.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette figure n'est que sommaire et à demi exacte, l'angle droit, qui est l'angle habituel de ce genre de ramifications souterraines, étant très rare dans la végétation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On se fera une image plus ressemblante de cet étrange plan géométral en supposant qu'on voie à plat sur un fond de ténèbres quelque bizarre alphabet d'orient brouillé comme un fouillis, et dont les lettres difformes seraient soudées les unes aux autres, dans un pêle-mêle apparent et comme au hasard, tantôt par leurs angles, tantôt par leurs extrémités.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les sentines et les égouts jouaient un grand rôle au Moyen-Âge, au Bas-Empire et dans ce vieil Orient. La peste y naissait, les despotes y mouraient. Les multitudes regardaient presque avec une crainte religieuse ces lits de pourriture, monstrueux berceaux de la Mort. La fosse aux vermines de Bénarès n'est pas moins vertigineuse que la fosse aux lions de Babylone. Téglath-Phalasar, au dire des livres rabbiniques, jurait par la sentine de Ninive, C'est de l'égout de Munster que Jean de Leyde faisait sortir sa fausse lune, et c'est du puits-cloaque de Kekhscheb que son ménechme oriental, Mokannâ, le prophète voilé du Khorassan, faisait sortir son faux soleil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'histoire des hommes se reflète dans l'histoire des cloaques. Les gémonies racontaient Rome. L'égout de Paris a été une vieille chose formidable. Il a été sépulcre, il a été asile. Le crime, l'intelligence, la protestation sociale, la liberté de conscience, la pensée, le vol, tout ce que les lois humaines poursuivent ou ont poursuivi, s'est caché dans ce trou; les maillotins au quatorzième siècle, les tire-laine au quinzième, les huguenots au seizième, les illuminés de Morin au dix-septième, les chauffeurs au dix-huitième. Il y a cent ans, le coup de poignard nocturne en sortait, le filou en danger y glissait; le bois avait la caverne, Paris avait l'égout. La truanderie, cette picareria gauloise, acceptait l'égout comme succursale de la Cour des Miracles, et le soir, narquoise et féroce, rentrait sous le vomitoire Maubuée comme dans une alcôve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il était tout simple que ceux qui avaient pour lieu de travail quotidien le cul-de-sac Vide-Gousset ou la rue Coupe-Gorge eussent pour domicile nocturne le ponceau du Chemin-Vert ou le cagnard Hurepoix. De là un fourmillement de souvenirs. Toutes sortes de fantômes hantent ces longs corridors solitaires; partout la putridité et le miasme; çà et là un soupirail où Villon dedans cause avec Rabelais dehors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'égout, dans l'ancien Paris, est le rendez-vous de tous les épuisements et de tous les essais. L'économie politique y voit un détritus, la philosophie sociale y voit un résidu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'égout, c'est la conscience de la ville. Tout y converge, et s'y confronte. Dans ce lieu livide, il y a des ténèbres, mais il n'y a plus de secrets. Chaque chose a sa forme vraie, ou du moins sa forme définitive. Le tas d'ordures a cela pour lui qu'il n'est pas menteur. La naïveté s'est réfugiée là. Le masque de Basile s'y trouve, mais on en voit le carton, et les ficelles, et le dedans comme le dehors, et il est accentué d'une boue honnête. Le faux nez de Scapin l'avoisine. Toutes les malpropretés de la civilisation, une fois hors de service, tombent dans cette fosse de vérité où aboutit l'immense glissement social. Elles s'y engloutissent, mais elles s'y étalent. Ce pêle-mêle est une confession. Là, plus de fausse apparence, aucun plâtrage possible, l'ordure ôte sa chemise, dénudation absolue, déroute des illusions et des mirages, plus rien que ce qui est, faisant la sinistre figure de ce qui finit. Réalité et disparition. Là, un cul de bouteille avoue l'ivrognerie, une anse de panier raconte la domesticité; là, le trognon de pomme qui a eu des opinions littéraires redevient le trognon de pomme; l'effigie du gros sou se vert-de-grise franchement, le crachat de Caïphe rencontre le vomissement de Falstaff, le louis d'or qui sort du tripot heurte le clou où pend le bout de corde du suicide, un foetus livide roule enveloppé dans des paillettes qui ont dansé le mardi gras dernier à l'Opéra, une toque qui a jugé les hommes se vautre près d'une pourriture qui a été la jupe de Margoton; c'est plus que de la fraternité, c'est du tutoiement. Tout ce qui se fardait se barbouille. Le dernier voile est arraché. Un égout est un cynique. Il dit tout.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette sincérité de l'immondice nous plaît, et repose l'âme. Quand on a passé son temps à subir sur la terre le spectacle des grands airs que prennent la raison d'état, le serment, la sagesse politique, la justice humaine, les probités professionnelles, les austérités de situation, les robes incorruptibles, cela soulage d'entrer dans un égout et de voir de la fange qui en convient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cela enseigne en même temps. Nous l'avons dit tout à l'heure, l'histoire passe par l'égout. Les Saint-Barthélemy y filtrent goutte à goutte entre les pavés. Les grands assassinats publics, les boucheries politiques et religieuses, traversent ce souterrain de la civilisation et y poussent leurs cadavres. Pour l'œil du songeur, tous les meurtriers historiques sont là, dans la pénombre hideuse, à genoux, avec un pan de leur suaire pour tablier, épongeant lugubrement leur besogne. Louis XI y est avec Tristan, François Ier y est avec Duprat, Charles IX y est avec sa mère, Richelieu y est avec Louis XIII, Louvois y est, Letellier y est, Hébert et Maillard y sont, grattant les pierres et tâchant de faire disparaître la trace de leurs actions. On entend sous ces voûtes le balai de ces spectres. On y respire la fétidité énorme des catastrophes sociales. On voit dans des coins des miroitements rougeâtres. Il coule là une eau terrible où se sont lavées des mains sanglantes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'observateur social doit entrer dans ces ombres. Elles font partie de son laboratoire. La philosophie est le microscope de la pensée. Tout veut la fuir, mais rien ne lui échappe. Tergiverser est inutile. Quel côté de soi montre-t-on en tergiversant? le côté honte. La philosophie poursuit de son regard probe le mal, et ne lui permet pas de s'évader dans le néant. Dans l'effacement des choses qui disparaissent, dans le rapetissement des choses qui s'évanouissent, elle reconnaît tout. Elle reconstruit la pourpre d'après le haillon et la femme d'après le chiffon. Avec le cloaque elle refait la ville; avec la boue elle refait les mœurs. Du tesson elle conclut l'amphore, ou la cruche. Elle reconnaît à une empreinte d'ongle sur un parchemin la différence qui sépare la juiverie de la Judengasse de la juiverie du Ghetto. Elle retrouve dans ce qui reste ce qui a été, le bien, le mal, le faux, le vrai, la tache de sang du palais, le pâté d'encre de la caverne, la goutte de suif du lupanar, les épreuves subies, les tentations bien venues, les orgies vomies, le pli qu'ont fait les caractères en s'abaissant, la trace de la prostitution dans les âmes que leur grossièreté en faisait capables, et sur la veste des portefaix de Rome la marque du coup de coude de Messaline.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let the reader imagine Paris lifted off like a cover, the subterranean net-work of sewers, from a bird's eye view, will outline on the banks a species of large branch grafted on the river. On the right bank, the belt sewer will form the trunk of this branch, the secondary ducts will form the branches, and those without exit the twigs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This figure is but a summary one and half exact, the right angle, which is the customary angle of this species of subterranean ramifications, being very rare in vegetation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A more accurate image of this strange geometrical plan can be formed by supposing that one is viewing some eccentric oriental alphabet, as intricate as a thicket, against a background of shadows, and the misshapen letters should be welded one to another in apparent confusion, and as at haphazard, now by their angles, again by their extremities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sinks and sewers played a great part in the Middle Ages, in the Lower Empire and in the Orient of old. The masses regarded these beds of decomposition, these monstrous cradles of death, with a fear that was almost religious. The vermin ditch of Benares is no less conducive to giddiness than the lions' ditch of Babylon. Teglath-Phalasar, according to the rabbinical books, swore by the sink of Nineveh. It was from the sewer of Munster that John of Leyden produced his false moon, and it was from the cess-pool of Kekscheb that oriental menalchme, Mokanna, the veiled prophet of Khorassan, caused his false sun to emerge.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The history of men is reflected in the history of sewers. The Germoniae narrated Rome. The sewer of Paris has been an ancient and formidable thing. It has been a sepulchre, it has served as an asylum. Crime, intelligence, social protest, liberty of conscience, thought, theft, all that human laws persecute or have persecuted, is hidden in that hole; the maillotins in the fourteenth century, the tire-laine of the fifteenth, the Huguenots in the sixteenth, Morin's illuminated in the seventeenth, the chauffeurs [brigands] in the eighteenth. A hundred years ago, the nocturnal blow of the dagger emerged thence, the pickpocket in danger slipped thither; the forest had its cave, Paris had its sewer. Vagrancy, that Gallic picareria, accepted the sewer as the adjunct of the Cour des Miracles, and at evening, it returned thither, fierce and sly, through the Maubuee outlet, as into a bed-chamber.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was quite natural, that those who had the blind-alley Vide-Gousset, [Empty-Pocket] or the Rue Coupe-Gorge [Cut-Throat], for the scene of their daily labor, should have for their domicile by night the culvert of the Chemin-Vert, or the catch basin of Hurepoix. Hence a throng of souvenirs. All sorts of phantoms haunt these long, solitary corridors; everywhere is putrescence and miasma; here and there are breathing-holes, where Villon within converses with Rabelais without.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sewer in ancient Paris is the rendezvous of all exhaustions and of all attempts. Political economy therein spies a detritus, social philosophy there beholds a residuum.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sewer is the conscience of the city. Everything there converges and confronts everything else. In that livid spot there are shades, but there are no longer any secrets. Each thing bears its true form, or at least, its definitive form. The mass of filth has this in its favor, that it is not a liar. Ingenuousness has taken refuge there. The mask of Basil is to be found there, but one beholds its cardboard and its strings and the inside as well as the outside, and it is accentuated by honest mud. Scapin's false nose is its next-door neighbor. All the uncleannesses of civilization, once past their use, fall into this trench of truth, where the immense social sliding ends. They are there engulfed, but they display themselves there. This mixture is a confession. There, no more false appearances, no plastering over is possible, filth removes its shirt, absolute denudation puts to the rout all illusions and mirages, there is nothing more except what really exists, presenting the sinister form of that which is coming to an end. There, the bottom of a bottle indicates drunkenness, a basket-handle tells a tale of domesticity; there the core of an apple which has entertained literary opinions becomes an apple-core once more; the effigy on the big sou becomes frankly covered with verdigris, Caiphas' spittle meets Falstaff's puking, the louis-d'or which comes from the gaming-house jostles the nail whence hangs the rope's end of the suicide. A livid foetus rolls along, enveloped in the spangles which danced at the Opera last Shrove-Tuesday, a cap which has pronounced judgment on men wallows beside a mass of rottenness which was formerly Margoton's petticoat; it is more than fraternization, it is equivalent to addressing each other as thou. All which was formerly rouged, is washed free. The last veil is torn away. A sewer is a cynic. It tells everything.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sincerity of foulness pleases us, and rests the soul. When one has passed one's time in enduring upon earth the spectacle of the great airs which reasons of state, the oath, political sagacity, human justice, professional probity, the austerities of situation, incorruptible robes all assume, it solaces one to enter a sewer and to behold the mire which befits it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is instructive at the same time. We have just said that history passes through the sewer. The Saint-Barthelemys filter through there, drop by drop, between the paving-stones. Great public assassinations, political and religious butcheries, traverse this underground passage of civilization, and thrust their corpses there. For the eye of the thinker, all historic murderers are to be found there, in that hideous penumbra, on their knees, with a scrap of their winding-sheet for an apron, dismally sponging out their work. Louis XI. is there with Tristan, Francois I. with Duprat, Charles IX. is there with his mother, Richelieu is there with Louis XIII., Louvois is there, Letellier is there, Hebert and Maillard are there, scratching the stones, and trying to make the traces of their actions disappear. Beneath these vaults one hears the brooms of spectres. One there breathes the enormous fetidness of social catastrophes. One beholds reddish reflections in the corners. There flows a terrible stream, in which bloody hands have been washed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The social observer should enter these shadows. They form a part of his laboratory. Philosophy is the microscope of the thought. Everything desires to flee from it, but nothing escapes it. Tergiversation is useless. What side of oneself does one display in evasions? the shameful side. Philosophy pursues with its glance, probes the evil, and does not permit it to escape into nothingness. In the obliteration of things which disappear, in the watching of things which vanish, it recognizes all. It reconstructs the purple from the rag, and the woman from the scrap of her dress. From the cess-pool, it re-constitutes the city; from mud, it reconstructs manners; from the potsherd it infers the amphora or the jug. By the imprint of a finger-nail on a piece of parchment, it recognizes the difference which separates the Jewry of the Judengasse from the Jewry of the Ghetto. It re-discovers in what remains that which has been, good, evil, the true, the blood-stain of the palace, the ink-blot of the cavern, the drop of sweat from the brothel, trials undergone, temptations welcomed, orgies cast forth, the turn which characters have taken as they became abased, the trace of prostitution in souls of which their grossness rendered them capable, and on the vesture of the porters of Rome the mark of Messalina's elbowing. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Germoniae===&lt;br /&gt;
Steps on the Aventine Hill, leading to the Tiber, to which the bodies of executed criminals were dragged by hooks to be thrown into the Tiber. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_1/Chapter_13&amp;diff=188590</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 1/Chapter 13</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_1/Chapter_13&amp;diff=188590"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:35:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Human-ithink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book First: The War Between Four Walls, Chapter 13: Passing Gleams&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre premier: La guerre entre quatre murs, Chapitre 13: Lueurs qui passent)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dans le chaos de sentiments et de passions qui défendent une barricade, il y a de tout; il y a de la bravoure, de la jeunesse, du point d'honneur, de l'enthousiasme, de l'idéal, de la conviction, de l'acharnement de joueur, et surtout, des intermittences d'espoir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Une de ces intermittences, un de ces vagues frémissements d'espérance traversa subitement, à l'instant le plus inattendu, la barricade de la Chanvrerie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Écoutez, s'écria brusquement Enjolras toujours aux aguets, il me semble que Paris s'éveille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il est certain que, dans la matinée du 6 juin, l'insurrection eut, pendant une heure ou deux, une certaine recrudescence. L'obstination du tocsin de Saint-Merry ranima quelques velléités. Rue du Poirier, rue des Gravilliers, des barricades s'ébauchèrent. Devant la porte Saint-Martin, un jeune homme, armé d'une carabine, attaqua seul un escadron de cavalerie. À découvert, en plein boulevard, il mit un genou à terre, épaula son arme, tira, tua le chef d'escadron, et se retourna en disant: En voilà encore un qui ne nous fera plus de mal. Il fut sabré. Rue Saint-Denis, une femme tirait sur la garde municipale de derrière une jalousie baissée. On voyait à chaque coup trembler les feuilles de la jalousie. Un enfant de quatorze ans fut arrêté rue de la Cossonnerie avec ses poches pleines de cartouches. Plusieurs postes furent attaqués. À l'entrée de la rue Bertin-Poirée, une fusillade très vive et tout à fait imprévue accueillit un régiment de cuirassiers, en tête duquel marchait le général Cavaignac de Baragne. Rue Planche-Mibray, on jeta du haut des toits sur la troupe de vieux tessons de vaisselle et des ustensiles de ménage; mauvais signe; et quand on rendit compte de ce fait au maréchal Soult, le vieux lieutenant de Napoléon devint rêveur, se rappelant le mot de Suchet à Saragosse: Nous sommes perdus quand les vieilles femmes nous vident leur pot de chambre sur la tête.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces Symptômes généraux qui se manifestaient au moment où l'on croyait l'émeute localisée, cette fièvre de colère qui reprenait le dessus, ces flammèches qui volaient çà et là au-dessus de ces masses profondes de combustible qu'on nomme les faubourgs de Paris, tout cet ensemble inquiéta les chefs militaires. On se hâta d'éteindre ces commencements d'incendie. On retarda, jusqu'à ce que ces pétillements fussent étouffés, l'attaque des barricades Maubuée, de la Chanvrerie et de Saint-Merry, afin de n'avoir plus affaire qu'à elles, et de pouvoir tout finir d'un coup. Des colonnes furent lancées dans les rues en fermentation, balayant les grandes, sondant les petites, à droite, à gauche, tantôt avec précaution et lentement, tantôt au pas de charge. La troupe enfonçait les portes des maisons d'où l'on avait tiré; en même temps des manœuvres de cavalerie dispersaient les groupes des boulevards. Cette répression ne se fit pas sans rumeur et sans ce fracas tumultueux propre aux chocs d'armée et de peuple. C'était là ce qu'Enjolras, dans les intervalles de la canonnade et de la mousqueterie, saisissait. En outre, il avait vu au bout de la rue passer des blessés sur des civières, et il disait à Courfeyrac:—Ces blessés-là ne viennent pas de chez nous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'espoir dura peu; la lueur s'éclipsa vite. En moins d'une demi-heure, ce qui était dans l'air s'évanouit, ce fut comme un éclair sans foudre, et les insurgés sentirent retomber sur eux cette espèce de chape de plomb que l'indifférence du peuple jette sur les obstinés abandonnés.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le mouvement général qui semblait s'être vaguement dessiné avait avorté; et l'attention du ministre de la guerre et la stratégie des généraux pouvaient se concentrer maintenant sur les trois ou quatre barricades restées debout.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le soleil montait sur l'horizon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un insurgé interpella Enjolras:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—On a faim ici. Est-ce que vraiment nous allons mourir comme ça sans manger?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Enjolras, toujours accoudé à son créneau, sans quitter des yeux l'extrémité de la rue, fit un signe de tête affirmatif.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the chaos of sentiments and passions which defend a barricade, there is a little of everything; there is bravery, there is youth, honor, enthusiasm, the ideal, conviction, the rage of the gambler, and, above all, intermittences of hope.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One of these intermittences, one of these vague quivers of hope suddenly traversed the barricade of the Rue de la Chanvrerie at the moment when it was least expected.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Listen,&amp;quot; suddenly cried Enjolras, who was still on the watch, &amp;quot;it seems to me that Paris is waking up.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is certain that, on the morning of the 6th of June, the insurrection broke out afresh for an hour or two, to a certain extent. The obstinacy of the alarm peal of Saint-Merry reanimated some fancies. Barricades were begun in the Rue du Poirier and the Rue des Gravilliers. In front of the Porte Saint-Martin, a young man, armed with a rifle, attacked alone a squadron of cavalry. In plain sight, on the open boulevard, he placed one knee on the ground, shouldered his weapon, fired, killed the commander of the squadron, and turned away, saying: &amp;quot;There's another who will do us no more harm.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was put to the sword. In the Rue Saint-Denis, a woman fired on the National Guard from behind a lowered blind. The slats of the blind could be seen to tremble at every shot. A child fourteen years of age was arrested in the Rue de la Cossonerie, with his pockets full of cartridges. Many posts were attacked. At the entrance to the Rue Bertin-Poiree, a very lively and utterly unexpected fusillade welcomed a regiment of cuirrassiers, at whose head marched Marshal General Cavaignac de Barague. In the Rue Planche-Mibray, they threw old pieces of pottery and household utensils down on the soldiers from the roofs; a bad sign; and when this matter was reported to Marshal Soult, Napoleon's old lieutenant grew thoughtful, as he recalled Suchet's saying at Saragossa: &amp;quot;We are lost when the old women empty their pots de chambre on our heads.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These general symptoms which presented themselves at the moment when it was thought that the uprising had been rendered local, this fever of wrath, these sparks which flew hither and thither above those deep masses of combustibles which are called the faubourgs of Paris,—all this, taken together, disturbed the military chiefs. They made haste to stamp out these beginnings of conflagration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They delayed the attack on the barricades Maubuee, de la Chanvrerie and Saint-Merry until these sparks had been extinguished, in order that they might have to deal with the barricades only and be able to finish them at one blow. Columns were thrown into the streets where there was fermentation, sweeping the large, sounding the small, right and left, now slowly and cautiously, now at full charge. The troops broke in the doors of houses whence shots had been fired; at the same time, manoeuvres by the cavalry dispersed the groups on the boulevards. This repression was not effected without some commotion, and without that tumultuous uproar peculiar to collisions between the army and the people. This was what Enjolras had caught in the intervals of the cannonade and the musketry. Moreover, he had seen wounded men passing the end of the street in litters, and he said to Courfeyrac:—&amp;quot;Those wounded do not come from us.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their hope did not last long; the gleam was quickly eclipsed. In less than half an hour, what was in the air vanished, it was a flash of lightning unaccompanied by thunder, and the insurgents felt that sort of leaden cope, which the indifference of the people casts over obstinate and deserted men, fall over them once more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The general movement, which seemed to have assumed a vague outline, had miscarried; and the attention of the minister of war and the strategy of the generals could now be concentrated on the three or four barricades which still remained standing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sun was mounting above the horizon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An insurgent hailed Enjolras.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We are hungry here. Are we really going to die like this, without anything to eat?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Enjolras, who was still leaning on his elbows at his embrasure, made an affirmative sign with his head, but without taking his eyes from the end of the street. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_15/Chapter_1&amp;diff=188589</id>
		<title>Volume 4/Book 15/Chapter 1</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_15/Chapter_1&amp;diff=188589"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:35:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 146.185.234.49 (talk) to last revision by Human-ithink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Fifteenth: The Rue de L'Homme Arme, Chapter 1: A Drinker is a Babbler&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4: L'idylle rue Plumet et l'épopée rue Saint-Denis, Livre quinzième: La rue de l'Homme-Armé, Chapitre 1: Buvard, bavard)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'est-ce que les convulsions d'une ville auprès des émeutes de l'âme? L'homme est une profondeur plus grande encore que le peuple. Jean Valjean, en ce moment-là même, était en proie à un soulèvement effrayants. Tous les gouffres s'étaient rouverts en lui. Lui aussi frissonnait, comme Paris, au seuil d'une révolution formidable et obscure. Quelques heures avaient suffi. Sa destinée et sa conscience s'étaient brusquement couvertes d'ombre. De lui aussi, comme de Paris, on pouvait dire: les deux principes sont en présence. L'ange blanc et l'ange noir vont se saisir corps à corps sur le pont de l'abîme. Lequel des deux précipitera l'autre? Qui l'emportera?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La veille de ce même jour 5 juin, Jean Valjean, accompagné de Cosette et de Toussaint, s'était installé rue de l'Homme-Armé. Une péripétie l'y attendait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cosette n'avait pas quitté la rue Plumet sans un essai de résistance. Pour la première fois depuis qu'ils existaient côte à côte, la volonté de Cosette et la volonté de Jean Valjean s'étaient montrées distinctes, et s'étaient, sinon heurtées, du moins contredites. Il y avait eu objection d'un côté et inflexibilité de l'autre. Le brusque conseil: déménagez, jeté par un inconnu à Jean Valjean, l'avait alarmé au point de le rendre absolu. Il se croyait dépisté et poursuivi. Cosette avait dû céder.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tous deux étaient arrivés rue de l'Homme-Armé sans desserrer les dents et sans se dire un mot, absorbés chacun dans leur préoccupation personnelle; Jean Valjean si inquiet qu'il ne voyait pas la tristesse de Cosette, Cosette si triste qu'elle ne voyait pas l'inquiétude de Jean Valjean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean avait emmené Toussaint, ce qu'il n'avait jamais fait dans ses précédentes absences. Il entrevoyait qu'il ne reviendrait peut-être pas rue Plumet, et il ne pouvait ni laisser Toussaint derrière lui, ni lui dire son secret. D'ailleurs il la sentait dévouée et sûre. De domestique à maître, la trahison commence par la curiosité. Or, Toussaint, comme si elle eût été prédestinée à être la servante de Jean Valjean, n'était pas curieuse. Elle disait à travers son bégayement, dans son parler de paysanne de Barneville: Je suis de même de même; je chose mon fait; le demeurant n'est pas mon travail. (Je suis ainsi; je fais ma besogne; le reste n'est pas mon affaire.)&lt;br /&gt;
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Dans ce départ de la rue Plumet, qui avait été presque une fuite, Jean Valjean n'avait rien emporté que la petite valise embaumée baptisée par Cosette l'inséparable. Des malles pleines eussent exigé des commissionnaires, et des commissionnaires sont des témoins. On avait fait venir un fiacre à la porte de la rue de Babylone, et l'on s'en était allé.&lt;br /&gt;
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C'est à grand'peine que Toussaint avait obtenu la permission d'empaqueter un peu de linge et de vêtements et quelques objets de toilette. Cosette, elle, n'avait emporté que sa papeterie et son buvard.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean, pour accroître la solitude et l'ombre de cette disparition, s'était arrangé de façon à ne quitter le pavillon de la rue Plumet qu'à la chute du jour, ce qui avait laissé à Cosette le temps d'écrire son billet à Marius. On était arrivé rue de l'Homme-Armé à la nuit close.&lt;br /&gt;
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On s'était couché silencieusement.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le logement de la rue de l'Homme-Armé était situé dans une arrière-cour, à un deuxième étage, et composé de deux chambres à coucher, d'une salle à manger et d'une cuisine attenante à la salle à manger, avec soupente où il y avait un lit de sangle qui échut à Toussaint. La salle à manger était en même temps l'antichambre et séparait les deux chambres à coucher. L'appartement était pourvu des ustensiles nécessaires.&lt;br /&gt;
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On se rassure presque aussi follement qu'on s'inquiète; la nature humaine est ainsi. À peine Jean Valjean fut-il rue de l'Homme-Armé que son anxiété s'éclaircit, et, par degrés, se dissipa. Il y a des lieux calmants qui agissent en quelque sorte mécaniquement sur l'esprit. Rue obscure, habitants paisibles. Jean Valjean sentit on ne sait quelle contagion de tranquillité dans cette ruelle de l'ancien Paris, si étroite qu'elle est barrée aux voitures par un madrier transversal posé sur deux poteaux, muette et sourde au milieu de la ville en rumeur, crépusculaire en plein jour, et, pour ainsi dire, incapable d'émotions entre ses deux rangées de hautes maisons centenaires qui se taisent comme des vieillards qu'elles sont. Il y a dans cette rue de l'oubli stagnant. Jean Valjean y respira. Le moyen qu'on pût le trouver là?&lt;br /&gt;
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Son premier soin fut de mettre l'inséparable à côté de lui.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il dormit bien. La nuit conseille, on peut ajouter: la nuit apaise. Le lendemain matin, il s'éveilla presque gai. Il trouva charmante la salle à manger qui était hideuse, meublée d'une vieille table ronde, d'un buffet bas que surmontait un miroir penché, d'un fauteuil vermoulu et de quelques chaises encombrées des paquets de Toussaint. Dans un de ces paquets, on apercevait par un hiatus l'uniforme de garde national de Jean Valjean.&lt;br /&gt;
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Quant à Cosette, elle s'était fait apporter par Toussaint un bouillon dans sa chambre, et ne parut que le soir.&lt;br /&gt;
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Vers cinq heures, Toussaint, qui allait et venait, très occupée de ce petit emménagement, avait mis sur la table de la salle à manger une volaille froide que Cosette, par déférence pour son père, avait consenti à regarder.&lt;br /&gt;
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Cela fait, Cosette, prétextant une migraine persistante, avait dit bonsoir à Jean Valjean et s'était enfermée dans sa chambre à coucher. Jean Valjean avait mangé une aile de poulet avec appétit, et accoudé sur la table, rasséréné peu à peu, rentrait en possession de sa sécurité.&lt;br /&gt;
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Pendant qu'il faisait ce sobre dîner, il avait perçu confusément, à deux ou trois reprises, le bégayement de Toussaint qui lui disait:—Monsieur, il y a du train, on se bat dans Paris. Mais, absorbé dans une foule de combinaisons intérieures, il n'y avait point pris garde. À vrai dire, il n'avait pas entendu.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il se leva, et se mit à marcher de la fenêtre à la porte et de la porte à la fenêtre, de plus en plus apaisé.&lt;br /&gt;
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Avec le calme, Cosette, sa préoccupation unique, revenait dans sa pensée. Non qu'il s'émût de cette migraine, petite crise de nerfs, bouderie de jeune fille, nuage d'un moment, il n'y paraîtrait pas dans un jour ou deux; mais il songeait à l'avenir, et, comme d'habitude, il y songeait avec douceur. Après tout, il ne voyait aucun obstacle à ce que la vie heureuse reprît son cours. À de certaines heures, tout semble impossible; à d'autres heures, tout paraît aisé; Jean Valjean était dans une de ces bonnes heures. Elles viennent d'ordinaire après les mauvaises, comme le jour après la nuit, par cette loi de succession et de contraste qui est le fond même de la nature et que les esprits superficiels appellent antithèse. Dans cette paisible rue où il se réfugiait, Jean Valjean se dégageait de tout ce qui l'avait troublé depuis quelque temps. Par cela même qu'il avait vu beaucoup de ténèbres, il commençait à apercevoir un peu d'azur. Avoir quitté la rue Plumet sans complication et sans incident, c'était déjà un bon pas de fait. Peut-être serait-il sage de se dépayser, ne fût-ce que pour quelques mois, et d'aller à Londres. Eh bien, on irait. Être en France, être en Angleterre, qu'est-ce que cela faisait, pourvu qu'il eût près de lui Cosette? Cosette était sa nation. Cosette suffisait à son bonheur; l'idée qu'il ne suffisait peut-être pas, lui, au bonheur de Cosette, cette idée, qui avait été autrefois sa fièvre et son insomnie, ne se présentait même pas à son esprit. Il était dans le collapsus de toutes ses douleurs passées, et en plein optimisme. Cosette, étant près de lui, lui semblait à lui; effet d'optique que tout le monde a éprouvé. Il arrangeait en lui-même, et avec toutes sortes de facilités, le départ pour l'Angleterre avec Cosette, et il voyait sa félicité se reconstruire n'importe où dans les perspectives de sa rêverie.&lt;br /&gt;
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Tout en marchant de long en large à pas lents, son regard rencontra tout à coup quelque chose d'étrange.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il aperçut en face de lui, dans le miroir incliné qui surmontait le buffet, et il lut distinctement les quatre lignes que voici:&lt;br /&gt;
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«Mon bien-aimé, hélas! mon père veut que nous partions tout de suite. Nous serons ce soir rue de l'Homme-Armé, nº 7. Dans huit jours nous serons à Londres. COSETTE. 4 juin.»&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean s'arrêta hagard.&lt;br /&gt;
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Cosette en arrivant avait posé son buvard sur le buffet devant le miroir, et, toute à sa douloureuse angoisse, l'avait oublié là, sans même remarquer qu'elle le laissait tout ouvert, et ouvert précisément à la page sur laquelle elle avait appuyé, pour les sécher, les quatre lignes écrites par elle et dont elle avait chargé le jeune ouvrier passant rue Plumet. L'écriture s'était imprimée sur le buvard.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le miroir reflétait l'écriture.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il en résultait ce qu'on appelle en géométrie l'image symétrique; de telle sorte que l'écriture renversée sur le buvard s'offrait redressée dans le miroir et présentait son sens naturel; et Jean Valjean avait sous les yeux la lettre écrite la veille par Cosette à Marius.&lt;br /&gt;
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C'était simple et foudroyant.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean alla au miroir. Il relut les quatre lignes, mais il n'y crut point. Elles lui faisaient l'effet d'apparaître dans de la lueur d'éclair. C'était une hallucination. Cela était impossible. Cela n'était pas.&lt;br /&gt;
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Peu à peu sa perception devint plus précise; il regarda le buvard de Cosette, et le sentiment du fait réel lui revint. Il prit le buvard et dit: Cela vient de là. Il examina fiévreusement les quatre lignes imprimées sur le buvard, le renversement des lettres en faisait un griffonnage bizarre, et il n'y vit aucun sens. Alors il se dit: Mais cela ne signifie rien, il n'y a rien d'écrit là. Et il respira à pleine poitrine avec un inexprimable soulagement. Qui n'a pas eu de ces joies bêtes dans les instants horribles? L'âme ne se rend pas au désespoir sans avoir épuisé toutes les illusions.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il tenait le buvard à la main et le contemplait, stupidement heureux, presque prêt à rire de l'hallucination dont il avait été dupe. Tout à coup ses yeux retombèrent sur le miroir, et il revit la vision. Les quatre lignes s'y dessinaient avec une netteté inexorable. Cette fois ce n'était pas un mirage. La récidive d'une vision est une réalité, c'était palpable, c'était l'écriture redressée dans le miroir. Il comprit.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean chancela, laissa échapper le buvard, et s'affaissa dans le vieux fauteuil à côté du buffet, la tête tombante, la prunelle vitreuse, égaré. Il se dit que c'était évident, et que la lumière du monde était à jamais éclipsée, et que Cosette avait écrit cela à quelqu'un. Alors il entendit son âme, redevenue terrible, pousser dans les ténèbres un sourd rugissement. Allez donc ôter au lion le chien qu'il a dans sa cage!&lt;br /&gt;
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Chose bizarre et triste, en ce moment-là, Marius n'avait pas encore la lettre de Cosette; le hasard l'avait portée en traître à Jean Valjean avant de la remettre à Marius.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean jusqu'à ce jour n'avait pas été vaincu par l'épreuve. Il avait été soumis à des essais affreux; pas une voie de fait de la mauvaise fortune ne lui avait été épargnée; la férocité du sort, armée de toutes les vindictes et de toutes les méprises sociales, l'avait pris pour sujet et s'était acharnée sur lui. Il n'avait reculé ni fléchi devant rien. Il avait accepté, quand il l'avait fallu, toutes les extrémités; il avait sacrifié son inviolabilité d'homme reconquise, livré sa liberté, risqué sa tête, tout perdu, tout souffert, et il était resté désintéressé et stoïque, au point que par moments on aurait pu le croire absent de lui-même comme un martyr. Sa conscience, aguerrie à tous les assauts possibles de l'adversité, pouvait sembler à jamais imprenable. Eh bien, quelqu'un qui eût vu son for intérieur eût été forcé de constater qu'à cette heure elle faiblissait.&lt;br /&gt;
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C'est que de toutes les tortures qu'il avait subies dans cette longue question que lui donnait la destinée, celle-ci était la plus redoutable. Jamais pareille tenaille ne l'avait saisi. Il sentit le remuement mystérieux de toutes les sensibilités latentes. Il sentit le pincement de la fibre inconnue. Hélas, l'épreuve suprême, disons mieux, l'épreuve unique, c'est la perte de l'être aimé.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le pauvre vieux Jean Valjean n'aimait, certes, pas Cosette autrement que comme un père; mais, nous l'avons fait remarquer plus haut, dans cette paternité la viduité même de sa vie avait introduit tous les amours; il aimait Cosette comme sa fille, et il l'aimait comme sa mère, et il l'aimait comme sa sœur; et, comme il n'avait jamais eu ni amante ni épouse, comme la nature est un créancier qui n'accepte aucun protêt, ce sentiment-là aussi, le plus imperdable de tous, était mêlé aux autres, vague, ignorant, pur de la pureté de l'aveuglement, inconscient, céleste, angélique, divin; moins comme un sentiment que comme un instinct, moins comme un instinct que comme un attrait, imperceptible et invisible, mais réel; et l'amour proprement dit était dans sa tendresse énorme pour Cosette comme le filon d'or est dans la montagne, ténébreux et vierge.&lt;br /&gt;
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Qu'on se rappelle cette situation de cœur que nous avons indiquée déjà. Aucun mariage n'était possible entre eux, pas même celui des âmes; et cependant il est certain que leurs destinées s'étaient épousées. Excepté Cosette, c'est-à-dire excepté une enfance, Jean Valjean n'avait, dans toute sa longue vie, rien connu de ce qu'on peut aimer. Les passions et les amours qui se succèdent n'avaient point fait en lui de ces verts successifs, vert tendre sur vert sombre, qu'on remarque sur les feuillages qui passent l'hiver et sur les hommes qui passent la cinquantaine. En somme, et nous y avons plus d'une fois insisté, toute cette fusion intérieure, tout cet ensemble, dont la résultante était une haute vertu, aboutissait à faire de Jean Valjean un père pour Cosette. Père étrange forgé de l'aïeul, du fils, du frère et du mari qu'il y avait dans Jean Valjean; père dans lequel il y avait même une mère; père qui aimait Cosette et qui l'adorait, et qui avait cette enfant pour lumière, pour demeure, pour famille, pour patrie, pour paradis.&lt;br /&gt;
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Aussi, quand il vit que c'était décidément fini, qu'elle lui échappait, qu'elle glissait de ses mains, qu'elle se dérobait, que c'était du nuage, que c'était de l'eau, quand il eut devant les yeux cette évidence écrasante: un autre est le but de son cœur, un autre est le souhait de sa vie; il y a le bien-aimé, je ne suis que le père; je n'existe plus; quand il ne put plus douter, quand il se dit: Elle s'en va hors de moi! la douleur qu'il éprouva dépassa le possible. Avoir fait tout ce qu'il avait fait pour en venir là! et, quoi donc! n'être rien! Alors, comme nous venons de le dire, il eut de la tête aux pieds un frémissement de révolte. Il sentit jusque dans la racine de ses cheveux l'immense réveil de l'égoïsme, et le moi hurla dans l'abîme de cet homme.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il y a des effondrements intérieurs. La pénétration d'une certitude désespérante dans l'homme ne se fait point sans écarter et rompre de certains éléments profonds qui sont quelquefois l'homme lui-même. La douleur, quand elle arrive à ce degré, est un sauve-qui-peut de toutes les forces de la conscience. Ce sont là des crises fatales. Peu d'entre nous en sortent semblables à eux-mêmes et fermes dans le devoir. Quand la limite de la souffrance est débordée, la vertu la plus imperturbable se déconcerte. Jean Valjean reprit le buvard, et se convainquit de nouveau; il resta penché et comme pétrifié sur les quatre lignes irrécusables, l'œil fixe; et il se fit en lui un tel nuage qu'on eût pu croire que tout le dedans de cette âme s'écroulait.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il examina cette révélation, à travers les grossissements de la rêverie, avec un calme apparent et effrayant, car c'est une chose redoutable quand le calme de l'homme arrive à la froideur de la statue.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il mesura le pas épouvantable que sa destinée avait fait sans qu'il s'en doutât; il se rappela ses craintes de l'autre été, si follement dissipées; il reconnut le précipice; c'était toujours le même; seulement Jean Valjean n'était plus au seuil, il était au fond.&lt;br /&gt;
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Chose inouïe et poignante, il y était tombé sans s'en apercevoir. Toute la lumière de sa vie s'en était allée, lui croyant voir toujours le soleil.&lt;br /&gt;
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Son instinct n'hésita point. Il rapprocha certaines circonstances, certaines dates, certaines rougeurs et certaines pâleurs de Cosette, et il se dit: C'est lui. La divination du désespoir est une sorte d'arc mystérieux qui ne manque jamais son coup. Dès sa première conjecture, il atteignit Marius. Il ne savait pas le nom, mais il trouva tout de suite l'homme. Il aperçut distinctement, au fond de l'implacable évocation du souvenir, le rôdeur inconnu du Luxembourg, ce misérable chercheur d'amourettes, ce fainéant de romance, cet imbécile, ce lâche, car c'est une lâcheté de venir faire les yeux doux à des filles qui ont à côté d'elles leur père qui les aime.&lt;br /&gt;
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Après qu'il eut bien constaté qu'au fond de cette situation il y avait ce jeune homme, et que tout venait de là, lui, Jean Valjean, l'homme régénéré, l'homme qui avait tant travaillé à son âme, l'homme qui avait fait tant d'efforts pour résoudre toute la vie, toute la misère et tout le malheur en amour, il regarda en lui-même et il y vit un spectre, la Haine.&lt;br /&gt;
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Les grandes douleurs contiennent de l'accablement. Elles découragent d'être. L'homme chez lequel elles entrent sent quelque chose se retirer de lui. Dans la jeunesse, leur visite est lugubre; plus tard, elle est sinistre. Hélas, quand le sang est chaud, quand les cheveux sont noirs, quand la tête est droite sur le corps comme la flamme sur le flambeau, quand le rouleau de la destinée a encore presque toute son épaisseur, quand le cœur, plein d'un amour désirable, a encore des battements qu'on peut lui rendre, quand on a devant soi le temps de réparer, quand toutes les femmes sont là, et tous les sourires, et tout l'avenir, et tout l'horizon, quand la force de la vie est complète, si c'est une chose effroyable que le désespoir, qu'est-ce donc dans la vieillesse, quand les années se précipitent de plus en plus blêmissantes, à cette heure crépusculaire où l'on commence à voir les étoiles de la tombe!&lt;br /&gt;
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Tandis qu'il songeait, Toussaint entra, Jean Valjean se leva, et lui demanda:&lt;br /&gt;
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—De quel côté est-ce? savez-vous?&lt;br /&gt;
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Toussaint, stupéfaite, ne put que lui répondre:&lt;br /&gt;
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—Plaît-il?&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
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—Ne m'avez-vous pas dit tout à l'heure qu'on se bat?&lt;br /&gt;
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—Ah! oui, monsieur, répondit Toussaint. C'est du côté de Saint-Merry.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il y a tel mouvement machinal qui nous vient, à notre insu même, de notre pensée la plus profonde. Ce fut sans doute sous l'impulsion d'un mouvement de ce genre, et dont il avait à peine conscience, que Jean Valjean se trouva cinq minutes après dans la rue.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il était nu-tête, assis sur la borne de la porte de sa maison. Il semblait écouter.&lt;br /&gt;
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La nuit était venue.&lt;br /&gt;
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==English Text==&lt;br /&gt;
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What are the convulsions of a city in comparison with the insurrections of the soul? Man is a depth still greater than the people. Jean Valjean at that very moment was the prey of a terrible upheaval. Every sort of gulf had opened again within him. He also was trembling, like Paris, on the brink of an obscure and formidable revolution. A few hours had sufficed to bring this about. His destiny and his conscience had suddenly been covered with gloom. Of him also, as well as of Paris, it might have been said: &amp;quot;Two principles are face to face. The white angel and the black angel are about to seize each other on the bridge of the abyss. Which of the two will hurl the other over? Who will carry the day?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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On the evening preceding this same 5th of June, Jean Valjean, accompanied by Cosette and Toussaint had installed himself in the Rue de l'Homme Arme. A change awaited him there.&lt;br /&gt;
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Cosette had not quitted the Rue Plumet without making an effort at resistance. For the first time since they had lived side by side, Cosette's will and the will of Jean Valjean had proved to be distinct, and had been in opposition, at least, if they had not clashed. There had been objections on one side and inflexibility on the other. The abrupt advice: &amp;quot;Leave your house,&amp;quot; hurled at Jean Valjean by a stranger, had alarmed him to the extent of rendering him pèremptory. He thought that he had been traced and followed. Cosette had been obliged to give way.&lt;br /&gt;
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Both had arrived in the Rue de l'Homme Arme without opening their lips, and without uttering a word, each being absorbed in his own personal preoccupation; Jean Valjean so uneasy that he did not notice Cosette's sadness, Cosette so sad that she did not notice Jean Valjean's uneasiness.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean had taken Toussaint with him, a thing which he had never done in his previous absences. He perceived the possibility of not returning to the Rue Plumet, and he could neither leave Toussaint behind nor confide his secret to her. Besides, he felt that she was devoted and trustworthy. Treachery between master and servant begins in curiosity. Now Toussaint, as though she had been destined to be Jean Valjean's servant, was not curious. She stammered in her peasant dialect of Barneville: &amp;quot;I am made so; I do my work; the rest is no affair of mine.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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In this departure from the Rue Plumet, which had been almost a flight, Jean Valjean had carried away nothing but the little embalmed valise, baptized by Cosette &amp;quot;the inseparable.&amp;quot; Full trunks would have required porters, and porters are witnesses. A fiacre had been summoned to the door on the Rue de Babylone, and they had taken their departure.&lt;br /&gt;
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It was with difficulty that Toussaint had obtained permission to pack up a little linen and clothes and a few toilet articles. Cosette had taken only her portfolio and her blotting-book.&lt;br /&gt;
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Jean Valjean, with a view to augmenting the solitude and the mystery of this departure, had arranged to quit the pavilion of the Rue Plumet only at dusk, which had allowed Cosette time to write her note to Marius. They had arrived in the Rue de l'Homme Arme after night had fully fallen.&lt;br /&gt;
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They had gone to bed in silence.&lt;br /&gt;
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The lodgings in the Rue de l'Homme Arme were situated on a back court, on the second floor, and were composed of two sleeping-rooms, a dining-room and a kitchen adjoining the dining-room, with a garret where there was a folding-bed, and which fell to Toussaint's share. The dining-room was an antechamber as well, and separated the two bedrooms. The apartment was provided with all necessary utensils.&lt;br /&gt;
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People re-acquire confidence as foolishly as they lose it; human nature is so constituted. Hardly had Jean Valjean reached the Rue de l'Homme Arme when his anxiety was lightened and by degrees dissipated. There are soothing spots which act in some sort mechanically on the mind. An obscure street, peaceable inhabitants. Jean Valjean experienced an indescribable contagion of tranquillity in that alley of ancient Paris, which is so narrow that it is barred against carriages by a transverse beam placed on two posts, which is deaf and dumb in the midst of the clamorous city, dimly lighted at mid-day, and is, so to speak, incapable of emotions between two rows of lofty houses centuries old, which hold their peace like ancients as they are. There was a touch of stagnant oblivion in that street. Jean Valjean drew his breath once more there. How could he be found there?&lt;br /&gt;
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His first care was to place the inseparable beside him.&lt;br /&gt;
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He slept well. Night brings wisdom; we may add, night soothes. On the following morning he awoke in a mood that was almost gay. He thought the dining-room charming, though it was hideous, furnished with an old round table, a long sideboard surmounted by a slanting mirror, a dilapidated arm-chair, and several plain chairs which were encumbered with Toussaint's packages. In one of these packages Jean Valjean's uniform of a National Guard was visible through a rent.&lt;br /&gt;
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As for Cosette, she had had Toussaint take some broth to her room, and did not make her appearance until evening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About five o'clock, Toussaint, who was going and coming and busying herself with the tiny establishment, set on the table a cold chicken, which Cosette, out of deference to her father, consented to glance at.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That done, Cosette, under the pretext of an obstinate sick headache, had bade Jean Valjean good night and had shut herself up in her chamber. Jean Valjean had eaten a wing of the chicken with a good appetite, and with his elbows on the table, having gradually recovered his serenity, had regained possession of his sense of security.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While he was discussing this modest dinner, he had, twice or thrice, noticed in a confused way, Toussaint's stammering words as she said to him: &amp;quot;Monsieur, there is something going on, they are fighting in Paris.&amp;quot; But absorbed in a throng of inward calculations, he had paid no heed to it. To tell the truth, he had not heard her. He rose and began to pace from the door to the window and from the window to the door, growing ever more serene.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
With this calm, Cosette, his sole anxiety, recurred to his thoughts. Not that he was troubled by this headache, a little nervous crisis, a young girl's fit of sulks, the cloud of a moment, there would be nothing left of it in a day or two; but he meditated on the future, and, as was his habit, he thought of it with pleasure. After all, he saw no obstacle to their happy life resuming its course. At certain hours, everything seems impossible, at others everything appears easy; Jean Valjean was in the midst of one of these good hours. They generally succeed the bad ones, as day follows night, by virtue of that law of succession and of contrast which lies at the very foundation of nature, and which superficial minds call antithesis. In this peaceful street where he had taken refuge, Jean Valjean got rid of all that had been troubling him for some time past. This very fact, that he had seen many shadows, made him begin to perceive a little azure. To have quitted the Rue Plumet without complications or incidents was one good step already accomplished. Perhaps it would be wise to go abroad, if only for a few months, and to set out for London. Well, they would go. What difference did it make to him whether he was in France or in England, provided he had Cosette beside him? Cosette was his nation. Cosette sufficed for his happiness; the idea that he, perhaps, did not suffice for Cosette's happiness, that idea which had formerly been the cause of his fever and sleeplessness, did not even present itself to his mind. He was in a state of collapse from all his past sufferings, and he was fully entered on optimism. Cosette was by his side, she seemed to be his; an optical illusion which every one has experienced. He arranged in his own mind, with all sorts of felicitous devices, his departure for England with Cosette, and he beheld his felicity reconstituted wherever he pleased, in the perspective of his revery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As he paced to and fro with long strides, his glance suddenly encountered something strange.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the inclined mirror facing him which surmounted the sideboard, he saw the four lines which follow:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;My dearest, alas! my father insists on our setting out immediately. We shall be this evening in the Rue de l'Homme Arme, No. 7. In a week we shall be in England. COSETTE. June 4th.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean halted, perfectly haggard.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cosette on her arrival had placed her blotting-book on the sideboard in front of the mirror, and, utterly absorbed in her agony of grief, had forgotten it and left it there, without even observing that she had left it wide open, and open at precisely the page on which she had laid to dry the four lines which she had penned, and which she had given in charge of the young workman in the Rue Plumet. The writing had been printed off on the blotter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The mirror reflected the writing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The result was, what is called in geometry, the symmetrical image; so that the writing, reversed on the blotter, was righted in the mirror and presented its natural appearance; and Jean Valjean had beneath his eyes the letter written by Cosette to Marius on the preceding evening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was simple and withering.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean stepped up to the mirror. He read the four lines again, but he did not believe them. They produced on him the effect of appearing in a flash of lightning. It was a hallucination, it was impossible. It was not so.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Little by little, his perceptions became more precise; he looked at Cosette's blotting-book, and the consciousness of the reality returned to him. He caught up the blotter and said: &amp;quot;It comes from there.&amp;quot; He feverishly examined the four lines imprinted on the blotter, the reversal of the letters converted into an odd scrawl, and he saw no sense in it. Then he said to himself: &amp;quot;But this signifies nothing; there is nothing written here.&amp;quot; And he drew a long breath with inexpressible relief. Who has not experienced those foolish joys in horrible instants? The soul does not surrender to despair until it has exhausted all illusions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He held the blotter in his hand and contemplated it in stupid delight, almost ready to laugh at the hallucination of which he had been the dupe. All at once his eyes fell upon the mirror again, and again he beheld the vision. There were the four lines outlined with inexorable clearness. This time it was no mirage. The recurrence of a vision is a reality; it was palpable, it was the writing restored in the mirror. He understood.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean tottered, dropped the blotter, and fell into the old arm-chair beside the buffet, with drooping head, and glassy eyes, in utter bewilderment. He told himself that it was plain, that the light of the world had been eclipsed forever, and that Cosette had written that to some one. Then he heard his soul, which had become terrible once more, give vent to a dull roar in the gloom. Try then the effect of taking from the lion the dog which he has in his cage!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Strange and sad to say, at that very moment, Marius had not yet received Cosette's letter; chance had treacherously carried it to Jean Valjean before delivering it to Marius. Up to that day, Jean Valjean had not been vanquished by trial. He had been subjected to fearful proofs; no violence of bad fortune had been spared him; the ferocity of fate, armed with all vindictiveness and all social scorn, had taken him for her prey and had raged against him. He had accepted every extremity when it had been necessary; he had sacrificed his inviolability as a reformed man, had yielded up his liberty, risked his head, lost everything, suffered everything, and he had remained disinterested and stoical to such a point that he might have been thought to be absent from himself like a martyr. His conscience inured to every assault of destiny, might have appeared to be forever impregnable. Well, any one who had beheld his spiritual self would have been obliged to concede that it weakened at that moment. It was because, of all the tortures which he had undergone in the course of this long inquisition to which destiny had doomed him, this was the most terrible. Never had such pincers seized him hitherto. He felt the mysterious stirring of all his latent sensibilities. He felt the plucking at the strange chord. Alas! the supreme trial, let us say rather, the only trial, is the loss of the beloved being.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Poor old Jean Valjean certainly did not love Cosette otherwise than as a father; but we have already remarked, above, that into this paternity the widowhood of his life had introduced all the shades of love; he loved Cosette as his daughter, and he loved her as his mother, and he loved her as his sister; and, as he had never had either a woman to love or a wife, as nature is a creditor who accepts no protest, that sentiment also, the most impossible to lose, was mingled with the rest, vague, ignorant, pure with the purity of blindness, unconscious, celestial, angelic, divine; less like a sentiment than like an instinct, less like an instinct than like an imperceptible and invisible but real attraction; and love, properly speaking, was, in his immense tenderness for Cosette, like the thread of gold in the mountain, concealed and virgin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let the reader recall the situation of heart which we have already indicated. No marriage was possible between them; not even that of souls; and yet, it is certain that their destinies were wedded. With the exception of Cosette, that is to say, with the exception of a childhood, Jean Valjean had never, in the whole of his long life, known anything of that which may be loved. The passions and loves which succeed each other had not produced in him those successive green growths, tender green or dark green, which can be seen in foliage which passes through the winter and in men who pass fifty. In short, and we have insisted on it more than once, all this interior fusion, all this whole, of which the sum total was a lofty virtue, ended in rendering Jean Valjean a father to Cosette. A strange father, forged from the grandfather, the son, the brother, and the husband, that existed in Jean Valjean; a father in whom there was included even a mother; a father who loved Cosette and adored her, and who held that child as his light, his home, his family, his country, his paradise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thus when he saw that the end had absolutely come, that she was escaping from him, that she was slipping from his hands, that she was gliding from him, like a cloud, like water, when he had before his eyes this crushing proof: &amp;quot;another is the goal of her heart, another is the wish of her life; there is a dearest one, I am no longer anything but her father, I no longer exist&amp;quot;; when he could no longer doubt, when he said to himself: &amp;quot;She is going away from me!&amp;quot; the grief which he felt surpassed the bounds of possibility. To have done all that he had done for the purpose of ending like this! And the very idea of being nothing! Then, as we have just said, a quiver of revolt ran through him from head to foot. He felt, even in the very roots of his hair, the immense reawakening of egotism, and the I in this man's abyss howled.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is such a thing as the sudden giving way of the inward subsoil. A despairing certainty does not make its way into a man without thrusting aside and breaking certain profound elements which, in some cases, are the very man himself. Grief, when it attains this shape, is a headlong flight of all the forces of the conscience. These are fatal crises. Few among us emerge from them still like ourselves and firm in duty. When the limit of endurance is overstepped, the most imperturbable virtue is disconcerted. Jean Valjean took the blotter again, and convinced himself afresh; he remained bowed and as though petrified and with staring eyes, over those four unobjectionable lines; and there arose within him such a cloud that one might have thought that everything in this soul was crumbling away.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He examined this revelation, athwart the exaggerations of revery, with an apparent and terrifying calmness, for it is a fearful thing when a man's calmness reaches the coldness of the statue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He measured the terrible step which his destiny had taken without his having a suspicion of the fact; he recalled his fears of the preceding summer, so foolishly dissipated; he recognized the precipice, it was still the same; only, Jean Valjean was no longer on the brink, he was at the bottom of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The unprecedented and heart-rending thing about it was that he had fallen without perceiving it. All the light of his life had departed, while he still fancied that he beheld the sun.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His instinct did not hesitate. He put together certain circumstances, certain dates, certain blushes and certain pallors on Cosette's part, and he said to himself: &amp;quot;It is he.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The divination of despair is a sort of mysterious bow which never misses its aim. He struck Marius with his first conjecture. He did not know the name, but he found the man instantly. He distinctly perceived, in the background of the implacable conjuration of his memories, the unknown prowler of the Luxembourg, that wretched seeker of love adventures, that idler of romance, that idiot, that coward, for it is cowardly to come and make eyes at young girls who have beside them a father who loves them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After he had thoroughly verified the fact that this young man was at the bottom of this situation, and that everything proceeded from that quarter, he, Jean Valjean, the regenerated man, the man who had so labored over his soul, the man who had made so many efforts to resolve all life, all misery, and all unhappiness into love, looked into his own breast and there beheld a spectre, Hate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Great griefs contain something of dejection. They discourage one with existence. The man into whom they enter feels something within him withdraw from him. In his youth, their visits are lugubrious; later on they are sinister. Alas, if despair is a fearful thing when the blood is hot, when the hair is black, when the head is erect on the body like the flame on the torch, when the roll of destiny still retains its full thickness, when the heart, full of desirable love, still possesses beats which can be returned to it, when one has time for redress, when all women and all smiles and all the future and all the horizon are before one, when the force of life is complete, what is it in old age, when the years hasten on, growing ever paler, to that twilight hour when one begins to behold the stars of the tomb?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While he was meditating, Toussaint entered. Jean Valjean rose and asked her:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In what quarter is it? Do you know?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Toussaint was struck dumb, and could only answer him:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What is it, sir?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean began again: &amp;quot;Did you not tell me that just now that there is fighting going on?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah! yes, sir,&amp;quot; replied Toussaint. &amp;quot;It is in the direction of Saint-Merry.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There is a mechanical movement which comes to us, unconsciously, from the most profound depths of our thought. It was, no doubt, under the impulse of a movement of this sort, and of which he was hardly conscious, that Jean Valjean, five minutes later, found himself in the street.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Bareheaded, he sat upon the stone post at the door of his house. He seemed to be listening.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Night had come.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_11/Chapter_5&amp;diff=188588</id>
		<title>Volume 4/Book 11/Chapter 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_11/Chapter_5&amp;diff=188588"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:35:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Human-ithink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Eleventh: The Atom Fraternizes with the Hurricane, Chapter 5: The Old Man&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4: L'idylle rue Plumet et l'épopée rue Saint-Denis, Livre onzième: L'atome fraternise avec l'ouragan, Chapitre 5: Le vieillard)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disons ce qui s'était passé:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Enjolras et ses amis étaient sur le boulevard Bourdon près des greniers d'abondance au moment où les dragons avaient chargé. Enjolras, Courfeyrac et Combeferre étaient de ceux qui avaient pris par la rue Bassompierre en criant: Aux barricades! Rue Lesdiguières ils avaient rencontré un vieillard qui cheminait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce qui avait appelé leur attention, c'est que ce bonhomme marchait en zigzag comme s'il était ivre. En outre il avait son chapeau à la main, quoiqu'il eût plu toute la matinée et qu'il plût assez fort en ce moment-là même. Courfeyrac avait reconnu le père Mabeuf. Il le connaissait pour avoir maintes fois accompagné Marius jusqu'à sa porte. Sachant les habitudes paisibles et plus que timides du vieux marguillier bouquiniste, et stupéfait de le voir au milieu de ce tumulte, à deux pas des charges de cavalerie, presque au milieu d'une fusillade, décoiffé sous la pluie et se promenant parmi les balles, il l'avait abordé, et l'émeutier de vingt-cinq ans et l'octogénaire avaient échangé ce dialogue:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Monsieur Mabeuf, rentrez chez vous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Pourquoi?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Il va y avoir du tapage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—C'est bon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Des coups de sabre, des coups de fusil, monsieur Mabeuf.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—C'est bon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Des coups de canon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—C'est bon. Où allez-vous, vous autres?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Nous allons flanquer le gouvernement par terre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—C'est bon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et il s'était mis à les suivre. Depuis ce moment-là, il n'avait pas prononcé une parole. Son pas était devenu ferme tout à coup, des ouvriers lui avaient offert le bras, il avait refusé d'un signe de tête. Il s'avançait presque au premier rang de la colonne, ayant tout à la fois le mouvement d'un homme qui marche et le visage d'un homme qui dort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Quel bonhomme enragé! murmuraient les étudiants. Le bruit courait dans l'attroupement que c'était—un ancien conventionnel,—un vieux régicide.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le rassemblement avait pris par la rue de la Verrerie. Le petit Gavroche marchait en avant avec ce chant à tue-tête qui faisait de lui une espèce de clairon. Il chantait:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voici la lune qui paraît,&lt;br /&gt;
Quand irons-nous dans la forêt?&lt;br /&gt;
Demandait Charlot à Charlotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tou tou tou&lt;br /&gt;
Pour Chatou.&lt;br /&gt;
Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard et qu'une botte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pour avoir bu de grand matin&lt;br /&gt;
La rosée à même le thym,&lt;br /&gt;
Deux moineaux étaient en ribote.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Zi zi zi&lt;br /&gt;
Pour Passy.&lt;br /&gt;
Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard et qu'une botte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et ces deux pauvres petits loups&lt;br /&gt;
Comme deux grives étaient soûls;&lt;br /&gt;
Un tigre en riait dans sa grotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Don don don&lt;br /&gt;
Pour Meudon.&lt;br /&gt;
Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard et qu'une botte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'un jurait et l'autre sacrait.&lt;br /&gt;
Quand irons-nous dans la forêt?&lt;br /&gt;
Demandait Charlot à Charlotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tin tin tin&lt;br /&gt;
Pour Pantin.&lt;br /&gt;
Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard et qu'une botte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ils se dirigeaient vers Saint-Merry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 Enjolras and his friends had been on the Boulevard Bourdon, near the public storehouses, at the moment when the dragoons had made their charge. Enjolras, Courfeyrac, and Combeferre were among those who had taken to the Rue Bassompierre, shouting: &amp;quot;To the barricades!&amp;quot; In the Rue Lesdiguieres they had met an old man walking along. What had attracted their attention was that the goodman was walking in a zig-zag, as though he were intoxicated. Moreover, he had his hat in his hand, although it had been raining all the morning, and was raining pretty briskly at the very time. Courfeyrac had recognized Father Mabeuf. He knew him through having many times accompanied Marius as far as his door. As he was acquainted with the peaceful and more than timid habits of the old beadle-book-collector, and was amazed at the sight of him in the midst of that uproar, a couple of paces from the cavalry charges, almost in the midst of a fusillade, hatless in the rain, and strolling about among the bullets, he had accosted him, and the following dialogue had been exchanged between the rioter of fire and the octogenarian:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;M. Mabeuf, go to your home.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Why?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There's going to be a row.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That's well.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Thrusts with the sword and firing, M. Mabeuf.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is well.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Firing from cannon.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is good. Where are the rest of you going?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We are going to fling the government to the earth.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is good.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And he had set out to follow them. From that moment forth he had not uttered a word. His step had suddenly become firm; artisans had offered him their arms; he had refused with a sign of the head. He advanced nearly to the front rank of the column, with the movement of a man who is marching and the countenance of a man who is sleeping.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What a fierce old fellow!&amp;quot; muttered the students. The rumor spread through the troop that he was a former member of the Convention,—an old regicide. The mob had turned in through the Rue de la Verrerie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Little Gavroche marched in front with that deafening song which made of him a sort of trumpet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He sang:&lt;br /&gt;
           &amp;quot;Voici la lune qui paraît,&lt;br /&gt;
       Quand irons-nous dans la forêt?&lt;br /&gt;
       Demandait Charlot à Charlotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            Tou tou tou&lt;br /&gt;
            Pour Chatou.&lt;br /&gt;
       Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard, et qu'une botte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
       &amp;quot;Pour avoir bu de grand matin&lt;br /&gt;
        La rosee à même le thym,&lt;br /&gt;
        Deux moineaux étaient en ribotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            Zi zi zi&lt;br /&gt;
            Pour Passy.&lt;br /&gt;
       Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard, et qu'une botte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      &amp;quot;Et ces deux pauvres petits loups,&lt;br /&gt;
       Comme deux grives étaient souls;&lt;br /&gt;
       Un tigre en riait dans sa grotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
            Don don don&lt;br /&gt;
            Pour Meudon.&lt;br /&gt;
       Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard, et qu'une botte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
      &amp;quot;L'un jurait et l'autre sacrait.&lt;br /&gt;
       Quand irons nous dans la forêt?&lt;br /&gt;
       Demandait Charlot à Charlotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
             Tin tin tin&lt;br /&gt;
             Pour Pantin.&lt;br /&gt;
         Je n'ai qu'un Dieu, qu'un roi, qu'un liard, et qu'une botte.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They directed their course towards Saint-Merry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Voici la lune qui paraît===&lt;br /&gt;
Here is the morn appearing. When shall we go to the forest, Charlot asked Charlotte. Tou, tou, tou, for Chatou, I have but one God, one King, one half-farthing, and one boot. And these two poor little wolves were as tipsy as sparrows from having drunk dew and thyme very early in the morning. And these two poor little things were as drunk as thrushes in a vineyard; a tiger laughed at them in his cave. The one cursed, the other swore. When shall we go to the forest? Charlot asked Charlotte. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_3/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188587</id>
		<title>Volume 4/Book 3/Chapter 3</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_3/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188587"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:35:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Historymaker&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Third: The House in the Rue Plumet, Chapter 3: Foliis ac Frondibus&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4:  L'idylle rue Plumet et l'épopée rue Saint-Denis, Livre troisième: La maison de la rue Plumet, Chapitre 3: Foliis ac frondibus)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce jardin ainsi livré à lui-même depuis plus d'un demi-siècle était devenu extraordinaire et charmant. Les passant d'il y a quarante ans s'arrêtaient dans cette rue pour le contempler, sans se douter des secrets qu'il dérobait derrière ses épaisseurs fraîches et vertes. Plus d'un songeur à cette époque a laissé bien des fois ses yeux et sa pensée pénétrer indiscrètement à travers les barreaux de l'antique grille cadenassée, tordue, branlante, scellée à deux piliers verdis et moussus, bizarrement couronné d'un fronton d'arabesques indéchiffrables.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il y avait un banc de pierre dans un coin, une ou deux statues moisies, quelques treillages décloués par le temps pourrissant sur le mur; du reste plus d'allées ni de gazon; du chiendent partout. Le jardinage était parti, et la nature était revenue. Les mauvaises herbes abondaient, aventure admirable pour un pauvre coin de terre. La fête des giroflées y était splendide. Rien dans ce jardin ne contrariait l'effort sacré des choses vers la vie; la croissance vénérable était là chez elle. Les arbres s'étaient baissés vers les ronces, les ronces étaient montées vers les arbres, la plante avait grimpé, la branche avait fléchi, ce qui rampe sur la terre avait été trouver ce qui s'épanouit dans l'air, ce qui flotte au vent s'était penché vers ce qui se traîne dans la mousse; troncs, rameaux, feuilles, fibres, touffes, vrilles, sarments, épines, s'étaient mêlés, traversés, mariés, confondus; la végétation, dans un embrassement étroit et profond, avait célébré et accompli là, sous l'œil satisfait du créateur, en cet enclos de trois cents pieds carrés, le saint mystère de sa fraternité, symbole de la fraternité humaine. Ce jardin n'était plus un jardin, c'était une broussaille colossale; c'est-à-dire quelque chose qui est impénétrable comme une forêt, peuplé comme une ville, frissonnant comme un nid, sombre comme une cathédrale, odorant comme un bouquet, solitaire comme une tombe, vivant comme une foule.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
En floréal, cet énorme buisson, libre derrière sa grille et dans ses quatre murs, entrait en rut dans le sourd travail de la germination universelle, tressaillait au soleil levant presque comme une bête qui aspire les effluves de l'amour cosmique et qui sent la sève d'avril monter et bouillonner dans ses veines, et, secouant au vent sa prodigieuse chevelure verte, semait sur la terre humide, sur les statues frustes, sur le perron croulant du pavillon et jusque sur le pavé de la rue déserte, les fleurs en étoiles, la rosée en perles, la fécondité, la beauté, la vie, la joie, les parfums. À midi mille papillons blancs s'y réfugiaient, et c'était un spectacle divin de voir là tourbillonner en flocons dans l'ombre cette neige vivante de l'été. Là, dans ces gaies ténèbres de la verdure, une foule de voix innocentes parlaient doucement à l'âme, et ce que les gazouillements avaient oublié de dire, les bourdonnements le complétaient. Le soir une vapeur de rêverie se dégageait du jardin et l'enveloppait; un linceul de brume, une tristesse céleste et calme, le couvraient; l'odeur si enivrante des chèvrefeuilles et des liserons en sortait de toute part comme un poison exquis et subtil; on entendait les derniers appels des grimperaux et des bergeronnettes s'assoupissant sous les branchages; on y sentait cette intimité sacrée de l'oiseau et de l'arbre; le jour les ailes réjouissent les feuilles, la nuit les feuilles protègent les ailes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'hiver, la broussaille était noire, mouillée, hérissée, grelottante, et laissait un peu voir la maison. On apercevait, au lieu de fleurs dans les rameaux et de rosée dans les fleurs, les longs rubans d'argent des limaces sur le froid et épais tapis des feuilles jaunes; mais de toute façon, sous tout aspect, en toute saison, printemps, hiver, été, automne, ce petit enclos respirait la mélancolie, la contemplation, la solitude, la liberté, l'absence de l'homme, la présence de Dieu; et la vieille grille rouillée avait l'air de dire: ce jardin est à moi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le pavé de Paris avait beau être là tout autour, les hôtels classiques et splendides de la rue de Varenne à deux pas, le dôme des Invalides tout près, la Chambre des députés pas loin; les carrosses de la rue de Bourgogne et de la rue Saint-Dominique avaient beau rouler fastueusement dans le voisinage, les omnibus jaunes, bruns, blancs, rouges avaient beau se croiser dans le carrefour prochain, le désert était rue Plumet; et la mort des anciens propriétaires, une révolution qui avait passé, l'écroulement des antiques fortunes, l'absence, l'oubli, quarante ans d'abandon et de viduité, avaient suffi pour ramener dans ce lieu privilégié les fougères, les bouillons-blancs, les ciguës, les achillées, les digitales, les hautes herbes, les grandes plantes gaufrées aux larges feuilles de drap vert pâle, les lézards, les scarabées, les insectes inquiets et rapides; pour faire sortir des profondeurs de la terre et reparaître entre ces quatre murs je ne sais quelle grandeur sauvage et farouche; et pour que la nature, qui déconcerte les arrangements mesquins de l'homme et qui se répand toujours tout entière là où elle se répand, aussi bien dans la fourmi que dans l'aigle, en vînt à s'épanouir dans un méchant petit jardin parisien avec autant de rudesse et de majesté que dans une forêt vierge du Nouveau Monde.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rien n'est petit en effet; quiconque est sujet aux pénétrations profondes de la nature, le sait. Bien qu'aucune satisfaction absolue ne soit donnée à la philosophie, pas plus de circonscrire la cause que de limiter l'effet, le contemplateur tombe dans des extases sans fond à cause de toutes ces décompositions de forces aboutissant à l'unité. Tout travaille à tout.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'algèbre s'applique aux nuages; l'irradiation de l'astre profite à la rose; aucun penseur n'oserait dire que le parfum de l'aubépine est inutile aux constellations. Qui donc peut calculer le trajet d'une molécule? que savons-nous si des créations de mondes ne sont point déterminées par des chutes de grains de sable? qui donc connaît les flux et les reflux réciproques de l'infiniment grand et de l'infiniment petit, le retentissement des causes dans les précipices de l'être, et les avalanches de la création? Un ciron importe; le petit est grand, le grand est petit; tout est en équilibre dans la nécessité; effrayante vision pour l'esprit. Il y a entre les êtres et les choses des relations de prodige; dans cet inépuisable ensemble, de soleil à puceron, on ne se méprise pas; on a besoin les uns des autres. La lumière n'emporte pas dans l'azur les parfums terrestres sans savoir ce qu'elle en fait; la nuit fait des distributions d'essence stellaire aux fleurs endormies. Tous les oiseaux qui volent ont à la patte le fil de l'infini. La germination se complique de l'éclosion d'un météore et du coup de bec de l'hirondelle brisant l'œuf, et elle mène de front la naissance d'un ver de terre et l'avènement de Socrate. Où finit le télescope, le microscope commence. Lequel des deux a la vue la plus grande? Choisissez. Une moisissure est une pléiade de fleurs; une nébuleuse est une fourmilière d'étoiles. Même promiscuité, et plus inouïe encore, des choses de l'intelligence et des faits de la substance. Les éléments et les principes se mêlent, se combinent, s'épousent, se multiplient les uns par les autres, au point de faire aboutir le monde matériel et le monde moral à la même clarté. Le phénomène est en perpétuel repli sur lui-même. Dans les vastes échanges cosmiques, la vie universelle va et vient en quantités inconnues, roulant tout dans l'invisible mystère des effluves, employant tout, ne perdant pas un rêve de pas un sommeil, semant un animalcule ici, émiettant un astre là, oscillant et serpentant, faisant de la lumière une force et de la pensée un élément, disséminée et indivisible, dissolvant tout, excepté ce point géométrique, le moi; ramenant tout à l'âme atome; épanouissant tout en Dieu; enchevêtrant, depuis la plus haute jusqu'à la plus basse, toutes les activités dans l'obscurité d'un mécanisme vertigineux, rattachant le vol d'un insecte au mouvement de la terre, subordonnant, qui sait? ne fût-ce que par l'identité de la loi, l'évolution de la comète dans le firmament au tournoiement de l'infusoire dans la goutte d'eau. Machine faite d'esprit. Engrenage énorme dont le premier moteur est le moucheron et dont la dernière roue est le zodiaque.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The garden thus left to itself for more than half a century had become extraordinary and charming. The passers-by of forty years ago halted to gaze at it, without a suspicion of the secrets which it hid in its fresh and verdant depths. More than one dreamer of that epoch often allowed his thoughts and his eyes to penetrate indiscreetly between the bars of that ancient, padlocked gate, twisted, tottering, fastened to two green and moss-covered pillars, and oddly crowned with a pediment of undecipherable arabesque.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There was a stone bench in one corner, one or two mouldy statues, several lattices which had lost their nails with time, were rotting on the wall, and there were no walks nor turf; but there was enough grass everywhere. Gardening had taken its departure, and nature had returned. Weeds abounded, which was a great piece of luck for a poor corner of land. The festival of gilliflowers was something splendid. Nothing in this garden obstructed the sacred effort of things towards life; venerable growth reigned there among them. The trees had bent over towards the nettles, the plant had sprung upward, the branch had inclined, that which crawls on the earth had gone in search of that which expands in the air, that which floats on the wind had bent over towards that which trails in the moss; trunks, boughs, leaves, fibres, clusters, tendrils, shoots, spines, thorns, had mingled, crossed, married, confounded themselves in each other; vegetation in a deep and close embrace, had celebrated and accomplished there, under the well-pleased eye of the Creator, in that enclosure three hundred feet square, the holy mystery of fraternity, symbol of the human fraternity. This garden was no longer a garden, it was a colossal thicket, that is to say, something as impenetrable as a forest, as peopled as a city, quivering like a nest, sombre like a cathedral, fragrant like a bouquet, solitary as a tomb, living as a throng.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In Floreal this enormous thicket, free behind its gate and within its four walls, entered upon the secret labor of germination, quivered in the rising sun, almost like an animal which drinks in the breaths of cosmic love, and which feels the sap of April rising and boiling in its veins, and shakes to the wind its enormous wonderful green locks, sprinkled on the damp earth, on the defaced statues, on the crumbling steps of the pavilion, and even on the pavement of the deserted street, flowers like stars, dew like pearls, fecundity, beauty, life, joy, perfumes. At midday, a thousand white butterflies took refuge there, and it was a divine spectacle to see that living summer snow whirling about there in flakes amid the shade. There, in those gay shadows of verdure, a throng of innocent voices spoke sweetly to the soul, and what the twittering forgot to say the humming completed. In the evening, a dreamy vapor exhaled from the garden and enveloped it; a shroud of mist, a calm and celestial sadness covered it; the intoxicating perfume of the honeysuckles and convolvulus poured out from every part of it, like an exquisite and subtle poison; the last appeals of the woodpeckers and the wagtails were audible as they dozed among the branches; one felt the sacred intimacy of the birds and the trees; by day the wings rejoice the leaves, by night the leaves protect the wings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In winter the thicket was black, dripping, bristling, shivering, and allowed some glimpse of the house. Instead of flowers on the branches and dew in the flowers, the long silvery tracks of the snails were visible on the cold, thick carpet of yellow leaves; but in any fashion, under any aspect, at all seasons, spring, winter, summer, autumn, this tiny enclosure breathed forth melancholy, contemplation, solitude, liberty, the absence of man, the presence of God; and the rusty old gate had the air of saying: &amp;quot;This garden belongs to me.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was of no avail that the pavements of Paris were there on every side, the classic and splendid hotels of the Rue de Varennes a couple of paces away, the dome of the Invalides close at hand, the Chamber of Deputies not far off; the carriages of the Rue de Bourgogne and of the Rue Saint-Dominique rumbled luxuriously, in vain, in the vicinity, in vain did the yellow, brown, white, and red omnibuses cross each other's course at the neighboring cross-roads; the Rue Plumet was the desert; and the death of the former proprietors, the revolution which had passed over it, the crumbling away of ancient fortunes, absence, forgetfulness, forty years of abandonment and widowhood, had sufficed to restore to this privileged spot ferns, mulleins, hemlock, yarrow, tall weeds, great crimped plants, with large leaves of pale green cloth, lizards, beetles, uneasy and rapid insects; to cause to spring forth from the depths of the earth and to reappear between those four walls a certain indescribable and savage grandeur; and for nature, which disconcerts the petty arrangements of man, and which sheds herself always thoroughly where she diffuses herself at all, in the ant as well as in the eagle, to blossom out in a petty little Parisian garden with as much rude force and majesty as in a virgin forest of the New World.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nothing is small, in fact; any one who is subject to the profound and penetrating influence of nature knows this. Although no absolute satisfaction is given to philosophy, either to circumscribe the cause or to limit the effect, the contemplator falls into those unfathomable ecstasies caused by these decompositions of force terminating in unity. Everything toils at everything.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Algebra is applied to the clouds; the radiation of the star profits the rose; no thinker would venture to affirm that the perfume of the hawthorn is useless to the constellations. Who, then, can calculate the course of a molecule? How do we know that the creation of worlds is not determined by the fall of grains of sand? Who knows the reciprocal ebb and flow of the infinitely great and the infinitely little, the reverberations of causes in the precipices of being, and the avalanches of creation? The tiniest worm is of importance; the great is little, the little is great; everything is balanced in necessity; alarming vision for the mind. There are marvellous relations between beings and things; in that inexhaustible whole, from the sun to the grub, nothing despises the other; all have need of each other. The light does not bear away terrestrial perfumes into the azure depths, without knowing what it is doing; the night distributes stellar essences to the sleeping flowers. All birds that fly have round their leg the thread of the infinite. Germination is complicated with the bursting forth of a meteor and with the peck of a swallow cracking its egg, and it places on one level the birth of an earthworm and the advent of Socrates. Where the telescope ends, the microscope begins. Which of the two possesses the larger field of vision? Choose. A bit of mould is a pleiad of flowers; a nebula is an ant-hill of stars. The same promiscuousness, and yet more unprecedented, exists between the things of the intelligence and the facts of substance. Elements and principles mingle, combine, wed, multiply with each other, to such a point that the material and the moral world are brought eventually to the same clearness. The phenomenon is perpetually returning upon itself. In the vast cosmic exchanges the universal life goes and comes in unknown quantities, rolling entirely in the invisible mystery of effluvia, employing everything, not losing a single dream, not a single slumber, sowing an animalcule here, crumbling to bits a planet there, oscillating and winding, making of light a force and of thought an element, disseminated and invisible, dissolving all, except that geometrical point, the I; bringing everything back to the soul-atom; expanding everything in God, entangling all activity, from summit to base, in the obscurity of a dizzy mechanism, attaching the flight of an insect to the movement of the earth, subordinating, who knows? Were it only by the identity of the law, the evolution of the comet in the firmament to the whirling of the infusoria in the drop of water. A machine made of mind. Enormous gearing, the prime motor of which is the gnat, and whose final wheel is the zodiac. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Foliis ac frondibus===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In leaves and flowers&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Floréal===&lt;br /&gt;
From April 19 to May 20. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_2&amp;diff=188586</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_2&amp;diff=188586"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:31:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Second: The Intestine of the Leviathan&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;me: L'intestin de L&amp;amp;eacute;viathan)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: The Land Impoverished by the Sea]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Ancient History of the Sewer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: Bruneseau]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: Unknown Details]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: Present Progress]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: Future Progress]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1&amp;diff=188585</id>
		<title>Volume 2/Book 1</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_1&amp;diff=188585"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:30:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book First: Waterloo&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 2: Cosette, Livre premier: Waterloo)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: What is met with on the Way from Nivelles]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Hougomont]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: The Eighteenth of June, 1815]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: A]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: The Quid Obscurum of Battles]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: Four o'clock in the Afternoon]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 7|Chapter 7: Napoleon in a Good Humor]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 8|Chapter 8: The Emperor puts a Question to the Guide Lacoste]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 9|Chapter 9: The Unexpected]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 10|Chapter 10: The Plateau of Mont-Saint-Jean]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 11|Chapter 11: A Bad Guide to Napoleon; a Good Guide to Bulow]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 12|Chapter 12: The Guard]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 13|Chapter 13: The Catastrophe]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 14|Chapter 14: The Last Square]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 15|Chapter 15: Cambronne]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 16|Chapter 16: Quot Libras in Duce?]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 17|Chapter 17: Is Waterloo to be considered Good?]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 18|Chapter 18: A Recrudescence of Divine Right]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 19|Chapter 19: The Battle-Field at Night]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_6&amp;diff=188584</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 6</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_6&amp;diff=188584"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:30:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Sixth: Javert&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre sixi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Javert)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: The Beginning of Repose]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: How Jean may become Champ]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_3/Book_8&amp;diff=188583</id>
		<title>Volume 3/Book 8</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_3/Book_8&amp;diff=188583"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:29:50Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 3: Marius, Book Eighth: The Wicked Poor Man&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 3: Marius, Livre huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me: Le mauvais pauvre)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: Marius, while seeking a Girl in a Bonnet encounters a Man in a Cap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Treasure Trove]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: Quadrifrons]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: A Rose in Misery]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: A Providential Peep-Hole]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: The Wild Man in his Lair]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 7|Chapter 7: Strategy and Tactics]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 8|Chapter 8: The Ray of Light in the Hovel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 9|Chapter 9: Jondrette comes near Weeping]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 10|Chapter 10: Tariff of Licensed Cabs, Two Francs an Hour]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 11|Chapter 11: Offers of Service from Misery to Wretchedness]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 12|Chapter 12: The Use made of M. Leblanc's Five-Franc Piece]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 13|Chapter 13: Solus cum Solo, in Loco Remoto, non cogitabuntur orare Pater Noster]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 14|Chapter 14: In which a Police Agent bestows Two Fistfuls on a Lawyer]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 15|Chapter 15: Jondrette makes his Purchases]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 16|Chapter 16: In which will be found the Words to an English Air which was in Fashion in 1832]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 17|Chapter 17: The Use made of Marius' Five-Franc Piece]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 18|Chapter 18: Marius' Two Chairs form a Vis-a-Vis]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 19|Chapter 19: Occupying One's Self with Obscure Depths]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 20|Chapter 20: The Trap]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 21|Chapter 21: One should always begin by arresting the Victims]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 22|Chapter 22: The Little One who was crying in Volume Two]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188582</id>
		<title>Help:Contents</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188582"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:29:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Fix spam&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents General wiki usage and editing help]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Guidelines|Guidelines for contributing to this project]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
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	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188581</id>
		<title>Help:Contents</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188581"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:28:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Undo revision 36609 by 46.161.41.199 (talk)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;6PW0NA  &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://uwqadygtwvwm.com/&amp;quot;&amp;gt;uwqadygtwvwm&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, [url=http://djudmzgbqydx.com/]djudmzgbqydx[/url], [link=http://qujsszxvnock.com/]qujsszxvnock[/link], http://hjwsvwdrcfig.com/&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188580</id>
		<title>Help:Contents</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188580"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:27:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by Marianne (talk) to last revision by 46.161.41.199&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;IeNyPa  &amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;http://mzsjixdrxobp.com/&amp;quot;&amp;gt;mzsjixdrxobp&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;, [url=http://uhymcpqaucui.com/]uhymcpqaucui[/url], [link=http://gfjdlvleryqw.com/]gfjdlvleryqw[/link], http://ctxlawezpirt.com/&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
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	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188579</id>
		<title>Help:Contents</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Help:Contents&amp;diff=188579"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:26:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents General wiki usage and editing help]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Guidelines|Guidelines for contributing to this project]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_8&amp;diff=188578</id>
		<title>Volume 2/Book 8</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_8&amp;diff=188578"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:25:18Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book Eighth: Cemeteries Take That Which is Committed Them&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 2: Cosette, Livre huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me: Les cimeti&amp;amp;egrave;res prennent ce qu'on leur donne)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: Which treats of the Manner of entering a Convent]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Fauchelevent in the Presence of a Difficulty]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: Mother Innocente]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: In which Jean Valjean has quite the Air of having read Austin Castillejo]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: It is not Necessary to be Drunk in order to be Immortal]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: Between Four Planks]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 7|Chapter 7: In which will be found the Origin of the Saying: Don't lose the Card]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 8|Chapter 8: A Successful Interrogatory]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 9|Chapter 9: Cloistered]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_9&amp;diff=188577</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_9&amp;diff=188577"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T09:21:21Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 46.161.41.199 (talk) to last revision by Marianne&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Ninth: Supreme Shadow, Supreme Dawn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Supr&amp;amp;ecirc;me ombre, supr&amp;amp;ecirc;me aurore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: Pity for the Unhappy, but Indulgence for the Happy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Last Flickerings of a Lamp Without Oil]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: A Pen Is Heavy to the Man Who Lifted the Fauchelevent's Cart]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: A Bottle of Ink Which Only Succeeded in Whitening]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: A Night Behind Which There Is Day]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: The Grass Covers and the Rain Effaces]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_6/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188576</id>
		<title>Volume 4/Book 6/Chapter 3</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_6/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188576"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:59:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 213.238.175.29 (talk) to last revision by Human-ithink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables,  Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Sixth: Little Gavroche, Chapter 3: The Vicissitudes of Flight&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(L'idylle rue Plumet et l'&amp;amp;eacute;pop&amp;amp;eacute;e rue Saint-Denis, Livre sixi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Le petit Gavroche, Chapitre 3: Les p&amp;amp;eacute;rip&amp;amp;eacute;ties de l'&amp;amp;eacute;vasion)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voici ce qui avait eu lieu cette m&amp;amp;ecirc;me nuit &amp;amp;agrave; la Force:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une &amp;amp;eacute;vasion avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; concert&amp;amp;eacute;e entre Babet, Brujon, Gueulemer et&lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, quoique Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier f&amp;amp;ucirc;t au secret. Babet avait fait l'affaire&lt;br /&gt;
pour son compte, le jour m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, comme on a vu d'apr&amp;amp;egrave;s le r&amp;amp;eacute;cit de&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse &amp;amp;agrave; Gavroche. Montparnasse devait les aider du dehors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Brujon, ayant pass&amp;amp;eacute; un mois dans une chambre de punition, avait eu le&lt;br /&gt;
temps, premi&amp;amp;egrave;rement, d'y tresser une corde, deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;mement, d'y m&amp;amp;ucirc;rir un&lt;br /&gt;
plan. Autrefois ces lieux s&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;egrave;res o&amp;amp;ugrave; la discipline de la prison livre le&lt;br /&gt;
condamn&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, se composaient de quatre murs de pierre, d'un&lt;br /&gt;
plafond de pierre, d'un pav&amp;amp;eacute; de dalles, d'un lit de camp, d'une lucarne&lt;br /&gt;
grill&amp;amp;eacute;e, d'une porte doubl&amp;amp;eacute;e de fer, et s'appelaient ''cachots;'' mais le&lt;br /&gt;
cachot a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; jug&amp;amp;eacute; trop horrible; maintenant cela se compose d'une porte&lt;br /&gt;
de fer, d'une lucarne grill&amp;amp;eacute;e, d'un lit de camp, d'un pav&amp;amp;eacute; de dalles,&lt;br /&gt;
d'un plafond de pierre, de quatre murs de pierre, et cela s'appelle&lt;br /&gt;
''chambre de punition''. Il y fait un peu jour vers midi. L'inconv&amp;amp;eacute;nient&lt;br /&gt;
de ces chambres qui, comme on voit, ne sont pas des cachots, c'est de&lt;br /&gt;
laisser songer des &amp;amp;ecirc;tres qu'il faudrait faire travailler.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Brujon donc avait song&amp;amp;eacute;, et il &amp;amp;eacute;tait sorti de la chambre de punition&lt;br /&gt;
avec une corde. Comme on le r&amp;amp;eacute;putait fort dangereux dans la cour&lt;br /&gt;
Charlemagne, on le mit dans le B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf. La premi&amp;amp;egrave;re chose qu'il&lt;br /&gt;
trouva dans le B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf, ce fut Gueulemer, la seconde, ce fut un&lt;br /&gt;
clou; Gueulemer, c'est-&amp;amp;agrave;-dire le crime, un clou, c'est-&amp;amp;agrave;-dire la&lt;br /&gt;
libert&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Brujon, dont il est temps de se faire une id&amp;amp;eacute;e compl&amp;amp;egrave;te, &amp;amp;eacute;tait, avec une&lt;br /&gt;
apparence de complexion d&amp;amp;eacute;licate et une langueur profond&amp;amp;eacute;ment&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;m&amp;amp;eacute;dit&amp;amp;eacute;e, un gaillard poli, intelligent et voleur qui avait le regard&lt;br /&gt;
caressant et le sourire atroce. Son regard r&amp;amp;eacute;sultait de sa volont&amp;amp;eacute; et&lt;br /&gt;
son sourire r&amp;amp;eacute;sultait de sa nature. Ses premi&amp;amp;egrave;res &amp;amp;eacute;tudes dans son art&lt;br /&gt;
s'&amp;amp;eacute;taient dirig&amp;amp;eacute;es vers les toits; il avait fait faire de grands progr&amp;amp;egrave;s&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; l'industrie des arracheurs de plomb qui d&amp;amp;eacute;pouillent les toitures et&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;piautent les goutti&amp;amp;egrave;res par le proc&amp;amp;eacute;d&amp;amp;eacute; dit ''au gras-double''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce qui achevait de rendre l'instant favorable pour une tentative&lt;br /&gt;
d'&amp;amp;eacute;vasion, c'est que les couvreurs remaniaient et rejointoyaient, en ce&lt;br /&gt;
moment-l&amp;amp;agrave; m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, une partie des ardoises de la prison. La cour&lt;br /&gt;
Saint-Bernard n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait plus absolument isol&amp;amp;eacute;e de la cour Charlemagne et&lt;br /&gt;
de la cour Saint-Louis. Il y avait par l&amp;amp;agrave;-haut des &amp;amp;eacute;chafaudages et des&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;chelles; en d'autres termes, des ponts et des escaliers du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de la&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;livrance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf, qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait tout ce qu'on pouvait voir au monde de plus&lt;br /&gt;
l&amp;amp;eacute;zard&amp;amp;eacute; et de plus d&amp;amp;eacute;cr&amp;amp;eacute;pit, &amp;amp;eacute;tait le point faible de la prison. Les&lt;br /&gt;
murs en &amp;amp;eacute;taient &amp;amp;agrave; ce point rong&amp;amp;eacute;s par le salp&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qu'on avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; oblig&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
de rev&amp;amp;ecirc;tir d'un parement de bois les vo&amp;amp;ucirc;tes des dortoirs, parce qu'il&lt;br /&gt;
s'en d&amp;amp;eacute;tachait des pierres qui tombaient sur les prisonniers dans leurs&lt;br /&gt;
lits. Malgr&amp;amp;eacute; cette v&amp;amp;eacute;tust&amp;amp;eacute;, on faisait la faute d'enfermer dans le&lt;br /&gt;
B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf les accus&amp;amp;eacute;s les plus inqui&amp;amp;eacute;tants, d'y mettre &amp;amp;laquo;les fortes&lt;br /&gt;
causes&amp;amp;raquo;, comme on dit en langage de prison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf contenait quatre dortoirs superpos&amp;amp;eacute;s et un comble qu'on&lt;br /&gt;
appelait le Bel-Air. Un large tuyau de chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e, probablement de quelque&lt;br /&gt;
ancienne cuisine des ducs de La Force, partait du rez-de-chauss&amp;amp;eacute;e,&lt;br /&gt;
traversait les quatre &amp;amp;eacute;tages, coupait en deux tous les dortoirs o&amp;amp;ugrave; il&lt;br /&gt;
figurait une fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on de pilier aplati, et allait trouer le toit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gueulemer et Brujon &amp;amp;eacute;taient dans le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me dortoir. On les avait mis par&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;caution dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;tage d'en bas. Le hasard faisait que la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te de leurs&lt;br /&gt;
lits s'appuyait au tuyau de la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier se trouvait pr&amp;amp;eacute;cis&amp;amp;eacute;ment au-dessus de leur t&amp;amp;ecirc;te dans ce comble&lt;br /&gt;
qualifi&amp;amp;eacute; le Bel-Air.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le passant qui s'arr&amp;amp;ecirc;te rue Culture-Sainte-Catherine, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s la caserne&lt;br /&gt;
des pompiers, devant la porte coch&amp;amp;egrave;re de la maison des Bains, voit une&lt;br /&gt;
cour pleine de fleurs et d'arbustes en caisses, au fond de laquelle se&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;veloppe, avec deux ailes, une petite rotonde blanche &amp;amp;eacute;gay&amp;amp;eacute;e par des&lt;br /&gt;
contrevents verts, le r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve bucolique de Jean-Jacques. Il n'y a pas plus&lt;br /&gt;
de dix ans, au-dessus de cette rotonde s'&amp;amp;eacute;levait un mur noir, &amp;amp;eacute;norme,&lt;br /&gt;
affreux, nu, auquel elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait adoss&amp;amp;eacute;e. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait le mur du chemin de&lt;br /&gt;
ronde de la Force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce mur derri&amp;amp;egrave;re cette rotonde, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait Milton entrevu derri&amp;amp;egrave;re Berquin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Si haut qu'il f&amp;amp;ucirc;t, ce mur &amp;amp;eacute;tait d&amp;amp;eacute;pass&amp;amp;eacute; par un toit plus noir encore&lt;br /&gt;
qu'on apercevait au del&amp;amp;agrave;. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait le toit du B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf. On y&lt;br /&gt;
remarquait quatre lucarnes-mansardes arm&amp;amp;eacute;es de barreaux, c'&amp;amp;eacute;taient les&lt;br /&gt;
fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres du Bel-Air. Une chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e per&amp;amp;ccedil;ait ce toit; c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
qui traversait les dortoirs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le Bel-Air, ce comble du B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf, &amp;amp;eacute;tait une esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de grande halle&lt;br /&gt;
mansard&amp;amp;eacute;e, ferm&amp;amp;eacute;e de triples grilles et de portes doubl&amp;amp;eacute;es de t&amp;amp;ocirc;le que&lt;br /&gt;
constellaient des clous d&amp;amp;eacute;mesur&amp;amp;eacute;s. Quand on y entrait par l'extr&amp;amp;eacute;mit&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
nord, on avait &amp;amp;agrave; sa gauche les quatre lucarnes, et &amp;amp;agrave; sa droite, faisant&lt;br /&gt;
face aux lucarnes, quatre cages carr&amp;amp;eacute;es assez vastes, espac&amp;amp;eacute;es, s&amp;amp;eacute;par&amp;amp;eacute;es&lt;br /&gt;
par des couloirs &amp;amp;eacute;troits, construites jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; hauteur d'appui en&lt;br /&gt;
ma&amp;amp;ccedil;onnerie et le reste jusqu'au toit en barreaux de fer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;eacute;tait au secret dans une de ces cages, depuis la nuit du 3&lt;br /&gt;
f&amp;amp;eacute;vrier. On n'a jamais pu d&amp;amp;eacute;couvrir comment, et par quelle connivence,&lt;br /&gt;
il avait r&amp;amp;eacute;ussi &amp;amp;agrave; s'y procurer et &amp;amp;agrave; y cacher une bouteille de ce vin&lt;br /&gt;
invent&amp;amp;eacute;, dit-on, par Desrues, auquel se m&amp;amp;ecirc;le un narcotique et que la&lt;br /&gt;
bande des ''Endormeurs'' a rendu c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;bre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il y a dans beaucoup de prisons des employ&amp;amp;eacute;s tra&amp;amp;icirc;tres, mi-partis&lt;br /&gt;
ge&amp;amp;ocirc;liers et voleurs, qui aident aux &amp;amp;eacute;vasions, qui vendent &amp;amp;agrave; la police&lt;br /&gt;
une domesticit&amp;amp;eacute; infid&amp;amp;egrave;le, et qui font danser l'anse du panier &amp;amp;agrave; salade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Dans cette m&amp;amp;ecirc;me nuit donc, o&amp;amp;ugrave; le petit Gavroche avait recueilli les deux&lt;br /&gt;
enfants errants, Brujon et Gueulemer, qui savaient que Babet, &amp;amp;eacute;vad&amp;amp;eacute; le&lt;br /&gt;
matin m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, les attendait dans la rue ainsi que Montparnasse, se&lt;br /&gt;
lev&amp;amp;egrave;rent doucement et se mirent &amp;amp;agrave; percer avec le clou que Brujon avait&lt;br /&gt;
trouv&amp;amp;eacute; le tuyau de chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e auquel leurs lits touchaient. Les gravois&lt;br /&gt;
tombaient sur le lit de Brujon, de sorte qu'on ne les entendait pas. Les&lt;br /&gt;
giboul&amp;amp;eacute;es m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;es de tonnerre &amp;amp;eacute;branlaient les portes sur leurs gonds et&lt;br /&gt;
faisaient dans la prison un vacarme affreux et utile. Ceux des&lt;br /&gt;
prisonniers qui se r&amp;amp;eacute;veill&amp;amp;egrave;rent firent semblant de se rendormir et&lt;br /&gt;
laiss&amp;amp;egrave;rent faire Gueulemer et Brujon. Brujon &amp;amp;eacute;tait adroit; Gueulemer&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait vigoureux. Avant qu'aucun bruit f&amp;amp;ucirc;t parvenu au surveillant couch&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
dans la cellule grill&amp;amp;eacute;e qui avait jour sur le dortoir, le mur &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
perc&amp;amp;eacute;, la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e escalad&amp;amp;eacute;e, le treillis de fer qui fermait l'orifice&lt;br /&gt;
sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieur du tuyau forc&amp;amp;eacute;, et les deux redoutables bandits sur le toit.&lt;br /&gt;
La pluie et le vent redoublaient, le toit glissait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quelle bonne sorgue pour une crampe! dit Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un ab&amp;amp;icirc;me de six pieds de large et de quatre-vingts pieds de profondeur&lt;br /&gt;
les s&amp;amp;eacute;parait du mur de ronde. Au fond de cet ab&amp;amp;icirc;me ils voyaient reluire&lt;br /&gt;
dans l'obscurit&amp;amp;eacute; le fusil d'un factionnaire. Ils attach&amp;amp;egrave;rent par un bout&lt;br /&gt;
aux tron&amp;amp;ccedil;ons des barreaux de la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e qu'ils venaient de tordre la&lt;br /&gt;
corde que Brujon avait fil&amp;amp;eacute;e dans son cachot, lanc&amp;amp;egrave;rent l'autre bout&lt;br /&gt;
par-dessus le mur de ronde, franchirent d'un bond l'ab&amp;amp;icirc;me, se&lt;br /&gt;
cramponn&amp;amp;egrave;rent au chevron du mur, l'enjamb&amp;amp;egrave;rent, se laiss&amp;amp;egrave;rent glisser&lt;br /&gt;
l'un apr&amp;amp;egrave;s l'autre le long de la corde sur un petit toit qui touche &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
maison des Bains, ramen&amp;amp;egrave;rent leur corde &amp;amp;agrave; eux, saut&amp;amp;egrave;rent dans la cour&lt;br /&gt;
des Bains, la travers&amp;amp;egrave;rent, pouss&amp;amp;egrave;rent le vasistas du portier, aupr&amp;amp;egrave;s&lt;br /&gt;
duquel pendait son cordon, tir&amp;amp;egrave;rent le cordon, ouvrirent la porte&lt;br /&gt;
coch&amp;amp;egrave;re, et se trouv&amp;amp;egrave;rent dans la rue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il n'y avait pas trois quarts d'heure qu'ils s'&amp;amp;eacute;taient lev&amp;amp;eacute;s debout sur&lt;br /&gt;
leurs lits dans les t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres, leur clou &amp;amp;agrave; la main, leur projet dans la&lt;br /&gt;
t&amp;amp;ecirc;te.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quelques instants apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, ils avaient rejoint Babet et Montparnasse qui&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;ocirc;daient dans les environs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
En tirant leur corde &amp;amp;agrave; eux, ils l'avaient cass&amp;amp;eacute;e, et il en &amp;amp;eacute;tait rest&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
un morceau attach&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e sur le toit. Ils n'avaient du reste&lt;br /&gt;
d'autre avarie que de s'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre &amp;amp;agrave; peu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s enti&amp;amp;egrave;rement enlev&amp;amp;eacute; la peau des&lt;br /&gt;
mains.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette nuit-l&amp;amp;agrave;, Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;eacute;tait pr&amp;amp;eacute;venu, sans qu'on ait pu &amp;amp;eacute;claircir de&lt;br /&gt;
quelle fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on, et ne dormait pas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Vers une heure du matin, la nuit &amp;amp;eacute;tant tr&amp;amp;egrave;s noire, il vit passer sur le&lt;br /&gt;
toit, dans la pluie et dans la bourrasque, devant la lucarne qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
vis-&amp;amp;agrave;-vis de sa cage, deux ombres. L'une s'arr&amp;amp;ecirc;ta &amp;amp;agrave; la lucarne le temps&lt;br /&gt;
d'un regard. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait Brujon. Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier le reconnut, et comprit. Cela&lt;br /&gt;
lui suffit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, signal&amp;amp;eacute; comme escarpe et d&amp;amp;eacute;tenu sous pr&amp;amp;eacute;vention de&lt;br /&gt;
guet-apens nocturne &amp;amp;agrave; main arm&amp;amp;eacute;e, &amp;amp;eacute;tait gard&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; vue. Un factionnaire,&lt;br /&gt;
qu'on relevait de deux heures en deux heures, se promenait le fusil&lt;br /&gt;
charg&amp;amp;eacute; devant sa cage. Le Bel-Air &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;eacute;clair&amp;amp;eacute; par une applique. Le&lt;br /&gt;
prisonnier avait aux pieds une paire de fers du poids de cinquante&lt;br /&gt;
livres. Tous les jours &amp;amp;agrave; quatre heures de l'apr&amp;amp;egrave;s-midi, un gardien&lt;br /&gt;
escort&amp;amp;eacute; de deux dogues,&amp;amp;mdash;cela se faisait encore ainsi &amp;amp;agrave; cette&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;poque,&amp;amp;mdash;entrait dans sa cage, d&amp;amp;eacute;posait pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de son lit un pain noir de&lt;br /&gt;
deux livres, une cruche d'eau et une &amp;amp;eacute;cuelle pleine d'un bouillon assez&lt;br /&gt;
maigre o&amp;amp;ugrave; nageaient quelques gourganes, visitait ses fers et frappait&lt;br /&gt;
sur les barreaux. Cet homme avec ses dogues revenait deux fois dans la&lt;br /&gt;
nuit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier avait obtenu la permission de conserver une esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de&lt;br /&gt;
cheville en fer dont il se servait pour clouer son pain dans une fente&lt;br /&gt;
de la muraille, &amp;amp;laquo;afin, disait-il, de le pr&amp;amp;eacute;server des rats&amp;amp;raquo;. Comme on&lt;br /&gt;
gardait Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;agrave; vue, on n'avait point trouv&amp;amp;eacute; d'inconv&amp;amp;eacute;nient &amp;amp;agrave; cette&lt;br /&gt;
cheville. Cependant on se souvint plus tard qu'un gardien avait dit:&amp;amp;mdash;Il&lt;br /&gt;
vaudrait mieux ne lui laisser qu'une cheville en bois.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; deux heures du matin on vint changer le factionnaire qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait un&lt;br /&gt;
vieux soldat, et on le rempla&amp;amp;ccedil;a par un conscrit. Quelques instants&lt;br /&gt;
apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, l'homme aux chiens fit sa visite, et s'en alla sans avoir rien&lt;br /&gt;
remarqu&amp;amp;eacute;, si ce n'est la trop grande jeunesse et &amp;amp;laquo;l'air paysan&amp;amp;raquo; du&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;tourlourou&amp;amp;raquo;. Deux heures apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, &amp;amp;agrave; quatre heures, quand on vint relever&lt;br /&gt;
le conscrit, on le trouva endormi et tomb&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; terre comme un bloc pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de&lt;br /&gt;
la cage de Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier. Quant &amp;amp;agrave; Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, il n'y &amp;amp;eacute;tait plus. Ses fers&lt;br /&gt;
bris&amp;amp;eacute;s &amp;amp;eacute;taient sur le carreau. Il y avait un trou au plafond de sa cage,&lt;br /&gt;
et, au-dessus, un autre trou dans le toit. Une planche de son lit avait&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; arrach&amp;amp;eacute;e et sans doute emport&amp;amp;eacute;e, car on ne la retrouva point. On&lt;br /&gt;
saisit aussi dans la cellule une bouteille &amp;amp;agrave; moiti&amp;amp;eacute; vid&amp;amp;eacute;e qui contenait&lt;br /&gt;
le reste du vin stup&amp;amp;eacute;fiant avec lequel le soldat avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; endormi. La&lt;br /&gt;
bayonnette du soldat avait disparu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Au moment o&amp;amp;ugrave; ceci fut d&amp;amp;eacute;couvert, on crut Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier hors de toute&lt;br /&gt;
atteinte. La r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute; est qu'il n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait plus dans le B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf, mais&lt;br /&gt;
qu'il &amp;amp;eacute;tait encore fort en danger. Son &amp;amp;eacute;vasion n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait point consomm&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, en arrivant sur le toit du B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf, avait trouv&amp;amp;eacute; le&lt;br /&gt;
reste de la corde de Brujon qui pendait aux barreaux de la trappe&lt;br /&gt;
sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieure de la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e, mais ce bout cass&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;eacute;tant beaucoup trop court,&lt;br /&gt;
il n'avait pu s'&amp;amp;eacute;vader par-dessus le chemin de ronde comme avaient fait&lt;br /&gt;
Brujon et Gueulemer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand on d&amp;amp;eacute;tourne de la rue des Ballets dans la rue du Roi-de-Sicile, on&lt;br /&gt;
rencontre presque tout de suite &amp;amp;agrave; droite un enfoncement sordide. Il y&lt;br /&gt;
avait l&amp;amp;agrave; au si&amp;amp;egrave;cle dernier une maison dont il ne reste plus que le mur&lt;br /&gt;
de fond, v&amp;amp;eacute;ritable mur de masure qui s'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;ve &amp;amp;agrave; la hauteur d'un troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tage entre les b&amp;amp;acirc;timents voisins. Cette ruine est reconnaissable &amp;amp;agrave; deux&lt;br /&gt;
grandes fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres carr&amp;amp;eacute;es qu'on y voit encore; celle du milieu, la plus&lt;br /&gt;
proche du pignon de droite, est barr&amp;amp;eacute;e d'une solive vermoulue ajust&amp;amp;eacute;e en&lt;br /&gt;
chevron d'&amp;amp;eacute;tai. &amp;amp;Agrave; travers ces fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres on distinguait autrefois une&lt;br /&gt;
haute muraille lugubre qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait un morceau de l'enceinte du chemin de&lt;br /&gt;
ronde de la Force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le vide que la maison d&amp;amp;eacute;molie a laiss&amp;amp;eacute; sur la rue est &amp;amp;agrave; moiti&amp;amp;eacute; rempli&lt;br /&gt;
par une palissade en planches pourries contrebut&amp;amp;eacute;e de cinq bornes de&lt;br /&gt;
pierre. Dans cette cl&amp;amp;ocirc;ture se cache une petite baraque appuy&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
ruine rest&amp;amp;eacute;e debout. La palissade a une porte qui, il y a quelques&lt;br /&gt;
ann&amp;amp;eacute;es, n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait ferm&amp;amp;eacute;e que d'un loquet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
C'est sur la cr&amp;amp;ecirc;te de cette ruine que Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;eacute;tait parvenu un peu&lt;br /&gt;
apr&amp;amp;egrave;s trois heures du matin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comment &amp;amp;eacute;tait-il arriv&amp;amp;eacute; l&amp;amp;agrave;? C'est ce qu'on n'a jamais pu expliquer ni&lt;br /&gt;
comprendre. Les &amp;amp;eacute;clairs avaient d&amp;amp;ucirc; tout ensemble le g&amp;amp;ecirc;ner et l'aider.&lt;br /&gt;
S'&amp;amp;eacute;tait-il servi des &amp;amp;eacute;chelles et des &amp;amp;eacute;chafaudages des couvreurs pour&lt;br /&gt;
gagner de toit en toit, de cl&amp;amp;ocirc;ture en cl&amp;amp;ocirc;ture, de compartiment en&lt;br /&gt;
compartiment, les b&amp;amp;acirc;timents de la cour Charlemagne, puis les b&amp;amp;acirc;timents&lt;br /&gt;
de la cour Saint-Louis, le mur de ronde, et de l&amp;amp;agrave; la masure sur la rue&lt;br /&gt;
du Roi-de-Sicile? Mais il y avait dans ce trajet des solutions de&lt;br /&gt;
continuit&amp;amp;eacute; qui semblaient le rendre impossible. Avait-il pos&amp;amp;eacute; la planche&lt;br /&gt;
de son lit comme un pont du toit du Bel-Air au mur du chemin de ronde,&lt;br /&gt;
et s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait-il mis &amp;amp;agrave; ramper &amp;amp;agrave; plat ventre sur le chevron du mur de ronde&lt;br /&gt;
tout autour de la prison jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; la masure? Mais le mur du chemin de&lt;br /&gt;
ronde de la Force dessinait une ligne cr&amp;amp;eacute;nel&amp;amp;eacute;e et in&amp;amp;eacute;gale, il montait et&lt;br /&gt;
descendait, il s'abaissait &amp;amp;agrave; la caserne des pompiers, il se relevait &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
la maison des Bains, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait coup&amp;amp;eacute; par des constructions, il n'avait&lt;br /&gt;
pas la m&amp;amp;ecirc;me hauteur sur l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;tel Lamoignon que sur la rue Pav&amp;amp;eacute;e, il avait&lt;br /&gt;
partout des chutes et des angles droits; et puis les sentinelles&lt;br /&gt;
auraient d&amp;amp;ucirc; voir la sombre silhouette du fugitif; de cette fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on encore&lt;br /&gt;
le chemin fait par Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier reste &amp;amp;agrave; peu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s inexplicable. Des deux&lt;br /&gt;
mani&amp;amp;egrave;res, fuite impossible. Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, illumin&amp;amp;eacute; par cette effrayante&lt;br /&gt;
soif de la libert&amp;amp;eacute; qui change les pr&amp;amp;eacute;cipices en foss&amp;amp;eacute;s, les grilles de&lt;br /&gt;
fer en claies d'osier, un cul-de-jatte en athl&amp;amp;egrave;te, un podagre en oiseau,&lt;br /&gt;
la stupidit&amp;amp;eacute; en instinct, l'instinct en intelligence et l'intelligence&lt;br /&gt;
en g&amp;amp;eacute;nie, Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier avait-il invent&amp;amp;eacute; et improvis&amp;amp;eacute; une troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me&lt;br /&gt;
mani&amp;amp;egrave;re? On ne l'a jamais su.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On ne peut pas toujours se rendre compte des merveilles de l'&amp;amp;eacute;vasion.&lt;br /&gt;
L'homme qui s'&amp;amp;eacute;chappe, r&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;tons-le, est un inspir&amp;amp;eacute;; il y a de l'&amp;amp;eacute;toile&lt;br /&gt;
et de l'&amp;amp;eacute;clair dans la myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieuse lueur de la fuite; l'effort vers la&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;livrance n'est pas moins surprenant que le coup d'aile vers le&lt;br /&gt;
sublime; et l'on dit d'un voleur &amp;amp;eacute;vad&amp;amp;eacute;: Comment a-t-il fait pour&lt;br /&gt;
escalader ce toit? de m&amp;amp;ecirc;me qu'on dit de Corneille: O&amp;amp;ugrave; a-t-il trouv&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
''Qu'il mour&amp;amp;ucirc;t?''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quoi qu'il en soit, ruisselant de sueur, tremp&amp;amp;eacute; par la pluie, les&lt;br /&gt;
v&amp;amp;ecirc;tements en lambeaux, les mains &amp;amp;eacute;corch&amp;amp;eacute;es, les coudes en sang, les&lt;br /&gt;
genoux d&amp;amp;eacute;chir&amp;amp;eacute;s, Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;eacute;tait arriv&amp;amp;eacute; sur ce que les enfants, dans&lt;br /&gt;
leur langue figur&amp;amp;eacute;e, appellent ''le coupant'' du mur de la ruine, il s'y&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait couch&amp;amp;eacute; tout de son long, et l&amp;amp;agrave;, la force lui avait manqu&amp;amp;eacute;. Un&lt;br /&gt;
escarpement &amp;amp;agrave; pic de la hauteur d'un troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me &amp;amp;eacute;tage le s&amp;amp;eacute;parait du pav&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
de la rue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La corde qu'il avait &amp;amp;eacute;tait trop courte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il attendait l&amp;amp;agrave;, p&amp;amp;acirc;le, &amp;amp;eacute;puis&amp;amp;eacute;, d&amp;amp;eacute;sesp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute; de tout l'espoir qu'il avait&lt;br /&gt;
eu, encore couvert par la nuit, mais se disant que le jour allait venir,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;pouvant&amp;amp;eacute; de l'id&amp;amp;eacute;e d'entendre avant quelques instants sonner &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'horloge voisine de Saint-Paul quatre heures, heure o&amp;amp;ugrave; l'on viendrait&lt;br /&gt;
relever la sentinelle et o&amp;amp;ugrave; on la trouverait endormie sous le toit&lt;br /&gt;
perc&amp;amp;eacute;, regardant avec stupeur, &amp;amp;agrave; une profondeur terrible, &amp;amp;agrave; la lueur des&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;verb&amp;amp;egrave;res, le pav&amp;amp;eacute; mouill&amp;amp;eacute; et noir, ce pav&amp;amp;eacute; d&amp;amp;eacute;sir&amp;amp;eacute; et effroyable qui&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait la mort et qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait la libert&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il se demandait si ses trois complices d'&amp;amp;eacute;vasion avaient r&amp;amp;eacute;ussi, s'ils&lt;br /&gt;
l'avaient attendu, et s'ils viendraient &amp;amp;agrave; son aide. Il &amp;amp;eacute;coutait. Except&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
une patrouille, personne n'avait pass&amp;amp;eacute; dans la rue depuis qu'il &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
l&amp;amp;agrave;. Presque toute la descente des mara&amp;amp;icirc;chers de Montreuil, de Charonne,&lt;br /&gt;
de Vincennes et de Bercy &amp;amp;agrave; la halle se fait par la rue Saint-Antoine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quatre heures sonn&amp;amp;egrave;rent. Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier tressaillit, peu d'instants apr&amp;amp;egrave;s,&lt;br /&gt;
cette rumeur effar&amp;amp;eacute;e et confuse qui suit une &amp;amp;eacute;vasion d&amp;amp;eacute;couverte &amp;amp;eacute;clata&lt;br /&gt;
dans la prison. Le bruit des portes qu'on ouvre et qu'on ferme, le&lt;br /&gt;
grincement des grilles sur leurs gonds, le tumulte du corps de garde,&lt;br /&gt;
les appels rauques des guichetiers, le choc des crosses de fusil sur le&lt;br /&gt;
pav&amp;amp;eacute; des cours, arrivaient jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; lui. Des lumi&amp;amp;egrave;res montaient et&lt;br /&gt;
descendaient aux fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres grill&amp;amp;eacute;es des dortoirs, une torche courait sur&lt;br /&gt;
le comble du B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf, les pompiers de la caserne d'&amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; avaient&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; appel&amp;amp;eacute;s. Leurs casques, que la torche &amp;amp;eacute;clairait dans la pluie,&lt;br /&gt;
allaient et venaient le long des toits. En m&amp;amp;ecirc;me temps Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier voyait&lt;br /&gt;
du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de la Bastille une nuance blafarde blanchir lugubrement le bas&lt;br /&gt;
du ciel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Lui &amp;amp;eacute;tait sur le haut d'un mur de dix pouces de large, &amp;amp;eacute;tendu sous&lt;br /&gt;
l'averse, avec deux gouffres &amp;amp;agrave; droite et &amp;amp;agrave; gauche, ne pouvant bouger, en&lt;br /&gt;
proie au vertige d'une chute possible et &amp;amp;agrave; l'horreur d'une arrestation&lt;br /&gt;
certaine, et sa pens&amp;amp;eacute;e, comme le battant d'une cloche, allait de l'une&lt;br /&gt;
de ces id&amp;amp;eacute;es &amp;amp;agrave; l'autre:&amp;amp;mdash;Mort si je tombe, pris si je reste.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Dans cette angoisse, il vit tout &amp;amp;agrave; coup, la rue &amp;amp;eacute;tant encore tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait&lt;br /&gt;
obscure, un homme qui se glissait le long des murailles et qui venait du&lt;br /&gt;
c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de la rue Pav&amp;amp;eacute;e s'arr&amp;amp;ecirc;ter dans le renfoncement au-dessus duquel&lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;eacute;tait comme suspendu. Cet homme f&amp;amp;ucirc;t rejoint par un second qui&lt;br /&gt;
marchait avec la m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pr&amp;amp;eacute;caution, puis par un troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me, puis par un&lt;br /&gt;
quatri&amp;amp;egrave;me. Quand ces hommes furent r&amp;amp;eacute;unis, l'un d'eux souleva le loquet&lt;br /&gt;
de la porte de la palissade, et ils entr&amp;amp;egrave;rent tous quatre dans&lt;br /&gt;
l'enceinte o&amp;amp;ugrave; est la baraque. Ils se trouvaient pr&amp;amp;eacute;cis&amp;amp;eacute;ment au-dessous&lt;br /&gt;
de Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier. Ces hommes avaient &amp;amp;eacute;videmment choisi ce renfoncement pour&lt;br /&gt;
pouvoir causer sans &amp;amp;ecirc;tre vus des passants ni de la sentinelle qui garde&lt;br /&gt;
le guichet de la Force &amp;amp;agrave; quelques pas de l&amp;amp;agrave;. Il faut dire aussi que la&lt;br /&gt;
pluie tenait cette sentinelle bloqu&amp;amp;eacute;e dans sa gu&amp;amp;eacute;rite. Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, ne&lt;br /&gt;
pouvant distinguer leurs visages, pr&amp;amp;ecirc;ta l'oreille &amp;amp;agrave; leurs paroles avec&lt;br /&gt;
l'attention d&amp;amp;eacute;sesp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;e d'un mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable qui se sent perdu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier vit passer devant ses yeux quelque chose qui ressemblait &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'esp&amp;amp;eacute;rance, ces hommes parlaient argot.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le premier disait, bas, mais distinctement:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;D&amp;amp;eacute;carrons. Qu'est-ce que nous maquillons icigo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le second r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Allons nous en. Qu'est-ce que nous faisons ici?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il lansquine &amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;teindre le riffe du rabouin. Et puis les coqueurs vont&lt;br /&gt;
passer, il y a l&amp;amp;agrave; un grivier qui porte gaffe, nous allons nous faire&lt;br /&gt;
emballer icicaille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ces deux mots, ''icigo'' et ''icicaille'', qui tous deux veulent dire ici,&lt;br /&gt;
et qui appartiennent, le premier &amp;amp;agrave; l'argot des barri&amp;amp;egrave;res, le second &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'argot du Temple, furent des traits de lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re pour Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier. &amp;amp;Agrave; icigo&lt;br /&gt;
il reconnut Brujon, qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait r&amp;amp;ocirc;deur de barri&amp;amp;egrave;res, et &amp;amp;agrave; icicaille Babet,&lt;br /&gt;
qui, parmi tous ses m&amp;amp;eacute;tiers, avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; revendeur au Temple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'antique argot du grand si&amp;amp;egrave;cle ne se parle plus qu'au Temple, et Babet&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait le seul m&amp;amp;ecirc;me qui le parl&amp;amp;acirc;t bien purement. Sans ''icicaille'',&lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier ne l'aurait point reconnu, car il avait tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait d&amp;amp;eacute;natur&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
sa voix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cependant le troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me &amp;amp;eacute;tait intervenu:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Rien ne presse encore, attendons un peu. Qu'est-ce qui nous dit qu'il&lt;br /&gt;
n'a pas besoin de nous?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; ceci, qui n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait que du fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ais, Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier reconnut Montparnasse,&lt;br /&gt;
lequel mettait son &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;gance &amp;amp;agrave; entendre tous les argots et &amp;amp;agrave; n'en parler&lt;br /&gt;
aucun.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quant au quatri&amp;amp;egrave;me, il se taisait, mais ses vastes &amp;amp;eacute;paules le&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;non&amp;amp;ccedil;aient. Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier n'h&amp;amp;eacute;sita pas. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait Gueulemer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Brujon r&amp;amp;eacute;pliqua presque imp&amp;amp;eacute;tueusement, mais toujours &amp;amp;agrave; voix basse:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que tu nous bonis l&amp;amp;agrave;? Le tapissier n'aura pas pu tirer sa&lt;br /&gt;
crampe. Il ne sait pas le truc, quoi! Bouliner sa limace et faucher ses&lt;br /&gt;
empaffes pour maquiller une tortouse, caler des boulins aux lourdes,&lt;br /&gt;
braser des faffes, maquiller des caroubles, faucher les durs, balancer&lt;br /&gt;
sa tortouse dehors, se planquer, se camoufler, il faut &amp;amp;ecirc;tre mariol! Le&lt;br /&gt;
vieux n'aura pas pu, il ne sait pas goupiner!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Babet ajouta, toujours dans ce sage argot classique que parlaient&lt;br /&gt;
Poulailler et Cartouche, et qui est &amp;amp;agrave; l'argot hardi, nouveau, color&amp;amp;eacute; et&lt;br /&gt;
risqu&amp;amp;eacute; dont usait Brujon ce que la langue de Racine est &amp;amp;agrave; la langue&lt;br /&gt;
d'Andr&amp;amp;eacute; Ch&amp;amp;eacute;nier:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ton orgue tapissier aura &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; fait marron dans l'escalier. Il faut &amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
arcasien. C'est un galifard. Il se sera laiss&amp;amp;eacute; jouer l'harnache par un&lt;br /&gt;
roussin, peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre m&amp;amp;ecirc;me par un roussi, qui lui aura battu comtois. Pr&amp;amp;ecirc;te&lt;br /&gt;
l'oche, Montparnasse, entends-tu ces criblements dans le coll&amp;amp;egrave;ge? Tu as&lt;br /&gt;
vu toutes ces camoufles. Il est tomb&amp;amp;eacute;, va! Il en sera quitte pour tirer&lt;br /&gt;
ses vingt longes. Je n'ai pas taf, je ne suis pas un taffeur, c'est&lt;br /&gt;
colomb&amp;amp;eacute;, mais il n'y a plus qu'&amp;amp;agrave; faire les l&amp;amp;eacute;zards, ou autrement on nous&lt;br /&gt;
la fera gambiller. Ne renaude pas, viens avec nousiergue, allons picter&lt;br /&gt;
une rouillarde encible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On ne laisse pas les amis dans l'embarras, grommela Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je te bonis qu'il est malade, reprit Brujon. &amp;amp;Agrave; l'heure qui toque, le&lt;br /&gt;
tapissier ne vaut pas une broque! Nous n'y pouvons rien. D&amp;amp;eacute;carrons. Je&lt;br /&gt;
crois &amp;amp;agrave; tout moment qu'un cogne me ceintre en pogne!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse ne r&amp;amp;eacute;sistait plus que faiblement; le fait est que ces&lt;br /&gt;
quatre hommes, avec cette fid&amp;amp;eacute;lit&amp;amp;eacute; qu'ont les bandits de ne jamais&lt;br /&gt;
s'abandonner entre eux, avaient r&amp;amp;ocirc;d&amp;amp;eacute; toute la nuit autour de la Force,&lt;br /&gt;
quel que f&amp;amp;ucirc;t le p&amp;amp;eacute;ril, dans l'esp&amp;amp;eacute;rance de voir surgir au haut de&lt;br /&gt;
quelque muraille Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier. Mais la nuit qui devenait vraiment trop&lt;br /&gt;
belle, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une averse &amp;amp;agrave; rendre toutes les rues d&amp;amp;eacute;sertes, le froid&lt;br /&gt;
qui les gagnait, leurs v&amp;amp;ecirc;tements tremp&amp;amp;eacute;s, leurs chaussures perc&amp;amp;eacute;es, le&lt;br /&gt;
bruit inqui&amp;amp;eacute;tant qui venait d'&amp;amp;eacute;clater dans la prison, les heures&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;coul&amp;amp;eacute;es, les patrouilles rencontr&amp;amp;eacute;es, l'espoir qui s'en allait, la peur&lt;br /&gt;
qui revenait, tout cela les poussait &amp;amp;agrave; la retraite. Montparnasse&lt;br /&gt;
lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre un peu le gendre de Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, c&amp;amp;eacute;dait. Un&lt;br /&gt;
moment de plus, ils &amp;amp;eacute;taient partis. Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier haletait sur son mur&lt;br /&gt;
comme les naufrag&amp;amp;eacute;s de la ''M&amp;amp;eacute;duse'' sur leur radeau en voyant le navire&lt;br /&gt;
apparu s'&amp;amp;eacute;vanouir &amp;amp;agrave; l'horizon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il n'osait les appeler, un cri entendu pouvait tout perdre, il eut une&lt;br /&gt;
id&amp;amp;eacute;e, une derni&amp;amp;egrave;re, une lueur; il prit dans sa poche le bout de la corde&lt;br /&gt;
de Brujon qu'il avait d&amp;amp;eacute;tach&amp;amp;eacute; de la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e du B&amp;amp;acirc;timent-Neuf, et le&lt;br /&gt;
jeta dans l'enceinte de la palissade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette corde tomba &amp;amp;agrave; leurs pieds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Une veuve, dit Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ma tortouse! dit Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;L'aubergiste est l&amp;amp;agrave;, dit Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ils lev&amp;amp;egrave;rent les yeux. Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier avan&amp;amp;ccedil;a un peu la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vite! dit Montparnasse, as-tu l'autre bout de la corde, Brujon?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Noue les deux bouts ensemble, nous lui jetterons la corde, il la&lt;br /&gt;
fixera au mur, il en aura assez pour descendre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier se risqua &amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;lever la voix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je suis transi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On te r&amp;amp;eacute;chauffera.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je ne puis plus bouger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tu te laisseras glisser, nous te recevrons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'ai les mains gourdes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Noue seulement la corde au mur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je ne pourrai pas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il faut que l'un de nous monte, dit Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Trois &amp;amp;eacute;tages! fit Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un ancien conduit en pl&amp;amp;acirc;tre, lequel avait servi &amp;amp;agrave; un po&amp;amp;ecirc;le qu'on&lt;br /&gt;
allumait jadis dans la baraque, rampait le long du mur et montait&lt;br /&gt;
presque jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; l'endroit o&amp;amp;ugrave; l'on apercevait Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier. Ce tuyau, alors&lt;br /&gt;
fort l&amp;amp;eacute;zard&amp;amp;eacute; et tout crevass&amp;amp;eacute;, est tomb&amp;amp;eacute; depuis, mais on en voit encore&lt;br /&gt;
les traces. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait fort &amp;amp;eacute;troit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On pourrait monter par l&amp;amp;agrave;, fit Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Par ce tuyau? s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria Babet, un orgue! jamais! il faudrait un mion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il faudrait un m&amp;amp;ocirc;me, reprit Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;O&amp;amp;ugrave; trouver un moucheron? dit Gueulemer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Attendez, dit Montparnasse. J'ai l'affaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il entr'ouvrit doucement la porte de la palissade, s'assura qu'aucun&lt;br /&gt;
passant ne traversait la rue, sortit avec pr&amp;amp;eacute;caution, referma la porte&lt;br /&gt;
derri&amp;amp;egrave;re lui, et partit en courant dans la direction de la Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Sept ou huit minutes s'&amp;amp;eacute;coul&amp;amp;egrave;rent, huit mille si&amp;amp;egrave;cles pour Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier;&lt;br /&gt;
Babet, Brujon et Gueulemer ne desserraient pas les dents; la porte se&lt;br /&gt;
rouvrit enfin, et Montparnasse parut, essouffl&amp;amp;eacute;, et amenant Gavroche. La&lt;br /&gt;
pluie continuait de faire la rue compl&amp;amp;egrave;tement d&amp;amp;eacute;serte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le petit Gavroche entra dans l'enceinte et regarda ces figures de&lt;br /&gt;
bandits d'un air tranquille. L'eau lui d&amp;amp;eacute;gouttait des cheveux. Gueulemer&lt;br /&gt;
lui adressa la parole:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mioche, es-tu un homme?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche haussa les &amp;amp;eacute;paules et r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Un m&amp;amp;ocirc;me comme m&amp;amp;eacute;zig est un orgue, et des orgues comme vousailles sont&lt;br /&gt;
des m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Comme le mion joue du crachoir! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Le m&amp;amp;ocirc;me pantinois n'est pas maquill&amp;amp;eacute; de fertille lansquin&amp;amp;eacute;e, ajouta&lt;br /&gt;
Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce qu'il vous faut? dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Grimper par ce tuyau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Avec cette veuve, f&amp;amp;icirc;t Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et ligoter la tortouse, continua Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Au mont&amp;amp;eacute; du montant, reprit Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Au pieu de la vanterne, ajouta Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et puis? dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Voil&amp;amp;agrave;! dit Gueulemer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le gamin examina la corde, le tuyau, le mur, les fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres, et fit cet&lt;br /&gt;
inexprimable et d&amp;amp;eacute;daigneux bruit des l&amp;amp;egrave;vres qui signifie:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Que &amp;amp;ccedil;a!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il y a un homme l&amp;amp;agrave;-haut que tu sauveras, reprit Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Veux-tu? reprit Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Serin! r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit l'enfant comme si la question lui paraissait inou&amp;amp;iuml;e;&lt;br /&gt;
et il &amp;amp;ocirc;ta ses souliers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gueulemer saisit Gavroche d'un bras, le posa sur le toit de la baraque,&lt;br /&gt;
dont les planches vermoulues pliaient sous le poids de l'enfant, et lui&lt;br /&gt;
remit la corde que Brujon avait renou&amp;amp;eacute;e pendant l'absence de&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse. Le gamin se dirigea vers le tuyau o&amp;amp;ugrave; il &amp;amp;eacute;tait facile&lt;br /&gt;
d'entrer gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce &amp;amp;agrave; une large crevasse qui touchait au toit. Au moment o&amp;amp;ugrave;&lt;br /&gt;
il allait monter, Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, qui voyait le salut et la vie s'approcher,&lt;br /&gt;
se pencha au bord du mur; la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re lueur du jour blanchissait son&lt;br /&gt;
front inond&amp;amp;eacute; de sueur, ses pommettes livides, son nez effil&amp;amp;eacute; et sauvage,&lt;br /&gt;
sa barbe grise toute h&amp;amp;eacute;riss&amp;amp;eacute;e, et Gavroche le reconnut.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens! dit-il, c'est mon p&amp;amp;egrave;re!... Oh! cela n'emp&amp;amp;ecirc;che pas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et prenant la corde dans ses dents, il commen&amp;amp;ccedil;a r&amp;amp;eacute;sol&amp;amp;ucirc;ment l'escalade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il parvint au haut de la masure, enfourcha le vieux mur comme un cheval,&lt;br /&gt;
et noua solidement la corde &amp;amp;agrave; la traverse sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieure de la fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un moment apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;eacute;tait dans la rue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
D&amp;amp;egrave;s qu'il eut touch&amp;amp;eacute; le pav&amp;amp;eacute;, d&amp;amp;egrave;s qu'il se sentit hors de danger, il ne&lt;br /&gt;
fut plus ni fatigu&amp;amp;eacute;, ni transi, ni tremblant; les choses terribles dont&lt;br /&gt;
il sortait s'&amp;amp;eacute;vanouirent comme une fum&amp;amp;eacute;e, toute cette &amp;amp;eacute;trange et f&amp;amp;eacute;roce&lt;br /&gt;
intelligence se r&amp;amp;eacute;veilla, et se trouva debout et libre, pr&amp;amp;ecirc;te &amp;amp;agrave; marcher&lt;br /&gt;
devant elle. Voici quel fut le premier mot de cet homme:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Maintenant, qui allons-nous manger?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il est inutile d'expliquer le sens de ce mot affreusement transparent&lt;br /&gt;
qui signifie tout &amp;amp;agrave; la fois tuer, assassiner et d&amp;amp;eacute;valiser. ''Manger'',&lt;br /&gt;
sens vrai: ''d&amp;amp;eacute;vorer''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Rencognons-nous bien, dit Brujon. Finissons en trois mots, et nous&lt;br /&gt;
nous s&amp;amp;eacute;parerons tout de suite. Il y avait une affaire qui avait l'air&lt;br /&gt;
bonne rue Plumet, une rue d&amp;amp;eacute;serte, une maison isol&amp;amp;eacute;e, une vieille grille&lt;br /&gt;
pourrie sur un jardin, des femmes seules.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien! pourquoi pas? demanda Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ta f&amp;amp;eacute;e, &amp;amp;Eacute;ponine, a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; voir la chose, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et elle a apport&amp;amp;eacute; un biscuit &amp;amp;agrave; Magnon, ajouta Gueulemer. Rien &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
maquiller l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;La f&amp;amp;eacute;e n'est pas loffe, fit Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier. Pourtant il faudra voir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, oui, dit Brujon, il faudra voir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cependant aucun de ces hommes n'avait plus l'air de voir Gavroche qui,&lt;br /&gt;
pendant ce colloque, s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait assis sur une des bornes de la palissade;&lt;br /&gt;
il attendit quelques instants, peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre que son p&amp;amp;egrave;re se tourn&amp;amp;acirc;t vers&lt;br /&gt;
lui, puis il remit ses souliers, et dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est fini? Vous n'avez plus besoin de moi, les hommes? vous voil&amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
tir&amp;amp;eacute;s d'affaire. Je m'en vas. Il faut que j'aille lever mes m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il s'en alla.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les cinq hommes sortirent l'un apr&amp;amp;egrave;s l'autre de la palissade.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand Gavroche eut disparu au tournant de la rue des Ballets, Babet prit&lt;br /&gt;
Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier &amp;amp;agrave; part:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;As-tu regard&amp;amp;eacute; ce mion? lui demanda-t-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quel mion?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Le mion qui a grimp&amp;amp;eacute; au mur et t'a port&amp;amp;eacute; la corde.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pas trop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien, je ne sais pas, mais il me semble que c'est ton fils.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bah! dit Th&amp;amp;eacute;nardier, crois-tu?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il s'en alla.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is what had taken place that same night at the La Force:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
An escape had been planned between Babet, Brujon, Guelemer, and&lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier, although Thenardier was in close confinement. Babet had&lt;br /&gt;
arranged the matter for his own benefit, on the same day, as the reader&lt;br /&gt;
has seen from Montparnasse's account to Gavroche. Montparnasse was to help&lt;br /&gt;
them from outside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Brujon, after having passed a month in the punishment cell, had had time,&lt;br /&gt;
in the first place, to weave a rope, in the second, to mature a plan. In&lt;br /&gt;
former times, those severe places where the discipline of the prison&lt;br /&gt;
delivers the convict into his own hands, were composed of four stone&lt;br /&gt;
walls, a stone ceiling, a flagged pavement, a camp bed, a grated window,&lt;br /&gt;
and a door lined with iron, and were called dungeons; but the dungeon was&lt;br /&gt;
judged to be too terrible; nowadays they are composed of an iron door, a&lt;br /&gt;
grated window, a camp bed, a flagged pavement, four stone walls, and a&lt;br /&gt;
stone ceiling, and are called chambers of punishment. A little light&lt;br /&gt;
penetrates towards mid-day. The inconvenient point about these chambers&lt;br /&gt;
which, as the reader sees, are not dungeons, is that they allow the&lt;br /&gt;
persons who should be at work to think.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
So Brujon meditated, and he emerged from the chamber of punishment with a&lt;br /&gt;
rope. As he had the name of being very dangerous in the Charlemagne&lt;br /&gt;
courtyard, he was placed in the New Building. The first thing he found in&lt;br /&gt;
the New Building was Guelemer, the second was a nail; Guelemer, that is to&lt;br /&gt;
say, crime; a nail, that is to say, liberty. Brujon, of whom it is high&lt;br /&gt;
time that the reader should have a complete idea, was, with an appearance&lt;br /&gt;
of delicate health and a profoundly premeditated languor, a polished,&lt;br /&gt;
intelligent sprig, and a thief, who had a caressing glance, and an&lt;br /&gt;
atrocious smile. His glance resulted from his will, and his smile from his&lt;br /&gt;
nature. His first studies in his art had been directed to roofs. He had&lt;br /&gt;
made great progress in the industry of the men who tear off lead, who&lt;br /&gt;
plunder the roofs and despoil the gutters by the process called double&lt;br /&gt;
pickings.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The circumstance which put the finishing touch on the moment peculiarly&lt;br /&gt;
favorable for an attempt at escape, was that the roofers were re-laying&lt;br /&gt;
and re-jointing, at that very moment, a portion of the slates on the&lt;br /&gt;
prison. The Saint-Bernard courtyard was no longer absolutely isolated from&lt;br /&gt;
the Charlemagne and the Saint-Louis courts. Up above there were&lt;br /&gt;
scaffoldings and ladders; in other words, bridges and stairs in the&lt;br /&gt;
direction of liberty.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The New Building, which was the most cracked and decrepit thing to be seen&lt;br /&gt;
anywhere in the world, was the weak point in the prison. The walls were&lt;br /&gt;
eaten by saltpetre to such an extent that the authorities had been obliged&lt;br /&gt;
to line the vaults of the dormitories with a sheathing of wood, because&lt;br /&gt;
stones were in the habit of becoming detached and falling on the prisoners&lt;br /&gt;
in their beds. In spite of this antiquity, the authorities committed the&lt;br /&gt;
error of confining in the New Building the most troublesome prisoners, of&lt;br /&gt;
placing there &amp;quot;the hard cases,&amp;quot; as they say in prison parlance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The New Building contained four dormitories, one above the other, and a&lt;br /&gt;
top story which was called the Bel-Air (Fine Air). A large chimney-flue,&lt;br /&gt;
probably from some ancient kitchen of the Dukes de la Force, started from&lt;br /&gt;
the groundfloor, traversed all four stories, cut the dormitories, where it&lt;br /&gt;
figured as a flattened pillar, into two portions, and finally pierced the&lt;br /&gt;
roof.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Guelemer and Brujon were in the same dormitory. They had been placed, by&lt;br /&gt;
way of precaution, on the lower story. Chance ordained that the heads of&lt;br /&gt;
their beds should rest against the chimney.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier was directly over their heads in the top story known as&lt;br /&gt;
Fine-Air. The pedestrian who halts on the Rue Culture-Sainte-Catherine,&lt;br /&gt;
after passing the barracks of the firemen, in front of the porte-cochère&lt;br /&gt;
of the bathing establishment, beholds a yard full of flowers and shrubs in&lt;br /&gt;
wooden boxes, at the extremity of which spreads out a little white rotunda&lt;br /&gt;
with two wings, brightened up with green shutters, the bucolic dream of&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Jacques.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Not more than ten years ago, there rose above that rotunda an enormous&lt;br /&gt;
black, hideous, bare wall by which it was backed up.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This was the outer wall of La Force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This wall, beside that rotunda, was Milton viewed through Berquin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Lofty as it was, this wall was overtopped by a still blacker roof, which&lt;br /&gt;
could be seen beyond. This was the roof of the New Building. There one&lt;br /&gt;
could descry four dormer-windows, guarded with bars; they were the windows&lt;br /&gt;
of the Fine-Air.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A chimney pierced the roof; this was the chimney which traversed the&lt;br /&gt;
dormitories.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The Bel-Air, that top story of the New Building, was a sort of large hall,&lt;br /&gt;
with a Mansard roof, guarded with triple gratings and double doors of&lt;br /&gt;
sheet iron, which were studded with enormous bolts. When one entered from&lt;br /&gt;
the north end, one had on one's left the four dormer-windows, on one's&lt;br /&gt;
right, facing the windows, at regular intervals, four square, tolerably&lt;br /&gt;
vast cages, separated by narrow passages, built of masonry to about the&lt;br /&gt;
height of the elbow, and the rest, up to the roof, of iron bars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier had been in solitary confinement in one of these cages since&lt;br /&gt;
the night of the 3d of February. No one was ever able to discover how, and&lt;br /&gt;
by what connivance, he succeeded in procuring, and secreting a bottle of&lt;br /&gt;
wine, invented, so it is said, by Desrues, with which a narcotic is mixed,&lt;br /&gt;
and which the band of the Endormeurs, or Sleep-compellers, rendered&lt;br /&gt;
famous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
There are, in many prisons, treacherous employees, half-jailers,&lt;br /&gt;
half-thieves, who assist in escapes, who sell to the police an unfaithful&lt;br /&gt;
service, and who turn a penny whenever they can.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On that same night, then, when Little Gavroche picked up the two lost&lt;br /&gt;
children, Brujon and Guelemer, who knew that Babet, who had escaped that&lt;br /&gt;
morning, was waiting for them in the street as well as Montparnasse, rose&lt;br /&gt;
softly, and with the nail which Brujon had found, began to pierce the&lt;br /&gt;
chimney against which their beds stood. The rubbish fell on Brujon's bed,&lt;br /&gt;
so that they were not heard. Showers mingled with thunder shook the doors&lt;br /&gt;
on their hinges, and created in the prison a terrible and opportune&lt;br /&gt;
uproar. Those of the prisoners who woke, pretended to fall asleep again,&lt;br /&gt;
and left Guelemer and Brujon to their own devices. Brujon was adroit;&lt;br /&gt;
Guelemer was vigorous. Before any sound had reached the watcher, who was&lt;br /&gt;
sleeping in the grated cell which opened into the dormitory, the wall had,&lt;br /&gt;
been pierced, the chimney scaled, the iron grating which barred the upper&lt;br /&gt;
orifice of the flue forced, and the two redoubtable ruffians were on the&lt;br /&gt;
roof. The wind and rain redoubled, the roof was slippery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What a good night to leg it!&amp;quot; said Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
An abyss six feet broad and eighty feet deep separated them from the&lt;br /&gt;
surrounding wall. At the bottom of this abyss, they could see the musket&lt;br /&gt;
of a sentinel gleaming through the gloom. They fastened one end of the&lt;br /&gt;
rope which Brujon had spun in his dungeon to the stumps of the iron bars&lt;br /&gt;
which they had just wrenched off, flung the other over the outer wall,&lt;br /&gt;
crossed the abyss at one bound, clung to the coping of the wall, got&lt;br /&gt;
astride of it, let themselves slip, one after the other, along the rope,&lt;br /&gt;
upon a little roof which touches the bath-house, pulled their rope after&lt;br /&gt;
them, jumped down into the courtyard of the bath-house, traversed it,&lt;br /&gt;
pushed open the porter's wicket, beside which hung his rope, pulled this,&lt;br /&gt;
opened the porte-cochère, and found themselves in the street.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Three-quarters of an hour had not elapsed since they had risen in bed in&lt;br /&gt;
the dark, nail in hand, and their project in their heads.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A few moments later they had joined Babet and Montparnasse, who were&lt;br /&gt;
prowling about the neighborhood.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
They had broken their rope in pulling it after them, and a bit of it&lt;br /&gt;
remained attached to the chimney on the roof. They had sustained no other&lt;br /&gt;
damage, however, than that of scratching nearly all the skin off their&lt;br /&gt;
hands.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
That night, Thenardier was warned, without any one being able to explain&lt;br /&gt;
how, and was not asleep.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Towards one o'clock in the morning, the night being very dark, he saw two&lt;br /&gt;
shadows pass along the roof, in the rain and squalls, in front of the&lt;br /&gt;
dormer-window which was opposite his cage. One halted at the window, long&lt;br /&gt;
enough to dart in a glance. This was Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier recognized him, and understood. This was enough.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier, rated as a burglar, and detained as a measure of precaution&lt;br /&gt;
under the charge of organizing a nocturnal ambush, with armed force, was&lt;br /&gt;
kept in sight. The sentry, who was relieved every two hours, marched up&lt;br /&gt;
and down in front of his cage with loaded musket. The Fine-Air was lighted&lt;br /&gt;
by a skylight. The prisoner had on his feet fetters weighing fifty pounds.&lt;br /&gt;
Every day, at four o'clock in the afternoon, a jailer, escorted by two&lt;br /&gt;
dogs,&amp;amp;mdash;this was still in vogue at that time,&amp;amp;mdash;entered his cage,&lt;br /&gt;
deposited beside his bed a loaf of black bread weighing two pounds, a jug&lt;br /&gt;
of water, a bowl filled with rather thin bouillon, in which swam a few&lt;br /&gt;
Mayagan beans, inspected his irons and tapped the bars. This man and his&lt;br /&gt;
dogs made two visits during the night.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier had obtained permission to keep a sort of iron bolt which he&lt;br /&gt;
used to spike his bread into a crack in the wall, &amp;quot;in order to preserve it&lt;br /&gt;
from the rats,&amp;quot; as he said. As Thenardier was kept in sight, no objection&lt;br /&gt;
had been made to this spike. Still, it was remembered afterwards, that one&lt;br /&gt;
of the jailers had said: &amp;quot;It would be better to let him have only a wooden&lt;br /&gt;
spike.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At two o'clock in the morning, the sentinel, who was an old soldier, was&lt;br /&gt;
relieved, and replaced by a conscript. A few moments later, the man with&lt;br /&gt;
the dogs paid his visit, and went off without noticing anything, except,&lt;br /&gt;
possibly, the excessive youth and &amp;quot;the rustic air&amp;quot; of the &amp;quot;raw recruit.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
Two hours afterwards, at four o'clock, when they came to relieve the&lt;br /&gt;
conscript, he was found asleep on the floor, lying like a log near&lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier's cage. As for Thenardier, he was no longer there. There was a&lt;br /&gt;
hole in the ceiling of his cage, and, above it, another hole in the roof.&lt;br /&gt;
One of the planks of his bed had been wrenched off, and probably carried&lt;br /&gt;
away with him, as it was not found. They also seized in his cell a&lt;br /&gt;
half-empty bottle which contained the remains of the stupefying wine with&lt;br /&gt;
which the soldier had been drugged. The soldier's bayonet had disappeared.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At the moment when this discovery was made, it was assumed that Thenardier&lt;br /&gt;
was out of reach. The truth is, that he was no longer in the New Building,&lt;br /&gt;
but that he was still in great danger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier, on reaching the roof of the New Building, had found the&lt;br /&gt;
remains of Brujon's rope hanging to the bars of the upper trap of the&lt;br /&gt;
chimney, but, as this broken fragment was much too short, he had not been&lt;br /&gt;
able to escape by the outer wall, as Brujon and Guelemer had done.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When one turns from the Rue des Ballets into the Rue du Roi-de-Sicile, one&lt;br /&gt;
almost immediately encounters a repulsive ruin. There stood on that spot,&lt;br /&gt;
in the last century, a house of which only the back wall now remains, a&lt;br /&gt;
regular wall of masonry, which rises to the height of the third story&lt;br /&gt;
between the adjoining buildings. This ruin can be recognized by two large&lt;br /&gt;
square windows which are still to be seen there; the middle one, that&lt;br /&gt;
nearest the right gable, is barred with a worm-eaten beam adjusted like a&lt;br /&gt;
prop. Through these windows there was formerly visible a lofty and&lt;br /&gt;
lugubrious wall, which was a fragment of the outer wall of La Force.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The empty space on the street left by the demolished house is half-filled&lt;br /&gt;
by a fence of rotten boards, shored up by five stone posts. In this recess&lt;br /&gt;
lies concealed a little shanty which leans against the portion of the ruin&lt;br /&gt;
which has remained standing. The fence has a gate, which, a few years ago,&lt;br /&gt;
was fastened only by a latch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It was the crest of this ruin that Thenardier had succeeded in reaching, a&lt;br /&gt;
little after one o'clock in the morning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
How had he got there? That is what no one has ever been able to explain or&lt;br /&gt;
understand. The lightning must, at the same time, have hindered and helped&lt;br /&gt;
him. Had he made use of the ladders and scaffoldings of the slaters to get&lt;br /&gt;
from roof to roof, from enclosure to enclosure, from compartment to&lt;br /&gt;
compartment, to the buildings of the Charlemagne court, then to the&lt;br /&gt;
buildings of the Saint-Louis court, to the outer wall, and thence to the&lt;br /&gt;
hut on the Rue du Roi-de-Sicile? But in that itinerary there existed&lt;br /&gt;
breaks which seemed to render it an impossibility. Had he placed the plank&lt;br /&gt;
from his bed like a bridge from the roof of the Fine-Air to the outer&lt;br /&gt;
wall, and crawled flat, on his belly on the coping of the outer wall the&lt;br /&gt;
whole distance round the prison as far as the hut? But the outer wall of&lt;br /&gt;
La Force formed a crenellated and unequal line; it mounted and descended,&lt;br /&gt;
it dropped at the firemen's barracks, it rose towards the bath-house, it&lt;br /&gt;
was cut in twain by buildings, it was not even of the same height on the&lt;br /&gt;
Hotel Lamoignon as on the Rue Pavee; everywhere occurred falls and right&lt;br /&gt;
angles; and then, the sentinels must have espied the dark form of the&lt;br /&gt;
fugitive; hence, the route taken by Thenardier still remains rather&lt;br /&gt;
inexplicable. In two manners, flight was impossible. Had Thenardier,&lt;br /&gt;
spurred on by that thirst for liberty which changes precipices into&lt;br /&gt;
ditches, iron bars into wattles of osier, a legless man into an athlete, a&lt;br /&gt;
gouty man into a bird, stupidity into instinct, instinct into&lt;br /&gt;
intelligence, and intelligence into genius, had Thenardier invented a&lt;br /&gt;
third mode? No one has ever found out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The marvels of escape cannot always be accounted for. The man who makes&lt;br /&gt;
his escape, we repeat, is inspired; there is something of the star and of&lt;br /&gt;
the lightning in the mysterious gleam of flight; the effort towards&lt;br /&gt;
deliverance is no less surprising than the flight towards the sublime, and&lt;br /&gt;
one says of the escaped thief: &amp;quot;How did he contrive to scale that wall?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
in the same way that one says of Corneille: &amp;quot;Where did he find the means&lt;br /&gt;
of dying?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At all events, dripping with perspiration, drenched with rain, with his&lt;br /&gt;
clothes hanging in ribbons, his hands flayed, his elbows bleeding, his&lt;br /&gt;
knees torn, Thenardier had reached what children, in their figurative&lt;br /&gt;
language, call the edge of the wall of the ruin, there he had stretched&lt;br /&gt;
himself out at full length, and there his strength had failed him. A steep&lt;br /&gt;
escarpment three stories high separated him from the pavement of the&lt;br /&gt;
street.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The rope which he had was too short.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
There he waited, pale, exhausted, desperate with all the despair which he&lt;br /&gt;
had undergone, still hidden by the night, but telling himself that the day&lt;br /&gt;
was on the point of dawning, alarmed at the idea of hearing the&lt;br /&gt;
neighboring clock of Saint-Paul strike four within a few minutes, an hour&lt;br /&gt;
when the sentinel was relieved and when the latter would be found asleep&lt;br /&gt;
under the pierced roof, staring in horror at a terrible depth, at the&lt;br /&gt;
light of the street lanterns, the wet, black pavement, that pavement&lt;br /&gt;
longed for yet frightful, which meant death, and which meant liberty.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He asked himself whether his three accomplices in flight had succeeded, if&lt;br /&gt;
they had heard him, and if they would come to his assistance. He listened.&lt;br /&gt;
With the exception of the patrol, no one had passed through the street&lt;br /&gt;
since he had been there. Nearly the whole of the descent of the&lt;br /&gt;
market-gardeners from Montreuil, from Charonne, from Vincennes, and from&lt;br /&gt;
Bercy to the markets was accomplished through the Rue Saint-Antoine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Four o'clock struck. Thenardier shuddered. A few moments later, that&lt;br /&gt;
terrified and confused uproar which follows the discovery of an escape&lt;br /&gt;
broke forth in the prison. The sound of doors opening and shutting, the&lt;br /&gt;
creaking of gratings on their hinges, a tumult in the guard-house, the&lt;br /&gt;
hoarse shouts of the turnkeys, the shock of musket-butts on the pavement&lt;br /&gt;
of the courts, reached his ears. Lights ascended and descended past the&lt;br /&gt;
grated windows of the dormitories, a torch ran along the ridge-pole of the&lt;br /&gt;
top story of the New Building, the firemen belonging in the barracks on&lt;br /&gt;
the right had been summoned. Their helmets, which the torch lighted up in&lt;br /&gt;
the rain, went and came along the roofs. At the same time, Thenardier&lt;br /&gt;
perceived in the direction of the Bastille a wan whiteness lighting up the&lt;br /&gt;
edge of the sky in doleful wise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He was on top of a wall ten inches wide, stretched out under the heavy&lt;br /&gt;
rains, with two gulfs to right and left, unable to stir, subject to the&lt;br /&gt;
giddiness of a possible fall, and to the horror of a certain arrest, and&lt;br /&gt;
his thoughts, like the pendulum of a clock, swung from one of these ideas&lt;br /&gt;
to the other: &amp;quot;Dead if I fall, caught if I stay.&amp;quot; In the midst of this&lt;br /&gt;
anguish, he suddenly saw, the street being still dark, a man who was&lt;br /&gt;
gliding along the walls and coming from the Rue Pavee, halt in the recess&lt;br /&gt;
above which Thenardier was, as it were, suspended. Here this man was&lt;br /&gt;
joined by a second, who walked with the same caution, then by a third,&lt;br /&gt;
then by a fourth. When these men were re-united, one of them lifted the&lt;br /&gt;
latch of the gate in the fence, and all four entered the enclosure in&lt;br /&gt;
which the shanty stood. They halted directly under Thenardier. These men&lt;br /&gt;
had evidently chosen this vacant space in order that they might consult&lt;br /&gt;
without being seen by the passers-by or by the sentinel who guards the&lt;br /&gt;
wicket of La Force a few paces distant. It must be added, that the rain&lt;br /&gt;
kept this sentinel blocked in his box. Thenardier, not being able to&lt;br /&gt;
distinguish their visages, lent an ear to their words with the desperate&lt;br /&gt;
attention of a wretch who feels himself lost.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier saw something resembling a gleam of hope flash before his eyes,&amp;amp;mdash;these&lt;br /&gt;
men conversed in slang.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The first said in a low but distinct voice:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let's cut. What are we up to here?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The second replied: &amp;quot;It's raining hard enough to put out the very devil's&lt;br /&gt;
fire. And the bobbies will be along instanter. There's a soldier on guard&lt;br /&gt;
yonder. We shall get nabbed here.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
These two words, icigo and icicaille, both of which mean ici, and which&lt;br /&gt;
belong, the first to the slang of the barriers, the second to the slang of&lt;br /&gt;
the Temple, were flashes of light for Thenardier. By the icigo he&lt;br /&gt;
recognized Brujon, who was a prowler of the barriers, by the icicaille he&lt;br /&gt;
knew Babet, who, among his other trades, had been an old-clothes broker at&lt;br /&gt;
the Temple.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The antique slang of the great century is no longer spoken except in the&lt;br /&gt;
Temple, and Babet was really the only person who spoke it in all its&lt;br /&gt;
purity. Had it not been for the icicaille, Thenardier would not have&lt;br /&gt;
recognized him, for he had entirely changed his voice.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In the meanwhile, the third man had intervened.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There's no hurry yet, let's wait a bit. How do we know that he doesn't&lt;br /&gt;
stand in need of us?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
By this, which was nothing but French, Thenardier recognized Montparnasse,&lt;br /&gt;
who made it a point in his elegance to understand all slangs and to speak&lt;br /&gt;
none of them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As for the fourth, he held his peace, but his huge shoulders betrayed him.&lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier did not hesitate. It was Guelemer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Brujon replied almost impetuously but still in a low tone:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What are you jabbering about? The tavern-keeper hasn't managed to cut his&lt;br /&gt;
stick. He don't tumble to the racket, that he don't! You have to be a&lt;br /&gt;
pretty knowing cove to tear up your shirt, cut up your sheet to make a&lt;br /&gt;
rope, punch holes in doors, get up false papers, make false keys, file&lt;br /&gt;
your irons, hang out your cord, hide yourself, and disguise yourself! The&lt;br /&gt;
old fellow hasn't managed to play it, he doesn't understand how to work&lt;br /&gt;
the business.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Babet added, still in that classical slang which was spoken by Poulailler&lt;br /&gt;
and Cartouche, and which is to the bold, new, highly colored and risky&lt;br /&gt;
argot used by Brujon what the language of Racine is to the language of&lt;br /&gt;
Andre Chenier:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Your tavern-keeper must have been nabbed in the act. You have to be&lt;br /&gt;
knowing. He's only a greenhorn. He must have let himself be taken in by a&lt;br /&gt;
bobby, perhaps even by a sheep who played it on him as his pal. Listen,&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse, do you hear those shouts in the prison? You have seen all&lt;br /&gt;
those lights. He's recaptured, there! He'll get off with twenty years. I&lt;br /&gt;
ain't afraid, I ain't a coward, but there ain't anything more to do, or&lt;br /&gt;
otherwise they'd lead us a dance. Don't get mad, come with us, let's go&lt;br /&gt;
drink a bottle of old wine together.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;One doesn't desert one's friends in a scrape,&amp;quot; grumbled Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I tell you he's nabbed!&amp;quot; retorted Brujon. &amp;quot;At the present moment, the&lt;br /&gt;
inn-keeper ain't worth a ha'penny. We can't do nothing for him. Let's be&lt;br /&gt;
off. Every minute I think a bobby has got me in his fist.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse no longer offered more than a feeble resistance; the fact is,&lt;br /&gt;
that these four men, with the fidelity of ruffians who never abandon each&lt;br /&gt;
other, had prowled all night long about La Force, great as was their&lt;br /&gt;
peril, in the hope of seeing Thenardier make his appearance on the top of&lt;br /&gt;
some wall. But the night, which was really growing too fine,&amp;amp;mdash;for the&lt;br /&gt;
downpour was such as to render all the streets deserted,&amp;amp;mdash;the cold&lt;br /&gt;
which was overpowering them, their soaked garments, their hole-ridden&lt;br /&gt;
shoes, the alarming noise which had just burst forth in the prison, the&lt;br /&gt;
hours which had elapsed, the patrol which they had encountered, the hope&lt;br /&gt;
which was vanishing, all urged them to beat a retreat. Montparnasse&lt;br /&gt;
himself, who was, perhaps, almost Thenardier's son-in-law, yielded. A&lt;br /&gt;
moment more, and they would be gone. Thenardier was panting on his wall&lt;br /&gt;
like the shipwrecked sufferers of the Meduse on their raft when they&lt;br /&gt;
beheld the vessel which had appeared in sight vanish on the horizon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He dared not call to them; a cry might be heard and ruin everything. An&lt;br /&gt;
idea occurred to him, a last idea, a flash of inspiration; he drew from&lt;br /&gt;
his pocket the end of Brujon's rope, which he had detached from the&lt;br /&gt;
chimney of the New Building, and flung it into the space enclosed by the&lt;br /&gt;
fence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This rope fell at their feet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A widow,&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
said Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;My tortouse!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
said Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The tavern-keeper is there,&amp;quot; said Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
They raised their eyes. Thenardier thrust out his head a very little.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Quick!&amp;quot; said Montparnasse, &amp;quot;have you the other end of the rope, Brujon?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Knot the two pieces together, we'll fling him the rope, he can fasten it&lt;br /&gt;
to the wall, and he'll have enough of it to get down with.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thenardier ran the risk, and spoke:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I am paralyzed with cold.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We'll warm you up.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I can't budge.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let yourself slide, we'll catch you.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;My hands are benumbed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Only fasten the rope to the wall.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I can't.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Then one of us must climb up,&amp;quot; said Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Three stories!&amp;quot; ejaculated Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
An ancient plaster flue, which had served for a stove that had been used&lt;br /&gt;
in the shanty in former times, ran along the wall and mounted almost to&lt;br /&gt;
the very spot where they could see Thenardier. This flue, then much&lt;br /&gt;
damaged and full of cracks, has since fallen, but the marks of it are&lt;br /&gt;
still visible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It was very narrow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;One might get up by the help of that,&amp;quot; said Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;By that flue?&amp;quot; exclaimed Babet, &amp;quot;a grown-up cove, never! it would take a&lt;br /&gt;
brat.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A brat must be got,&amp;quot; resumed Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where are we to find a young 'un?&amp;quot; said Guelemer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Wait,&amp;quot; said Montparnasse. &amp;quot;I've got the very article.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He opened the gate of the fence very softly, made sure that no one was&lt;br /&gt;
passing along the street, stepped out cautiously, shut the gate behind&lt;br /&gt;
him, and set off at a run in the direction of the Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Seven or eight minutes elapsed, eight thousand centuries to Thenardier;&lt;br /&gt;
Babet, Brujon, and Guelemer did not open their lips; at last the gate&lt;br /&gt;
opened once more, and Montparnasse appeared, breathless, and followed by&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche. The rain still rendered the street completely deserted.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Little Gavroche entered the enclosure and gazed at the forms of these&lt;br /&gt;
ruffians with a tranquil air. The water was dripping from his hair.&lt;br /&gt;
Guelemer addressed him:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Are you a man, young 'un?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche shrugged his shoulders, and replied:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A young 'un like me's a man, and men like you are babes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The brat's tongue's well hung!&amp;quot; exclaimed Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The Paris brat ain't made of straw,&amp;quot; added Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What do you want?&amp;quot; asked Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse answered:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Climb up that flue.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;With this rope,&amp;quot; said Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And fasten it,&amp;quot; continued Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;To the top of the wall,&amp;quot; went on Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;To the cross-bar of the window,&amp;quot; added Brujon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And then?&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There!&amp;quot; said Guelemer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The gamin examined the rope, the flue, the wall, the windows, and made&lt;br /&gt;
that indescribable and disdainful noise with his lips which signifies:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Is that all!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There's a man up there whom you are to save,&amp;quot; resumed Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Will you?&amp;quot; began Brujon again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Greenhorn!&amp;quot; replied the lad, as though the question appeared a most&lt;br /&gt;
unprecedented one to him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he took off his shoes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Guelemer seized Gavroche by one arm, set him on the roof of the shanty,&lt;br /&gt;
whose worm-eaten planks bent beneath the urchin's weight, and handed him&lt;br /&gt;
the rope which Brujon had knotted together during Montparnasse's absence.&lt;br /&gt;
The gamin directed his steps towards the flue, which it was easy to enter,&lt;br /&gt;
thanks to a large crack which touched the roof. At the moment when he was&lt;br /&gt;
on the point of ascending, Thenardier, who saw life and safety&lt;br /&gt;
approaching, bent over the edge of the wall; the first light of dawn&lt;br /&gt;
struck white upon his brow dripping with sweat, upon his livid&lt;br /&gt;
cheek-bones, his sharp and savage nose, his bristling gray beard, and&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche recognized him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hullo! it's my father! Oh, that won't hinder.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And taking the rope in his teeth, he resolutely began the ascent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He reached the summit of the hut, bestrode the old wall as though it had&lt;br /&gt;
been a horse, and knotted the rope firmly to the upper cross-bar of the&lt;br /&gt;
window.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A moment later, Thenardier was in the street.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As soon as he touched the pavement, as soon as he found himself out of&lt;br /&gt;
danger, he was no longer either weary, or chilled or trembling; the&lt;br /&gt;
terrible things from which he had escaped vanished like smoke, all that&lt;br /&gt;
strange and ferocious mind awoke once more, and stood erect and free,&lt;br /&gt;
ready to march onward.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
These were this man's first words:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Now, whom are we to eat?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It is useless to explain the sense of this frightfully transparent remark,&lt;br /&gt;
which signifies both to kill, to assassinate, and to plunder. To eat, true&lt;br /&gt;
sense: to devour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let's get well into a corner,&amp;quot; said Brujon. &amp;quot;Let's settle it in three&lt;br /&gt;
words, and part at once. There was an affair that promised well in the Rue&lt;br /&gt;
Plumet, a deserted street, an isolated house, an old rotten gate on a&lt;br /&gt;
garden, and lone women.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well! why not?&amp;quot; demanded Thenardier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Your girl, Eponine, went to see about the matter,&amp;quot; replied Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And she brought a biscuit to Magnon,&amp;quot; added Guelemer. &amp;quot;Nothing to be made&lt;br /&gt;
there.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The girl's no fool,&amp;quot; said Thenardier. &amp;quot;Still, it must be seen to.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, yes,&amp;quot; said Brujon, &amp;quot;it must be looked up.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In the meanwhile, none of the men seemed to see Gavroche, who, during this&lt;br /&gt;
colloquy, had seated himself on one of the fence-posts; he waited a few&lt;br /&gt;
moments, thinking that perhaps his father would turn towards him, then he&lt;br /&gt;
put on his shoes again, and said:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Is that all? You don't want any more, my men? Now you're out of your&lt;br /&gt;
scrape. I'm off. I must go and get my brats out of bed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And off he went.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The five men emerged, one after another, from the enclosure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When Gavroche had disappeared at the corner of the Rue des Ballets, Babet&lt;br /&gt;
took Thenardier aside.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Did you take a good look at that young 'un?&amp;quot; he asked.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What young 'un?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The one who climbed the wall and carried you the rope.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Not particularly.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well, I don't know, but it strikes me that it was your son.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Bah!&amp;quot; said Thenardier, &amp;quot;do you think so?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
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==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===A widow===&lt;br /&gt;
Argot of the Temple. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Tortouse===&lt;br /&gt;
Argot of the barriers. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_2/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188573</id>
		<title>Volume 2/Book 2/Chapter 3</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_2/Book_2/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188573"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:47:12Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 146.185.234.48 (talk) to last revision by Smirli&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 2: Cosette, Book 2nd: The Ship Orion, Chapter 3: The Ankle-Chain Must Have Undergone a Certain Preparatory Manipulation to be Thus Broken with a Blow from a Hammer&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 2: Cosette, Livre 2i&amp;amp;egrave;me: Le vaisseau ''L'Orion'', Chapitre 3: Qu'il fallait que la chaîne de la manille eut subit un certain travail préparatoire pour être ainsi brisée d'un coup de marteau)&lt;br /&gt;
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==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Vers la fin d'octobre de cette même année 1823, les habitants de Toulon virent rentrer dans leur port, à la suite d'un gros temps et pour réparer quelques avaries, le vaisseau l' Orion qui a été plus tard employé à Brest comme vaisseau-école et qui faisait alors partie de l'escadre de la Méditerranée.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce bâtiment, tout éclopé qu'il était, car la mer l'avait malmené, fit de l'effet en entrant dans la rade. Il portait je ne sais plus quel pavillon qui lui valut un salut réglementaire de onze coups de canon, rendus par lui coup pour coup; total: vingt-deux. On a calculé qu'en salves, politesses royales et militaires, échanges de tapages courtois, signaux d'étiquette, formalités de rades et de citadelles, levers et couchers de soleil salués tous les jours par toutes les forteresses et tous les navires de guerre, ouvertures et fermetures de portes, etc., etc., le monde civilisé tirait à poudre par toute la terre, toutes les vingt-quatre heures, cent cinquante mille coups de canon inutiles. À six francs le coup de canon, cela fait neuf cent mille francs par jour, trois cents millions par an, qui s'en vont en fumée. Ceci n'est qu'un détail. Pendant ce temps-là les pauvres meurent de faim.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'année 1823 était ce que la restauration a appelé «l'époque de la guerre d'Espagne.»&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette guerre contenait beaucoup d'événements dans un seul, et force singularités. Une grosse affaire de famille pour la maison de Bourbon; la branche de France secourant et protégeant la branche de Madrid, c'est-à-dire faisant acte d'aînesse; un retour apparent à nos traditions nationales compliqué de servitude et de sujétion aux cabinets du nord; Mr le duc d'Angoulême, surnommé par les feuilles libérales le héros d'Andujar, comprimant, dans une attitude triomphale un peu contrariée par son air paisible, le vieux terrorisme fort réel du saint-office aux prises avec le terrorisme chimérique des libéraux; les sans-culottes ressuscités au grand effroi des douairières sous le nom de descamisados; le monarchisme faisant obstacle au progrès qualifié anarchie; les théories de 89 brusquement interrompues dans la sape; un holà européen intimé à l'idée française faisant son tour du monde; à côté du fils de France généralissime, le prince de Carignan, depuis Charles-Albert, s'enrôlant dans cette croisade des rois contre les peuples comme volontaire avec des épaulettes de grenadier en laine rouge; les soldats de l'empire se remettant en campagne, mais après huit années de repos, vieillis, tristes, et sous la cocarde blanche; le drapeau tricolore agité à l'étranger par une héroïque poignée de Français comme le drapeau blanc l'avait été à Coblentz trente ans auparavant; les moines mêlés à nos troupiers; l'esprit de liberté et de nouveauté mis à la raison par les bayonnettes; les principes matés à coups de canon; la France défaisant par ses armes ce qu'elle avait fait par son esprit; du reste, les chefs ennemis vendus, les soldats hésitants, les villes assiégées par des millions; point de périls militaires et pourtant des explosions possibles, comme dans toute mine surprise et envahie; peu de sang versé, peu d'honneur conquis, de la honte pour quelques-uns, de la gloire pour personne; telle fut cette guerre, faite par des princes qui descendaient de Louis XIV et conduite par des généraux qui sortaient de Napoléon. Elle eut ce triste sort de ne rappeler ni la grande guerre ni la grande politique.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quelques faits d'armes furent sérieux; la prise du Trocadéro, entre autres, fut une belle action militaire; mais en somme, nous le répétons, les trompettes de cette guerre rendent un son fêlé, l'ensemble fut suspect, l'histoire approuve la France dans sa difficulté d'acceptation de ce faux triomphe. Il parut évident que certains officiers espagnols chargés de la résistance cédèrent trop aisément, l'idée de corruption se dégagea de la victoire; il sembla qu'on avait plutôt gagné les généraux que les batailles, et le soldat vainqueur rentra humilié. Guerre diminuante en effet où l'on put lire Banque de France dans les plis du drapeau. Des soldats de la guerre de 1808, sur lesquels s'était formidablement écroulée Saragosse, fronçaient le sourcil en 1823 devant l'ouverture facile des citadelles, et se prenaient à regretter Palafox. C'est l'humeur de la France d'aimer encore mieux avoir devant elle Rostopchine que Ballesteros.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
À un point de vue plus grave encore, et sur lequel il convient d'insister aussi, cette guerre, qui froissait en France l'esprit militaire, indignait l'esprit démocratique. C'était une entreprise d'asservissement. Dans cette campagne, le but du soldat français, fils de la démocratie, était la conquête d'un joug pour autrui. Contresens hideux. La France est faite pour réveiller l'âme des peuples, non pour l'étouffer. Depuis 1792, toutes les révolutions de l'Europe sont la révolution française; la liberté rayonne de France. C'est là un fait solaire. Aveugle qui ne le voit pas! c'est Bonaparte qui l'a dit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La guerre de 1823, attentat à la généreuse nation espagnole, était donc en même temps un attentat à la révolution française. Cette voie de fait monstrueuse, c'était la France qui la commettait; de force; car, en dehors des guerres libératrices, tout ce que font les armées, elles le font de force. Le mot obéissance passive l'indique. Une armée est un étrange chef-d'œuvre de combinaison où la force résulte d'une somme énorme d'impuissance. Ainsi s'explique la guerre, faite par l'humanité contre l'humanité malgré l'humanité.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quant aux Bourbons, la guerre de 1823 leur fut fatale. Ils la prirent pour un succès. Ils ne virent point quel danger il y a à faire tuer une idée par une consigne. Ils se méprirent dans leur naïveté au point d'introduire dans leur établissement comme élément de force l'immense affaiblissement d'un crime. L'esprit de guet-apens entra dans leur politique. 1830 germa dans 1823. La campagne d'Espagne devint dans leurs conseils un argument pour les coups de force et pour les aventures de droit divin. La France, ayant rétabli el rey neto en Espagne, pouvait bien rétablir le roi absolu chez elle. Ils tombèrent dans cette redoutable erreur de prendre l'obéissance du soldat pour le consentement de la nation. Cette confiance-là perd les trônes. Il ne faut s'endormir, ni à l'ombre d'un mancenillier ni à l'ombre d'une armée.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Revenons au navire l' Orion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pendant les opérations de l'armée commandée par le prince-généralissime, une escadre croisait dans la Méditerranée. Nous venons de dire que l'Orion était de cette escadre et qu'il fut ramené par des événements de mer dans le port de Toulon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La présence d'un vaisseau de guerre dans un port a je ne sais quoi qui appelle et qui occupe la foule. C'est que cela est grand, et que la foule aime ce qui est grand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un vaisseau de ligne est une des plus magnifiques rencontres qu'ait le génie de l'homme avec la puissance de la nature.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un vaisseau de ligne est composé à la fois de ce qu'il y a de plus lourd et de ce qu'il y a de plus léger, parce qu'il a affaire en même temps aux trois formes de la substance, au solide, au liquide, au fluide, et qu'il doit lutter contre toutes les trois. Il a onze griffes de fer pour saisir le granit au fond de la mer, et plus d'ailes et plus d'antennes que la bigaille pour prendre le vent dans les nuées. Son haleine sort par ses cent vingt canons comme par des clairons énormes, et répond fièrement à la foudre. L'océan cherche à l'égarer dans l'effrayante similitude de ses vagues, mais le vaisseau a son âme, sa boussole, qui le conseille et lui montre toujours le nord. Dans les nuits noires ses fanaux suppléent aux étoiles. Ainsi, contre le vent il a la corde et la toile, contre l'eau le bois, contre le rocher le fer, le cuivre et le plomb, contre l'ombre la lumière, contre l'immensité une aiguille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si l'on veut se faire une idée de toutes ces proportions gigantesques dont l'ensemble constitue le vaisseau de ligne, on n'a qu'à entrer sous une des cales couvertes, à six étages, des ports de Brest ou de Toulon. Les vaisseaux en construction sont là sous cloche, pour ainsi dire. Cette poutre colossale, c'est une vergue; cette grosse colonne de bois couchée à terre à perte de vue, c'est le grand mât. À le prendre de sa racine dans la cale à sa cime dans la nuée, il est long de soixante toises, et il a trois pieds de diamètre à sa base. Le grand mât anglais s'élève à deux cent dix-sept pieds au-dessus de la ligne de flottaison. La marine de nos pères employait des câbles, la nôtre emploie des chaînes. Le simple tas de chaînes d'un vaisseau de cent canons a quatre pieds de haut, vingt pieds de large, huit pieds de profondeur. Et pour faire ce vaisseau, combien faut-il de bois? Trois mille stères. C'est une forêt qui flotte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et encore, qu'on le remarque bien, il ne s'agit ici que du bâtiment militaire d'il y a quarante ans, du simple navire à voiles; la vapeur, alors dans l'enfance, a depuis ajouté de nouveaux miracles à ce prodige qu'on appelle le vaisseau de guerre. À l'heure qu'il est, par exemple, le navire mixte à hélice est une machine surprenante traînée par une voilure de trois mille mètres carrés de surface et par une chaudière de la force de deux mille cinq cents chevaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sans parler de ces merveilles nouvelles, l'ancien navire de Christophe Colomb et de Ruyter est un des grands chefs-d'œuvre de l'homme. Il est inépuisable en force comme l'infini en souffles, il emmagasine le vent dans sa voile, il est précis dans l'immense diffusion des vagues, il flotte et il règne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il vient une heure pourtant où la rafale brise comme une paille cette vergue de soixante pieds de long, où le vent ploie comme un jonc ce mât de quatre cents pieds de haut, où cette ancre qui pèse dix milliers se tord dans la gueule de la vague comme l'hameçon d'un pêcheur dans la mâchoire d'un brochet, où ces canons monstrueux poussent des rugissements plaintifs et inutiles que l'ouragan emporte dans le vide et dans la nuit, où toute cette puissance et toute cette majesté s'abîment dans une puissance et dans une majesté supérieures. Toutes les fois qu'une force immense se déploie pour aboutir à une immense faiblesse, cela fait rêver les hommes. De là, dans les ports, les curieux qui abondent, sans qu'ils s'expliquent eux-mêmes parfaitement pourquoi, autour de ces merveilleuses machines de guerre et de navigation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tous les jours donc, du matin au soir, les quais, les musoirs et les jetées du port de Toulon étaient couverts d'une quantité d'oisifs et de badauds, comme on dit à Paris, ayant pour affaire de regarder l'Orion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'Orion était un navire malade depuis longtemps. Dans ses navigations antérieures, des couches épaisses de coquillages s'étaient amoncelées sur sa carène au point de lui faire perdre la moitié de sa marche; on l'avait mis à sec l'année précédente pour gratter ces coquillages, puis il avait repris la mer. Mais ce grattage avait altéré les boulonnages de la carène. À la hauteur des Baléares, le bordé s'était fatigué et ouvert, et, comme le vaigrage ne se faisait pas alors en tôle, le navire avait fait de l'eau. Un violent coup d'équinoxe était survenu, qui avait défoncé à bâbord la poulaine et un sabord et endommagé le porte-haubans de misaine. À la suite de ces avaries, l' Orion avait regagné Toulon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il était mouillé près de l'Arsenal. Il était en armement et on le réparait. La coque n'avait pas été endommagée à tribord, mais quelques bordages y étaient décloués çà et là, selon l'usage, pour laisser pénétrer de l'air dans la carcasse.&lt;br /&gt;
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Un matin la foule qui le contemplait fut témoin d'un accident.&lt;br /&gt;
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L'équipage était occupé à enverguer les voiles. Le gabier chargé de prendre l'empointure du grand hunier tribord perdit l'équilibre. On le vit chanceler, la multitude amassée sur le quai de l'Arsenal jeta un cri, la tête emporta le corps, l'homme tourna autour de la vergue, les mains étendues vers l'abîme; il saisit, au passage, le faux marchepied d'une main d'abord, puis de l'autre, et il y resta suspendu. La mer était au-dessous de lui à une profondeur vertigineuse. La secousse de sa chute avait imprimé au faux marchepied un violent mouvement d'escarpolette. L'homme allait et venait au bout de cette corde comme la pierre d'une fronde.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aller à son secours, c'était courir un risque effrayant. Aucun des matelots, tous pêcheurs de la côte nouvellement levés pour le service, n'osait s'y aventurer. Cependant le malheureux gabier se fatiguait; on ne pouvait voir son angoisse sur son visage, mais on distinguait dans tous ses membres son épuisement. Ses bras se tendaient dans un tiraillement horrible. Chaque effort qu'il faisait pour remonter ne servait qu'à augmenter les oscillations du faux marchepied. Il ne criait pas de peur de perdre de la force. On n'attendait plus que la minute où il lâcherait la corde et par instants toutes les têtes se détournaient afin de ne pas le voir passer. Il y a des moments où un bout de corde, une perche, une branche d'arbre, c'est la vie même, et c'est une chose affreuse de voir un être vivant s'en détacher et tomber comme un fruit mûr.&lt;br /&gt;
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Tout à coup, on aperçut un homme qui grimpait dans le gréement avec l'agilité d'un chat-tigre. Cet homme était vêtu de rouge, c'était un forçat; il avait un bonnet vert, c'était un forçat à vie. Arrivé à la hauteur de la hune, un coup de vent emporta son bonnet et laissa voir une tête toute blanche, ce n'était pas un jeune homme.&lt;br /&gt;
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Un forçat en effet, employé à bord avec une corvée du bagne, avait dès le premier moment couru à l'officier de quart et au milieu du trouble et de l'hésitation de l'équipage, pendant que tous les matelots tremblaient et reculaient, il avait demandé à l'officier la permission de risquer sa vie pour sauver le gabier. Sur un signe affirmatif de l'officier, il avait rompu d'un coup de marteau la chaîne rivée à la manille de son pied, puis il avait pris une corde, et il s'était élancé dans les haubans. Personne ne remarqua en cet instant-là avec quelle facilité cette chaîne fut brisée. Ce ne fut que plus tard qu'on s'en souvint. En un clin d'œil il fut sur la vergue. Il s'arrêta quelques secondes et parut la mesurer du regard. Ces secondes, pendant lesquelles le vent balançait le gabier à l'extrémité d'un fil, semblèrent des siècles à ceux qui regardaient. Enfin le forçat leva les yeux au ciel, et fit un pas en avant. La foule respira. On le vit parcourir la vergue en courant. Parvenu à la pointe, il y attacha un bout de la corde qu'il avait apportée, et laissa pendre l'autre bout, puis il se mit à descendre avec les mains le long de cette corde, et alors ce fut une inexplicable angoisse, au lieu d'un homme suspendu sur le gouffre, on en vit deux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On eût dit une araignée venant saisir une mouche; seulement ici l'araignée apportait la vie et non la mort. Dix mille regards étaient fixés sur ce groupe. Pas un cri, pas une parole, le même frémissement fronçait tous les sourcils. Toutes les bouches retenaient leur haleine, comme si elles eussent craint d'ajouter le moindre souffle au vent qui secouait les deux misérables.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cependant le forçat était parvenu à s'affaler près du matelot. Il était temps; une minute de plus, l'homme, épuisé et désespéré, se laissait tomber dans l'abîme; le forçat l'avait amarré solidement avec la corde à laquelle il se tenait d'une main pendant qu'il travaillait de l'autre. Enfin on le vit remonter sur la vergue et y haler le matelot; il le soutint là un instant pour lui laisser reprendre des forces, puis il le saisit dans ses bras et le porta, en marchant sur la vergue jusqu'au chouquet, et de là dans la hune où il le laissa dans les mains de ses camarades.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
À cet instant la foule applaudit; il y eut de vieux argousins de chiourme qui pleurèrent, les femmes s'embrassaient sur le quai, et l'on entendit toutes les voix crier avec une sorte de fureur attendrie: «La grâce de cet homme!»&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lui, cependant, s'était mis en devoir de redescendre immédiatement pour rejoindre sa corvée. Pour être plus promptement arrivé, il se laissa glisser dans le gréement et se mit à courir sur une basse vergue. Tous les yeux le suivaient. À un certain moment, on eut peur; soit qu'il fût fatigué, soit que la tête lui tournât, on crut le voir hésiter et chanceler. Tout à coup la foule poussa un grand cri, le forçat venait de tomber à la mer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La chute était périlleuse. La frégate l' Algésiras était mouillée auprès de l' Orion, et le pauvre galérien était tombé entre les deux navires. Il était à craindre qu'il ne glissât sous l'un ou sous l'autre. Quatre hommes se jetèrent en hâte dans une embarcation. La foule les encourageait, l'anxiété était de nouveau dans toutes les âmes. L'homme n'était pas remonté à la surface. Il avait disparu dans la mer sans y faire un pli, comme s'il fût tombé dans une tonne d'huile. On sonda, on plongea. Ce fut en vain. On chercha jusqu'au soir; on ne retrouva pas même le corps.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le lendemain, le journal de Toulon imprimait ces quelques livres:—«17 novembre 1823.—Hier, un forçat, de corvée à bord de l'Orion, en revenant de porter secours à un matelot, est tombé à la mer et s'est noyé. On n'a pu retrouver son cadavre. On présume qu'il se sera engagé sous le pilotis de la pointe de l'Arsenal. Cet homme était écroué sous le nº 9430 et se nommait Jean Valjean.»&lt;br /&gt;
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==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Towards the end of October, in that same year, 1823, the inhabitants of Toulon beheld the entry into their port, after heavy weather, and for the purpose of repairing some damages, of the ship Orion, which was employed later at Brest as a school-ship, and which then formed a part of the Mediterranean squadron.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This vessel, battered as it was,—for the sea had handled it roughly,—produced a fine effect as it entered the roads. It flew some colors which procured for it the regulation salute of eleven guns, which it returned, shot for shot; total, twenty-two. It has been calculated that what with salvos, royal and military politenesses, courteous exchanges of uproar, signals of etiquette, formalities of roadsteads and citadels, sunrises and sunsets, saluted every day by all fortresses and all ships of war, openings and closings of ports, etc., the civilized world, discharged all over the earth, in the course of four and twenty hours, one hundred and fifty thousand useless shots. At six francs the shot, that comes to nine hundred thousand francs a day, three hundred millions a year, which vanish in smoke. This is a mere detail. All this time the poor were dying of hunger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The year 1823 was what the Restoration called &amp;quot;the epoch of the Spanish war.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This war contained many events in one, and a quantity of peculiarities. A grand family affair for the house of Bourbon; the branch of France succoring and protecting the branch of Madrid, that is to say, performing an act devolving on the elder; an apparent return to our national traditions, complicated by servitude and by subjection to the cabinets of the North; M. le Duc d'Angoulême, surnamed by the liberal sheets the hero of Andujar, compressing in a triumphal attitude that was somewhat contradicted by his peaceable air, the ancient and very powerful terrorism of the Holy Office at variance with the chimerical terrorism of the liberals; the sansculottes resuscitated, to the great terror of dowagers, under the name of descamisados; monarchy opposing an obstacle to progress described as anarchy; the theories of '89 roughly interrupted in the sap; a European halt, called to the French idea, which was making the tour of the world; beside the son of France as generalissimo, the Prince de Carignan, afterwards Charles Albert, enrolling himself in that crusade of kings against people as a volunteer, with grenadier epaulets of red worsted; the soldiers of the Empire setting out on a fresh campaign, but aged, saddened, after eight years of repose, and under the white cockade; the tricolored standard waved abroad by a heroic handful of Frenchmen, as the white standard had been thirty years earlier at Coblentz; monks mingled with our troops; the spirit of liberty and of novelty brought to its senses by bayonets; principles slaughtered by cannonades; France undoing by her arms that which she had done by her mind; in addition to this, hostile leaders sold, soldiers hesitating, cities besieged by millions; no military perils, and yet possible explosions, as in every mine which is surprised and invaded; but little bloodshed, little honor won, shame for some, glory for no one. Such was this war, made by the princes descended from Louis XIV., and conducted by generals who had been under Napoleon. Its sad fate was to recall neither the grand war nor grand politics.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some feats of arms were serious; the taking of the Trocadero, among others, was a fine military action; but after all, we repeat, the trumpets of this war give back a cracked sound, the whole effect was suspicious; history approves of France for making a difficulty about accepting this false triumph. It seemed evident that certain Spanish officers charged with resistance yielded too easily; the idea of corruption was connected with the victory; it appears as though generals and not battles had been won, and the conquering soldier returned humiliated. A debasing war, in short, in which the Bank of France could be read in the folds of the flag.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Soldiers of the war of 1808, on whom Saragossa had fallen in formidable ruin, frowned in 1823 at the easy surrender of citadels, and began to regret Palafox. It is the nature of France to prefer to have Rostopchine rather than Ballesteros in front of her.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From a still more serious point of view, and one which it is also proper to insist upon here, this war, which wounded the military spirit of France, enraged the democratic spirit. It was an enterprise of inthralment. In that campaign, the object of the French soldier, the son of democracy, was the conquest of a yoke for others. A hideous contradiction. France is made to arouse the soul of nations, not to stifle it. All the revolutions of Europe since 1792 are the French Revolution: liberty darts rays from France. That is a solar fact. Blind is he who will not see! It was Bonaparte who said it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The war of 1823, an outrage on the generous Spanish nation, was then, at the same time, an outrage on the French Revolution. It was France who committed this monstrous violence; by foul means, for, with the exception of wars of liberation, everything that armies do is by foul means. The words passive obedience indicate this. An army is a strange masterpiece of combination where force results from an enormous sum of impotence. Thus is war, made by humanity against humanity, despite humanity, explained.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for the Bourbons, the war of 1823 was fatal to them. They took it for a success. They did not perceive the danger that lies in having an idea slain to order. They went astray, in their innocence, to such a degree that they introduced the immense enfeeblement of a crime into their establishment as an element of strength. The spirit of the ambush entered into their politics. 1830 had its germ in 1823. The Spanish campaign became in their counsels an argument for force and for adventures by right Divine. France, having re-established elrey netto in Spain, might well have re-established the absolute king at home. They fell into the alarming error of taking the obedience of the soldier for the consent of the nation. Such confidence is the ruin of thrones. It is not permitted to fall asleep, either in the shadow of a machineel tree, nor in the shadow of an army.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let us return to the ship Orion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
During the operations of the army commanded by the prince generalissimo, a squadron had been cruising in the Mediterranean. We have just stated that the Orion belonged to this fleet, and that accidents of the sea had brought it into port at Toulon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The presence of a vessel of war in a port has something about it which attracts and engages a crowd. It is because it is great, and the crowd loves what is great.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A ship of the line is one of the most magnificent combinations of the genius of man with the powers of nature.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A ship of the line is composed, at the same time, of the heaviest and the lightest of possible matter, for it deals at one and the same time with three forms of substance,—solid, liquid, and fluid,—and it must do battle with all three. It has eleven claws of iron with which to seize the granite on the bottom of the sea, and more wings and more antennae than winged insects, to catch the wind in the clouds. Its breath pours out through its hundred and twenty cannons as through enormous trumpets, and replies proudly to the thunder. The ocean seeks to lead it astray in the alarming sameness of its billows, but the vessel has its soul, its compass, which counsels it and always shows it the north. In the blackest nights, its lanterns supply the place of the stars. Thus, against the wind, it has its cordage and its canvas; against the water, wood; against the rocks, its iron, brass, and lead; against the shadows, its light; against immensity, a needle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If one wishes to form an idea of all those gigantic proportions which, taken as a whole, constitute the ship of the line, one has only to enter one of the six-story covered construction stocks, in the ports of Brest or Toulon. The vessels in process of construction are under a bell-glass there, as it were. This colossal beam is a yard; that great column of wood which stretches out on the earth as far as the eye can reach is the main-mast. Taking it from its root in the stocks to its tip in the clouds, it is sixty fathoms long, and its diameter at its base is three feet. The English main-mast rises to a height of two hundred and seventeen feet above the water-line. The navy of our fathers employed cables, ours employs chains. The simple pile of chains on a ship of a hundred guns is four feet high, twenty feet in breadth, and eight feet in depth. And how much wood is required to make this ship? Three thousand cubic metres. It is a floating forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And moreover, let this be borne in mind, it is only a question here of the military vessel of forty years ago, of the simple sailing-vessel; steam, then in its infancy, has since added new miracles to that prodigy which is called a war vessel. At the present time, for example, the mixed vessel with a screw is a surprising machine, propelled by three thousand square metres of canvas and by an engine of two thousand five hundred horse-power.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not to mention these new marvels, the ancient vessel of Christopher Columbus and of De Ruyter is one of the masterpieces of man. It is as inexhaustible in force as is the Infinite in gales; it stores up the wind in its sails, it is precise in the immense vagueness of the billows, it floats, and it reigns.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There comes an hour, nevertheless, when the gale breaks that sixty-foot yard like a straw, when the wind bends that mast four hundred feet tall, when that anchor, which weighs tens of thousands, is twisted in the jaws of the waves like a fisherman's hook in the jaws of a pike, when those monstrous cannons utter plaintive and futile roars, which the hurricane bears forth into the void and into night, when all that power and all that majesty are engulfed in a power and majesty which are superior.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Every time that immense force is displayed to culminate in an immense feebleness it affords men food for thought, Hence in the ports curious people abound around these marvellous machines of war and of navigation, without being able to explain perfectly to themselves why. Every day, accordingly, from morning until night, the quays, sluices, and the jetties of the port of Toulon were covered with a multitude of idlers and loungers, as they say in Paris, whose business consisted in staring at the Orion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Orion was a ship that had been ailing for a long time; in the course of its previous cruises thick layers of barnacles had collected on its keel to such a degree as to deprive it of half its speed; it had gone into the dry dock the year before this, in order to have the barnacles scraped off, then it had put to sea again; but this cleaning had affected the bolts of the keel: in the neighborhood of the Balearic Isles the sides had been strained and had opened; and, as the plating in those days was not of sheet iron, the vessel had sprung a leak. A violent equinoctial gale had come up, which had first staved in a grating and a porthole on the larboard side, and damaged the foretop-gallant-shrouds; in consequence of these injuries, the Orion had run back to Toulon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It anchored near the Arsenal; it was fully equipped, and repairs were begun. The hull had received no damage on the starboard, but some of the planks had been unnailed here and there, according to custom, to permit of air entering the hold.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One morning the crowd which was gazing at it witnessed an accident. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The crew was busy bending the sails; the topman, who had to take the upper corner of the main-top-sail on the starboard, lost his balance; he was seen to waver; the multitude thronging the Arsenal quay uttered a cry; the man's head overbalanced his body; the man fell around the yard, with his hands outstretched towards the abyss; on his way he seized the footrope, first with one hand, then with the other, and remained hanging from it: the sea lay below him at a dizzy depth; the shock of his fall had imparted to the foot-rope a violent swinging motion; the man swayed back and forth at the end of that rope, like a stone in a sling.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was incurring a frightful risk to go to his assistance; not one of the sailors, all fishermen of the coast, recently levied for the service, dared to attempt it. In the meantime, the unfortunate topman was losing his strength; his anguish could not be discerned on his face, but his exhaustion was visible in every limb; his arms were contracted in horrible twitchings; every effort which he made to re-ascend served but to augment the oscillations of the foot-rope; he did not shout, for fear of exhausting his strength. All were awaiting the minute when he should release his hold on the rope, and, from instant to instant, heads were turned aside that his fall might not be seen. There are moments when a bit of rope, a pole, the branch of a tree, is life itself, and it is a terrible thing to see a living being detach himself from it and fall like a ripe fruit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All at once a man was seen climbing into the rigging with the agility of a tiger-cat; this man was dressed in red; he was a convict; he wore a green cap; he was a life convict. On arriving on a level with the top, a gust of wind carried away his cap, and allowed a perfectly white head to be seen: he was not a young man.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A convict employed on board with a detachment from the galleys had, in fact, at the very first instant, hastened to the officer of the watch, and, in the midst of the consternation and the hesitation of the crew, while all the sailors were trembling and drawing back, he had asked the officer's permission to risk his life to save the topman; at an affirmative sign from the officer he had broken the chain riveted to his ankle with one blow of a hammer, then he had caught up a rope, and had dashed into the rigging: no one noticed, at the instant, with what ease that chain had been broken; it was only later on that the incident was recalled.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In a twinkling he was on the yard; he paused for a few seconds and appeared to be measuring it with his eye; these seconds, during which the breeze swayed the topman at the extremity of a thread, seemed centuries to those who were looking on. At last, the convict raised his eyes to heaven and advanced a step: the crowd drew a long breath. He was seen to run out along the yard: on arriving at the point, he fastened the rope which he had brought to it, and allowed the other end to hang down, then he began to descend the rope, hand over hand, and then,—and the anguish was indescribable,—instead of one man suspended over the gulf, there were two.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One would have said it was a spider coming to seize a fly, only here the spider brought life, not death. Ten thousand glances were fastened on this group; not a cry, not a word; the same tremor contracted every brow; all mouths held their breath as though they feared to add the slightest puff to the wind which was swaying the two unfortunate men.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the meantime, the convict had succeeded in lowering himself to a position near the sailor. It was high time; one minute more, and the exhausted and despairing man would have allowed himself to fall into the abyss. The convict had moored him securely with the cord to which he clung with one hand, while he was working with the other. At last, he was seen to climb back on the yard, and to drag the sailor up after him; he held him there a moment to allow him to recover his strength, then he grasped him in his arms and carried him, walking on the yard himself to the cap, and from there to the main-top, where he left him in the hands of his comrades.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that moment the crowd broke into applause: old convict-sergeants among them wept, and women embraced each other on the quay, and all voices were heard to cry with a sort of tender rage, &amp;quot;Pardon for that man!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He, in the meantime, had immediately begun to make his descent to rejoin his detachment. In order to reach them the more speedily, he dropped into the rigging, and ran along one of the lower yards; all eyes were following him. At a certain moment fear assailed them; whether it was that he was fatigued, or that his head turned, they thought they saw him hesitate and stagger. All at once the crowd uttered a loud shout: the convict had fallen into the sea.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The fall was perilous. The frigate Algesiras was anchored alongside the Orion, and the poor convict had fallen between the two vessels: it was to be feared that he would slip under one or the other of them. Four men flung themselves hastily into a boat; the crowd cheered them on; anxiety again took possession of all souls; the man had not risen to the surface; he had disappeared in the sea without leaving a ripple, as though he had fallen into a cask of oil: they sounded, they dived. In vain. The search was continued until the evening: they did not even find the body.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On the following day the Toulon newspaper printed these lines:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nov. 17, 1823. Yesterday, a convict belonging to the detachment on board of the Orion, on his return from rendering assistance to a sailor, fell into the sea and was drowned. The body has not yet been found; it is supposed that it is entangled among the piles of the Arsenal point: this man was committed under the number 9,430, and his name was Jean Valjean.&amp;quot; &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_6/Chapter_2&amp;diff=188572</id>
		<title>Volume 4/Book 6/Chapter 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_4/Book_6/Chapter_2&amp;diff=188572"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:47:08Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 146.185.234.48 (talk) to last revision by Human-ithink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis, Book Sixth: Little Gavroche, Chapter 2: In which Little Gavroche extracts Profit from Napoleon the Great&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 4: L'idylle rue Plumet et l'&amp;amp;eacute;pop&amp;amp;eacute;e rue Saint-Denis, Livre sixi&amp;amp;egrave;me:  Le petit Gavroche, Chapitre 2: O&amp;amp;ugrave; le petit Gavroche tire parti de Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on le Grand)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le printemps &amp;amp;agrave; Paris est assez souvent travers&amp;amp;eacute; par des bises aigres et&lt;br /&gt;
dures dont on est, non pas pr&amp;amp;eacute;cis&amp;amp;eacute;ment glac&amp;amp;eacute;, mais gel&amp;amp;eacute;; ces bises, qui&lt;br /&gt;
attristent les plus belles journ&amp;amp;eacute;es, font exactement l'effet de ces&lt;br /&gt;
souffles d'air froid qui entrent dans une chambre chaude par les fentes&lt;br /&gt;
d'une fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tre ou d'une porte mal ferm&amp;amp;eacute;e. Il semble que la sombre porte&lt;br /&gt;
de l'hiver soit rest&amp;amp;eacute;e entreb&amp;amp;acirc;ill&amp;amp;eacute;e et qu'il vienne du vent par l&amp;amp;agrave;. Au&lt;br /&gt;
printemps de 1832, &amp;amp;eacute;poque o&amp;amp;ugrave; &amp;amp;eacute;clata la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re grande &amp;amp;eacute;pid&amp;amp;eacute;mie de ce&lt;br /&gt;
si&amp;amp;egrave;cle en Europe, ces bises &amp;amp;eacute;taient plus &amp;amp;acirc;pres et plus poignantes que&lt;br /&gt;
jamais. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une porte plus glaciale encore que celle de l'hiver qui&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait entr'ouverte. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait la porte du s&amp;amp;eacute;pulcre. On sentait dans ces&lt;br /&gt;
bises le souffle du chol&amp;amp;eacute;ra.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Au point de vue m&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;orologique, ces vents froids avaient cela de&lt;br /&gt;
particulier qu'ils n'excluaient point une forte tension &amp;amp;eacute;lectrique. De&lt;br /&gt;
fr&amp;amp;eacute;quents orages, accompagn&amp;amp;eacute;s d'&amp;amp;eacute;clairs et de tonnerres, &amp;amp;eacute;clat&amp;amp;egrave;rent &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un soir que ces bises soufflaient rudement, au point que janvier&lt;br /&gt;
semblait revenu et que les bourgeois avaient repris les manteaux, le&lt;br /&gt;
petit Gavroche, toujours grelottant ga&amp;amp;icirc;ment sous ses loques, se tenait&lt;br /&gt;
debout et comme en extase devant la boutique d'un perruquier des&lt;br /&gt;
environs de l'Orme-Saint-Gervais. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait orn&amp;amp;eacute; d'un ch&amp;amp;acirc;le de femme en&lt;br /&gt;
laine, cueilli on ne sait o&amp;amp;ugrave;, dont il s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait fait un cache-nez. Le&lt;br /&gt;
petit Gavroche avait l'air d'admirer profond&amp;amp;eacute;ment une mari&amp;amp;eacute;e en cire,&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;collet&amp;amp;eacute;e et coiff&amp;amp;eacute;e de fleurs d'oranger, qui tournait derri&amp;amp;egrave;re la&lt;br /&gt;
vitre, montrant, entre deux quinquets, son sourire aux passants; mais en&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute; il observait la boutique afin de voir s'il ne pourrait pas&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;chiper&amp;amp;raquo; dans la devanture un pain de savon, qu'il irait ensuite&lt;br /&gt;
revendre un sou &amp;amp;agrave; un &amp;amp;laquo;coiffeur&amp;amp;raquo; de la banlieue. Il lui arrivait souvent&lt;br /&gt;
de d&amp;amp;eacute;jeuner d'un de ces pains-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Il appelait ce genre de travail, pour&lt;br /&gt;
lequel il avait du talent, &amp;amp;laquo;faire la barbe aux barbiers&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Tout en contemplant la mari&amp;amp;eacute;e et tout en lorgnant le pain de savon, il&lt;br /&gt;
grommelait entre ces dents ceci:&amp;amp;mdash;Mardi.&amp;amp;mdash;Ce n'est pas mardi.&amp;amp;mdash;Est-ce&lt;br /&gt;
mardi?&amp;amp;mdash;C'est peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre mardi.&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, c'est mardi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On n'a jamais su &amp;amp;agrave; quoi avait trait ce monologue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Si, par hasard, ce monologue se rapportait &amp;amp;agrave; la derni&amp;amp;egrave;re fois o&amp;amp;ugrave; il&lt;br /&gt;
avait d&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, il y avait trois jours, car on &amp;amp;eacute;tait au vendredi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le barbier, dans sa boutique chauff&amp;amp;eacute;e d'un bon po&amp;amp;ecirc;le, rasait une&lt;br /&gt;
pratique et jetait de temps en temps un regard de c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; cet ennemi, &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
ce gamin gel&amp;amp;eacute; et effront&amp;amp;eacute; qui avait les deux mains dans ses poches, mais&lt;br /&gt;
l'esprit &amp;amp;eacute;videmment hors du fourreau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Pendant que Gavroche examinait la mari&amp;amp;eacute;e, le vitrage et les&lt;br /&gt;
Windsor-soaps, deux enfants de taille in&amp;amp;eacute;gale, assez proprement v&amp;amp;ecirc;tus,&lt;br /&gt;
et encore plus petits que lui, paraissant l'un sept ans, l'autre cinq,&lt;br /&gt;
tourn&amp;amp;egrave;rent timidement le bec-de-cane et entr&amp;amp;egrave;rent dans la boutique en&lt;br /&gt;
demandant on ne sait quoi, la charit&amp;amp;eacute; peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre, dans un murmure&lt;br /&gt;
plaintif et qui ressemblait plut&amp;amp;ocirc;t &amp;amp;agrave; un g&amp;amp;eacute;missement qu'&amp;amp;agrave; une pri&amp;amp;egrave;re. Ils&lt;br /&gt;
parlaient tous deux &amp;amp;agrave; la fois, et leurs paroles &amp;amp;eacute;taient inintelligibles&lt;br /&gt;
parce que les sanglots coupaient la voix du plus jeune et que le froid&lt;br /&gt;
faisait claquer les dents de l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;. Le barbier se tourna avec un visage&lt;br /&gt;
furieux, et sans quitter son rasoir, refoulant l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; de la main gauche&lt;br /&gt;
et le petit du genou, les poussa tous deux dans la rue, et referma sa&lt;br /&gt;
porte en disant:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Venir refroidir le monde pour rien!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux enfants se remirent en marche en pleurant. Cependant une nu&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait venue; il commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ait &amp;amp;agrave; pleuvoir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le petit Gavroche courut apr&amp;amp;egrave;s eux et les aborda:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que vous avez donc, moutards?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Nous ne savons pas o&amp;amp;ugrave; coucher, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est &amp;amp;ccedil;a? dit Gavroche. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; grand'chose. Est-ce qu'on pleure pour&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;ccedil;a? Sont-ils serins donc!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et prenant, &amp;amp;agrave; travers sa sup&amp;amp;eacute;riorit&amp;amp;eacute; un peu goguenarde, un accent&lt;br /&gt;
d'autorit&amp;amp;eacute; attendrie et de protection douce:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Momacques, venez avec moi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, monsieur, fit l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et les deux enfants le suivirent comme ils auraient suivi un archev&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
Ils avaient cess&amp;amp;eacute; de pleurer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche leur fit monter la rue Saint-Antoine dans la direction de la&lt;br /&gt;
Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, tout en cheminant, jeta un coup d'&amp;amp;oelig;il indign&amp;amp;eacute; et r&amp;amp;eacute;trospectif&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; la boutique du barbier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Ccedil;a n'a pas de c&amp;amp;oelig;ur, ce merlan-l&amp;amp;agrave;, grommela-t-il. C'est un angliche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une fille, les voyant marcher &amp;amp;agrave; la file tous les trois, Gavroche en&lt;br /&gt;
t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, partit d'un rire bruyant. Ce rire manquait de respect au groupe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bonjour, mamselle Omnibus, lui dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un instant apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, le perruquier lui revenant, il ajouta:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je me trompe de b&amp;amp;ecirc;te; ce n'est pas un merlan, c'est un serpent.&lt;br /&gt;
Perruquier, j'irai chercher un serrurier, et je te ferai mettre une&lt;br /&gt;
sonnette &amp;amp;agrave; la queue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce perruquier l'avait rendu agressif. Il apostropha, en enjambant un&lt;br /&gt;
ruisseau, une porti&amp;amp;egrave;re barbue et digne de rencontrer Faust sur le&lt;br /&gt;
Brocken, laquelle avait son balai &amp;amp;agrave; la main.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Madame, lui dit-il, vous sortez donc avec votre cheval?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et sur ce, il &amp;amp;eacute;claboussa les bottes vernies d'un passant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dr&amp;amp;ocirc;le! cria le passant furieux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche leva le nez par-dessus son ch&amp;amp;acirc;le.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur se plaint?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;De toi! fit le passant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Le bureau est ferm&amp;amp;eacute;, dit Gavroche, je ne re&amp;amp;ccedil;ois plus de plaintes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cependant, en continuant de monter la rue, il avisa, toute glac&amp;amp;eacute;e sous&lt;br /&gt;
une porte coch&amp;amp;egrave;re, une mendiante de treize ou quatorze ans, si&lt;br /&gt;
court-v&amp;amp;ecirc;tue qu'on voyait ses genoux. La petite commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ait &amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;ecirc;tre trop&lt;br /&gt;
grande fille pour cela. La croissance vous joue de ces tours. La jupe&lt;br /&gt;
devient courte au moment o&amp;amp;ugrave; la nudit&amp;amp;eacute; devient ind&amp;amp;eacute;cente.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pauvre fille! dit Gavroche. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a n'a m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pas de culotte. Tiens, prends&lt;br /&gt;
toujours &amp;amp;ccedil;a.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et, d&amp;amp;eacute;faisant toute cette bonne laine qu'il avait autour du cou, il la&lt;br /&gt;
jeta sur les &amp;amp;eacute;paules maigres et violettes de la mendiante, o&amp;amp;ugrave; le&lt;br /&gt;
cache-nez redevint ch&amp;amp;acirc;le.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La petite le consid&amp;amp;eacute;ra d'un air &amp;amp;eacute;tonn&amp;amp;eacute; et re&amp;amp;ccedil;ut le ch&amp;amp;acirc;le en silence. &amp;amp;Agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
un certain degr&amp;amp;eacute; de d&amp;amp;eacute;tresse, le pauvre, dans sa stupeur, ne g&amp;amp;eacute;mit plus&lt;br /&gt;
du mal et ne remercie plus du bien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cela fait:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Brrr! dit Gavroche, plus frissonnant que saint Martin, qui, lui du&lt;br /&gt;
moins, avait gard&amp;amp;eacute; la moiti&amp;amp;eacute; de son manteau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Sur ce brrr! l'averse, redoublant d'humeur, fit rage. Ces mauvais&lt;br /&gt;
ciels-l&amp;amp;agrave; punissent les bonnes actions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave;! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria Gavroche, qu'est-ce que cela signifie? Il repleut! Bon&lt;br /&gt;
Dieu, si cela continue, je me d&amp;amp;eacute;sabonne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il se remit en marche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est &amp;amp;eacute;gal, reprit-il en jetant un coup d'&amp;amp;oelig;il &amp;amp;agrave; la mendiante qui se&lt;br /&gt;
pelotonnait sous le ch&amp;amp;acirc;le, en voil&amp;amp;agrave; une qui a une fameuse pelure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et, regardant la nu&amp;amp;eacute;e, il cria:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Attrap&amp;amp;eacute;!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux enfants embo&amp;amp;icirc;taient le pas derri&amp;amp;egrave;re lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comme ils passaient devant un de ces &amp;amp;eacute;pais treillis grill&amp;amp;eacute;s qui&lt;br /&gt;
indiquent la boutique d'un boulanger, car on met le pain comme l'or&lt;br /&gt;
derri&amp;amp;egrave;re des grillages de fer, Gavroche se tourna:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave;, m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes, avons-nous d&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, nous n'avons pas mang&amp;amp;eacute; depuis tant&amp;amp;ocirc;t ce&lt;br /&gt;
matin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vous &amp;amp;ecirc;tes donc sans p&amp;amp;egrave;re ni m&amp;amp;egrave;re? reprit majestueusement Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Faites excuse, monsieur, nous avons papa et maman, mais nous ne savons&lt;br /&gt;
pas o&amp;amp;ugrave; ils sont.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Des fois, cela vaut mieux que de le savoir, dit Gavroche qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait un&lt;br /&gt;
penseur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Voil&amp;amp;agrave;, continua l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, deux heures que nous marchons, nous avons&lt;br /&gt;
cherch&amp;amp;eacute; des choses au coin des bornes, mais nous ne trouvons rien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je sais, fit Gavroche. C'est les chiens qui mangent tout.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il reprit apr&amp;amp;egrave;s un silence:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! nous avons perdu nos auteurs. Nous ne savons plus ce que nous en&lt;br /&gt;
avons fait. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a ne se doit pas, gamins. C'est b&amp;amp;ecirc;te d'&amp;amp;eacute;garer comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a des&lt;br /&gt;
gens d'&amp;amp;acirc;ge. Ah &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave;! il faut licher pourtant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Du reste il ne leur fit pas de questions. &amp;amp;Ecirc;tre sans domicile, quoi de&lt;br /&gt;
plus simple?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; des deux m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes, presque enti&amp;amp;egrave;rement revenu &amp;amp;agrave; la prompte&lt;br /&gt;
insouciance de l'enfance, fit cette exclamation:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est dr&amp;amp;ocirc;le tout de m&amp;amp;ecirc;me. Maman qui avait dit qu'elle nous m&amp;amp;egrave;nerait&lt;br /&gt;
chercher du buis b&amp;amp;eacute;nit le dimanche des rameaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Neurs, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Maman, reprit l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, est une dame qui demeure avec mamselle Miss.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tanfl&amp;amp;ucirc;te, repartit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cependant il s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait arr&amp;amp;ecirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;, et depuis quelques minutes il t&amp;amp;acirc;tait et&lt;br /&gt;
fouillait toutes sortes de recoins qu'il avait dans ses haillons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Enfin il releva la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te d'un air qui ne voulait qu'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre satisfait, mais&lt;br /&gt;
qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait en r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute; triomphant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Calmons-nous, les momignards. Voici de quoi souper pour trois.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il tira d'une de ses poches un sou.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Sans laisser aux deux petits le temps de s'&amp;amp;eacute;bahir, il les poussa tous&lt;br /&gt;
deux devant lui dans la boutique du boulanger, et mit son sou sur le&lt;br /&gt;
comptoir en criant:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on! cinque centimes de pain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le boulanger, qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait le ma&amp;amp;icirc;tre en personne, prit un pain et un&lt;br /&gt;
couteau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;En trois morceaux, gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on! reprit Gavroche, et il ajouta avec dignit&amp;amp;eacute;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Nous sommes trois.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et voyant que le boulanger, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s avoir examin&amp;amp;eacute; les trois soupeurs,&lt;br /&gt;
avait pris un pain bis, il plongea profond&amp;amp;eacute;ment son doigt dans son nez&lt;br /&gt;
avec une aspiration aussi imp&amp;amp;eacute;rieuse que s'il e&amp;amp;ucirc;t eu au bout du pouce la&lt;br /&gt;
prise de tabac du grand Fr&amp;amp;eacute;d&amp;amp;eacute;ric, et jeta au boulanger en plein visage&lt;br /&gt;
cette apostrophe indign&amp;amp;eacute;e:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Keksek&amp;amp;ccedil;a?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ceux de nos lecteurs qui seraient tent&amp;amp;eacute;s de voir dans cette&lt;br /&gt;
interpellation de Gavroche au boulanger un mot russe ou polonais, ou&lt;br /&gt;
l'un de ces cris sauvages que les Yoways et les Botocudos se lancent du&lt;br /&gt;
bord d'un fleuve &amp;amp;agrave; l'autre &amp;amp;agrave; travers les solitudes, sont pr&amp;amp;eacute;venus que&lt;br /&gt;
c'est un mot qu'ils disent tous les jours (eux nos lecteurs) et qui&lt;br /&gt;
tient lieu de cette phrase: qu'est-ce que c'est que cela? Le boulanger&lt;br /&gt;
comprit parfaitement et r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh mais! c'est du pain, du tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bon pain de deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;me qualit&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vous voulez dire du larton brutal, reprit Gavroche, calme et&lt;br /&gt;
froidement d&amp;amp;eacute;daigneux. Du pain blanc, gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on! du larton savonn&amp;amp;eacute;! je&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;gale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le boulanger ne put s'emp&amp;amp;ecirc;cher de sourire, et tout en coupant le pain&lt;br /&gt;
blanc, il les consid&amp;amp;eacute;rait d'une fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on compatissante qui choqua Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave;, mitron! dit-il, qu'est-ce que vous avez donc &amp;amp;agrave; nous toiser&lt;br /&gt;
comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Mis tous trois bout &amp;amp;agrave; bout, ils auraient fait &amp;amp;agrave; peine une toise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand le pain fut coup&amp;amp;eacute;, le boulanger encaissa le sou, et Gavroche dit&lt;br /&gt;
aux deux enfants:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Morfilez.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les petits gar&amp;amp;ccedil;ons le regard&amp;amp;egrave;rent interdits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche se mit &amp;amp;agrave; rire:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! tiens, c'est vrai, &amp;amp;ccedil;a ne sait pas encore, c'est si petit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mangez.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
En m&amp;amp;ecirc;me temps, il leur tendait &amp;amp;agrave; chacun un morceau de pain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et, pensant que l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, qui lui paraissait plus digne de sa&lt;br /&gt;
conversation, m&amp;amp;eacute;ritait quelque encouragement sp&amp;amp;eacute;cial et devait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;barrass&amp;amp;eacute; de toute h&amp;amp;eacute;sitation &amp;amp;agrave; satisfaire son app&amp;amp;eacute;tit, il ajouta en&lt;br /&gt;
lui donnant la plus grosse part:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Colle-toi &amp;amp;ccedil;a dans le fusil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il y avait un morceau plus petit que les deux autres; il le prit pour&lt;br /&gt;
lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les pauvres enfants &amp;amp;eacute;taient affam&amp;amp;eacute;s, y compris Gavroche. Tout en&lt;br /&gt;
arrachant leur pain &amp;amp;agrave; belles dents, ils encombraient la boutique du&lt;br /&gt;
boulanger qui, maintenant qu'il &amp;amp;eacute;tait pay&amp;amp;eacute;, les regardait avec humeur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Rentrons dans la rue, dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ils reprirent la direction de la Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
De temps en temps, quand ils passaient devant les devantures de&lt;br /&gt;
boutiques &amp;amp;eacute;clair&amp;amp;eacute;es, le plus petit s'arr&amp;amp;ecirc;tait pour regarder l'heure &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
une montre en plomb suspendue &amp;amp;agrave; son cou par une ficelle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Voil&amp;amp;agrave; d&amp;amp;eacute;cid&amp;amp;eacute;ment un fort serin, disait Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Puis, pensif, il grommelait entre ses dents:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est &amp;amp;eacute;gal, si j'avais des m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes, je les serrerais mieux que &amp;amp;ccedil;a.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comme ils achevaient leur morceau de pain et atteignaient l'angle de&lt;br /&gt;
cette morose rue des Ballets au fond de laquelle on aper&amp;amp;ccedil;oit le guichet&lt;br /&gt;
bas et hostile de la Force:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens, c'est toi, Gavroche? dit quelqu'un.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens, c'est toi, Montparnasse? dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un homme qui venait d'aborder le gamin, et cet homme n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
autre que Montparnasse d&amp;amp;eacute;guis&amp;amp;eacute;, avec des besicles bleues, mais&lt;br /&gt;
reconnaissable pour Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;M&amp;amp;acirc;tin, poursuivit Gavroche, tu as une pelure couleur cataplasme de&lt;br /&gt;
graine de lin et des lunettes bleues comme un m&amp;amp;eacute;decin. Tu as du style,&lt;br /&gt;
parole de vieux!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Chut, fit Montparnasse, pas si haut!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il entra&amp;amp;icirc;na vivement Gavroche hors de la lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re des boutiques.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux petits suivaient machinalement en se tenant par la main.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand ils furent sous l'archivolte noire d'une porte coch&amp;amp;egrave;re, &amp;amp;agrave; l'abri&lt;br /&gt;
des regards et de la pluie:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Sais-tu o&amp;amp;ugrave; je vas? demanda Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; l'abbaye de Monte-&amp;amp;agrave;-Regret, dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Farceur!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et Montparnasse reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je vas retrouver Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! fit Gavroche, elle s'appelle Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse baissa la voix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pas elle, lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! Babet!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, Babet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je le croyais boucl&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il a d&amp;amp;eacute;fait la boucle, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il conta rapidement au gamin que, le matin de ce m&amp;amp;ecirc;me jour o&amp;amp;ugrave; ils&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;taient, Babet, ayant &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; transf&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; la Conciergerie, s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;eacute;vad&amp;amp;eacute; en&lt;br /&gt;
prenant &amp;amp;agrave; gauche au lieu de prendre &amp;amp;agrave; droite dans &amp;amp;laquo;le corridor de&lt;br /&gt;
l'instruction&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche admira l'habilet&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quel dentiste! dit-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse ajouta quelques d&amp;amp;eacute;tails sur l'&amp;amp;eacute;vasion de Babet, et termina&lt;br /&gt;
par:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oh! ce n'est pas tout.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, tout en &amp;amp;eacute;coutant, s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait saisi d'une canne que Montparnasse&lt;br /&gt;
tenait &amp;amp;agrave; la main; il en avait machinalement tir&amp;amp;eacute; la partie sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieure,&lt;br /&gt;
et la lame d'un poignard avait apparu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! fit-il en repoussant vivement le poignard, tu as emmen&amp;amp;eacute; ton&lt;br /&gt;
gendarme d&amp;amp;eacute;guis&amp;amp;eacute; en bourgeois.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse cligna de l'&amp;amp;oelig;il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Fichtre! reprit Gavroche, tu vas donc te colleter avec les cognes?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On ne sait pas, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit Montparnasse d'un air indiff&amp;amp;eacute;rent. Il est&lt;br /&gt;
toujours bon d'avoir une &amp;amp;eacute;pingle sur soi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche insista:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que tu vas donc faire cette nuit?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse prit de nouveau la corde grave et dit en mangeant les&lt;br /&gt;
syllabes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Des choses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et, changeant brusquement de conversation:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; propos!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quoi?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Une histoire de l'autre jour. Figure-toi. Je rencontre un bourgeois.&lt;br /&gt;
Il me fait cadeau d'un sermon et de sa bourse. Je mets &amp;amp;ccedil;a dans ma poche.&lt;br /&gt;
Une minute apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, je fouille dans ma poche. Il n'y avait plus rien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Que le sermon, fit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mais toi, reprit Montparnasse, o&amp;amp;ugrave; vas-tu donc maintenant?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche montra ses deux prot&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute;s et dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je vas coucher ces enfants-l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;O&amp;amp;ugrave; &amp;amp;ccedil;a, coucher?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Chez moi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;O&amp;amp;ugrave; &amp;amp;ccedil;a chez toi?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Chez moi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tu loges donc?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, je loge.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et o&amp;amp;ugrave; loges-tu?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant, dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse, quoique de sa nature peu &amp;amp;eacute;tonn&amp;amp;eacute;, ne put retenir une&lt;br /&gt;
exclamation:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien oui, dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant! repartit Gavroche. Kek&amp;amp;ccedil;aa?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ceci est encore un mot de la langue que personne n'&amp;amp;eacute;crit et que tout le&lt;br /&gt;
monde parle. Kek&amp;amp;ccedil;aa signifie: qu'est-ce que cela a?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'observation profonde du gamin ramena Montparnasse au calme et au bon&lt;br /&gt;
sens. Il parut revenir &amp;amp;agrave; de meilleurs sentiments pour le logis de&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Au fait! dit-il, oui, l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant. Y est-on bien?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bien, fit Gavroche. L&amp;amp;agrave;, vrai, chen&amp;amp;ucirc;ment. Il n'y a pas de vents&lt;br /&gt;
coulis comme sous les ponts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Comment y entres-tu?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'entre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;E y a donc un trou? demanda Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Parbleu! Mais il ne faut pas le dire. C'est entre les jambes de&lt;br /&gt;
devant. Les coqueurs ne l'ont pas vu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et tu grimpes? Oui, je comprends.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Un tour de main, cric, crac, c'est fait, plus personne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s un silence, Gavroche ajouta:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pour ces petits j'aurai une &amp;amp;eacute;chelle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse se mit &amp;amp;agrave; rire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;O&amp;amp;ugrave; diable as-tu pris ces m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes-l&amp;amp;agrave;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit avec simplicit&amp;amp;eacute;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est des momichards dont un perruquier m'a fait cadeau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cependant Montparnasse &amp;amp;eacute;tait devenu pensif.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tu m'as reconnu bien ais&amp;amp;eacute;ment, murmura-t-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il prit dans sa poche deux petits objets qui n'&amp;amp;eacute;taient autre chose que&lt;br /&gt;
deux tuyaux de plume envelopp&amp;amp;eacute;s de coton et s'en introduisit un dans&lt;br /&gt;
chaque narine. Ceci lui faisait un autre nez.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Ccedil;a te change, dit Gavroche, tu es moins laid, tu devrais garder&lt;br /&gt;
toujours &amp;amp;ccedil;a.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse &amp;amp;eacute;tait joli gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on, mais Gavroche &amp;amp;eacute;tait railleur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Sans rire, demanda Montparnasse, comment me trouves-tu?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait aussi un autre son de voix. En un clin d'&amp;amp;oelig;il, Montparnasse&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait devenu m&amp;amp;eacute;connaissable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oh! fais-nous Porrichinelle! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux petits, qui n'avaient rien &amp;amp;eacute;cout&amp;amp;eacute; jusque-l&amp;amp;agrave;, occup&amp;amp;eacute;s qu'ils&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;taient eux-m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes &amp;amp;agrave; fourrer leurs doigts dans leur nez, s'approch&amp;amp;egrave;rent &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
ce nom et regard&amp;amp;egrave;rent Montparnasse avec un commencement de joie et&lt;br /&gt;
d'admiration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Malheureusement Montparnasse &amp;amp;eacute;tait soucieux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il posa la main sur l'&amp;amp;eacute;paule de Gavroche et lui dit en appuyant sur les&lt;br /&gt;
mots:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Eacute;coute ce que je te dis, gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on, si j'&amp;amp;eacute;tais sur la place, avec mon&lt;br /&gt;
dogue, ma dague et ma digue, et si vous me prodiguiez dix gros sous, je&lt;br /&gt;
ne refuserais pas d'y goupiner, mais nous ne sommes pas le mardi gras.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette phrase bizarre produisit sur le gamin un effet singulier. Il se&lt;br /&gt;
tourna vivement, promena avec une attention profonde ses petits yeux&lt;br /&gt;
brillants autour de lui, et aper&amp;amp;ccedil;ut, &amp;amp;agrave; quelques pas, un sergent de ville&lt;br /&gt;
qui leur tournait le dos. Gavroche laissa &amp;amp;eacute;chapper un: ah, bon! qu'il&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;prima sur-le-champ, et, secouant la main de Montparnasse:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien, bonsoir, fit-il, je m'en vas &amp;amp;agrave; mon &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant avec mes m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes.&lt;br /&gt;
Une supposition que tu aurais besoin de moi une nuit, tu viendrais me&lt;br /&gt;
trouver l&amp;amp;agrave;. Je loge &amp;amp;agrave; l'entresol. Il n'y a pas de portier. Tu&lt;br /&gt;
demanderais monsieur Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est bon, dit Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et ils se s&amp;amp;eacute;par&amp;amp;egrave;rent, Montparnasse cheminant vers la Gr&amp;amp;egrave;ve et Gavroche&lt;br /&gt;
vers la Bastille. Le petit de cinq ans, tra&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; par son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re que&lt;br /&gt;
tra&amp;amp;icirc;nait Gavroche, tourna plusieurs fois la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te en arri&amp;amp;egrave;re pour voir&lt;br /&gt;
s'en aller &amp;amp;laquo;Porrichinelle&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La phrase amphigourique par laquelle Montparnasse avait averti Gavroche&lt;br /&gt;
de la pr&amp;amp;eacute;sence du sergent de ville ne contenait pas d'autre talisman que&lt;br /&gt;
l'assonance ''dig'' r&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;e cinq ou six fois sous des formes vari&amp;amp;eacute;es.&lt;br /&gt;
Cette syllabe ''dig'', non prononc&amp;amp;eacute;e isol&amp;amp;eacute;ment, mais artistement m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;e aux&lt;br /&gt;
mots d'une phrase, veut dire:&amp;amp;mdash;''Prenons garde, on ne peut pas parler&lt;br /&gt;
librement''.&amp;amp;mdash;Il y avait en outre dans la phrase de Montparnasse une&lt;br /&gt;
beaut&amp;amp;eacute; litt&amp;amp;eacute;raire qui &amp;amp;eacute;chappa &amp;amp;agrave; Gavroche, ''c'est mon dogue, ma dague et,&lt;br /&gt;
ma digue'', locution de l'argot du Temple qui signifie, ''mon chien, mon&lt;br /&gt;
couteau et ma femme,'' fort usit&amp;amp;eacute; parmi les pitres et les queues-rouges&lt;br /&gt;
du grand si&amp;amp;egrave;cle o&amp;amp;ugrave; Moli&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;crivait et o&amp;amp;ugrave; Callot dessinait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il y a vingt ans, on voyait encore dans l'angle sud-est de la place de&lt;br /&gt;
la Bastille pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de la gare du canal creus&amp;amp;eacute;e dans l'ancien foss&amp;amp;eacute; de la&lt;br /&gt;
prison-citadelle, un monument bizarre qui s'est effac&amp;amp;eacute; d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; de la&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;eacute;moire des Parisiens, et qui m&amp;amp;eacute;ritait d'y laisser quelque trace, car&lt;br /&gt;
c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une pens&amp;amp;eacute;e du &amp;amp;laquo;membre de l'Institut, g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral en chef de l'arm&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
d'&amp;amp;Eacute;gypte&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Nous disons monument, quoique ce ne f&amp;amp;ucirc;t qu'une maquette. Mais cette&lt;br /&gt;
maquette elle-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, &amp;amp;eacute;bauche prodigieuse, cadavre grandiose d'une id&amp;amp;eacute;e de&lt;br /&gt;
Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on que deux ou trois coups de vent successifs avaient emport&amp;amp;eacute;e et&lt;br /&gt;
jet&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; chaque fois plus loin de nous, &amp;amp;eacute;tait devenue historique, et&lt;br /&gt;
avait pris je ne sais quoi de d&amp;amp;eacute;finitif qui contrastait avec son aspect&lt;br /&gt;
provisoire. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant de quarante pieds de haut, construit en&lt;br /&gt;
charpente et en ma&amp;amp;ccedil;onnerie, portant sur son dos sa tour qui ressemblait&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; une maison, jadis peint en vert par un badigeonneur quelconque,&lt;br /&gt;
maintenant peint en noir par le ciel, la pluie et le temps. Dans cet&lt;br /&gt;
angle d&amp;amp;eacute;sert et d&amp;amp;eacute;couvert de la place, le large front du colosse, sa&lt;br /&gt;
trompe, ses d&amp;amp;eacute;fenses, sa tour, sa croupe &amp;amp;eacute;norme, ses quatre pieds&lt;br /&gt;
pareils &amp;amp;agrave; des colonnes faisaient, la nuit, sur le ciel &amp;amp;eacute;toil&amp;amp;eacute;, une&lt;br /&gt;
silhouette surprenante et terrible. On ne savait ce que cela voulait&lt;br /&gt;
dire. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une sorte de symbole de la force populaire. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
sombre, &amp;amp;eacute;nigmatique et immense. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait on ne sait quel fant&amp;amp;ocirc;me&lt;br /&gt;
puissant, visible et debout &amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; du spectre invisible de la Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Peu d'&amp;amp;eacute;trangers visitaient cet &amp;amp;eacute;difice, aucun passant ne le regardait.&lt;br /&gt;
Il tombait en ruine; &amp;amp;agrave; chaque saison, des pl&amp;amp;acirc;tras qui se d&amp;amp;eacute;tachaient de&lt;br /&gt;
ses flancs lui faisaient des plaies hideuses. Les &amp;amp;laquo;&amp;amp;eacute;diles&amp;amp;raquo;, comme on dit&lt;br /&gt;
en patois &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;gant, l'avaient oubli&amp;amp;eacute; depuis 1814. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait l&amp;amp;agrave; dans son&lt;br /&gt;
coin, morne, malade, croulant, entour&amp;amp;eacute; d'une palissade pourrie, souill&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; chaque instant par des cochers ivres; des crevasses lui l&amp;amp;eacute;zardaient le&lt;br /&gt;
ventre, une latte lui sortait de la queue, les hautes herbes lui&lt;br /&gt;
poussaient entre les jambes; et comme le niveau de la place s'&amp;amp;eacute;levait&lt;br /&gt;
depuis trente ans tout autour par ce mouvement lent et continu qui&lt;br /&gt;
exhausse insensiblement le sol des grandes villes, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait dans un&lt;br /&gt;
creux et il semblait que la terre s'enfon&amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;acirc;t sous lui. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait immonde,&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;eacute;pris&amp;amp;eacute;, repoussant et superbe, laid aux yeux du bourgeois, m&amp;amp;eacute;lancolique&lt;br /&gt;
aux yeux du penseur. Il avait quelque chose d'une ordure qu'on va&lt;br /&gt;
balayer et quelque chose d'une majest&amp;amp;eacute; qu'on va d&amp;amp;eacute;capiter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comme nous l'avons dit, la nuit l'aspect changeait. La nuit est le&lt;br /&gt;
v&amp;amp;eacute;ritable milieu de tout ce qui est ombre. D&amp;amp;egrave;s que tombait le&lt;br /&gt;
cr&amp;amp;eacute;puscule, le vieil &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant se transfigurait; il prenait une figure&lt;br /&gt;
tranquille et redoutable dans la formidable s&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;nit&amp;amp;eacute; des t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres. &amp;amp;Eacute;tant&lt;br /&gt;
du pass&amp;amp;eacute;, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait de la nuit; et cette obscurit&amp;amp;eacute; allait &amp;amp;agrave; sa grandeur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce monument, rude, trapu, pesant, &amp;amp;acirc;pre, aust&amp;amp;egrave;re, presque difforme, mais&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; coup s&amp;amp;ucirc;r majestueux et empreint d'une sorte de gravit&amp;amp;eacute; magnifique et&lt;br /&gt;
sauvage, a disparu pour laisser r&amp;amp;eacute;gner en paix l'esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de po&amp;amp;ecirc;le&lt;br /&gt;
gigantesque, orn&amp;amp;eacute; de son tuyau, qui a remplac&amp;amp;eacute; la sombre forteresse &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
neuf tours, &amp;amp;agrave; peu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s comme la bourgeoisie remplace la f&amp;amp;eacute;odalit&amp;amp;eacute;. Il&lt;br /&gt;
est tout simple qu'un po&amp;amp;ecirc;le soit le symbole d'une &amp;amp;eacute;poque dont une&lt;br /&gt;
marmite contient la puissance. Cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque passera, elle passe d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave;; on&lt;br /&gt;
commence &amp;amp;agrave; comprendre que, s'il peut y avoir de la force dans une&lt;br /&gt;
chaudi&amp;amp;egrave;re, il ne peut y avoir de puissance que dans un cerveau; en&lt;br /&gt;
d'autres termes, que ce qui m&amp;amp;egrave;ne et entra&amp;amp;icirc;ne le monde, ce ne sont pas&lt;br /&gt;
les locomotives, ce sont les id&amp;amp;eacute;es. Attelez les locomotives aux id&amp;amp;eacute;es,&lt;br /&gt;
c'est bien; mais ne prenez pas le cheval pour le cavalier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quoi qu'il en soit, pour revenir &amp;amp;agrave; la place de la Bastille, l'architecte&lt;br /&gt;
de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant avec du pl&amp;amp;acirc;tre &amp;amp;eacute;tait parvenu &amp;amp;agrave; faire du grand;&lt;br /&gt;
l'architecte du tuyau de po&amp;amp;ecirc;le a r&amp;amp;eacute;ussi &amp;amp;agrave; faire du petit avec du bronze.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce tuyau de po&amp;amp;ecirc;le, qu'on a baptis&amp;amp;eacute; d'un nom sonore et nomm&amp;amp;eacute; la colonne&lt;br /&gt;
de Juillet, ce monument manqu&amp;amp;eacute; d'une r&amp;amp;eacute;volution avort&amp;amp;eacute;e, &amp;amp;eacute;tait encore&lt;br /&gt;
envelopp&amp;amp;eacute; en 1832 d'une immense chemise en charpente que nous regrettons&lt;br /&gt;
pour notre part, et d'un vaste enclos en planches, qui achevait d'isoler&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce fut vers ce coin de la place, &amp;amp;agrave; peine &amp;amp;eacute;clair&amp;amp;eacute; du reflet d'un&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;verb&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;loign&amp;amp;eacute;, que le gamin dirigea les deux &amp;amp;laquo;m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Qu'on nous permette de nous interrompre ici et de rappeler que nous&lt;br /&gt;
sommes dans la simple r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute;, et qu'il y a vingt ans les tribunaux&lt;br /&gt;
correctionnels eurent &amp;amp;agrave; juger, sous pr&amp;amp;eacute;vention de vagabondage et de bris&lt;br /&gt;
d'un monument public, un enfant qui avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; surpris couch&amp;amp;eacute; dans&lt;br /&gt;
l'int&amp;amp;eacute;rieur m&amp;amp;ecirc;me de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant de la Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce fait constat&amp;amp;eacute;, nous continuons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
En arrivant pr&amp;amp;egrave;s du colosse, Gavroche comprit l'effet que l'infiniment&lt;br /&gt;
grand peut produire sur l'infiniment petit, et dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Moutards! n'ayez pas peur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Puis il entra par une lacune de la palissade dans l'enceinte de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant et aida les m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes &amp;amp;agrave; enjamber la br&amp;amp;egrave;che. Les deux enfants, un&lt;br /&gt;
peu effray&amp;amp;eacute;s, suivaient sans dire mot Gavroche et se confiaient &amp;amp;agrave; cette&lt;br /&gt;
petite providence en guenilles qui leur avait donn&amp;amp;eacute; du pain et leur&lt;br /&gt;
avait promis un g&amp;amp;icirc;te.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il y avait l&amp;amp;agrave;, couch&amp;amp;eacute;e le long de la palissade, une &amp;amp;eacute;chelle qui servait&lt;br /&gt;
le jour aux ouvriers du chantier voisin. Gavroche la souleva avec une&lt;br /&gt;
singuli&amp;amp;egrave;re vigueur, et l'appliqua contre une des jambes de devant de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant. Vers le point o&amp;amp;ugrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;chelle allait aboutir, on distinguait&lt;br /&gt;
une esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de trou noir dans le ventre du colosse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche montra l'&amp;amp;eacute;chelle et le trou &amp;amp;agrave; ses h&amp;amp;ocirc;tes et leur dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Montez et entrez.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux petits gar&amp;amp;ccedil;ons se regard&amp;amp;egrave;rent terrifi&amp;amp;eacute;s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vous avez peur, m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il ajouta:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vous allez voir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il &amp;amp;eacute;treignit le pied rugueux de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant, et en un clin d'&amp;amp;oelig;il, sans&lt;br /&gt;
daigner se servir de l'&amp;amp;eacute;chelle, il arriva &amp;amp;agrave; la crevasse. Il y entra&lt;br /&gt;
comme une couleuvre qui se glisse dans une fente, il s'y enfon&amp;amp;ccedil;a, et un&lt;br /&gt;
moment apr&amp;amp;egrave;s les deux enfants virent vaguement appara&amp;amp;icirc;tre, comme une&lt;br /&gt;
forme blanch&amp;amp;acirc;tre et blafarde, sa t&amp;amp;ecirc;te p&amp;amp;acirc;le au bord du trou plein de&lt;br /&gt;
t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien, cria-t-il, montez donc, les momignards! vous allez voir comme&lt;br /&gt;
on est bien!&amp;amp;mdash;Monte, toi! dit-il &amp;amp;agrave; l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, je te tends la main.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les petits se pouss&amp;amp;egrave;rent de l'&amp;amp;eacute;paule, le gamin leur faisait peur et les&lt;br /&gt;
rassurait &amp;amp;agrave; la fois, et puis il pleuvait bien fort. L'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; se risqua. Le&lt;br /&gt;
plus jeune, en voyant monter son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re et lui rest&amp;amp;eacute; tout seul entre les&lt;br /&gt;
pattes de cette grosse b&amp;amp;ecirc;te, avait bien envie de pleurer, mais il&lt;br /&gt;
n'osait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; gravissait, tout en chancelant, les barreaux de l'&amp;amp;eacute;chelle;&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, chemin faisant, l'encourageait par des exclamations de ma&amp;amp;icirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
d'armes &amp;amp;agrave; ses &amp;amp;eacute;coliers ou de muletier &amp;amp;agrave; ses mules:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Aye pas peur!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est &amp;amp;ccedil;a!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Va toujours!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mets ton pied l&amp;amp;agrave;!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ta main ici.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Hardi!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et quand il fut &amp;amp;agrave; sa port&amp;amp;eacute;e, il l'empoigna brusquement et vigoureusement&lt;br /&gt;
par le bras et le tira &amp;amp;agrave; lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Gob&amp;amp;eacute;! dit-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le m&amp;amp;ocirc;me avait franchi la crevasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Maintenant, fit Gavroche, attends-moi. Monsieur, prenez la peine de&lt;br /&gt;
vous asseoir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et, sortant de la crevasse comme il y &amp;amp;eacute;tait entr&amp;amp;eacute;, il se laissa glisser&lt;br /&gt;
avec l'agilit&amp;amp;eacute; d'un ouistiti le long de la jambe de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant, il tomba&lt;br /&gt;
debout sur ses pieds dans l'herbe, saisit le petit de cinq ans &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
bras-le-corps et le planta au beau milieu de l'&amp;amp;eacute;chelle, puis il se mit &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
monter derri&amp;amp;egrave;re lui en criant &amp;amp;agrave; l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je vas le pousser, tu vas le tirer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
En un instant le petit fut mont&amp;amp;eacute;, pouss&amp;amp;eacute;, tra&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, tir&amp;amp;eacute;, bourr&amp;amp;eacute;, fourr&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
dans le trou sans avoir eu le temps de se reconna&amp;amp;icirc;tre, et Gavroche,&lt;br /&gt;
entrant apr&amp;amp;egrave;s lui, repoussant d'un coup de talon l'&amp;amp;eacute;chelle qui tomba sur&lt;br /&gt;
le gazon, se mit &amp;amp;agrave; battre des mains et cria:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Nous y v'l&amp;amp;agrave;! Vive le g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral Lafayette!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette explosion pass&amp;amp;eacute;e, il ajouta:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Les mioches, vous &amp;amp;ecirc;tes chez moi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche &amp;amp;eacute;tait en effet chez lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Ocirc; utilit&amp;amp;eacute; inattendue de l'inutile! charit&amp;amp;eacute; des grandes choses! bont&amp;amp;eacute; des&lt;br /&gt;
g&amp;amp;eacute;ants! Ce monument d&amp;amp;eacute;mesur&amp;amp;eacute; qui avait contenu une pens&amp;amp;eacute;e de l'Empereur&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait devenu la bo&amp;amp;icirc;te d'un gamin. Le m&amp;amp;ocirc;me avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; accept&amp;amp;eacute; et abrit&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
par le colosse. Les bourgeois endimanch&amp;amp;eacute;s qui passaient devant&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant de la Bastille disaient volontiers en le toisant d'un air de&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;eacute;pris avec leurs yeux &amp;amp;agrave; fleur de t&amp;amp;ecirc;te:&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; quoi cela sert-il?&amp;amp;mdash;Cela&lt;br /&gt;
servait &amp;amp;agrave; sauver du froid, du givre, de la gr&amp;amp;ecirc;le, de la pluie, &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
garantir du vent d'hiver, &amp;amp;agrave; pr&amp;amp;eacute;server du sommeil dans la boue qui donne&lt;br /&gt;
la fi&amp;amp;egrave;vre et du sommeil dans la neige qui donne la mort, un petit &amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
sans p&amp;amp;egrave;re ni m&amp;amp;egrave;re, sans pain, sans v&amp;amp;ecirc;tements, sans asile. Cela servait &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
recueillir l'innocent que la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; repoussait. Cela servait &amp;amp;agrave; diminuer&lt;br /&gt;
la faute publique. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une tani&amp;amp;egrave;re ouverte &amp;amp;agrave; celui auquel toutes les&lt;br /&gt;
portes &amp;amp;eacute;taient ferm&amp;amp;eacute;es. Il semblait que le vieux mastodonte mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable,&lt;br /&gt;
envahi par la vermine et par l'oubli, couvert de verrues, de moisissures&lt;br /&gt;
et d'ulc&amp;amp;egrave;res, chancelant, vermoulu, abandonn&amp;amp;eacute;, condamn&amp;amp;eacute;, esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de&lt;br /&gt;
mendiant colossal demandant en vain l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;ne d'un regard bienveillant au&lt;br /&gt;
milieu du carrefour, avait eu piti&amp;amp;eacute;, lui, de cet autre mendiant, du&lt;br /&gt;
pauvre pygm&amp;amp;eacute;e qui s'en allait sans souliers aux pieds, sans plafond sur&lt;br /&gt;
la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, soufflant dans ses doigts, v&amp;amp;ecirc;tu de chiffons, nourri de ce qu'on&lt;br /&gt;
jette. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;agrave; quoi servait l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant de la Bastille. Cette id&amp;amp;eacute;e de&lt;br /&gt;
Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on, d&amp;amp;eacute;daign&amp;amp;eacute;e par les hommes, avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; reprise par Dieu. Ce qui&lt;br /&gt;
n'e&amp;amp;ucirc;t &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; qu'illustre &amp;amp;eacute;tait devenu auguste. Il e&amp;amp;ucirc;t fallu &amp;amp;agrave; l'Empereur,&lt;br /&gt;
pour r&amp;amp;eacute;aliser ce qu'il m&amp;amp;eacute;ditait, le porphyre, l'airain, le fer, l'or, le&lt;br /&gt;
marbre; &amp;amp;agrave; Dieu le vieil assemblage de planches, de solives et de pl&amp;amp;acirc;tras&lt;br /&gt;
suffisait. L'Empereur avait eu un r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve de g&amp;amp;eacute;nie; dans cet &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant&lt;br /&gt;
titanique, arm&amp;amp;eacute;, prodigieux, dressant sa trompe, portant sa tour, et&lt;br /&gt;
faisant jaillir de toutes parts autour de lui des eaux joyeuses et&lt;br /&gt;
vivifiantes, il voulait incarner le peuple; Dieu en avait fait une chose&lt;br /&gt;
plus grande, il y logeait un enfant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le trou par o&amp;amp;ugrave; Gavroche &amp;amp;eacute;tait entr&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;eacute;tait une br&amp;amp;egrave;che &amp;amp;agrave; peine visible du&lt;br /&gt;
dehors, cach&amp;amp;eacute;e qu'elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait, nous l'avons dit, sous le ventre de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant, et si &amp;amp;eacute;troite qu'il n'y avait gu&amp;amp;egrave;re que des chats et des&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes qui pussent y passer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ons, dit Gavroche, par dire au portier que nous n'y sommes pas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et plongeant dans l'obscurit&amp;amp;eacute; avec certitude comme quelqu'un qui conna&amp;amp;icirc;t&lt;br /&gt;
son appartement, il prit une planche et en boucha le trou.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche replongea dans l'obscurit&amp;amp;eacute;. Les enfants entendirent le&lt;br /&gt;
reniflement de l'allumette enfonc&amp;amp;eacute;e dans la bouteille phosphorique.&lt;br /&gt;
L'allumette chimique n'existait pas encore; le briquet Fumade&lt;br /&gt;
repr&amp;amp;eacute;sentait &amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque le progr&amp;amp;egrave;s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une clart&amp;amp;eacute; subite leur fit cligner les yeux; Gavroche venait d'allumer&lt;br /&gt;
un de ces bouts de ficelle tremp&amp;amp;eacute;s dans la r&amp;amp;eacute;sine qu'on appelle rats de&lt;br /&gt;
cave. Le rat de cave, qui fumait plus qu'il n'&amp;amp;eacute;clairait, rendait&lt;br /&gt;
confus&amp;amp;eacute;ment visible le dedans de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux h&amp;amp;ocirc;tes de Gavroche regard&amp;amp;egrave;rent autour d'eux et &amp;amp;eacute;prouv&amp;amp;egrave;rent&lt;br /&gt;
quelque chose de pareil &amp;amp;agrave; ce qu'&amp;amp;eacute;prouverait quelqu'un qui serait enferm&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
dans la grosse tonne de Heidelberg, ou mieux encore &amp;amp;agrave; ce que dut&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;prouver Jonas dans le ventre biblique de la baleine. Tout un squelette&lt;br /&gt;
gigantesque leur apparaissait et les enveloppait. En haut, une longue&lt;br /&gt;
poutre brune d'o&amp;amp;ugrave; partaient de distance en distance de massives&lt;br /&gt;
membrures cintr&amp;amp;eacute;es figurait la colonne vert&amp;amp;eacute;brale avec les c&amp;amp;ocirc;tes, des&lt;br /&gt;
stalactites de pl&amp;amp;acirc;tre y pendaient comme des visc&amp;amp;egrave;res, et d'un c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'autre de vastes toiles d'araign&amp;amp;eacute;e faisaient des diaphragmes poudreux.&lt;br /&gt;
On voyait &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; dans les coins de grosses taches noir&amp;amp;acirc;tres qui&lt;br /&gt;
avaient l'air de vivre et qui se d&amp;amp;eacute;pla&amp;amp;ccedil;aient rapidement avec un&lt;br /&gt;
mouvement brusque et effar&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les d&amp;amp;eacute;bris tomb&amp;amp;eacute;s du dos de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant sur son ventre en avaient combl&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
la concavit&amp;amp;eacute;, de sorte qu'on pouvait y marcher comme sur un plancher.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le plus petit se rencogna contre son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re et dit &amp;amp;agrave; demi-voix:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est noir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ce mot fit exclamer Gavroche. L'air p&amp;amp;eacute;trifi&amp;amp;eacute; des deux m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes rendait une&lt;br /&gt;
secousse n&amp;amp;eacute;cessaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que vous me fichez? s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria-t-il. Blaguons-nous?&lt;br /&gt;
faisons-nous les d&amp;amp;eacute;go&amp;amp;ucirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s? vous faut-il pas les Tuileries? Seriez-vous&lt;br /&gt;
des brutes? Dites-le. Je vous pr&amp;amp;eacute;viens que je ne suis pas du r&amp;amp;eacute;giment&lt;br /&gt;
des godiches. Ah &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave;, est-ce que vous &amp;amp;ecirc;tes les moutards du moutardier du&lt;br /&gt;
pape?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un peu de rudoiement est bon dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;pouvante. Cela rassure. Les deux&lt;br /&gt;
enfants se rapproch&amp;amp;egrave;rent de Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, paternellement attendri de cette confiance, passa &amp;amp;laquo;du grave au&lt;br /&gt;
doux&amp;amp;raquo; et s'adressant au plus petit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;B&amp;amp;ecirc;ta, lui dit-il en accentuant l'injure d'une nuance caressante, c'est&lt;br /&gt;
dehors que c'est noir. Dehors il pleut, ici il ne pleut pas; dehors il&lt;br /&gt;
fait froid, ici il n'y a pas une miette de vent; dehors il y a des tas&lt;br /&gt;
de monde, ici il n'y a personne; dehors il n'y a pas m&amp;amp;ecirc;me la lune, ici&lt;br /&gt;
il y a ma chandelle, nom d'unch!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux enfants commen&amp;amp;ccedil;aient &amp;amp;agrave; regarder l'appartement avec moins&lt;br /&gt;
d'effroi; mais Gavroche ne leur laissa pas plus longtemps le loisir de&lt;br /&gt;
la contemplation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vite, dit-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il les poussa vers ce que nous sommes tr&amp;amp;egrave;s heureux de pouvoir appeler&lt;br /&gt;
le fond de la chambre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L&amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;tait son lit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le lit de Gavroche &amp;amp;eacute;tait complet. C'est-&amp;amp;agrave;-dire qu'il y avait un matelas,&lt;br /&gt;
une couverture et une alc&amp;amp;ocirc;ve avec rideaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le matelas &amp;amp;eacute;tait une natte de paille, la couverture un assez vaste pagne&lt;br /&gt;
de grosse laine grise fort chaud et presque neuf. Voici ce que c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
que l'alc&amp;amp;ocirc;ve:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Trois &amp;amp;eacute;chalas assez longs enfonc&amp;amp;eacute;s et consolid&amp;amp;eacute;s dans les gravois du&lt;br /&gt;
sol, c'est-&amp;amp;agrave;-dire du ventre de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant, deux en avant, un en arri&amp;amp;egrave;re,&lt;br /&gt;
et r&amp;amp;eacute;unis par une corde &amp;amp;agrave; leur sommet, de mani&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave; former un faisceau&lt;br /&gt;
pyramidal. Ce faisceau supportait un treillage de fil de laiton qui&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait simplement pos&amp;amp;eacute; dessus, mais artistement appliqu&amp;amp;eacute; et maintenu par&lt;br /&gt;
des attaches de fil de fer, de sorte qu'il enveloppait enti&amp;amp;egrave;rement les&lt;br /&gt;
trois &amp;amp;eacute;chalas. Un cordon de grosses pierres fixait tout autour ce&lt;br /&gt;
treillage sur le sol, de mani&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave; ne rien laisser passer. Ce treillage&lt;br /&gt;
n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait autre chose qu'un morceau de ces grillages de cuivre dont on&lt;br /&gt;
rev&amp;amp;ecirc;t les voli&amp;amp;egrave;res dans les m&amp;amp;eacute;nageries. Le lit de Gavroche &amp;amp;eacute;tait sous ce&lt;br /&gt;
grillage comme dans une cage. L'ensemble ressemblait &amp;amp;agrave; une tente&lt;br /&gt;
d'Esquimau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
C'est ce grillage qui tenait lieu de rideaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche d&amp;amp;eacute;rangea un peu les pierres qui assujettissaient le grillage&lt;br /&gt;
par devant; les deux pans du treillage qui retombaient l'un sur l'autre&lt;br /&gt;
s'&amp;amp;eacute;cart&amp;amp;egrave;rent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;M&amp;amp;ocirc;mes, &amp;amp;agrave; quatre pattes! dit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il fit entrer avec pr&amp;amp;eacute;caution ses h&amp;amp;ocirc;tes dans la cage, puis il y entra&lt;br /&gt;
apr&amp;amp;egrave;s eux, en rampant, rapprocha les pierres et referma herm&amp;amp;eacute;tiquement&lt;br /&gt;
l'ouverture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ils s'&amp;amp;eacute;taient &amp;amp;eacute;tendus tous trois sur la natte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Si petits qu'ils fussent, aucun d'eux n'e&amp;amp;ucirc;t pu se tenir debout dans&lt;br /&gt;
l'alc&amp;amp;ocirc;ve. Gavroche avait toujours le rat de cave &amp;amp;agrave; sa main.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Maintenant, dit-il, pioncez! Je vas supprimer le cand&amp;amp;eacute;labre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur, demanda l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; des deux fr&amp;amp;egrave;res &amp;amp;agrave; Gavroche en montrant le&lt;br /&gt;
grillage, qu'est-ce que c'est donc que &amp;amp;ccedil;a?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Ccedil;a, dit Gavroche gravement, c'est pour les rats.&amp;amp;mdash;Pioncez!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cependant il se crut oblig&amp;amp;eacute; d'ajouter quelques paroles pour&lt;br /&gt;
l'instruction de ces &amp;amp;ecirc;tres en bas &amp;amp;acirc;ge, et il continua:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est des choses du Jardin des plantes. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a sert aux animaux f&amp;amp;eacute;roces.&lt;br /&gt;
''Gniena'' (il y en a) plein un magasin. ''Gnia'' (il n'y a) qu'&amp;amp;agrave; monter&lt;br /&gt;
par-dessus un mur, qu'&amp;amp;agrave; grimper par une fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tre et qu'&amp;amp;agrave; passer sous une&lt;br /&gt;
porte. On en a tant qu'on veut.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Tout en parlant, il enveloppait d'un pan de la couverture le tout petit&lt;br /&gt;
qui murmura:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oh! c'est bon! c'est chaud!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche fixa un &amp;amp;oelig;il satisfait sur la couverture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est encore du Jardin des plantes, dit-il. J'ai pris &amp;amp;ccedil;a aux singes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et montrant &amp;amp;agrave; l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; la natte sur laquelle il &amp;amp;eacute;tait couch&amp;amp;eacute;, natte fort&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;paisse et admirablement travaill&amp;amp;eacute;e, il ajouta:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Ccedil;a, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave; la girafe.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s une pause, il poursuivit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Les b&amp;amp;ecirc;tes avaient tout &amp;amp;ccedil;a. Je le leur ai pris. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a ne les a pas&lt;br /&gt;
f&amp;amp;acirc;ch&amp;amp;eacute;es. Je leur ai dit: C'est pour l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il fit encore un silence et reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On passe par-dessus les murs et on se fiche du gouvernement. V'l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux enfants consid&amp;amp;eacute;raient avec un respect craintif et stup&amp;amp;eacute;fait cet&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;ecirc;tre intr&amp;amp;eacute;pide et inventif, vagabond comme eux, isol&amp;amp;eacute; comme eux, ch&amp;amp;eacute;tif&lt;br /&gt;
comme eux, qui avait quelque chose d'admirable et de tout-puissant, qui&lt;br /&gt;
leur semblait surnaturel, et dont la physionomie se composait de toutes&lt;br /&gt;
les grimaces d'un vieux saltimbanque m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;es au plus na&amp;amp;iuml;f et au plus&lt;br /&gt;
charmant sourire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur, fit timidement l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, vous n'avez donc pas peur des&lt;br /&gt;
sergents de ville?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche se borna &amp;amp;agrave; r&amp;amp;eacute;pondre:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;M&amp;amp;ocirc;me! on ne dit pas les sergents de ville, on dit les cognes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le tout petit avait les yeux ouverts, mais il ne disait rien. Comme il&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait au bord de la natte, l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;eacute;tant au milieu, Gavroche lui borda la&lt;br /&gt;
couverture comme e&amp;amp;ucirc;t fait une m&amp;amp;egrave;re et exhaussa la natte sous sa t&amp;amp;ecirc;te&lt;br /&gt;
avec de vieux chiffons de mani&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave; faire au m&amp;amp;ocirc;me un oreiller. Puis il&lt;br /&gt;
se tourna vers l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Hein? on est joliment bien, ici!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah oui! r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; en regardant Gavroche avec une expression&lt;br /&gt;
d'ange sauv&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux pauvres petits enfants tout mouill&amp;amp;eacute;s commen&amp;amp;ccedil;aient &amp;amp;agrave; se&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;chauffer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave;, continua Gavroche, pourquoi donc est-ce que vous pleuriez?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et montrant le petit &amp;amp;agrave; son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Un mioche comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a, je ne dis pas; mais un grand comme toi, pleurer,&lt;br /&gt;
c'est cr&amp;amp;eacute;tin; on a l'air d'un veau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dame, fit l'enfant, nous n'avions plus du tout de logement o&amp;amp;ugrave; aller.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Moutard! reprit Gavroche, on ne dit pas un logement, on dit une&lt;br /&gt;
piolle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et puis nous avions peur d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre tout seuls comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a la nuit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On ne dit pas la nuit, on dit la sorgue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Merci, monsieur, dit l'enfant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Eacute;coute, repartit Gavroche, il ne faut plus geindre jamais pour rien.&lt;br /&gt;
J'aurai soin de vous. Tu verras comme on s'amuse. L'&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;, nous irons &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
Glaci&amp;amp;egrave;re avec Navet, un camarade &amp;amp;agrave; moi, nous nous baignerons &amp;amp;agrave; la Gare,&lt;br /&gt;
nous courrons tout nus sur les trains devant le pont d'Austerlitz, &amp;amp;ccedil;a&lt;br /&gt;
fait rager les blanchisseuses. Elles crient, elles bisquent, si tu&lt;br /&gt;
savais comme elles sont farces! Nous irons voir l'homme squelette. Il&lt;br /&gt;
est en vie. Aux Champs-&amp;amp;Eacute;lys&amp;amp;eacute;es. Il est maigre comme tout, ce&lt;br /&gt;
paroissien-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Et puis je vous conduirai au spectacle. Je vous m&amp;amp;egrave;nerai &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Fr&amp;amp;eacute;d&amp;amp;eacute;rick-Lema&amp;amp;icirc;tre. J'ai des billets, je connais des acteurs, j'ai m&amp;amp;ecirc;me&lt;br /&gt;
jou&amp;amp;eacute; une fois dans une pi&amp;amp;egrave;ce. Nous &amp;amp;eacute;tions des m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a, on courait&lt;br /&gt;
sous une toile, &amp;amp;ccedil;a faisait la mer. Je vous ferai engager &amp;amp;agrave; mon th&amp;amp;eacute;&amp;amp;acirc;tre.&lt;br /&gt;
Nous irons voir les sauvages. Ce n'est pas vrai, ces sauvages-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Ils&lt;br /&gt;
ont des maillots roses qui font des plis, et on leur voit aux coudes des&lt;br /&gt;
reprises en fil blanc. Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;ccedil;a, nous irons &amp;amp;agrave; l'Op&amp;amp;eacute;ra. Nous entrerons&lt;br /&gt;
avec les claqueurs. La claque &amp;amp;agrave; l'Op&amp;amp;eacute;ra est tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bien compos&amp;amp;eacute;e. Je&lt;br /&gt;
n'irais pas avec la claque sur les boulevards. &amp;amp;Agrave; l'Op&amp;amp;eacute;ra, figure-toi, il&lt;br /&gt;
y en a qui payent vingt sous, mais c'est des b&amp;amp;ecirc;tas. On les appelle des&lt;br /&gt;
lavettes.&amp;amp;mdash;Et puis nous irons voir guillotiner. Je vous ferai voir le&lt;br /&gt;
bourreau. Il demeure rue des Marais. Monsieur Sanson. Il y a une bo&amp;amp;icirc;te&lt;br /&gt;
aux lettres &amp;amp;agrave; la porte. Ah! on s'amuse fameusement!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
En ce moment, une goutte de cire tomba sur le doigt de Gavroche et le&lt;br /&gt;
rappela aux r&amp;amp;eacute;alit&amp;amp;eacute;s de la vie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bigre! dit-il, v'l&amp;amp;agrave; la m&amp;amp;egrave;che qui s'use. Attention! je ne peux pas&lt;br /&gt;
mettre plus d'un sou par mois &amp;amp;agrave; mon &amp;amp;eacute;clairage. Quand on se couche, il&lt;br /&gt;
faut dormir. Nous n'avons pas le temps de lire des romans de monsieur&lt;br /&gt;
Paul de Kock. Avec &amp;amp;ccedil;a que la lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re pourrait passer par les fentes de&lt;br /&gt;
la porte coch&amp;amp;egrave;re, et les cognes n'auraient qu'&amp;amp;agrave; voir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et puis, observa timidement l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; qui seul osait causer avec Gavroche&lt;br /&gt;
et lui donner la r&amp;amp;eacute;plique, un fumeron pourrait tomber dans la paille, il&lt;br /&gt;
faut prendre garde de br&amp;amp;ucirc;ler la maison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On ne dit pas br&amp;amp;ucirc;ler la maison, fit Gavroche, on dit riffauder le&lt;br /&gt;
bocard.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'orage redoublait. On entendait, &amp;amp;agrave; travers des roulements de tonnerre,&lt;br /&gt;
l'averse battre le dos du colosse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Enfonc&amp;amp;eacute;, la pluie! dit Gavroche. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a m'amuse d'entendre couler la&lt;br /&gt;
carafe le long des jambes de la maison. L'hiver est une b&amp;amp;ecirc;te; il perd sa&lt;br /&gt;
marchandise, il perd sa peine, il ne peut pas nous mouiller, et &amp;amp;ccedil;a le&lt;br /&gt;
fait bougonner, ce vieux porteur d'eau-l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette allusion au tonnerre, dont Gavroche, en sa qualit&amp;amp;eacute; de philosophe&lt;br /&gt;
du dix-neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me si&amp;amp;egrave;cle, acceptait toutes les cons&amp;amp;eacute;quences, fut suivie&lt;br /&gt;
d'un large &amp;amp;eacute;clair, si &amp;amp;eacute;blouissant que quelque chose en entra par la&lt;br /&gt;
crevasse dans le ventre de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant. Presque en m&amp;amp;ecirc;me temps la foudre&lt;br /&gt;
gronda, et tr&amp;amp;egrave;s furieusement. Les deux petits pouss&amp;amp;egrave;rent un cri, et se&lt;br /&gt;
soulev&amp;amp;egrave;rent si vivement que le treillage en fut presque &amp;amp;eacute;cart&amp;amp;eacute;; mais&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche tourna vers eux sa face hardie et profita du coup de tonnerre&lt;br /&gt;
pour &amp;amp;eacute;clater de rire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Du calme, enfants. Ne bousculons pas l'&amp;amp;eacute;difice. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; du beau&lt;br /&gt;
tonnerre, &amp;amp;agrave; la bonne heure! Ce n'est pas l&amp;amp;agrave; de la gnognotte d'&amp;amp;eacute;clair.&lt;br /&gt;
Bravo le bon Dieu! nom d'unch! c'est presque aussi bien qu'&amp;amp;agrave; l'Ambigu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cela dit, il refit l'ordre dans le treillage, poussa doucement les deux&lt;br /&gt;
enfants sur le chevet du lit, pressa leurs genoux pour les bien &amp;amp;eacute;tendre&lt;br /&gt;
tout de leur long et s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Puisque le bon Dieu allume sa chandelle, je peux souffler la mienne.&lt;br /&gt;
Les enfants, il faut dormir, mes jeunes humains. C'est tr&amp;amp;egrave;s mauvais de&lt;br /&gt;
ne pas dormir. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a vous ferait schlinguer du couloir, ou, comme on dit&lt;br /&gt;
dans le grand monde, puer de la gueule. Entortillez-vous bien de la&lt;br /&gt;
pelure! je vas &amp;amp;eacute;teindre. Y &amp;amp;ecirc;tes-vous?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, murmura l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, je suis bien. J'ai comme de la plume sous la&lt;br /&gt;
t&amp;amp;ecirc;te.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;On ne dit pas la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, cria Gavroche, on dit la tronche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les deux enfants se serr&amp;amp;egrave;rent l'un contre l'autre. Gavroche acheva de&lt;br /&gt;
les arranger sur la natte et leur monta la couverture jusqu'aux&lt;br /&gt;
oreilles, puis r&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;ta pour la troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me fois l'injonction en langue&lt;br /&gt;
hi&amp;amp;eacute;ratique:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pioncez!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il souffla le lumignon.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; peine la lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;tait-elle &amp;amp;eacute;teinte qu'un tremblement singulier&lt;br /&gt;
commen&amp;amp;ccedil;a &amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;branler le treillage sous lequel les trois enfants &amp;amp;eacute;taient&lt;br /&gt;
couch&amp;amp;eacute;s. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une multitude de frottements sourds qui rendaient un&lt;br /&gt;
son m&amp;amp;eacute;tallique, comme si des griffes et des dents grin&amp;amp;ccedil;aient sur le fil&lt;br /&gt;
de cuivre. Cela &amp;amp;eacute;tait accompagn&amp;amp;eacute; de toutes sortes de petits cris aigus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le petit gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on de cinq ans, entendant ce vacarme au-dessus de sa t&amp;amp;ecirc;te&lt;br /&gt;
et glac&amp;amp;eacute; d'&amp;amp;eacute;pouvante, poussa du coude son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;, mais le fr&amp;amp;egrave;re a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;pion&amp;amp;ccedil;ait&amp;amp;raquo; d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave;, comme Gavroche le lui avait ordonn&amp;amp;eacute;. Alors le petit,&lt;br /&gt;
n'en pouvant plus de peur, osa interpeller Gavroche, mais tout bas, en&lt;br /&gt;
retenant son haleine:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Hein? fit Gavroche qui venait de fermer les paupi&amp;amp;egrave;res.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que c'est donc que &amp;amp;ccedil;a?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est les rats, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et il remit sa t&amp;amp;ecirc;te sur la natte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les rats en effet, qui pullulaient par milliers dans la carcasse de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant et qui &amp;amp;eacute;taient ces taches noires vivantes dont nous avons&lt;br /&gt;
parl&amp;amp;eacute;, avaient &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; tenus en respect par la flamme de la bougie tant&lt;br /&gt;
qu'elle avait brill&amp;amp;eacute;, mais d&amp;amp;egrave;s que cette caverne, qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait comme leur&lt;br /&gt;
cit&amp;amp;eacute;, avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; rendue &amp;amp;agrave; la nuit, sentant l&amp;amp;agrave; ce que le bon conteur&lt;br /&gt;
Perrault appelle &amp;amp;laquo;de la chair fra&amp;amp;icirc;che&amp;amp;raquo;, ils s'&amp;amp;eacute;taient ru&amp;amp;eacute;s en foule sur&lt;br /&gt;
la tente de Gavroche, avaient grimp&amp;amp;eacute; jusqu'au sommet, et en mordaient&lt;br /&gt;
les mailles comme s'ils cherchaient &amp;amp;agrave; percer cette zinzeli&amp;amp;egrave;re d'un&lt;br /&gt;
nouveau genre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cependant le petit ne s'endormait pas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur! reprit-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Hein? fit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que c'est donc que les rats?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est des souris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette explication rassura un peu l'enfant. Il avait vu dans sa vie des&lt;br /&gt;
souris blanches et il n'en avait pas eu peur. Pourtant il &amp;amp;eacute;leva encore&lt;br /&gt;
la voix:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Hein? refit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pourquoi n'avez-vous pas un chat?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'en ai eu un, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit Gavroche, j'en ai apport&amp;amp;eacute; un, mais ils me&lt;br /&gt;
l'ont mang&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cette seconde explication d&amp;amp;eacute;fit l'&amp;amp;oelig;uvre de la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re, et le petit&lt;br /&gt;
recommen&amp;amp;ccedil;a &amp;amp;agrave; trembler. Le dialogue entre lui et Gavroche reprit pour la&lt;br /&gt;
quatri&amp;amp;egrave;me fois.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Hein?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qui &amp;amp;ccedil;a qui a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; mang&amp;amp;eacute;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Le chat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qui &amp;amp;ccedil;a qui a mang&amp;amp;eacute; le chat?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Les rats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Les souris?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, les rats.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'enfant, constern&amp;amp;eacute; de ces souris qui mangent les chats, poursuivit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur, est-ce qu'elles nous mangeraient, ces souris-l&amp;amp;agrave;?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pardi! fit Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
La terreur de l'enfant &amp;amp;eacute;tait au comble. Mais Gavroche ajouta:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;N'e&amp;amp;iuml;lle pas peur! ils ne peuvent pas entrer. Et puis je suis l&amp;amp;agrave;!&lt;br /&gt;
Tiens, prends ma main. Tais-toi, et pionce!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche en m&amp;amp;ecirc;me temps prit la main du petit par-dessus son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
L'enfant serra cette main contre lui et se sentit rassur&amp;amp;eacute;. Le courage et&lt;br /&gt;
la force ont de ces communications myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieuses. Le silence s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
refait autour d'eux, le bruit des voix avait effray&amp;amp;eacute; et &amp;amp;eacute;loign&amp;amp;eacute; les&lt;br /&gt;
rats; au bout de quelques minutes ils eurent beau revenir et faire rage,&lt;br /&gt;
les trois m&amp;amp;ocirc;mes, plong&amp;amp;eacute;s dans le sommeil, n'entendaient plus rien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les heures de la nuit s'&amp;amp;eacute;coul&amp;amp;egrave;rent. L'ombre couvrait l'immense place de&lt;br /&gt;
la Bastille, un vent d'hiver qui se m&amp;amp;ecirc;lait &amp;amp;agrave; la pluie soufflait par&lt;br /&gt;
bouff&amp;amp;eacute;es, les patrouilles furetaient les portes, les all&amp;amp;eacute;es, les enclos,&lt;br /&gt;
les coins obscurs, et, cherchant les vagabonds nocturnes, passaient&lt;br /&gt;
silencieusement devant l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant; le monstre, debout, immobile, les&lt;br /&gt;
yeux ouverts dans les t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres, avait l'air de r&amp;amp;ecirc;ver comme satisfait de&lt;br /&gt;
sa bonne action, et abritait du ciel et des hommes les trois pauvres&lt;br /&gt;
enfants endormis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Pour comprendre ce qui va suivre, il faut se souvenir qu'&amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque&lt;br /&gt;
le corps de garde de la Bastille &amp;amp;eacute;tait situ&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; l'autre extr&amp;amp;eacute;mit&amp;amp;eacute; de la&lt;br /&gt;
place, et que ce qui se passait pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant ne pouvait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre ni&lt;br /&gt;
aper&amp;amp;ccedil;u, ni entendu par la sentinelle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Vers la fin de cette heure qui pr&amp;amp;eacute;c&amp;amp;egrave;de imm&amp;amp;eacute;diatement le point du jour,&lt;br /&gt;
un homme d&amp;amp;eacute;boucha de la rue Saint-Antoine en courant, traversa la place,&lt;br /&gt;
tourna le grand enclos de la colonne de Juillet, et se glissa entre les&lt;br /&gt;
palissades jusque sous le ventre de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant. Si une lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
quelconque e&amp;amp;ucirc;t &amp;amp;eacute;clair&amp;amp;eacute; cet homme, &amp;amp;agrave; la mani&amp;amp;egrave;re profonde dont il &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
mouill&amp;amp;eacute;, on e&amp;amp;ucirc;t devin&amp;amp;eacute; qu'il avait pass&amp;amp;eacute; la nuit sous la pluie. Arriv&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
sous l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant, il fit entendre un cri bizarre qui n'appartient &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
aucune langue humaine et qu'une perruche seule pourrait reproduire. Il&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;ta deux fois ce cri dont l'orthographe que voici donne &amp;amp;agrave; peine&lt;br /&gt;
quelque id&amp;amp;eacute;e:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Kirikikiou!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Au second cri, une voix claire, gaie et jeune, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit du ventre de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Presque imm&amp;amp;eacute;diatement, la planche qui fermait le trou se d&amp;amp;eacute;rangea et&lt;br /&gt;
donna passage &amp;amp;agrave; un enfant qui descendit le long du pied de l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant et&lt;br /&gt;
vint lestement tomber pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de l'homme. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait Gavroche. L'homme &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; ce cri, ''kirikikiou'', c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait l&amp;amp;agrave; sans doute ce que l'enfant&lt;br /&gt;
voulait dire par: ''Tu demanderas monsieur Gavroche''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
En l'entendant, il s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait r&amp;amp;eacute;veill&amp;amp;eacute; en sursaut, avait ramp&amp;amp;eacute; hors de son&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;alc&amp;amp;ocirc;ve&amp;amp;raquo;, en &amp;amp;eacute;cartant un peu le grillage qu'il avait ensuite referm&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
soigneusement, puis il avait ouvert la trappe et &amp;amp;eacute;tait descendu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'homme et l'enfant se reconnurent silencieusement dans la nuit;&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse se borna &amp;amp;agrave; dire:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Nous avons besoin de toi. Viens nous donner un coup de main.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le gamin ne demanda pas d'autre &amp;amp;eacute;claircissement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Me v'l&amp;amp;agrave;, dit-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et tous deux se dirig&amp;amp;egrave;rent vers la rue Saint-Antoine, d'o&amp;amp;ugrave; sortait&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse, serpentant rapidement &amp;amp;agrave; travers la longue file des&lt;br /&gt;
charrettes de mara&amp;amp;icirc;chers qui descendent &amp;amp;agrave; cette heure-l&amp;amp;agrave; vers la halle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Les mara&amp;amp;icirc;chers accroupis dans leurs voitures parmi les salades et les&lt;br /&gt;
l&amp;amp;eacute;gumes, &amp;amp;agrave; demi assoupis, enfouis jusqu'aux yeux dans leurs rouli&amp;amp;egrave;res &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
cause de la pluie battante, ne regardaient m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pas ces &amp;amp;eacute;tranges&lt;br /&gt;
passants.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Spring in Paris is often traversed by harsh and piercing breezes which do&lt;br /&gt;
not precisely chill but freeze one; these north winds which sadden the&lt;br /&gt;
most beautiful days produce exactly the effect of those puffs of cold air&lt;br /&gt;
which enter a warm room through the cracks of a badly fitting door or&lt;br /&gt;
window. It seems as though the gloomy door of winter had remained ajar,&lt;br /&gt;
and as though the wind were pouring through it. In the spring of 1832, the&lt;br /&gt;
epoch when the first great epidemic of this century broke out in Europe,&lt;br /&gt;
these north gales were more harsh and piercing than ever. It was a door&lt;br /&gt;
even more glacial than that of winter which was ajar. It was the door of&lt;br /&gt;
the sepulchre. In these winds one felt the breath of the cholera.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
From a meteorological point of view, these cold winds possessed this&lt;br /&gt;
peculiarity, that they did not preclude a strong electric tension.&lt;br /&gt;
Frequent storms, accompanied by thunder and lightning, burst forth at this&lt;br /&gt;
epoch.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One evening, when these gales were blowing rudely, to such a degree that&lt;br /&gt;
January seemed to have returned and that the bourgeois had resumed their&lt;br /&gt;
cloaks, Little Gavroche, who was always shivering gayly under his rags,&lt;br /&gt;
was standing as though in ecstasy before a wig-maker's shop in the&lt;br /&gt;
vicinity of the Orme-Saint-Gervais. He was adorned with a woman's woollen&lt;br /&gt;
shawl, picked up no one knows where, and which he had converted into a&lt;br /&gt;
neck comforter. Little Gavroche appeared to be engaged in intent&lt;br /&gt;
admiration of a wax bride, in a low-necked dress, and crowned with&lt;br /&gt;
orange-flowers, who was revolving in the window, and displaying her smile&lt;br /&gt;
to passers-by, between two argand lamps; but in reality, he was taking an&lt;br /&gt;
observation of the shop, in order to discover whether he could not &amp;quot;prig&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
from the shop-front a cake of soap, which he would then proceed to sell&lt;br /&gt;
for a sou to a &amp;quot;hair-dresser&amp;quot; in the suburbs. He had often managed to&lt;br /&gt;
breakfast off of such a roll. He called his species of work, for which he&lt;br /&gt;
possessed special aptitude, &amp;quot;shaving barbers.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
While contemplating the bride, and eyeing the cake of soap, he muttered&lt;br /&gt;
between his teeth: &amp;quot;Tuesday. It was not Tuesday. Was it Tuesday? Perhaps&lt;br /&gt;
it was Tuesday. Yes, it was Tuesday.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
No one has ever discovered to what this monologue referred.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Yes, perchance, this monologue had some connection with the last occasion&lt;br /&gt;
on which he had dined, three days before, for it was now Friday.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The barber in his shop, which was warmed by a good stove, was shaving a&lt;br /&gt;
customer and casting a glance from time to time at the enemy, that&lt;br /&gt;
freezing and impudent street urchin both of whose hands were in his&lt;br /&gt;
pockets, but whose mind was evidently unsheathed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
While Gavroche was scrutinizing the shop-window and the cakes of windsor&lt;br /&gt;
soap, two children of unequal stature, very neatly dressed, and still&lt;br /&gt;
smaller than himself, one apparently about seven years of age, the other&lt;br /&gt;
five, timidly turned the handle and entered the shop, with a request for&lt;br /&gt;
something or other, alms possibly, in a plaintive murmur which resembled a&lt;br /&gt;
groan rather than a prayer. They both spoke at once, and their words were&lt;br /&gt;
unintelligible because sobs broke the voice of the younger, and the teeth&lt;br /&gt;
of the elder were chattering with cold. The barber wheeled round with a&lt;br /&gt;
furious look, and without abandoning his razor, thrust back the elder with&lt;br /&gt;
his left hand and the younger with his knee, and slammed his door, saying:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The idea of coming in and freezing everybody for nothing!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two children resumed their march in tears. In the meantime, a cloud&lt;br /&gt;
had risen; it had begun to rain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Little Gavroche ran after them and accosted them:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What's the matter with you, brats?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We don't know where we are to sleep,&amp;quot; replied the elder.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Is that all?&amp;quot; said Gavroche. &amp;quot;A great matter, truly. The idea of bawling&lt;br /&gt;
about that. They must be greenies!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And adopting, in addition to his superiority, which was rather bantering,&lt;br /&gt;
an accent of tender authority and gentle patronage:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Come along with me, young 'uns!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, sir,&amp;quot; said the elder.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And the two children followed him as they would have followed an&lt;br /&gt;
archbishop. They had stopped crying.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche led them up the Rue Saint-Antoine in the direction of the&lt;br /&gt;
Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As Gavroche walked along, he cast an indignant backward glance at the&lt;br /&gt;
barber's shop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That fellow has no heart, the whiting,&amp;quot; he muttered. &amp;quot;He's an&lt;br /&gt;
Englishman.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A woman who caught sight of these three marching in a file, with Gavroche&lt;br /&gt;
at their head, burst into noisy laughter. This laugh was wanting in&lt;br /&gt;
respect towards the group.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Good day, Mamselle Omnibus,&amp;quot; said Gavroche to her.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
An instant later, the wig-maker occurred to his mind once more, and he&lt;br /&gt;
added:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I am making a mistake in the beast; he's not a whiting, he's a serpent.&lt;br /&gt;
Barber, I'll go and fetch a locksmith, and I'll have a bell hung to your&lt;br /&gt;
tail.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This wig-maker had rendered him aggressive. As he strode over a gutter, he&lt;br /&gt;
apostrophized a bearded portress who was worthy to meet Faust on the&lt;br /&gt;
Brocken, and who had a broom in her hand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Madam,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;so you are going out with your horse?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And thereupon, he spattered the polished boots of a pedestrian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You scamp!&amp;quot; shouted the furious pedestrian.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche elevated his nose above his shawl.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Is Monsieur complaining?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Of you!&amp;quot; ejaculated the man.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The office is closed,&amp;quot; said Gavroche, &amp;quot;I do not receive any more&lt;br /&gt;
complaints.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In the meanwhile, as he went on up the street, he perceived a beggar-girl,&lt;br /&gt;
thirteen or fourteen years old, and clad in so short a gown that her knees&lt;br /&gt;
were visible, lying thoroughly chilled under a porte-cochère. The little&lt;br /&gt;
girl was getting to be too old for such a thing. Growth does play these&lt;br /&gt;
tricks. The petticoat becomes short at the moment when nudity becomes&lt;br /&gt;
indecent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Poor girl!&amp;quot; said Gavroche. &amp;quot;She hasn't even trousers. Hold on, take&lt;br /&gt;
this.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And unwinding all the comfortable woollen which he had around his neck, he&lt;br /&gt;
flung it on the thin and purple shoulders of the beggar-girl, where the&lt;br /&gt;
scarf became a shawl once more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The child stared at him in astonishment, and received the shawl in&lt;br /&gt;
silence. When a certain stage of distress has been reached in his misery,&lt;br /&gt;
the poor man no longer groans over evil, no longer returns thanks for&lt;br /&gt;
good.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
That done: &amp;quot;Brrr!&amp;quot; said Gavroche, who was shivering more than Saint&lt;br /&gt;
Martin, for the latter retained one-half of his cloak.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At this brrr! the downpour of rain, redoubled in its spite, became&lt;br /&gt;
furious. The wicked skies punish good deeds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah, come now!&amp;quot; exclaimed Gavroche, &amp;quot;what's the meaning of this? It's&lt;br /&gt;
re-raining! Good Heavens, if it goes on like this, I shall stop my&lt;br /&gt;
subscription.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he set out on the march once more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It's all right,&amp;quot; he resumed, casting a glance at the beggar-girl, as she&lt;br /&gt;
coiled up under the shawl, &amp;quot;she's got a famous peel.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And looking up at the clouds he exclaimed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Caught!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two children followed close on his heels.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As they were passing one of these heavy grated lattices, which indicate a&lt;br /&gt;
baker's shop, for bread is put behind bars like gold, Gavroche turned&lt;br /&gt;
round:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah, by the way, brats, have we dined?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur,&amp;quot; replied the elder, &amp;quot;we have had nothing to eat since this&lt;br /&gt;
morning.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;So you have neither father nor mother?&amp;quot; resumed Gavroche majestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Excuse us, sir, we have a papa and a mamma, but we don't know where they&lt;br /&gt;
are.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sometimes that's better than knowing where they are,&amp;quot; said Gavroche, who&lt;br /&gt;
was a thinker.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We have been wandering about these two hours,&amp;quot; continued the elder, &amp;quot;we&lt;br /&gt;
have hunted for things at the corners of the streets, but we have found&lt;br /&gt;
nothing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I know,&amp;quot; ejaculated Gavroche, &amp;quot;it's the dogs who eat everything.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He went on, after a pause:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah! we have lost our authors. We don't know what we have done with them.&lt;br /&gt;
This should not be, gamins. It's stupid to let old people stray off like&lt;br /&gt;
that. Come now! we must have a snooze all the same.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
However, he asked them no questions. What was more simple than that they&lt;br /&gt;
should have no dwelling place!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The elder of the two children, who had almost entirely recovered the&lt;br /&gt;
prompt heedlessness of childhood, uttered this exclamation:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It's queer, all the same. Mamma told us that she would take us to get a&lt;br /&gt;
blessed spray on Palm Sunday.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Bosh,&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Mamma,&amp;quot; resumed the elder, &amp;quot;is a lady who lives with Mamselle Miss.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Tanflute!&amp;quot; retorted Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile he had halted, and for the last two minutes he had been feeling&lt;br /&gt;
and fumbling in all sorts of nooks which his rags contained.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At last he tossed his head with an air intended to be merely satisfied,&lt;br /&gt;
but which was triumphant, in reality.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let us be calm, young 'uns. Here's supper for three.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And from one of his pockets he drew forth a sou.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Without allowing the two urchins time for amazement, he pushed both of&lt;br /&gt;
them before him into the baker's shop, and flung his sou on the counter,&lt;br /&gt;
crying:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Boy! five centimes' worth of bread.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The baker, who was the proprietor in person, took up a loaf and a knife.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In three pieces, my boy!&amp;quot; went on Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he added with dignity:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There are three of us.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And seeing that the baker, after scrutinizing the three customers, had&lt;br /&gt;
taken down a black loaf, he thrust his finger far up his nose with an&lt;br /&gt;
inhalation as imperious as though he had had a pinch of the great&lt;br /&gt;
Frederick's snuff on the tip of his thumb, and hurled this indignant&lt;br /&gt;
apostrophe full in the baker's face:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Keksekca?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Those of our readers who might be tempted to espy in this interpellation&lt;br /&gt;
of Gavroche's to the baker a Russian or a Polish word, or one of those&lt;br /&gt;
savage cries which the Yoways and the Botocudos hurl at each other from&lt;br /&gt;
bank to bank of a river, athwart the solitudes, are warned that it is a&lt;br /&gt;
word which they [our readers] utter every day, and which takes the place&lt;br /&gt;
of the phrase: &amp;quot;Qu'est-ce que c'est que cela?&amp;quot; The baker understood&lt;br /&gt;
perfectly, and replied:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well! It's bread, and very good bread of the second quality.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You mean larton brutal [black bread]!&amp;quot; retorted Gavroche, calmly and&lt;br /&gt;
coldly disdainful. &amp;quot;White bread, boy! white bread [larton savonne]! I'm&lt;br /&gt;
standing treat.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The baker could not repress a smile, and as he cut the white bread he&lt;br /&gt;
surveyed them in a compassionate way which shocked Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Come, now, baker's boy!&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;what are you taking our measure like&lt;br /&gt;
that for?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
All three of them placed end to end would have hardly made a measure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When the bread was cut, the baker threw the sou into his drawer, and&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche said to the two children:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Grub away.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The little boys stared at him in surprise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche began to laugh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah! hullo, that's so! they don't understand yet, they're too small.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he repeated:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Eat away.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, he held out a piece of bread to each of them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And thinking that the elder, who seemed to him the more worthy of his&lt;br /&gt;
conversation, deserved some special encouragement and ought to be relieved&lt;br /&gt;
from all hesitation to satisfy his appetite, he added, as be handed him&lt;br /&gt;
the largest share:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ram that into your muzzle.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One piece was smaller than the others; he kept this for himself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The poor children, including Gavroche, were famished. As they tore their&lt;br /&gt;
bread apart in big mouthfuls, they blocked up the shop of the baker, who,&lt;br /&gt;
now that they had paid their money, looked angrily at them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let's go into the street again,&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
They set off once more in the direction of the Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
From time to time, as they passed the lighted shop-windows, the smallest&lt;br /&gt;
halted to look at the time on a leaden watch which was suspended from his&lt;br /&gt;
neck by a cord.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well, he is a very green 'un,&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Then, becoming thoughtful, he muttered between his teeth:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;All the same, if I had charge of the babes I'd lock 'em up better than&lt;br /&gt;
that.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Just as they were finishing their morsel of bread, and had reached the&lt;br /&gt;
angle of that gloomy Rue des Ballets, at the other end of which the low&lt;br /&gt;
and threatening wicket of La Force was visible:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hullo, is that you, Gavroche?&amp;quot; said some one.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hullo, is that you, Montparnasse?&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A man had just accosted the street urchin, and the man was no other than&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse in disguise, with blue spectacles, but recognizable to&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The bow-wows!&amp;quot; went on Gavroche, &amp;quot;you've got a hide the color of a&lt;br /&gt;
linseed plaster, and blue specs like a doctor. You're putting on style,&lt;br /&gt;
'pon my word!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hush!&amp;quot; ejaculated Montparnasse, &amp;quot;not so loud.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he drew Gavroche hastily out of range of the lighted shops.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two little ones followed mechanically, holding each other by the hand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When they were ensconced under the arch of a portecochere, sheltered from&lt;br /&gt;
the rain and from all eyes:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Do you know where I'm going?&amp;quot; demanded Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;To the Abbéy of Ascend-with-Regret,&amp;quot; replied Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Joker!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And Montparnasse went on:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I'm going to find Babet.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah!&amp;quot; exclaimed Gavroche, &amp;quot;so her name is Babet.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse lowered his voice:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Not she, he.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah! Babet.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, Babet.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I thought he was buckled.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;He has undone the buckle,&amp;quot; replied Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he rapidly related to the gamin how, on the morning of that very day,&lt;br /&gt;
Babet, having been transferred to La Conciergerie, had made his escape, by&lt;br /&gt;
turning to the left instead of to the right in &amp;quot;the police office.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche expressed his admiration for this skill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What a dentist!&amp;quot; he cried.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse added a few details as to Babet's flight, and ended with:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh! That's not all.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, as he listened, had seized a cane that Montparnasse held in his&lt;br /&gt;
hand, and mechanically pulled at the upper part, and the blade of a dagger&lt;br /&gt;
made its appearance.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah!&amp;quot; he exclaimed, pushing the dagger back in haste, &amp;quot;you have brought&lt;br /&gt;
along your gendarme disguised as a bourgeois.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse winked.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The deuce!&amp;quot; resumed Gavroche, &amp;quot;so you're going to have a bout with the&lt;br /&gt;
bobbies?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You can't tell,&amp;quot; replied Montparnasse with an indifferent air. &amp;quot;It's&lt;br /&gt;
always a good thing to have a pin about one.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche persisted:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What are you up to to-night?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Again Montparnasse took a grave tone, and said, mouthing every syllable:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Things.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And abruptly changing the conversation:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;By the way!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Something happened t'other day. Fancy. I meet a bourgeois. He makes me a&lt;br /&gt;
present of a sermon and his purse. I put it in my pocket. A minute later,&lt;br /&gt;
I feel in my pocket. There's nothing there.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Except the sermon,&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;But you,&amp;quot; went on Montparnasse, &amp;quot;where are you bound for now?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche pointed to his two proteges, and said:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I'm going to put these infants to bed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Whereabouts is the bed?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;At my house.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where's your house?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;At my house.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;So you have a lodging?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, I have.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And where is your lodging?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the elephant,&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse, though not naturally inclined to astonishment, could not&lt;br /&gt;
restrain an exclamation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the elephant!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well, yes, in the elephant!&amp;quot; retorted Gavroche. &amp;quot;Kekcaa?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This is another word of the language which no one writes, and which every&lt;br /&gt;
one speaks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Kekcaa signifies: Quest que c'est que cela a? [What's the matter with&lt;br /&gt;
that?]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The urchin's profound remark recalled Montparnasse to calmness and good&lt;br /&gt;
sense. He appeared to return to better sentiments with regard to&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche's lodging.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Of course,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;yes, the elephant. Is it comfortable there?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Very,&amp;quot; said Gavroche. &amp;quot;It's really bully there. There ain't any draughts,&lt;br /&gt;
as there are under the bridges.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;How do you get in?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh, I get in.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;So there is a hole?&amp;quot; demanded Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Parbleu! I should say so. But you mustn't tell. It's between the fore&lt;br /&gt;
legs. The bobbies haven't seen it.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And you climb up? Yes, I understand.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A turn of the hand, cric, crac, and it's all over, no one there.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
After a pause, Gavroche added:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I shall have a ladder for these children.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse burst out laughing:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where the devil did you pick up those young 'uns?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche replied with great simplicity:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They are some brats that a wig-maker made me a present of.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Meanwhile, Montparnasse had fallen to thinking:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You recognized me very readily,&amp;quot; he muttered.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He took from his pocket two small objects which were nothing more than two&lt;br /&gt;
quills wrapped in cotton, and thrust one up each of his nostrils. This&lt;br /&gt;
gave him a different nose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That changes you,&amp;quot; remarked Gavroche, &amp;quot;you are less homely so, you ought&lt;br /&gt;
to keep them on all the time.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse was a handsome fellow, but Gavroche was a tease.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Seriously,&amp;quot; demanded Montparnasse, &amp;quot;how do you like me so?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The sound of his voice was different also. In a twinkling, Montparnasse&lt;br /&gt;
had become unrecognizable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh! Do play Porrichinelle for us!&amp;quot; exclaimed Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two children, who had not been listening up to this point, being&lt;br /&gt;
occupied themselves in thrusting their fingers up their noses, drew near&lt;br /&gt;
at this name, and stared at Montparnasse with dawning joy and admiration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Unfortunately, Montparnasse was troubled.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He laid his hand on Gavroche's shoulder, and said to him, emphasizing his&lt;br /&gt;
words: &amp;quot;Listen to what I tell you, boy! if I were on the square with my&lt;br /&gt;
dog, my knife, and my wife, and if you were to squander ten sous on me, I&lt;br /&gt;
wouldn't refuse to work, but this isn't Shrove Tuesday.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This odd phrase produced a singular effect on the gamin. He wheeled round&lt;br /&gt;
hastily, darted his little sparkling eyes about him with profound&lt;br /&gt;
attention, and perceived a police sergeant standing with his back to them&lt;br /&gt;
a few paces off. Gavroche allowed an: &amp;quot;Ah! good!&amp;quot; to escape him, but&lt;br /&gt;
immediately suppressed it, and shaking Montparnasse's hand:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well, good evening,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;I'm going off to my elephant with my&lt;br /&gt;
brats. Supposing that you should need me some night, you can come and hunt&lt;br /&gt;
me up there. I lodge on the entresol. There is no porter. You will inquire&lt;br /&gt;
for Monsieur Gavroche.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Very good,&amp;quot; said Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And they parted, Montparnasse betaking himself in the direction of the&lt;br /&gt;
Greve, and Gavroche towards the Bastille. The little one of five, dragged&lt;br /&gt;
along by his brother who was dragged by Gavroche, turned his head back&lt;br /&gt;
several times to watch &amp;quot;Porrichinelle&amp;quot; as he went.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The ambiguous phrase by means of which Montparnasse had warned Gavroche of&lt;br /&gt;
the presence of the policeman, contained no other talisman than the&lt;br /&gt;
assonance dig repeated five or six times in different forms. This&lt;br /&gt;
syllable, dig, uttered alone or artistically mingled with the words of a&lt;br /&gt;
phrase, means: &amp;quot;Take care, we can no longer talk freely.&amp;quot; There was&lt;br /&gt;
besides, in Montparnasse's sentence, a literary beauty which was lost upon&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, that is mon dogue, ma dague et ma digue, a slang expression of&lt;br /&gt;
the Temple, which signifies my dog, my knife, and my wife, greatly in&lt;br /&gt;
vogue among clowns and the red-tails in the great century when Moliere&lt;br /&gt;
wrote and Callot drew.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Twenty years ago, there was still to be seen in the southwest corner of&lt;br /&gt;
the Place de la Bastille, near the basin of the canal, excavated in the&lt;br /&gt;
ancient ditch of the fortress-prison, a singular monument, which has&lt;br /&gt;
already been effaced from the memories of Parisians, and which deserved to&lt;br /&gt;
leave some trace, for it was the idea of a &amp;quot;member of the Institute, the&lt;br /&gt;
General-in-chief of the army of Egypt.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
We say monument, although it was only a rough model. But this model&lt;br /&gt;
itself, a marvellous sketch, the grandiose skeleton of an idea of&lt;br /&gt;
Napoleon's, which successive gusts of wind have carried away and thrown,&lt;br /&gt;
on each occasion, still further from us, had become historical and had&lt;br /&gt;
acquired a certain definiteness which contrasted with its provisional&lt;br /&gt;
aspect. It was an elephant forty feet high, constructed of timber and&lt;br /&gt;
masonry, bearing on its back a tower which resembled a house, formerly&lt;br /&gt;
painted green by some dauber, and now painted black by heaven, the wind,&lt;br /&gt;
and time. In this deserted and unprotected corner of the place, the broad&lt;br /&gt;
brow of the colossus, his trunk, his tusks, his tower, his enormous&lt;br /&gt;
crupper, his four feet, like columns produced, at night, under the starry&lt;br /&gt;
heavens, a surprising and terrible form. It was a sort of symbol of&lt;br /&gt;
popular force. It was sombre, mysterious, and immense. It was some mighty,&lt;br /&gt;
visible phantom, one knew not what, standing erect beside the invisible&lt;br /&gt;
spectre of the Bastille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Few strangers visited this edifice, no passer-by looked at it. It was&lt;br /&gt;
falling into ruins; every season the plaster which detached itself from&lt;br /&gt;
its sides formed hideous wounds upon it. &amp;quot;The aediles,&amp;quot; as the expression&lt;br /&gt;
ran in elegant dialect, had forgotten it ever since 1814. There it stood&lt;br /&gt;
in its corner, melancholy, sick, crumbling, surrounded by a rotten&lt;br /&gt;
palisade, soiled continually by drunken coachmen; cracks meandered athwart&lt;br /&gt;
its belly, a lath projected from its tail, tall grass flourished between&lt;br /&gt;
its legs; and, as the level of the place had been rising all around it for&lt;br /&gt;
a space of thirty years, by that slow and continuous movement which&lt;br /&gt;
insensibly elevates the soil of large towns, it stood in a hollow, and it&lt;br /&gt;
looked as though the ground were giving way beneath it. It was unclean,&lt;br /&gt;
despised, repulsive, and superb, ugly in the eyes of the bourgeois,&lt;br /&gt;
melancholy in the eyes of the thinker. There was something about it of the&lt;br /&gt;
dirt which is on the point of being swept out, and something of the&lt;br /&gt;
majesty which is on the point of being decapitated. As we have said, at&lt;br /&gt;
night, its aspect changed. Night is the real element of everything that is&lt;br /&gt;
dark. As soon as twilight descended, the old elephant became transfigured;&lt;br /&gt;
he assumed a tranquil and redoubtable appearance in the formidable&lt;br /&gt;
serenity of the shadows. Being of the past, he belonged to night; and&lt;br /&gt;
obscurity was in keeping with his grandeur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This rough, squat, heavy, hard, austere, almost misshapen, but assuredly&lt;br /&gt;
majestic monument, stamped with a sort of magnificent and savage gravity,&lt;br /&gt;
has disappeared, and left to reign in peace, a sort of gigantic stove,&lt;br /&gt;
ornamented with its pipe, which has replaced the sombre fortress with its&lt;br /&gt;
nine towers, very much as the bourgeoisie replaces the feudal classes. It&lt;br /&gt;
is quite natural that a stove should be the symbol of an epoch in which a&lt;br /&gt;
pot contains power. This epoch will pass away, people have already begun&lt;br /&gt;
to understand that, if there can be force in a boiler, there can be no&lt;br /&gt;
force except in the brain; in other words, that which leads and drags on&lt;br /&gt;
the world, is not locomotives, but ideas. Harness locomotives to ideas,&amp;amp;mdash;that&lt;br /&gt;
is well done; but do not mistake the horse for the rider.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At all events, to return to the Place de la Bastille, the architect of&lt;br /&gt;
this elephant succeeded in making a grand thing out of plaster; the&lt;br /&gt;
architect of the stove has succeeded in making a pretty thing out of&lt;br /&gt;
bronze.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This stove-pipe, which has been baptized by a sonorous name, and called&lt;br /&gt;
the column of July, this monument of a revolution that miscarried, was&lt;br /&gt;
still enveloped in 1832, in an immense shirt of woodwork, which we regret,&lt;br /&gt;
for our part, and by a vast plank enclosure, which completed the task of&lt;br /&gt;
isolating the elephant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It was towards this corner of the place, dimly lighted by the reflection&lt;br /&gt;
of a distant street lamp, that the gamin guided his two &amp;quot;brats.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The reader must permit us to interrupt ourselves here and to remind him&lt;br /&gt;
that we are dealing with simple reality, and that twenty years ago, the&lt;br /&gt;
tribunals were called upon to judge, under the charge of vagabondage, and&lt;br /&gt;
mutilation of a public monument, a child who had been caught asleep in&lt;br /&gt;
this very elephant of the Bastille. This fact noted, we proceed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On arriving in the vicinity of the colossus, Gavroche comprehended the&lt;br /&gt;
effect which the infinitely great might produce on the infinitely small,&lt;br /&gt;
and said:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Don't be scared, infants.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Then he entered through a gap in the fence into the elephant's enclosure&lt;br /&gt;
and helped the young ones to clamber through the breach. The two children,&lt;br /&gt;
somewhat frightened, followed Gavroche without uttering a word, and&lt;br /&gt;
confided themselves to this little Providence in rags which had given them&lt;br /&gt;
bread and had promised them a shelter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
There, extended along the fence, lay a ladder which by day served the&lt;br /&gt;
laborers in the neighboring timber-yard. Gavroche raised it with&lt;br /&gt;
remarkable vigor, and placed it against one of the elephant's forelegs.&lt;br /&gt;
Near the point where the ladder ended, a sort of black hole in the belly&lt;br /&gt;
of the colossus could be distinguished.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche pointed out the ladder and the hole to his guests, and said to&lt;br /&gt;
them:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Climb up and go in.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two little boys exchanged terrified glances.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You're afraid, brats!&amp;quot; exclaimed Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he added:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You shall see!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He clasped the rough leg of the elephant, and in a twinkling, without&lt;br /&gt;
deigning to make use of the ladder, he had reached the aperture. He&lt;br /&gt;
entered it as an adder slips through a crevice, and disappeared within,&lt;br /&gt;
and an instant later, the two children saw his head, which looked pale,&lt;br /&gt;
appear vaguely, on the edge of the shadowy hole, like a wan and whitish&lt;br /&gt;
spectre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well!&amp;quot; he exclaimed, &amp;quot;climb up, young 'uns! You'll see how snug it is&lt;br /&gt;
here! Come up, you!&amp;quot; he said to the elder, &amp;quot;I'll lend you a hand.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The little fellows nudged each other, the gamin frightened and inspired&lt;br /&gt;
them with confidence at one and the same time, and then, it was raining&lt;br /&gt;
very hard. The elder one undertook the risk. The younger, on seeing his&lt;br /&gt;
brother climbing up, and himself left alone between the paws of this huge&lt;br /&gt;
beast, felt greatly inclined to cry, but he did not dare.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The elder lad climbed, with uncertain steps, up the rungs of the ladder;&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, in the meanwhile, encouraging him with exclamations like a&lt;br /&gt;
fencing-master to his pupils, or a muleteer to his mules.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Don't be afraid!&amp;amp;mdash;That's it!&amp;amp;mdash;Come on!&amp;amp;mdash;Put your feet&lt;br /&gt;
there!&amp;amp;mdash;Give us your hand here!&amp;amp;mdash;Boldly!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And when the child was within reach, he seized him suddenly and vigorously&lt;br /&gt;
by the arm, and pulled him towards him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Nabbed!&amp;quot; said he.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The brat had passed through the crack.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Now,&amp;quot; said Gavroche, &amp;quot;wait for me. Be so good as to take a seat,&lt;br /&gt;
Monsieur.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And making his way out of the hole as he had entered it, he slipped down&lt;br /&gt;
the elephant's leg with the agility of a monkey, landed on his feet in the&lt;br /&gt;
grass, grasped the child of five round the body, and planted him fairly in&lt;br /&gt;
the middle of the ladder, then he began to climb up behind him, shouting&lt;br /&gt;
to the elder:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I'm going to boost him, do you tug.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And in another instant, the small lad was pushed, dragged, pulled, thrust,&lt;br /&gt;
stuffed into the hole, before he had time to recover himself, and&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, entering behind him, and repulsing the ladder with a kick which&lt;br /&gt;
sent it flat on the grass, began to clap his hands and to cry:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Here we are! Long live General Lafayette!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This explosion over, he added:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Now, young 'uns, you are in my house.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche was at home, in fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Oh, unforeseen utility of the useless! Charity of great things! Goodness&lt;br /&gt;
of giants! This huge monument, which had embodied an idea of the&lt;br /&gt;
Emperor's, had become the box of a street urchin. The brat had been&lt;br /&gt;
accepted and sheltered by the colossus. The bourgeois decked out in their&lt;br /&gt;
Sunday finery who passed the elephant of the Bastille, were fond of saying&lt;br /&gt;
as they scanned it disdainfully with their prominent eyes: &amp;quot;What's the&lt;br /&gt;
good of that?&amp;quot; It served to save from the cold, the frost, the hail, and&lt;br /&gt;
rain, to shelter from the winds of winter, to preserve from slumber in the&lt;br /&gt;
mud which produces fever, and from slumber in the snow which produces&lt;br /&gt;
death, a little being who had no father, no mother, no bread, no clothes,&lt;br /&gt;
no refuge. It served to receive the innocent whom society repulsed. It&lt;br /&gt;
served to diminish public crime. It was a lair open to one against whom&lt;br /&gt;
all doors were shut. It seemed as though the miserable old mastodon,&lt;br /&gt;
invaded by vermin and oblivion, covered with warts, with mould, and&lt;br /&gt;
ulcers, tottering, worm-eaten, abandoned, condemned, a sort of mendicant&lt;br /&gt;
colossus, asking alms in vain with a benevolent look in the midst of the&lt;br /&gt;
cross-roads, had taken pity on that other mendicant, the poor pygmy, who&lt;br /&gt;
roamed without shoes to his feet, without a roof over his head, blowing on&lt;br /&gt;
his fingers, clad in rags, fed on rejected scraps. That was what the&lt;br /&gt;
elephant of the Bastille was good for. This idea of Napoleon, disdained by&lt;br /&gt;
men, had been taken back by God. That which had been merely illustrious,&lt;br /&gt;
had become august. In order to realize his thought, the Emperor should&lt;br /&gt;
have had porphyry, brass, iron, gold, marble; the old collection of&lt;br /&gt;
planks, beams and plaster sufficed for God. The Emperor had had the dream&lt;br /&gt;
of a genius; in that Titanic elephant, armed, prodigious, with trunk&lt;br /&gt;
uplifted, bearing its tower and scattering on all sides its merry and&lt;br /&gt;
vivifying waters, he wished to incarnate the people. God had done a&lt;br /&gt;
grander thing with it, he had lodged a child there.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The hole through which Gavroche had entered was a breach which was hardly&lt;br /&gt;
visible from the outside, being concealed, as we have stated, beneath the&lt;br /&gt;
elephant's belly, and so narrow that it was only cats and homeless&lt;br /&gt;
children who could pass through it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let's begin,&amp;quot; said Gavroche, &amp;quot;by telling the porter that we are not at&lt;br /&gt;
home.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And plunging into the darkness with the assurance of a person who is well&lt;br /&gt;
acquainted with his apartments, he took a plank and stopped up the&lt;br /&gt;
aperture.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Again Gavroche plunged into the obscurity. The children heard the&lt;br /&gt;
crackling of the match thrust into the phosphoric bottle. The chemical&lt;br /&gt;
match was not yet in existence; at that epoch the Fumade steel represented&lt;br /&gt;
progress.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A sudden light made them blink; Gavroche had just managed to ignite one of&lt;br /&gt;
those bits of cord dipped in resin which are called cellar rats. The&lt;br /&gt;
cellar rat, which emitted more smoke than light, rendered the interior of&lt;br /&gt;
the elephant confusedly visible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche's two guests glanced about them, and the sensation which they&lt;br /&gt;
experienced was something like that which one would feel if shut up in the&lt;br /&gt;
great tun of Heidelberg, or, better still, like what Jonah must have felt&lt;br /&gt;
in the biblical belly of the whale. An entire and gigantic skeleton&lt;br /&gt;
appeared enveloping them. Above, a long brown beam, whence started at&lt;br /&gt;
regular distances, massive, arching ribs, represented the vertebral column&lt;br /&gt;
with its sides, stalactites of plaster depended from them like entrails,&lt;br /&gt;
and vast spiders' webs stretching from side to side, formed dirty&lt;br /&gt;
diaphragms. Here and there, in the corners, were visible large blackish&lt;br /&gt;
spots which had the appearance of being alive, and which changed places&lt;br /&gt;
rapidly with an abrupt and frightened movement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Fragments which had fallen from the elephant's back into his belly had&lt;br /&gt;
filled up the cavity, so that it was possible to walk upon it as on a&lt;br /&gt;
floor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The smaller child nestled up against his brother, and whispèred to him:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It's black.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This remark drew an exclamation from Gavroche. The petrified air of the&lt;br /&gt;
two brats rendered some shock necessary.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What's that you are gabbling about there?&amp;quot; he exclaimed. &amp;quot;Are you&lt;br /&gt;
scoffing at me? Are you turning up your noses? Do you want the tuileries?&lt;br /&gt;
Are you brutes? Come, say! I warn you that I don't belong to the regiment&lt;br /&gt;
of simpletons. Ah, come now, are you brats from the Pope's establishment?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A little roughness is good in cases of fear. It is reassuring. The two&lt;br /&gt;
children drew close to Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, paternally touched by this confidence, passed from grave to&lt;br /&gt;
gentle, and addressing the smaller:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Stupid,&amp;quot; said he, accenting the insulting word, with a caressing&lt;br /&gt;
intonation, &amp;quot;it's outside that it is black. Outside it's raining, here it&lt;br /&gt;
does not rain; outside it's cold, here there's not an atom of wind;&lt;br /&gt;
outside there are heaps of people, here there's no one; outside there&lt;br /&gt;
ain't even the moon, here there's my candle, confound it!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two children began to look upon the apartment with less terror; but&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche allowed them no more time for contemplation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Quick,&amp;quot; said he.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he pushed them towards what we are very glad to be able to call the&lt;br /&gt;
end of the room.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
There stood his bed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche's bed was complete; that is to say, it had a mattress, a blanket,&lt;br /&gt;
and an alcove with curtains.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The mattress was a straw mat, the blanket a rather large strip of gray&lt;br /&gt;
woollen stuff, very warm and almost new. This is what the alcove consisted&lt;br /&gt;
of:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Three rather long poles, thrust into and consolidated, with the rubbish&lt;br /&gt;
which formed the floor, that is to say, the belly of the elephant, two in&lt;br /&gt;
front and one behind, and united by a rope at their summits, so as to form&lt;br /&gt;
a pyramidal bundle. This cluster supported a trellis-work of brass wire&lt;br /&gt;
which was simply placed upon it, but artistically applied, and held by&lt;br /&gt;
fastenings of iron wire, so that it enveloped all three holes. A row of&lt;br /&gt;
very heavy stones kept this network down to the floor so that nothing&lt;br /&gt;
could pass under it. This grating was nothing else than a piece of the&lt;br /&gt;
brass screens with which aviaries are covered in menageries. Gavroche's&lt;br /&gt;
bed stood as in a cage, behind this net. The whole resembled an Esquimaux&lt;br /&gt;
tent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This trellis-work took the place of curtains.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche moved aside the stones which fastened the net down in front, and&lt;br /&gt;
the two folds of the net which lapped over each other fell apart.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Down on all fours, brats!&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He made his guests enter the cage with great precaution, then he crawled&lt;br /&gt;
in after them, pulled the stones together, and closed the opening&lt;br /&gt;
hermetically again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
All three had stretched out on the mat. Gavroche still had the cellar rat&lt;br /&gt;
in his hand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Now,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;go to sleep! I'm going to suppress the candelabra.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur,&amp;quot; the elder of the brothers asked Gavroche, pointing to the&lt;br /&gt;
netting, &amp;quot;what's that for?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That,&amp;quot; answered Gavroche gravely, &amp;quot;is for the rats. Go to sleep!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, he felt obliged to add a few words of instruction for the&lt;br /&gt;
benefit of these young creatures, and he continued:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It's a thing from the Jardin des Plantes. It's used for fierce animals.&lt;br /&gt;
There's a whole shopful of them there. All you've got to do is to climb&lt;br /&gt;
over a wall, crawl through a window, and pass through a door. You can get&lt;br /&gt;
as much as you want.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As he spoke, he wrapped the younger one up bodily in a fold of the&lt;br /&gt;
blanket, and the little one murmured:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh! how good that is! It's warm!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche cast a pleased eye on the blanket.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That's from the Jardin des Plantes, too,&amp;quot; said he. &amp;quot;I took that from the&lt;br /&gt;
monkeys.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And, pointing out to the eldest the mat on which he was lying, a very&lt;br /&gt;
thick and admirably made mat, he added:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That belonged to the giraffe.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
After a pause he went on:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The beasts had all these things. I took them away from them. It didn't&lt;br /&gt;
trouble them. I told them: 'It's for the elephant.'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He paused, and then resumed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You crawl over the walls and you don't care a straw for the government.&lt;br /&gt;
So there now!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two children gazed with timid and stupefied respect on this intrepid&lt;br /&gt;
and ingenious being, a vagabond like themselves, isolated like themselves,&lt;br /&gt;
frail like themselves, who had something admirable and all-powerful about&lt;br /&gt;
him, who seemed supernatural to them, and whose physiognomy was composed&lt;br /&gt;
of all the grimaces of an old mountebank, mingled with the most ingenuous&lt;br /&gt;
and charming smiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur,&amp;quot; ventured the elder timidly, &amp;quot;you are not afraid of the police,&lt;br /&gt;
then?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche contented himself with replying:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Brat! Nobody says 'police,' they say 'bobbies.'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The smaller had his eyes wide open, but he said nothing. As he was on the&lt;br /&gt;
edge of the mat, the elder being in the middle, Gavroche tucked the&lt;br /&gt;
blanket round him as a mother might have done, and heightened the mat&lt;br /&gt;
under his head with old rags, in such a way as to form a pillow for the&lt;br /&gt;
child. Then he turned to the elder:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hey! We're jolly comfortable here, ain't we?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah, yes!&amp;quot; replied the elder, gazing at Gavroche with the expression of a&lt;br /&gt;
saved angel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two poor little children who had been soaked through, began to grow&lt;br /&gt;
warm once more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah, by the way,&amp;quot; continued Gavroche, &amp;quot;what were you bawling about?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And pointing out the little one to his brother:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;A mite like that, I've nothing to say about, but the idea of a big fellow&lt;br /&gt;
like you crying! It's idiotic; you looked like a calf.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Gracious,&amp;quot; replied the child, &amp;quot;we have no lodging.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Bother!&amp;quot; retorted Gavroche, &amp;quot;you don't say 'lodgings,' you say 'crib.'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And then, we were afraid of being alone like that at night.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You don't say 'night,' you say 'darkmans.'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Thank you, sir,&amp;quot; said the child.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Listen,&amp;quot; went on Gavroche, &amp;quot;you must never bawl again over anything. I'll&lt;br /&gt;
take care of you. You shall see what fun we'll have. In summer, we'll go&lt;br /&gt;
to the Glaciere with Navet, one of my pals, we'll bathe in the Gare, we'll&lt;br /&gt;
run stark naked in front of the rafts on the bridge at Austerlitz,&amp;amp;mdash;that&lt;br /&gt;
makes the laundresses raging. They scream, they get mad, and if you only&lt;br /&gt;
knew how ridiculous they are! We'll go and see the man-skeleton. And then&lt;br /&gt;
I'll take you to the play. I'll take you to see Frederick Lemaitre. I have&lt;br /&gt;
tickets, I know some of the actors, I even played in a piece once. There&lt;br /&gt;
were a lot of us fellers, and we ran under a cloth, and that made the sea.&lt;br /&gt;
I'll get you an engagement at my theatre. We'll go to see the savages.&lt;br /&gt;
They ain't real, those savages ain't. They wear pink tights that go all in&lt;br /&gt;
wrinkles, and you can see where their elbows have been darned with white.&lt;br /&gt;
Then, we'll go to the Opera. We'll get in with the hired applauders. The&lt;br /&gt;
Opera claque is well managed. I wouldn't associate with the claque on the&lt;br /&gt;
boulevard. At the Opera, just fancy! some of them pay twenty sous, but&lt;br /&gt;
they're ninnies. They're called dishclouts. And then we'll go to see the&lt;br /&gt;
guillotine work. I'll show you the executioner. He lives in the Rue des&lt;br /&gt;
Marais. Monsieur Sanson. He has a letter-box at his door. Ah! we'll have&lt;br /&gt;
famous fun!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At that moment a drop of wax fell on Gavroche's finger, and recalled him&lt;br /&gt;
to the realities of life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The deuce!&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;there's the wick giving out. Attention! I can't&lt;br /&gt;
spend more than a sou a month on my lighting. When a body goes to bed, he&lt;br /&gt;
must sleep. We haven't the time to read M. Paul de Kock's romances. And&lt;br /&gt;
besides, the light might pass through the cracks of the porte-cochère, and&lt;br /&gt;
all the bobbies need to do is to see it.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And then,&amp;quot; remarked the elder timidly,&amp;amp;mdash;he alone dared talk to&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche, and reply to him, &amp;quot;a spark might fall in the straw, and we must&lt;br /&gt;
look out and not burn the house down.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;People don't say 'burn the house down,'&amp;quot; remarked Gavroche, &amp;quot;they say&lt;br /&gt;
'blaze the crib.'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The storm increased in violence, and the heavy downpour beat upon the back&lt;br /&gt;
of the colossus amid claps of thunder. &amp;quot;You're taken in, rain!&amp;quot; said&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche. &amp;quot;It amuses me to hear the decanter run down the legs of the&lt;br /&gt;
house. Winter is a stupid; it wastes its merchandise, it loses its labor,&lt;br /&gt;
it can't wet us, and that makes it kick up a row, old water-carrier that&lt;br /&gt;
it is.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This allusion to the thunder, all the consequences of which Gavroche, in&lt;br /&gt;
his character of a philosopher of the nineteenth century, accepted, was&lt;br /&gt;
followed by a broad flash of lightning, so dazzling that a hint of it&lt;br /&gt;
entered the belly of the elephant through the crack. Almost at the same&lt;br /&gt;
instant, the thunder rumbled with great fury. The two little creatures&lt;br /&gt;
uttered a shriek, and started up so eagerly that the network came near&lt;br /&gt;
being displaced, but Gavroche turned his bold face to them, and took&lt;br /&gt;
advantage of the clap of thunder to burst into a laugh.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Calm down, children. Don't topple over the edifice. That's fine,&lt;br /&gt;
first-class thunder; all right. That's no slouch of a streak of lightning.&lt;br /&gt;
Bravo for the good God! Deuce take it! It's almost as good as it is at the&lt;br /&gt;
Ambigu.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
That said, he restored order in the netting, pushed the two children&lt;br /&gt;
gently down on the bed, pressed their knees, in order to stretch them out&lt;br /&gt;
at full length, and exclaimed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Since the good God is lighting his candle, I can blow out mine. Now,&lt;br /&gt;
babes, now, my young humans, you must shut your peepers. It's very bad not&lt;br /&gt;
to sleep. It'll make you swallow the strainer, or, as they say, in&lt;br /&gt;
fashionable society, stink in the gullet. Wrap yourself up well in the&lt;br /&gt;
hide! I'm going to put out the light. Are you ready?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes,&amp;quot; murmured the elder, &amp;quot;I'm all right. I seem to have feathers under&lt;br /&gt;
my head.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;People don't say 'head,'&amp;quot; cried Gavroche, &amp;quot;they say 'nut'.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The two children nestled close to each other, Gavroche finished arranging&lt;br /&gt;
them on the mat, drew the blanket up to their very ears, then repeated,&lt;br /&gt;
for the third time, his injunction in the hieratical tongue:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Shut your peepers!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he snuffed out his tiny light.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Hardly had the light been extinguished, when a peculiar trembling began to&lt;br /&gt;
affect the netting under which the three children lay.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It consisted of a multitude of dull scratches which produced a metallic&lt;br /&gt;
sound, as if claws and teeth were gnawing at the copper wire. This was&lt;br /&gt;
accompanied by all sorts of little piercing cries.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The little five-year-old boy, on hearing this hubbub overhead, and chilled&lt;br /&gt;
with terror, jogged his brother's elbow; but the elder brother had already&lt;br /&gt;
shut his peepers, as Gavroche had ordered. Then the little one, who could&lt;br /&gt;
no longer control his terror, questioned Gavroche, but in a very low tone,&lt;br /&gt;
and with bated breath:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sir?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hey?&amp;quot; said Gavroche, who had just closed his eyes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What is that?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It's the rats,&amp;quot; replied Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And he laid his head down on the mat again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The rats, in fact, who swarmed by thousands in the carcass of the&lt;br /&gt;
elephant, and who were the living black spots which we have already&lt;br /&gt;
mentioned, had been held in awe by the flame of the candle, so long as it&lt;br /&gt;
had been lighted; but as soon as the cavern, which was the same as their&lt;br /&gt;
city, had returned to darkness, scenting what the good story-teller&lt;br /&gt;
Perrault calls &amp;quot;fresh meat,&amp;quot; they had hurled themselves in throngs on&lt;br /&gt;
Gavroche's tent, had climbed to the top of it, and had begun to bite the&lt;br /&gt;
meshes as though seeking to pierce this new-fangled trap.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Still the little one could not sleep.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sir?&amp;quot; he began again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hey?&amp;quot; said Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What are rats?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They are mice.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This explanation reassured the child a little. He had seen white mice in&lt;br /&gt;
the course of his life, and he was not afraid of them. Nevertheless, he&lt;br /&gt;
lifted up his voice once more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sir?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hey?&amp;quot; said Gavroche again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Why don't you have a cat?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I did have one,&amp;quot; replied Gavroche, &amp;quot;I brought one here, but they ate&lt;br /&gt;
her.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This second explanation undid the work of the first, and the little fellow&lt;br /&gt;
began to tremble again.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The dialogue between him and Gavroche began again for the fourth time:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hey?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Who was it that was eaten?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The cat.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And who ate the cat?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The rats.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The mice?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, the rats.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The child, in consternation, dismayed at the thought of mice which ate&lt;br /&gt;
cats, pursued:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sir, would those mice eat us?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Wouldn't they just!&amp;quot; ejaculated Gavroche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The child's terror had reached its climax. But Gavroche added:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Don't be afraid. They can't get in. And besides, I'm here! Here, catch&lt;br /&gt;
hold of my hand. Hold your tongue and shut your peepers!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At the same time Gavroche grasped the little fellow's hand across his&lt;br /&gt;
brother. The child pressed the hand close to him, and felt reassured.&lt;br /&gt;
Courage and strength have these mysterious ways of communicating&lt;br /&gt;
themselves. Silence reigned round them once more, the sound of their&lt;br /&gt;
voices had frightened off the rats; at the expiration of a few minutes,&lt;br /&gt;
they came raging back, but in vain, the three little fellows were fast&lt;br /&gt;
asleep and heard nothing more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The hours of the night fled away. Darkness covered the vast Place de la&lt;br /&gt;
Bastille. A wintry gale, which mingled with the rain, blew in gusts, the&lt;br /&gt;
patrol searched all the doorways, alleys, enclosures, and obscure nooks,&lt;br /&gt;
and in their search for nocturnal vagabonds they passed in silence before&lt;br /&gt;
the elephant; the monster, erect, motionless, staring open-eyed into the&lt;br /&gt;
shadows, had the appearance of dreaming happily over his good deed; and&lt;br /&gt;
sheltered from heaven and from men the three poor sleeping children.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In order to understand what is about to follow, the reader must remember,&lt;br /&gt;
that, at that epoch, the Bastille guard-house was situated at the other&lt;br /&gt;
end of the square, and that what took place in the vicinity of the&lt;br /&gt;
elephant could neither be seen nor heard by the sentinel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Towards the end of that hour which immediately precedes the dawn, a man&lt;br /&gt;
turned from the Rue Saint-Antoine at a run, made the circuit of the&lt;br /&gt;
enclosure of the column of July, and glided between the palings until he&lt;br /&gt;
was underneath the belly of the elephant. If any light had illuminated&lt;br /&gt;
that man, it might have been divined from the thorough manner in which he&lt;br /&gt;
was soaked that he had passed the night in the rain. Arrived beneath the&lt;br /&gt;
elephant, he uttered a peculiar cry, which did not belong to any human&lt;br /&gt;
tongue, and which a paroquet alone could have imitated. Twice he repeated&lt;br /&gt;
this cry, of whose orthography the following barely conveys an idea:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Kirikikiou!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At the second cry, a clear, young, merry voice responded from the belly of&lt;br /&gt;
the elephant:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Almost immediately, the plank which closed the hole was drawn aside, and&lt;br /&gt;
gave passage to a child who descended the elephant's leg, and fell briskly&lt;br /&gt;
near the man. It was Gavroche. The man was Montparnasse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As for his cry of Kirikikiou,&amp;amp;mdash;that was, doubtless, what the child&lt;br /&gt;
had meant, when he said:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You will ask for Monsieur Gavroche.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On hearing it, he had waked with a start, had crawled out of his &amp;quot;alcove,&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
pushing apart the netting a little, and carefully drawing it together&lt;br /&gt;
again, then he had opened the trap, and descended.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The man and the child recognized each other silently amid the gloom:&lt;br /&gt;
Montparnasse confined himself to the remark:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;We need you. Come, lend us a hand.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The lad asked for no further enlightenment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I'm with you,&amp;quot; said he.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And both took their way towards the Rue Saint-Antoine, whence Montparnasse&lt;br /&gt;
had emerged, winding rapidly through the long file of market-gardeners'&lt;br /&gt;
carts which descend towards the markets at that hour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The market-gardeners, crouching, half-asleep, in their wagons, amid the&lt;br /&gt;
salads and vegetables, enveloped to their very eyes in their mufflers on&lt;br /&gt;
account of the beating rain, did not even glance at these strange&lt;br /&gt;
pedestrians.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Merlan (whiting)===&lt;br /&gt;
A sobriquet given to hairdressers because they are white with powder. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Abbéy of Ascend-with-Regret===&lt;br /&gt;
The scaffold. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_3/Book_4/Chapter_4&amp;diff=188571</id>
		<title>Volume 3/Book 4/Chapter 4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_3/Book_4/Chapter_4&amp;diff=188571"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:47:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 146.185.234.48 (talk) to last revision by Historymaker&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 3: Marius, Book Fourth: The Friends of the ABC, Chapter 4: The Back Room of the Cafe Musain&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 3: Marius, Livre quatri&amp;amp;egrave;me:  Les amis de l'ABC, Chapitre 4: L'arri&amp;amp;egrave;re-salle du caf&amp;amp;eacute; Musain)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une des conversations entre ces jeunes gens, auxquelles Marius assistait&lt;br /&gt;
et dans lesquelles il intervenait quelquefois, fut une v&amp;amp;eacute;ritable&lt;br /&gt;
secousse pour son esprit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Cela se passait dans l'arri&amp;amp;egrave;re-salle du caf&amp;amp;eacute; Musain. &amp;amp;Agrave; peu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s tous les&lt;br /&gt;
Amis de l'A B C &amp;amp;eacute;taient r&amp;amp;eacute;unis ce soir-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Le quinquet &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
solennellement allum&amp;amp;eacute;. On parlait de choses et d'autres, sans passion et&lt;br /&gt;
avec bruit. Except&amp;amp;eacute; Enjolras et Marius, qui se taisaient, chacun&lt;br /&gt;
haranguait un peu au hasard. Les causeries entre camarades ont parfois&lt;br /&gt;
de ces tumultes paisibles. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un jeu et un p&amp;amp;ecirc;le-m&amp;amp;ecirc;le autant qu'une&lt;br /&gt;
conversation. On se jetait des mots qu'on rattrapait. On causait aux&lt;br /&gt;
quatre coins.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Aucune femme n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait admise dans cette arri&amp;amp;egrave;re-salle, except&amp;amp;eacute; Louison,&lt;br /&gt;
la laveuse de vaisselle du caf&amp;amp;eacute;, qui la traversait de temps en temps&lt;br /&gt;
pour aller de la laverie au &amp;amp;laquo;laboratoire&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Grantaire, parfaitement gris, assourdissait le coin dont il s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
empar&amp;amp;eacute;. Il raisonnait et d&amp;amp;eacute;raisonnait &amp;amp;agrave; tue-t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, il criait:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'ai soif. Mortels, je fais un r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve: que la tonne de Heidelberg ait&lt;br /&gt;
une attaque d'apoplexie, et &amp;amp;ecirc;tre de la douzaine de sangsues qu'on lui&lt;br /&gt;
appliquera. Je voudrais boire. Je d&amp;amp;eacute;sire oublier la vie. La vie est une&lt;br /&gt;
invention hideuse de je ne sais qui. Cela ne dure rien et cela ne vaut&lt;br /&gt;
rien. On se casse le cou &amp;amp;agrave; vivre. La vie est un d&amp;amp;eacute;cor o&amp;amp;ugrave; il y a peu de&lt;br /&gt;
praticables. Le bonheur est un vieux ch&amp;amp;acirc;ssis peint d'un seul c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
L'Eccl&amp;amp;eacute;siaste dit: tout est vanit&amp;amp;eacute;; je pense comme ce bonhomme qui n'a&lt;br /&gt;
peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre jamais exist&amp;amp;eacute;. Z&amp;amp;eacute;ro, ne voulant pas aller tout nu, s'est v&amp;amp;ecirc;tu&lt;br /&gt;
de vanit&amp;amp;eacute;. &amp;amp;Ocirc; vanit&amp;amp;eacute;! rhabillage de tout avec de grands mots! une cuisine&lt;br /&gt;
est un laboratoire, un danseur est un professeur, un saltimbanque est un&lt;br /&gt;
gymnaste, un boxeur est un pugiliste, un apothicaire est un chimiste, un&lt;br /&gt;
perruquier est un artiste, un g&amp;amp;acirc;cheux est un architecte, un jockey est&lt;br /&gt;
un sportsman, un cloporte est un pt&amp;amp;eacute;rygibranche. La vanit&amp;amp;eacute; a un envers&lt;br /&gt;
et un endroit; l'endroit est b&amp;amp;ecirc;te, c'est le n&amp;amp;egrave;gre avec ses verroteries;&lt;br /&gt;
l'envers est sot, c'est le philosophe avec ses guenilles. Je pleure sur&lt;br /&gt;
l'un et je ris de l'autre. Ce qu'on appelle honneurs et dignit&amp;amp;eacute;s, et&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;ecirc;me honneur et dignit&amp;amp;eacute;, est g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ralement en chrysocale. Les rois font&lt;br /&gt;
joujou avec l'orgueil humain. Caligula faisait consul un cheval; Charles&lt;br /&gt;
II faisait chevalier un aloyau. Drapez-vous donc maintenant entre le&lt;br /&gt;
consul Incitatus et le baronnet Roastbeef. Quant &amp;amp;agrave; la valeur intrins&amp;amp;egrave;que&lt;br /&gt;
des gens, elle n'est gu&amp;amp;egrave;re plus respectable. &amp;amp;Eacute;coutez le pan&amp;amp;eacute;gyrique que&lt;br /&gt;
le voisin fait du voisin. Blanc sur blanc est f&amp;amp;eacute;roce; si le lys parlait,&lt;br /&gt;
comme il arrangerait la colombe! une bigote qui jase d'une d&amp;amp;eacute;vote est&lt;br /&gt;
plus venimeuse que l'aspic et le bongare bleu. C'est dommage que je sois&lt;br /&gt;
un ignorant, car je vous citerais une foule de choses; mais je ne sais&lt;br /&gt;
rien. Par exemple, j'ai toujours eu de l'esprit; quand j'&amp;amp;eacute;tais &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;ve&lt;br /&gt;
chez Gros, au lieu de barbouiller des tableautins, je passais mon temps&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; chiper des pommes; rapin est le m&amp;amp;acirc;le de rapine. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; pour moi; quant&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; vous autres, vous me valez. Je me fiche de vos perfections,&lt;br /&gt;
excellences et qualit&amp;amp;eacute;s. Toute qualit&amp;amp;eacute; verse dans un d&amp;amp;eacute;faut; l'&amp;amp;eacute;conome&lt;br /&gt;
touche &amp;amp;agrave; l'avare, le g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;reux confine au prodigue, le brave c&amp;amp;ocirc;toie le&lt;br /&gt;
bravache; qui dit tr&amp;amp;egrave;s pieux dit un peu cagot; il y a juste autant de&lt;br /&gt;
vices dans la vertu qu'il y a de trous au manteau de Diog&amp;amp;egrave;ne. Qui&lt;br /&gt;
admirez-vous, le tu&amp;amp;eacute; ou le tueur, C&amp;amp;eacute;sar ou Brutus? G&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ralement on est&lt;br /&gt;
pour le tueur. Vive Brutus! il a tu&amp;amp;eacute;. C'est &amp;amp;ccedil;a qui est la vertu. Vertu,&lt;br /&gt;
soit, mais folie aussi. Il y a des taches bizarres &amp;amp;agrave; ces grands&lt;br /&gt;
hommes-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Le Brutus qui tua C&amp;amp;eacute;sar &amp;amp;eacute;tait amoureux d'une statue de petit&lt;br /&gt;
gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on. Cette statue &amp;amp;eacute;tait du statuaire grec Strongylion, lequel avait&lt;br /&gt;
aussi sculpt&amp;amp;eacute; cette figure d'amazone appel&amp;amp;eacute;e Belle-Jambe, Eucnemos, que&lt;br /&gt;
N&amp;amp;eacute;ron emportait avec lui dans ses voyages. Ce Strongylion n'a laiss&amp;amp;eacute; que&lt;br /&gt;
deux statues qui ont mis d'accord Brutus et N&amp;amp;eacute;ron; Brutus fut amoureux&lt;br /&gt;
de l'une et N&amp;amp;eacute;ron de l'autre. Toute l'histoire n'est qu'un long&lt;br /&gt;
rab&amp;amp;acirc;chage. Un si&amp;amp;egrave;cle est le plagiaire de l'autre. La bataille de Marengo&lt;br /&gt;
copie la bataille de Pydna; le Tolbiac de Clovis et l'Austerlitz de&lt;br /&gt;
Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on se ressemblent comme deux gouttes de sang. Je fais peu de cas&lt;br /&gt;
de la victoire. Rien n'est stupide comme vaincre; la vraie gloire est&lt;br /&gt;
convaincre. Mais t&amp;amp;acirc;chez donc de prouver quelque chose! Vous vous&lt;br /&gt;
contentez de r&amp;amp;eacute;ussir, quelle m&amp;amp;eacute;diocrit&amp;amp;eacute;! et de conqu&amp;amp;eacute;rir, quelle mis&amp;amp;egrave;re!&lt;br /&gt;
H&amp;amp;eacute;las, vanit&amp;amp;eacute; et l&amp;amp;acirc;chet&amp;amp;eacute; partout. Tout ob&amp;amp;eacute;it au succ&amp;amp;egrave;s, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me la&lt;br /&gt;
grammaire. ''Si volet usus'', dit Horace. Donc, je d&amp;amp;eacute;daigne le genre&lt;br /&gt;
humain. Descendrons-nous du tout &amp;amp;agrave; la partie? Voulez-vous que je me&lt;br /&gt;
mette &amp;amp;agrave; admirer les peuples? Quel peuple, s'il vous pla&amp;amp;icirc;t? Est-ce la&lt;br /&gt;
Gr&amp;amp;egrave;ce? Les Ath&amp;amp;eacute;niens, ces Parisiens de jadis, tuaient Phocion, comme qui&lt;br /&gt;
dirait Coligny, et flagornaient les tyrans au point qu'Anac&amp;amp;eacute;phore disait&lt;br /&gt;
de Pisistrate: Son urine attire les abeilles. L'homme le plus&lt;br /&gt;
consid&amp;amp;eacute;rable de la Gr&amp;amp;egrave;ce pendant cinquante ans a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; ce grammairien&lt;br /&gt;
Philetas, lequel &amp;amp;eacute;tait si petit et si menu qu'il &amp;amp;eacute;tait oblig&amp;amp;eacute; de plomber&lt;br /&gt;
ses souliers pour n'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pas emport&amp;amp;eacute; par le vent. Il y avait sur la plus&lt;br /&gt;
grande place de Corinthe une statue sculpt&amp;amp;eacute;e par Silanion et catalogu&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
par Pline; cette statue repr&amp;amp;eacute;sentait &amp;amp;Eacute;pisthate. Qu'a fait &amp;amp;Eacute;pisthate? il&lt;br /&gt;
a invent&amp;amp;eacute; le croc-en-jambe. Ceci r&amp;amp;eacute;sume la Gr&amp;amp;egrave;ce et la gloire. Passons &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
d'autres. Admirerai-je l'Angleterre? Admirerai-je la France? La France?&lt;br /&gt;
pourquoi? &amp;amp;Agrave; cause de Paris? je viens de vous dire mon opinion sur&lt;br /&gt;
Ath&amp;amp;egrave;nes. L'Angleterre? pourquoi? &amp;amp;Agrave; cause de Londres? je hais Carthage.&lt;br /&gt;
Et puis, Londres, m&amp;amp;eacute;tropole du luxe, est le chef-lieu de la mis&amp;amp;egrave;re. Sur&lt;br /&gt;
la seule paroisse de Charing-Cross, il y a par an cent morts de faim.&lt;br /&gt;
Telle est Albion. J'ajoute, pour comble, que j'ai vu une Anglaise danser&lt;br /&gt;
avec une couronne de roses et des lunettes bleues. Donc un groing pour&lt;br /&gt;
l'Angleterre! Si je n'admire pas John Bull, j'admirerai donc fr&amp;amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
Jonathan? Je go&amp;amp;ucirc;te peu ce fr&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave; esclaves. &amp;amp;Ocirc;tez ''time is money'', que&lt;br /&gt;
reste-t-il de l'Angleterre? &amp;amp;Ocirc;tez ''cotton is king'', que reste-t-il de&lt;br /&gt;
l'Am&amp;amp;eacute;rique? L'Allemagne, c'est la lymphe; l'Italie, c'est la bile. Nous&lt;br /&gt;
extasierons-nous sur la Russie? Voltaire l'admirait. Il admirait aussi&lt;br /&gt;
la Chine. Je conviens que la Russie a ses beaut&amp;amp;eacute;s, entre autres un fort&lt;br /&gt;
despotisme; mais je plains les despotes. Ils ont une sant&amp;amp;eacute; d&amp;amp;eacute;licate. Un&lt;br /&gt;
Alexis d&amp;amp;eacute;capit&amp;amp;eacute;, un Pierre poignard&amp;amp;eacute;, un Paul &amp;amp;eacute;trangl&amp;amp;eacute;, un autre Paul&lt;br /&gt;
aplati &amp;amp;agrave; coups de talon de botte, divers Ivans &amp;amp;eacute;gorg&amp;amp;eacute;s, plusieurs&lt;br /&gt;
Nicolas et Basiles empoisonn&amp;amp;eacute;s, tout cela indique que le palais des&lt;br /&gt;
empereurs de Russie est dans une condition flagrante d'insalubrit&amp;amp;eacute;. Tous&lt;br /&gt;
les peuples civilis&amp;amp;eacute;s offrent &amp;amp;agrave; l'admiration du penseur ce d&amp;amp;eacute;tail: la&lt;br /&gt;
guerre; or la guerre, la guerre civilis&amp;amp;eacute;e, &amp;amp;eacute;puise et totalise toutes les&lt;br /&gt;
formes du banditisme, depuis le brigandage des trabucaires aux gorges du&lt;br /&gt;
mont Jaxa jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; la maraude des Indiens Comanches dans la&lt;br /&gt;
Passe-Douteuse. Bah! me direz-vous, l'Europe vaut pourtant mieux que&lt;br /&gt;
l'Asie? Je conviens que l'Asie est farce; mais je ne vois pas trop ce&lt;br /&gt;
que vous avez &amp;amp;agrave; rire du grand lama, vous peuples d'occident qui avez&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; vos modes et &amp;amp;agrave; vos &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;gances toutes les ordures compliqu&amp;amp;eacute;es de&lt;br /&gt;
majest&amp;amp;eacute;, depuis la chemise sale de la reine Isabelle jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; la chaise&lt;br /&gt;
perc&amp;amp;eacute;e du dauphin. Messieurs les humains, je vous dis bernique! C'est &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Bruxelles que l'on consomme le plus de bi&amp;amp;egrave;re, &amp;amp;agrave; Stockholm le plus&lt;br /&gt;
d'eau-de-vie, &amp;amp;agrave; Madrid le plus de chocolat, &amp;amp;agrave; Amsterdam le plus de&lt;br /&gt;
geni&amp;amp;egrave;vre, &amp;amp;agrave; Londres le plus de vin, &amp;amp;agrave; Constantinople le plus de caf&amp;amp;eacute;, &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Paris le plus d'absinthe; voil&amp;amp;agrave; toutes les notions utiles. Paris&lt;br /&gt;
l'emporte, en somme. &amp;amp;Agrave; Paris, les chiffonniers m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes sont des sybarites;&lt;br /&gt;
Diog&amp;amp;egrave;ne e&amp;amp;ucirc;t autant aim&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;ecirc;tre chiffonnier place Maubert que philosophe au&lt;br /&gt;
Pir&amp;amp;eacute;e. Apprenez encore ceci: les cabarets des chiffonniers s'appellent&lt;br /&gt;
bibines; les plus c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;bres sont ''la Casserole'' et ''l'Abattoir''. Donc, &amp;amp;ocirc;&lt;br /&gt;
guinguettes, goguettes, bouchons, caboulots, bouibouis, mastroquets,&lt;br /&gt;
bastringues, manezingues, bibines des chiffonniers, caravans&amp;amp;eacute;rails des&lt;br /&gt;
califes, je vous atteste, je suis un voluptueux, je mange chez Richard &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
quarante sous par t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, il me faut des tapis de Perse &amp;amp;agrave; y rouler&lt;br /&gt;
Cl&amp;amp;eacute;op&amp;amp;acirc;tre nue! O&amp;amp;ugrave; est Cl&amp;amp;eacute;op&amp;amp;acirc;tre? Ah! c'est toi, Louison. Bonjour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ainsi se r&amp;amp;eacute;pandait en paroles, accrochant la laveuse de vaisselle au&lt;br /&gt;
passage, dans son coin de l'arri&amp;amp;egrave;re-salle Musain, Grantaire plus&lt;br /&gt;
qu'ivre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Bossuet, &amp;amp;eacute;tendant la main vers lui, essayait de lui imposer silence, et&lt;br /&gt;
Grantaire repartait de plus belle:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Aigle de Meaux, &amp;amp;agrave; bas les pattes. Tu ne me fais aucun effet avec ton&lt;br /&gt;
geste d'Hippocrate refusant le bric-&amp;amp;agrave;-brac d'Artaxerce. Je te dispense&lt;br /&gt;
de me calmer. D'ailleurs je suis triste. Que voulez-vous que je vous&lt;br /&gt;
dise? L'homme est mauvais, l'homme est difforme. Le papillon est r&amp;amp;eacute;ussi,&lt;br /&gt;
l'homme est rat&amp;amp;eacute;. Dieu a manqu&amp;amp;eacute; cet animal-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Une foule est un choix de&lt;br /&gt;
laideurs. Le premier venu est un mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable. Femme rime &amp;amp;agrave; inf&amp;amp;acirc;me. Oui,&lt;br /&gt;
j'ai le spleen, compliqu&amp;amp;eacute; de la m&amp;amp;eacute;lancolie, avec la nostalgie, plus&lt;br /&gt;
l'hypocondrie, et je bisque, et je rage, et je b&amp;amp;acirc;ille, et je m'ennuie,&lt;br /&gt;
et je m'assomme, et je m'emb&amp;amp;ecirc;te! Que Dieu aille au diable!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Silence donc, R majuscule! reprit Bossuet qui discutait un point de&lt;br /&gt;
droit avec la cantonade, et qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait engag&amp;amp;eacute; plus qu'&amp;amp;agrave; mi-corps dans une&lt;br /&gt;
phrase d'argot judiciaire dont voici la fin:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;...Et quant &amp;amp;agrave; moi, quoique je sois &amp;amp;agrave; peine l&amp;amp;eacute;giste et tout au plus&lt;br /&gt;
procureur amateur, je soutiens ceci: qu'aux termes de la coutume de&lt;br /&gt;
Normandie, &amp;amp;agrave; la Saint-Michel, et pour chaque ann&amp;amp;eacute;e, un &amp;amp;Eacute;quivalent devait&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pay&amp;amp;eacute; au profit du seigneur, sauf autrui droit, par tous et un&lt;br /&gt;
chacun, tant les propri&amp;amp;eacute;taires que les saisis d'h&amp;amp;eacute;ritage, et ce, pour&lt;br /&gt;
toutes emphyt&amp;amp;eacute;oses, baux, alleux, contrats domaniaires et domaniaux,&lt;br /&gt;
hypoth&amp;amp;eacute;caires et hypoth&amp;amp;eacute;caux....&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Eacute;chos, nymphes plaintives, fredonna Grantaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Tout pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de Grantaire, sur une table presque silencieuse, une feuille&lt;br /&gt;
de papier, un encrier et une plume entre deux petits verres annon&amp;amp;ccedil;aient&lt;br /&gt;
qu'un vaudeville s'&amp;amp;eacute;bauchait. Cette grosse affaire se traitait &amp;amp;agrave; voix&lt;br /&gt;
basse, et les deux t&amp;amp;ecirc;tes en travail se touchaient:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ons par trouver les noms. Quand on a les noms, on trouve le&lt;br /&gt;
sujet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est juste. Dicte. J'&amp;amp;eacute;cris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur Dorimon?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Rentier?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Sans doute.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Sa fille, C&amp;amp;eacute;lestine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;... tine. Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Le colonel Sainval.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Sainval est us&amp;amp;eacute;. Je dirais Valsin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; des aspirants vaudevillistes, un autre groupe, qui, lui aussi,&lt;br /&gt;
profitait du brouhaha pour parler bas, discutait un duel. Un vieux,&lt;br /&gt;
trente ans, conseillait un jeune, dix-huit ans, et lui expliquait &amp;amp;agrave; quel&lt;br /&gt;
adversaire il avait affaire:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Diable! m&amp;amp;eacute;fiez-vous. C'est une belle &amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;e. Son jeu est net. Il a de&lt;br /&gt;
l'attaque, pas de feintes perdues, du poignet, du p&amp;amp;eacute;tillement, de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;clair, la parade juste, et des ripostes math&amp;amp;eacute;matiques, bigre! et il&lt;br /&gt;
est gaucher.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Dans l'angle oppos&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; Grantaire, Joly et Bahorel jouaient aux dominos et&lt;br /&gt;
parlaient d'amour.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tu es heureux, toi, disait Joly. Tu as une ma&amp;amp;icirc;tresse qui rit toujours.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est une faute qu'elle fait, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondait Bahorel. La ma&amp;amp;icirc;tresse qu'on a&lt;br /&gt;
tort de rire. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a encourage &amp;amp;agrave; la tromper. La voir gaie, cela vous &amp;amp;ocirc;te le&lt;br /&gt;
remords; si on la voit triste, on se fait conscience.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ingrat! c'est si bon une femme qui rit! Et jamais vous ne vous&lt;br /&gt;
querellez!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Cela tient au trait&amp;amp;eacute; que nous avons fait. En faisant notre petite&lt;br /&gt;
sainte-alliance, nous nous sommes assign&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; chacun notre fronti&amp;amp;egrave;re que&lt;br /&gt;
nous ne d&amp;amp;eacute;passons jamais. Ce qui est situ&amp;amp;eacute; du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de bise appartient &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Vaud, du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de vent &amp;amp;agrave; Gex. De l&amp;amp;agrave; la paix.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;La paix, c'est le bonheur dig&amp;amp;eacute;rant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et toi, Jolllly, o&amp;amp;ugrave; en es-tu avec ta brouillerie avec mamselle... tu&lt;br /&gt;
sais qui je veux dire?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Elle me boude avec une patience cruelle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tu es pourtant un amoureux attendrissant de maigreur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;H&amp;amp;eacute;las!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; ta place, je la planterais l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est facile &amp;amp;agrave; dire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et &amp;amp;agrave; faire. N'est-ce pas Musichetta qu'elle s'appelle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui. Ah! mon pauvre Bahorel, c'est une fille superbe, tr&amp;amp;egrave;s litt&amp;amp;eacute;raire,&lt;br /&gt;
de petits pieds, de petites mains, se mettant bien, blanche, potel&amp;amp;eacute;e,&lt;br /&gt;
avec des yeux de tireuse de cartes. J'en suis fou.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mon cher, alors il faut lui plaire, &amp;amp;ecirc;tre &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;gant, et faire des effets&lt;br /&gt;
de rotule. Ach&amp;amp;egrave;te-moi chez Staub un bon pantalon de cuir de laine. Cela&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;ecirc;te.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; combien? cria Grantaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me coin &amp;amp;eacute;tait en proie &amp;amp;agrave; une discussion po&amp;amp;eacute;tique. La&lt;br /&gt;
mythologie pa&amp;amp;iuml;enne se gourmait avec la mythologie chr&amp;amp;eacute;tienne. Il&lt;br /&gt;
s'agissait de l'Olympe dont Jean Prouvaire, par romantisme m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, prenait&lt;br /&gt;
le parti. Jean Prouvaire n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait timide qu'au repos. Une fois excit&amp;amp;eacute;, il&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;clatait, une sorte de ga&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; accentuait son enthousiasme, et il &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
la fois riant et lyrique:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;N'insultons pas les dieux, disait-il. Les dieux ne s'en sont peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
pas all&amp;amp;eacute;s. Jupiter ne me fait point l'effet d'un mort. Les dieux sont&lt;br /&gt;
des songes, dites-vous. Eh bien, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me dans la nature, telle qu'elle est&lt;br /&gt;
aujourd'hui, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s la fuite de ces songes, on retrouve tous les grands&lt;br /&gt;
vieux mythes pa&amp;amp;iuml;ens. Telle montagne &amp;amp;agrave; profil de citadelle, comme le&lt;br /&gt;
Vignemale, par exemple, est encore pour moi la coiffure de Cyb&amp;amp;egrave;le; il ne&lt;br /&gt;
m'est pas prouv&amp;amp;eacute; que Pan ne vienne pas la nuit souffler dans le tronc&lt;br /&gt;
creux des saules, en bouchant tour &amp;amp;agrave; tour les trous avec ses doigts; et&lt;br /&gt;
j'ai toujours cru qu'Io &amp;amp;eacute;tait pour quelque chose dans la cascade de&lt;br /&gt;
Pissevache.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Dans le dernier coin, on parlait politique. On malmenait la charte&lt;br /&gt;
octroy&amp;amp;eacute;e. Combeferre la soutenait mollement, Courfeyrac la battait en&lt;br /&gt;
br&amp;amp;egrave;che &amp;amp;eacute;nergiquement. Il y avait sur la table un malencontreux&lt;br /&gt;
exemplaire de la fameuse Charte-Touquet. Courfeyrac l'avait saisie et la&lt;br /&gt;
secouait, m&amp;amp;ecirc;lant &amp;amp;agrave; ses arguments le fr&amp;amp;eacute;missement de cette feuille de&lt;br /&gt;
papier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Premi&amp;amp;egrave;rement, je ne veux pas de rois. Ne f&amp;amp;ucirc;t-ce qu'au point de vue&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;conomique, je n'en veux pas; un roi est un parasite. On n'a pas de roi&lt;br /&gt;
gratis. &amp;amp;Eacute;coutez ceci: Chert&amp;amp;eacute; des rois. À la mort de Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ois Ier, la&lt;br /&gt;
dette publique en France &amp;amp;eacute;tait de trente mille livres de rente; &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
mort de Louis XIV, elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait de deux milliards six cents millions &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
vingt-huit livres le marc, ce qui &amp;amp;eacute;quivalait en 1760, au dire de&lt;br /&gt;
Desmarets, &amp;amp;agrave; quatre milliards cinq cents millions, et ce qui&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;quivaudrait aujourd'hui &amp;amp;agrave; douze milliards. Deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;mement, n'en d&amp;amp;eacute;plaise&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; Combeferre, une charte octroy&amp;amp;eacute;e est un mauvais exp&amp;amp;eacute;dient de&lt;br /&gt;
civilisation. Sauver la transition, adoucir le passage, amortir la&lt;br /&gt;
secousse, faire passer insensiblement la nation de la monarchie &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;mocratie par la pratique des fictions constitutionnelles, d&amp;amp;eacute;testables&lt;br /&gt;
raisons que tout cela! Non! non! n'&amp;amp;eacute;clairons jamais le peuple &amp;amp;agrave; faux&lt;br /&gt;
jour. Les principes s'&amp;amp;eacute;tiolent et p&amp;amp;acirc;lissent dans votre cave&lt;br /&gt;
constitutionnelle. Pas d'ab&amp;amp;acirc;tardissement. Pas de compromis. Pas d'octroi&lt;br /&gt;
du roi au peuple. Dans tous ces octrois-l&amp;amp;agrave;, il y a un article 14. &amp;amp;Agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
de la main qui donne, il y a la griffe qui reprend. Je refuse net votre&lt;br /&gt;
charte. Une charte est un masque; le mensonge est dessous. Un peuple qui&lt;br /&gt;
accepte une charte abdique. Le droit n'est le droit qu'entier. Non! pas&lt;br /&gt;
de charte!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On &amp;amp;eacute;tait en hiver; deux b&amp;amp;ucirc;ches p&amp;amp;eacute;tillaient dans la chemin&amp;amp;eacute;e. Cela &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
tentant, et Courfeyrac n'y r&amp;amp;eacute;sista pas. Il froissa dans son poing la&lt;br /&gt;
pauvre Charte-Touquet, et la jeta au feu. Le papier flamba. Combeferre&lt;br /&gt;
regarda philosophiquement br&amp;amp;ucirc;ler le chef-d'&amp;amp;oelig;uvre de Louis XVIII, et se&lt;br /&gt;
contenta de dire:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;La charte m&amp;amp;eacute;tamorphos&amp;amp;eacute;e en flamme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Et les sarcasmes, les saillies, les quolibets, cette chose fran&amp;amp;ccedil;aise&lt;br /&gt;
qu'on appelle l'entrain, cette chose anglaise qu'on appelle l'humour, le&lt;br /&gt;
bon et le mauvais go&amp;amp;ucirc;t, les bonnes et les mauvaises raisons, toutes les&lt;br /&gt;
folles fus&amp;amp;eacute;es du dialogue, montant &amp;amp;agrave; la fois et se croisant de tous les&lt;br /&gt;
points de la salle, faisaient au-dessus des t&amp;amp;ecirc;tes une sorte de&lt;br /&gt;
bombardement joyeux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One of the conversations among the young men, at which Marius was present&lt;br /&gt;
and in which he sometimes joined, was a veritable shock to his mind.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This took place in the back room of the Cafe Musain. Nearly all the&lt;br /&gt;
Friends of the A B C had convened that evening. The argand lamp was&lt;br /&gt;
solemnly lighted. They talked of one thing and another, without passion&lt;br /&gt;
and with noise. With the exception of Enjolras and Marius, who held their&lt;br /&gt;
peace, all were haranguing rather at hap-hazard. Conversations between&lt;br /&gt;
comrades sometimes are subject to these peaceable tumults. It was a game&lt;br /&gt;
and an uproar as much as a conversation. They tossed words to each other&lt;br /&gt;
and caught them up in turn. They were chattering in all quarters.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
No woman was admitted to this back room, except Louison, the dish-washer&lt;br /&gt;
of the cafe, who passed through it from time to time, to go to her washing&lt;br /&gt;
in the &amp;quot;lavatory.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Grantaire, thoroughly drunk, was deafening the corner of which he had&lt;br /&gt;
taken possession, reasoning and contradicting at the top of his lungs, and&lt;br /&gt;
shouting:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I am thirsty. Mortals, I am dreaming: that the tun of Heidelberg has an&lt;br /&gt;
attack of apoplexy, and that I am one of the dozen leeches which will be&lt;br /&gt;
applied to it. I want a drink. I desire to forget life. Life is a hideous&lt;br /&gt;
invention of I know not whom. It lasts no time at all, and is worth&lt;br /&gt;
nothing. One breaks one's neck in living. Life is a theatre set in which&lt;br /&gt;
there are but few practicable entrances. Happiness is an antique reliquary&lt;br /&gt;
painted on one side only. Ecclesiastes says: 'All is vanity.' I agree with&lt;br /&gt;
that good man, who never existed, perhaps. Zero not wishing to go stark&lt;br /&gt;
naked, clothed himself in vanity. O vanity! The patching up of everything&lt;br /&gt;
with big words! a kitchen is a laboratory, a dancer is a professor, an&lt;br /&gt;
acrobat is a gymnast, a boxer is a pugilist, an apothecary is a chemist, a&lt;br /&gt;
wigmaker is an artist, a hodman is an architect, a jockey is a sportsman,&lt;br /&gt;
a wood-louse is a pterigybranche. Vanity has a right and a wrong side; the&lt;br /&gt;
right side is stupid, it is the negro with his glass beads; the wrong side&lt;br /&gt;
is foolish, it is the philosopher with his rags. I weep over the one and I&lt;br /&gt;
laugh over the other. What are called honors and dignities, and even&lt;br /&gt;
dignity and honor, are generally of pinchbeck. Kings make playthings of&lt;br /&gt;
human pride. Caligula made a horse a consul; Charles II. made a knight of&lt;br /&gt;
a sirloin. Wrap yourself up now, then, between Consul Incitatus and&lt;br /&gt;
Baronet Roastbeef. As for the intrinsic value of people, it is no longer&lt;br /&gt;
respectable in the least. Listen to the panegyric which neighbor makes of&lt;br /&gt;
neighbor. White on white is ferocious; if the lily could speak, what a&lt;br /&gt;
setting down it would give the dove! A bigoted woman prating of a devout&lt;br /&gt;
woman is more venomous than the asp and the cobra. It is a shame that I am&lt;br /&gt;
ignorant, otherwise I would quote to you a mass of things; but I know&lt;br /&gt;
nothing. For instance, I have always been witty; when I was a pupil of&lt;br /&gt;
Gros, instead of daubing wretched little pictures, I passed my time in&lt;br /&gt;
pilfering apples; rapin[[24]] is the masculine of rapine. So much for myself; as&lt;br /&gt;
for the rest of you, you are worth no more than I am. I scoff at your&lt;br /&gt;
perfections, excellencies, and qualities. Every good quality tends towards&lt;br /&gt;
a defect; economy borders on avarice, the generous man is next door to the&lt;br /&gt;
prodigal, the brave man rubs elbows with the braggart; he who says very&lt;br /&gt;
pious says a trifle bigoted; there are just as many vices in virtue as&lt;br /&gt;
there are holes in Diogenes' cloak. Whom do you admire, the slain or the&lt;br /&gt;
slayer, Caesar or Brutus? Generally men are in favor of the slayer. Long&lt;br /&gt;
live Brutus, he has slain! There lies the virtue. Virtue, granted, but&lt;br /&gt;
madness also. There are queer spots on those great men. The Brutus who&lt;br /&gt;
killed Caesar was in love with the statue of a little boy. This statue was&lt;br /&gt;
from the hand of the Greek sculptor Strongylion, who also carved that&lt;br /&gt;
figure of an Amazon known as the Beautiful Leg, Eucnemos, which Nero&lt;br /&gt;
carried with him in his travels. This Strongylion left but two statues&lt;br /&gt;
which placed Nero and Brutus in accord. Brutus was in love with the one,&lt;br /&gt;
Nero with the other. All history is nothing but wearisome repetition. One&lt;br /&gt;
century is the plagiarist of the other. The battle of Marengo copies the&lt;br /&gt;
battle of Pydna; the Tolbiac of Clovis and the Austerlitz of Napoleon are&lt;br /&gt;
as like each other as two drops of water. I don't attach much importance&lt;br /&gt;
to victory. Nothing is so stupid as to conquer; true glory lies in&lt;br /&gt;
convincing. But try to prove something! If you are content with success,&lt;br /&gt;
what mediocrity, and with conquering, what wretchedness! Alas, vanity and&lt;br /&gt;
cowardice everywhere. Everything obeys success, even grammar. Si volet&lt;br /&gt;
usus, says Horace. Therefore I disdain the human race. Shall we descend to&lt;br /&gt;
the party at all? Do you wish me to begin admiring the peoples? What&lt;br /&gt;
people, if you please? Shall it be Greece? The Athenians, those Parisians&lt;br /&gt;
of days gone by, slew Phocion, as we might say Coligny, and fawned upon&lt;br /&gt;
tyrants to such an extent that Anacephorus said of Pisistratus: &amp;quot;His urine&lt;br /&gt;
attracts the bees.&amp;quot; The most prominent man in Greece for fifty years was&lt;br /&gt;
that grammarian Philetas, who was so small and so thin that he was obliged&lt;br /&gt;
to load his shoes with lead in order not to be blown away by the wind.&lt;br /&gt;
There stood on the great square in Corinth a statue carved by Silanion and&lt;br /&gt;
catalogued by Pliny; this statue represented Episthates. What did&lt;br /&gt;
Episthates do? He invented a trip. That sums up Greece and glory. Let us&lt;br /&gt;
pass on to others. Shall I admire England? Shall I admire France? France?&lt;br /&gt;
Why? Because of Paris? I have just told you my opinion of Athens. England?&lt;br /&gt;
Why? Because of London? I hate Carthage. And then, London, the metropolis&lt;br /&gt;
of luxury, is the headquarters of wretchedness. There are a hundred deaths&lt;br /&gt;
a year of hunger in the parish of Charing-Cross alone. Such is Albion. I&lt;br /&gt;
add, as the climax, that I have seen an Englishwoman dancing in a wreath&lt;br /&gt;
of roses and blue spectacles. A fig then for England! If I do not admire&lt;br /&gt;
John Bull, shall I admire Brother Jonathan? I have but little taste for&lt;br /&gt;
that slave-holding brother. Take away Time is money, what remains of&lt;br /&gt;
England? Take away Cotton is king, what remains of America? Germany is the&lt;br /&gt;
lymph, Italy is the bile. Shall we go into ecstasies over Russia? Voltaire&lt;br /&gt;
admired it. He also admired China. I admit that Russia has its beauties,&lt;br /&gt;
among others, a stout despotism; but I pity the despots. Their health is&lt;br /&gt;
delicate. A decapitated Alexis, a poignarded Peter, a strangled Paul,&lt;br /&gt;
another Paul crushed flat with kicks, divers Ivans strangled, with their&lt;br /&gt;
throats cut, numerous Nicholases and Basils poisoned, all this indicates&lt;br /&gt;
that the palace of the Emperors of Russia is in a condition of flagrant&lt;br /&gt;
insalubrity. All civilized peoples offer this detail to the admiration of&lt;br /&gt;
the thinker; war; now, war, civilized war, exhausts and sums up all the&lt;br /&gt;
forms of ruffianism, from the brigandage of the Trabuceros in the gorges&lt;br /&gt;
of Mont Jaxa to the marauding of the Comanche Indians in the Doubtful&lt;br /&gt;
Pass. 'Bah!' you will say to me, 'but Europe is certainly better than&lt;br /&gt;
Asia?' I admit that Asia is a farce; but I do not precisely see what you&lt;br /&gt;
find to laugh at in the Grand Lama, you peoples of the west, who have&lt;br /&gt;
mingled with your fashions and your elegances all the complicated filth of&lt;br /&gt;
majesty, from the dirty chemise of Queen Isabella to the chamber-chair of&lt;br /&gt;
the Dauphin. Gentlemen of the human race, I tell you, not a bit of it! It&lt;br /&gt;
is at Brussels that the most beer is consumed, at Stockholm the most&lt;br /&gt;
brandy, at Madrid the most chocolate, at Amsterdam the most gin, at London&lt;br /&gt;
the most wine, at Constantinople the most coffee, at Paris the most&lt;br /&gt;
absinthe; there are all the useful notions. Paris carries the day, in&lt;br /&gt;
short. In Paris, even the rag-pickers are sybarites; Diogenes would have&lt;br /&gt;
loved to be a rag-picker of the Place Maubert better than to be a&lt;br /&gt;
philosopher at the Piraeus. Learn this in addition; the wineshops of the&lt;br /&gt;
ragpickers are called bibines; the most celebrated are the Saucepan and&lt;br /&gt;
The Slaughter-House. Hence, tea-gardens, goguettes, caboulots, bouibuis,&lt;br /&gt;
mastroquets, bastringues, manezingues, bibines of the rag-pickers,&lt;br /&gt;
caravanseries of the caliphs, I certify to you, I am a voluptuary, I eat&lt;br /&gt;
at Richard's at forty sous a head, I must have Persian carpets to roll&lt;br /&gt;
naked Cleopatra in! Where is Cleopatra? Ah! So it is you, Louison. Good&lt;br /&gt;
day.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Thus did Grantaire, more than intoxicated, launch into speech, catching at&lt;br /&gt;
the dish-washer in her passage, from his corner in the back room of the&lt;br /&gt;
Cafe Musain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Bossuet, extending his hand towards him, tried to impose silence on him,&lt;br /&gt;
and Grantaire began again worse than ever:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Aigle de Meaux, down with your paws. You produce on me no effect with&lt;br /&gt;
your gesture of Hippocrates refusing Artaxerxes' bric-a-brac. I excuse you&lt;br /&gt;
from the task of soothing me. Moreover, I am sad. What do you wish me to&lt;br /&gt;
say to you? Man is evil, man is deformed; the butterfly is a success, man&lt;br /&gt;
is a failure. God made a mistake with that animal. A crowd offers a choice&lt;br /&gt;
of ugliness. The first comer is a wretch, Femme&amp;amp;mdash;woman&amp;amp;mdash;rhymes&lt;br /&gt;
with infame,&amp;amp;mdash;infamous. Yes, I have the spleen, complicated with&lt;br /&gt;
melancholy, with homesickness, plus hypochondria, and I am vexed and I&lt;br /&gt;
rage, and I yawn, and I am bored, and I am tired to death, and I am&lt;br /&gt;
stupid! Let God go to the devil!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Silence then, capital R!&amp;quot; resumed Bossuet, who was discussing a point of&lt;br /&gt;
law behind the scenes, and who was plunged more than waist high in a&lt;br /&gt;
phrase of judicial slang, of which this is the conclusion:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;And as for me, although I am hardly a legist, and at the most, an&lt;br /&gt;
amateur attorney, I maintain this: that, in accordance with the terms of&lt;br /&gt;
the customs of Normandy, at Saint-Michel, and for each year, an equivalent&lt;br /&gt;
must be paid to the profit of the lord of the manor, saving the rights of&lt;br /&gt;
others, and by all and several, the proprietors as well as those seized&lt;br /&gt;
with inheritance, and that, for all emphyteuses, leases, freeholds,&lt;br /&gt;
contracts of domain, mortgages&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Echo, plaintive nymph,&amp;quot; hummed Grantaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Near Grantaire, an almost silent table, a sheet of paper, an inkstand and&lt;br /&gt;
a pen between two glasses of brandy, announced that a vaudeville was being&lt;br /&gt;
sketched out.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This great affair was being discussed in a low voice, and the two heads at&lt;br /&gt;
work touched each other: &amp;quot;Let us begin by finding names. When one has the&lt;br /&gt;
names, one finds the subject.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is true. Dictate. I will write.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur Dorimon.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;An independent gentleman?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Of course.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;His daughter, Celestine.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;tine. What next?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Colonel Sainval.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sainval is stale. I should say Valsin.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Beside the vaudeville aspirants, another group, which was also taking&lt;br /&gt;
advantage of the uproar to talk low, was discussing a duel. An old fellow&lt;br /&gt;
of thirty was counselling a young one of eighteen, and explaining to him&lt;br /&gt;
what sort of an adversary he had to deal with.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The deuce! Look out for yourself. He is a fine swordsman. His play is&lt;br /&gt;
neat. He has the attack, no wasted feints, wrist, dash, lightning, a just&lt;br /&gt;
parade, mathematical parries, bigre! and he is left-handed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In the angle opposite Grantaire, Joly and Bahorel were playing dominoes,&lt;br /&gt;
and talking of love.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You are in luck, that you are,&amp;quot; Joly was saying. &amp;quot;You have a mistress who&lt;br /&gt;
is always laughing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is a fault of hers,&amp;quot; returned Bahorel. &amp;quot;One's mistress does wrong to&lt;br /&gt;
laugh. That encourages one to deceive her. To see her gay removes your&lt;br /&gt;
remorse; if you see her sad, your conscience pricks you.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ingrate! a woman who laughs is such a good thing! And you never quarrel!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is because of the treaty which we have made. On forming our little&lt;br /&gt;
Holy Alliance we assigned ourselves each our frontier, which we never&lt;br /&gt;
cross. What is situated on the side of winter belongs to Vaud, on the side&lt;br /&gt;
of the wind to Gex. Hence the peace.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Peace is happiness digesting.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And you, Jolllly, where do you stand in your entanglement with Mamselle&amp;amp;mdash;you&lt;br /&gt;
know whom I mean?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;She sulks at me with cruel patience.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yet you are a lover to soften the heart with gauntness.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Alas!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In your place, I would let her alone.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is easy enough to say.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And to do. Is not her name Musichetta?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes. Ah! my poor Bahorel, she is a superb girl, very literary, with tiny&lt;br /&gt;
feet, little hands, she dresses well, and is white and dimpled, with the&lt;br /&gt;
eyes of a fortune-teller. I am wild over her.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;My dear fellow, then in order to please her, you must be elegant, and&lt;br /&gt;
produce effects with your knees. Buy a good pair of trousers of&lt;br /&gt;
double-milled cloth at Staub's. That will assist.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;At what price?&amp;quot; shouted Grantaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The third corner was delivered up to a poetical discussion. Pagan&lt;br /&gt;
mythology was giving battle to Christian mythology. The question was about&lt;br /&gt;
Olympus, whose part was taken by Jean Prouvaire, out of pure romanticism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Jean Prouvaire was timid only in repose. Once excited, he burst forth, a&lt;br /&gt;
sort of mirth accentuated his enthusiasm, and he was at once both laughing&lt;br /&gt;
and lyric.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Let us not insult the gods,&amp;quot; said he. &amp;quot;The gods may not have taken their&lt;br /&gt;
departure. Jupiter does not impress me as dead. The gods are dreams, you&lt;br /&gt;
say. Well, even in nature, such as it is to-day, after the flight of these&lt;br /&gt;
dreams, we still find all the grand old pagan myths. Such and such a&lt;br /&gt;
mountain with the profile of a citadel, like the Vignemale, for example,&lt;br /&gt;
is still to me the headdress of Cybele; it has not been proved to me that&lt;br /&gt;
Pan does not come at night to breathe into the hollow trunks of the&lt;br /&gt;
willows, stopping up the holes in turn with his fingers, and I have always&lt;br /&gt;
believed that Io had something to do with the cascade of Pissevache.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In the last corner, they were talking politics. The Charter which had been&lt;br /&gt;
granted was getting roughly handled. Combeferre was upholding it weakly.&lt;br /&gt;
Courfeyrac was energetically making a breach in it. On the table lay an&lt;br /&gt;
unfortunate copy of the famous Touquet Charter. Courfeyrac had seized it,&lt;br /&gt;
and was brandishing it, mingling with his arguments the rattling of this&lt;br /&gt;
sheet of paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In the first place, I won't have any kings; if it were only from an&lt;br /&gt;
economical point of view, I don't want any; a king is a parasite. One does&lt;br /&gt;
not have kings gratis. Listen to this: the dearness of kings. At the death&lt;br /&gt;
of Francois I., the national debt of France amounted to an income of&lt;br /&gt;
thirty thousand livres; at the death of Louis XIV. it was two milliards,&lt;br /&gt;
six hundred millions, at twenty-eight livres the mark, which was&lt;br /&gt;
equivalent in 1760, according to Desmarets, to four milliards, five&lt;br /&gt;
hundred millions, which would to-day be equivalent to twelve milliards. In&lt;br /&gt;
the second place, and no offence to Combeferre, a charter granted is but a&lt;br /&gt;
poor expedient of civilization. To save the transition, to soften the&lt;br /&gt;
passage, to deaden the shock, to cause the nation to pass insensibly from&lt;br /&gt;
the monarchy to democracy by the practice of constitutional fictions,&amp;amp;mdash;what&lt;br /&gt;
detestable reasons all those are! No! no! let us never enlighten the&lt;br /&gt;
people with false daylight. Principles dwindle and pale in your&lt;br /&gt;
constitutional cellar. No illegitimacy, no compromise, no grant from the&lt;br /&gt;
king to the people. In all such grants there is an Article 14. By the side&lt;br /&gt;
of the hand which gives there is the claw which snatches back. I refuse&lt;br /&gt;
your charter point-blank. A charter is a mask; the lie lurks beneath it. A&lt;br /&gt;
people which accepts a charter abdicates. The law is only the law when&lt;br /&gt;
entire. No! no charter!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It was winter; a couple of fagots were crackling in the fireplace. This&lt;br /&gt;
was tempting, and Courfeyrac could not resist. He crumpled the poor&lt;br /&gt;
Touquet Charter in his fist, and flung it in the fire. The paper flashed&lt;br /&gt;
up. Combeferre watched the masterpiece of Louis XVIII. burn&lt;br /&gt;
philosophically, and contented himself with saying:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The charter metamorphosed into flame.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
And sarcasms, sallies, jests, that French thing which is called entrain,&lt;br /&gt;
and that English thing which is called humor, good and bad taste, good and&lt;br /&gt;
bad reasons, all the wild pyrotechnics of dialogue, mounting together and&lt;br /&gt;
crossing from all points of the room, produced a sort of merry bombardment&lt;br /&gt;
over their heads.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_7/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188570</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 7/Chapter 3</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_7/Chapter_3&amp;diff=188570"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:46:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 146.185.234.48 (talk) to last revision by Smirli&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book seventh: The Champmathieu Affair, Chapter 3: A Tempest in a Skull&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre septi&amp;amp;egrave;me: L'affaire Champmathieu, Chapitre 3: Une tempête sous un crâne)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le lecteur a sans doute deviné que M. Madeleine n'est autre que Jean Valjean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nous avons déjà regardé dans les profondeurs de cette conscience; le moment est venu d'y regarder encore. Nous ne le faisons pas sans émotion et sans tremblement. Il n'existe rien de plus terrifiant que cette sorte de contemplation. L'œil de l'esprit ne peut trouver nulle part plus d'éblouissements ni plus de ténèbres que dans l'homme; il ne peut se fixer sur aucune chose qui soit plus redoutable, plus compliquée, plus mystérieuse et plus infinie. Il y a un spectacle plus grand que la mer, c'est le ciel; il y a un spectacle plus grand que le ciel, c'est l'intérieur de l'âme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Faire le poème de la conscience humaine, ne fût-ce qu'à propos d'un seul homme, ne fût-ce qu'à propos du plus infime des hommes, ce serait fondre toutes les épopées dans une épopée supérieure et définitive. La conscience, c'est le chaos des chimères, des convoitises et des tentatives, la fournaise des rêves, l'antre des idées dont on a honte; c'est le pandémonium des sophismes, c'est le champ de bataille des passions. À de certaines heures, pénétrez à travers la face livide d'un être humain qui réfléchit, et regardez derrière, regardez dans cette âme, regardez dans cette obscurité. Il y a là, sous le silence extérieur, des combats de géants comme dans Homère, des mêlées de dragons et d'hydres et des nuées de fantômes comme dans Milton, des spirales visionnaires comme chez Dante. Chose sombre que cet infini que tout homme porte en soi et auquel il mesure avec désespoir les volontés de son cerveau et les actions de sa vie!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alighieri rencontra un jour une sinistre porte devant laquelle il hésita. En voici une aussi devant nous, au seuil de laquelle nous hésitons. Entrons pourtant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nous n'avons que peu de chose à ajouter à ce que le lecteur connaît déjà de ce qui était arrivé à Jean Valjean depuis l'aventure de Petit-Gervais. À partir de ce moment, on l'a vu, il fut un autre homme. Ce que l'évêque avait voulu faire de lui, il l'exécuta. Ce fut plus qu'une transformation, ce fut une transfiguration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il réussit à disparaître, vendit l'argenterie de l'évêque, ne gardant que les flambeaux, comme souvenir, se glissa de ville en ville, traversa la France, vint à Montreuil-sur-mer, eut l'idée que nous avons dite, accomplit ce que nous avons raconté, parvint à se faire insaisissable et inaccessible, et désormais, établi à Montreuil-sur-mer, heureux de sentir sa conscience attristée par son passé et la première moitié de son existence démentie par la dernière, il vécut paisible, rassuré et espérant, n'ayant plus que deux pensées: cacher son nom, et sanctifier sa vie; échapper aux hommes, et revenir à Dieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces deux pensées étaient si étroitement mêlées dans son esprit qu'elles n'en formaient qu'une seule; elles étaient toutes deux également absorbantes et impérieuses, et dominaient ses moindres actions. D'ordinaire elles étaient d'accord pour régler la conduite de sa vie; elles le tournaient vers l'ombre; elles le faisaient bienveillant et simple; elles lui conseillaient les mêmes choses. Quelquefois cependant il y avait conflit entre elles. Dans ce cas-là, on s'en souvient, l'homme que tout le pays de Montreuil-sur-mer appelait M. Madeleine ne balançait pas à sacrifier la première à la seconde, sa sécurité à sa vertu. Ainsi, en dépit de toute réserve et de toute prudence, il avait gardé les chandeliers de l'évêque, porté son deuil, appelé et interrogé tous les petits savoyards qui passaient, pris des renseignements sur les familles de Faverolles, et sauvé la vie au vieux Fauchelevent, malgré les inquiétantes insinuations de Javert. Il semblait, nous l'avons déjà remarqué, qu'il pensât, à l'exemple de tous ceux qui ont été sages, saints et justes, que son premier devoir n'était pas envers lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Toutefois, il faut le dire, jamais rien de pareil ne s'était encore présenté. Jamais les deux idées qui gouvernaient le malheureux homme dont nous racontons les souffrances n'avaient engagé une lutte si sérieuse. Il le comprit confusément, mais profondément, dès les premières paroles que prononça Javert, en entrant dans son cabinet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Au moment où fut si étrangement articulé ce nom qu'il avait enseveli sous tant d'épaisseurs, il fut saisi de stupeur et comme enivré par la sinistre bizarrerie de sa destinée, et, à travers cette stupeur, il eut ce tressaillement qui précède les grandes secousses; il se courba comme un chêne à l'approche d'un orage, comme un soldat à l'approche d'un assaut. Il sentit venir sur sa tête des ombres pleines de foudres et d'éclairs. Tout en écoutant parler Javert, il eut une première pensée d'aller, de courir, de se dénoncer, de tirer ce Champmathieu de prison et de s'y mettre; cela fut douloureux et poignant comme une incision dans la chair vive, puis cela passa, et il se dit: «Voyons! voyons!» Il réprima ce premier mouvement généreux et recula devant l'héroïsme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sans doute, il serait beau qu'après les saintes paroles de l'évêque, après tant d'années de repentir et d'abnégation, au milieu d'une pénitence admirablement commencée, cet homme, même en présence d'une si terrible conjoncture, n'eût pas bronché un instant et eût continué de marcher du même pas vers ce précipice ouvert au fond duquel était le ciel; cela serait beau, mais cela ne fut pas ainsi. Il faut bien que nous rendions compte des choses qui s'accomplissaient dans cette âme, et nous ne pouvons dire que ce qui y était. Ce qui l'emporta tout d'abord, ce fut l'instinct de la conservation; il rallia en hâte ses idées, étouffa ses émotions, considéra la présence de Javert, ce grand péril, ajourna toute résolution avec la fermeté de l'épouvante, s'étourdit sur ce qu'il y avait à faire, et reprit son calme comme un lutteur ramasse son bouclier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le reste de la journée il fut dans cet état, un tourbillon au dedans, une tranquillité profonde au dehors; il ne prit que ce qu'on pourrait appeler «les mesures conservatoires». Tout était encore confus et se heurtait dans son cerveau; le trouble y était tel qu'il ne voyait distinctement la forme d'aucune idée; et lui-même n'aurait pu rien dire de lui-même, si ce n'est qu'il venait de recevoir un grand coup. Il se rendit comme d'habitude près du lit de douleur de Fantine et prolongea sa visite, par un instinct de bonté, se disant qu'il fallait agir ainsi et la bien recommander aux sœurs pour le cas où il arriverait qu'il eût à s'absenter. Il sentit vaguement qu'il faudrait peut-être aller à Arras, et, sans être le moins du monde décidé à ce voyage, il se dit qu'à l'abri de tout soupçon comme il l'était, il n'y avait point d'inconvénient à être témoin de ce qui se passerait, et il retint le tilbury de Scaufflaire, afin d'être préparé à tout événement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il dîna avec assez d'appétit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rentré dans sa chambre il se recueillit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il examina la situation et la trouva inouïe; tellement inouïe qu'au milieu de sa rêverie, par je ne sais quelle impulsion d'anxiété presque inexplicable, il se leva de sa chaise et ferma sa porte au verrou. Il craignait qu'il n'entrât encore quelque chose. Il se barricadait contre le possible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un moment après il souffla sa lumière. Elle le gênait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il lui semblait qu'on pouvait le voir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qui, on?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hélas! ce qu'il voulait mettre à la porte était entré ce qu'il voulait aveugler, le regardait. Sa conscience.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sa conscience, c'est-à-dire Dieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pourtant, dans le premier moment, il se fit illusion; il eut un sentiment de sûreté et de solitude; le verrou tiré, il se crut imprenable; la chandelle éteinte, il se sentit invisible. Alors il prit possession de lui-même; il posa ses coudes sur la table, appuya la tête sur sa main, et se mit à songer dans les ténèbres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Où en suis-je?—Est-ce que je ne rêve pas? Que m'a-t-on dit?—Est-il bien vrai que j'aie vu ce Javert et qu'il m'ait parlé ainsi?—Que peut être ce Champmathieu?—Il me ressemble donc?—Est-ce possible?—Quand je pense qu'hier j'étais si tranquille et si loin de me douter de rien!—Qu'est-ce que je faisais donc hier à pareille heure?—Qu'y a-t-il dans cet incident?—Comment se dénouera-t-il?—Que faire?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voilà dans quelle tourmente il était. Son cerveau avait perdu la force de retenir ses idées, elles passaient comme des ondes, et il prenait son front dans ses deux mains pour les arrêter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De ce tumulte qui bouleversait sa volonté et sa raison, et dont il cherchait à tirer une évidence et une résolution, rien ne se dégageait que l'angoisse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sa tête était brûlante. Il alla à la fenêtre et l'ouvrit toute grande. Il n'y avait pas d'étoiles au ciel. Il revint s'asseoir près de la table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La première heure s'écoula ainsi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Peu à peu cependant des linéaments vagues commencèrent à se former et à se fixer dans sa méditation, et il put entrevoir avec la précision de la réalité, non l'ensemble de la situation, mais quelques détails.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il commença par reconnaître que, si extraordinaire et si critique que fût cette situation, il en était tout à fait le maître.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sa stupeur ne fit que s'en accroître.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Indépendamment du but sévère et religieux que se proposaient ses actions, tout ce qu'il avait fait jusqu'à ce jour n'était autre chose qu'un trou qu'il creusait pour y enfouir son nom. Ce qu'il avait toujours le plus redouté, dans ses heures de repli sur lui-même, dans ses nuits d'insomnie, c'était d'entendre jamais prononcer ce nom; il se disait que ce serait là pour lui la fin de tout; que le jour où ce nom reparaîtrait, il ferait évanouir autour de lui sa vie nouvelle, et qui sait même peut-être? au dedans de lui sa nouvelle âme. Il frémissait de la seule pensée que c'était possible. Certes, si quelqu'un lui eût dit en ces moments-là qu'une heure viendrait où ce nom retentirait à son oreille, où ce hideux mot, Jean Valjean, sortirait tout à coup de la nuit et se dresserait devant lui, où cette lumière formidable faite pour dissiper le mystère dont il s'enveloppait resplendirait subitement sur sa tête; et que ce nom ne le menacerait pas, que cette lumière ne produirait qu'une obscurité plus épaisse, que ce voile déchiré accroîtrait le mystère; que ce tremblement de terre consoliderait son édifice, que ce prodigieux incident n'aurait d'autre résultat, si bon lui semblait, à lui, que de rendre son existence à la fois plus claire et plus impénétrable, et que, de sa confrontation avec le fantôme de Jean Valjean, le bon et digne bourgeois monsieur Madeleine sortirait plus honoré, plus paisible et plus respecté que jamais,—si quelqu'un lui eût dit cela, il eût hoché la tête et regardé ces paroles comme insensées. Eh bien! tout cela venait précisément d'arriver, tout cet entassement de l'impossible était un fait, et Dieu avait permis que ces choses folles devinssent des choses réelles!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sa rêverie continuait de s'éclaircir. Il se rendait de plus en plus compte de sa position. Il lui semblait qu'il venait de s'éveiller de je ne sais quel sommeil, et qu'il se trouvait glissant sur une pente au milieu de la nuit, debout, frissonnant, reculant en vain, sur le bord extrême d'un abîme. Il entrevoyait distinctement dans l'ombre un inconnu, un étranger, que la destinée prenait pour lui et poussait dans le gouffre à sa place. Il fallait, pour que le gouffre se refermât, que quelqu'un y tombât, lui ou l'autre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il n'avait qu'à laisser faire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La clarté devint complète, et il s'avoua ceci:—Que sa place était vide aux galères, qu'il avait beau faire, qu'elle l'y attendait toujours, que le vol de Petit-Gervais l'y ramenait, que cette place vide l'attendrait et l'attirerait jusqu'à ce qu'il y fût, que cela était inévitable et fatal.—Et puis il se dit:—Qu'en ce moment il avait un remplaçant, qu'il paraissait qu'un nommé Champmathieu avait cette mauvaise chance, et que, quant à lui, présent désormais au bagne dans la personne de ce Champmathieu, présent dans la société sous le nom de M. Madeleine, il n'avait plus rien à redouter, pourvu qu'il n'empêchât pas les hommes de sceller sur la tête de ce Champmathieu cette pierre de l'infamie qui, comme la pierre du sépulcre, tombe une fois et ne se relève jamais.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tout cela était si violent et si étrange qu'il se fit soudain en lui cette espèce de mouvement indescriptible qu'aucun homme n'éprouve plus de deux ou trois fois dans sa vie, sorte de convulsion de la conscience qui remue tout ce que le cœur a de douteux, qui se compose d'ironie, de joie et de désespoir, et qu'on pourrait appeler un éclat de rire intérieur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il ralluma brusquement sa bougie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Eh bien quoi! se dit-il, de quoi est-ce que j'ai peur? qu'est-ce que j'ai à songer comme cela? Me voilà sauvé. Tout est fini. Je n'avais plus qu'une porte entr'ouverte par laquelle mon passé pouvait faire irruption dans ma vie; cette porte, la voilà murée! à jamais! Ce Javert qui me trouble depuis si longtemps, ce redoutable instinct qui semblait m'avoir deviné, qui m'avait deviné, pardieu! et qui me suivait partout, cet affreux chien de chasse toujours en arrêt sur moi, le voilà dérouté, occupé ailleurs, absolument dépisté! Il est satisfait désormais, il me laissera tranquille, il tient son Jean Valjean! Qui sait même, il est probable qu'il voudra quitter la ville! Et tout cela s'est fait sans moi! Et je n'y suis pour rien! Ah çà, mais! qu'est-ce qu'il y a de malheureux dans ceci? Des gens qui me verraient, parole d'honneur! croiraient qu'il m'est arrivé une catastrophe! Après tout, s'il y a du mal pour quelqu'un, ce n'est aucunement de ma faute. C'est la providence qui a tout fait. C'est qu'elle veut cela apparemment!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ai-je le droit de déranger ce qu'elle arrange? Qu'est-ce que je demande à présent? De quoi est-ce que je vais me mêler? Cela ne me regarde pas. Comment! je ne suis pas content! Mais qu'est-ce qu'il me faut donc? Le but auquel j'aspire depuis tant d'années, le songe de mes nuits, l'objet de mes prières au ciel, la sécurité, je l'atteins! C'est Dieu qui le veut. Je n'ai rien à faire contre la volonté de Dieu. Et pourquoi Dieu le veut-il? Pour que je continue ce que j'ai commencé, pour que je fasse le bien, pour que je sois un jour un grand et encourageant exemple, pour qu'il soit dit qu'il y a eu enfin un peu de bonheur attaché à cette pénitence que j'ai subie et à cette vertu où je suis revenu! Vraiment je ne comprends pas pourquoi j'ai eu peur tantôt d'entrer chez ce brave curé et de tout lui raconter comme à un confesseur, et de lui demander conseil, c'est évidemment là ce qu'il m'aurait dit. C'est décidé, laissons aller les choses! laissons faire le bon Dieu!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se parlait ainsi dans les profondeurs de sa conscience, penché sur ce qu'on pourrait appeler son propre abîme. Il se leva de sa chaise, et se mit à marcher dans la chambre.—Allons, dit-il, n'y pensons plus. Voilà une résolution prise!—Mais il ne sentit aucune joie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Au contraire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On n'empêche pas plus la pensée de revenir à une idée que la mer de revenir à un rivage. Pour le matelot, cela s'appelle la marée; pour le coupable, cela s'appelle le remords. Dieu soulève l'âme comme l'océan.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Au bout de peu d'instants, il eut beau faire, il reprit ce sombre dialogue dans lequel c'était lui qui parlait et lui qui écoutait, disant ce qu'il eût voulu taire, écoutant ce qu'il n'eût pas voulu entendre, cédant à cette puissance mystérieuse qui lui disait: pense! comme elle disait il y a deux mille ans à un autre condamné, marche!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Avant d'aller plus loin et pour être pleinement compris, insistons sur une observation nécessaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il est certain qu'on se parle à soi-même, il n'est pas un être pensant qui ne l'ait éprouvé. On peut dire même que le verbe n'est jamais un plus magnifique mystère que lorsqu'il va, dans l'intérieur d'un homme, de la pensée à la conscience et qu'il retourne de la conscience à la pensée. C'est dans ce sens seulement qu'il faut entendre les mots souvent employés dans ce chapitre, il dit, il s'écria. On se dit, on se parle, on s'écrie en soi-même, sans que le silence extérieur soit rompu. Il y a un grand tumulte; tout parle en nous, excepté la bouche. Les réalités de l'âme, pour n'être point visibles et palpables, n'en sont pas moins des réalités.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se demanda donc où il en était. Il s'interrogea sur cette «résolution prise». Il se confessa à lui-même que tout ce qu'il venait d'arranger dans son esprit était monstrueux, que «laisser aller les choses, laisser faire le bon Dieu», c'était tout simplement horrible. Laisser s'accomplir cette méprise de la destinée et des hommes, ne pas l'empêcher, s'y prêter par son silence, ne rien faire enfin, c'était faire tout! c'était le dernier degré de l'indignité hypocrite! c'était un crime bas, lâche, sournois, abject, hideux!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pour la première fois depuis huit années, le malheureux homme venait de sentir la saveur amère d'une mauvaise pensée et d'une mauvaise action.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il la recracha avec dégoût.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il continua de se questionner. Il se demanda sévèrement ce qu'il avait entendu par ceci: &amp;quot;Mon but est atteint!&amp;quot; Il se déclara que sa vie avait un but en effet. Mais quel but? cacher son nom? tromper la police? Était-ce pour une chose si petite qu'il avait fait tout ce qu'il avait fait? Est-ce qu'il n'avait pas un autre but, qui était le grand, qui était le vrai? Sauver, non sa personne, mais son âme. Redevenir honnête et bon. Être un juste! est-ce que ce n'était pas là surtout, là uniquement, ce qu'il avait toujours voulu, ce que l'évêque lui avait ordonné?—Fermer la porte à son passé? Mais il ne la fermait pas, grand Dieu! il la rouvrait en faisant une action infâme! mais il redevenait un voleur, et le plus odieux des voleurs! il volait à un autre son existence, sa vie, sa paix, sa place au soleil! il devenait un assassin! il tuait, il tuait moralement un misérable homme, il lui infligeait cette affreuse mort vivante, cette mort à ciel ouvert, qu'on appelle le bagne! Au contraire, se livrer, sauver cet homme frappé d'une si lugubre erreur, reprendre son nom, redevenir par devoir le forçat Jean Valjean, c'était là vraiment achever sa résurrection, et fermer à jamais l'enfer d'où il sortait! Y retomber en apparence, c'était en sortir en réalité! Il fallait faire cela! il n'avait rien fait s'il ne faisait pas cela! toute sa vie était inutile, toute sa pénitence était perdue, et il n'y avait plus qu'à dire: à quoi bon? Il sentait que l'évêque était là, que l'évêque était d'autant plus présent qu'il était mort, que l'évêque le regardait fixement, que désormais le maire Madeleine avec toutes ses vertus lui serait abominable, et que le galérien Jean Valjean serait admirable et pur devant lui. Que les hommes voyaient son masque, mais que l'évêque voyait sa face. Que les hommes voyaient sa vie, mais que l'évêque voyait sa conscience. Il fallait donc aller à Arras, délivrer le faux Jean Valjean, dénoncer le véritable! Hélas! c'était là le plus grand des sacrifices, la plus poignante des victoires, le dernier pas à franchir; mais il le fallait. Douloureuse destinée! il n'entrerait dans la sainteté aux yeux de Dieu que s'il rentrait dans l'infamie aux yeux des hommes!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Eh bien, dit-il, prenons ce parti! faisons notre devoir! sauvons cet homme!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il prononça ces paroles à haute voix, sans s'apercevoir qu'il parlait tout haut.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il prit ses livres, les vérifia et les mit en ordre. Il jeta au feu une liasse de créances qu'il avait sur de petits commerçants gênés. Il écrivit une lettre qu'il cacheta et sur l'enveloppe de laquelle on aurait pu lire, s'il y avait eu quelqu'un dans sa chambre en cet instant: À Monsieur Laffitte, banquier, rue d'Artois, à Paris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il tira d'un secrétaire un portefeuille qui contenait quelques billets de banque et le passeport dont il s'était servi cette même année pour aller aux élections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qui l'eût vu pendant qu'il accomplissait ces divers actes auxquels se mêlait une méditation si grave, ne se fût pas douté de ce qui se passait en lui. Seulement par moments ses lèvres remuaient; dans d'autres instants il relevait la tête et fixait son regard sur un point quelconque de la muraille, comme s'il y avait précisément là quelque chose qu'il voulait éclaircir ou interroger.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La lettre à M. Laffitte terminée, il la mit dans sa poche ainsi que le portefeuille, et recommença à marcher.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sa rêverie n'avait point dévié. Il continuait de voir clairement son devoir écrit en lettres lumineuses qui flamboyaient devant ses yeux et se déplaçaient avec son regard:—Va! nomme-toi! dénonce-toi!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il voyait de même, et comme si elles se fussent mues devant lui avec des formes sensibles, les deux idées qui avaient été jusque-là la double règle de sa vie: cacher son nom, sanctifier son âme. Pour la première fois, elles lui apparaissaient absolument distinctes, et il voyait la différence qui les séparait. Il reconnaissait que l'une de ces idées était nécessairement bonne, tandis que l'autre pouvait devenir mauvaise; que celle-là était le dévouement et que celle-ci était la personnalité; que l'une disait: le prochain, et que l'autre disait: moi; que l'une venait de la lumière et que l'autre venait de la nuit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elles se combattaient, il les voyait se combattre. À mesure qu'il songeait, elles avaient grandi devant l'œil de son esprit; elles avaient maintenant des statures colossales; et il lui semblait qu'il voyait lutter au dedans de lui-même, dans cet infini dont nous parlions tout à l'heure, au milieu des obscurités et des lueurs, une déesse et une géante.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il était plein d'épouvante, mais il lui semblait que la bonne pensée l'emportait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il sentait qu'il touchait à l'autre moment décisif de sa conscience et de sa destinée; que l'évêque avait marqué la première phase de sa vie nouvelle, et que ce Champmathieu en marquait la seconde. Après la grande crise, la grande épreuve.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cependant la fièvre, un instant apaisée, lui revenait peu à peu. Mille pensées le traversaient, mais elles continuaient de le fortifier dans sa résolution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un moment il s'était dit:—qu'il prenait peut-être la chose trop vivement, qu'après tout ce Champmathieu n'était pas intéressant, qu'en somme il avait volé.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se répondit:—Si cet homme a en effet volé quelques pommes, c'est un mois de prison. Il y a loin de là aux galères. Et qui sait même? a-t-il volé? est-ce prouvé? Le nom de Jean Valjean l'accable et semble dispenser de preuves. Les procureurs du roi n'agissent-ils pas habituellement ainsi? On le croit voleur, parce qu'on le sait forçat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dans un autre instant, cette idée lui vint que, lorsqu'il se serait dénoncé, peut-être on considérerait l'héroïsme de son action, et sa vie honnête depuis sept ans, et ce qu'il avait fait pour le pays, et qu'on lui ferait grâce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mais cette supposition s'évanouit bien vite, et il sourit amèrement en songeant que le vol des quarante sous à Petit-Gervais le faisait récidiviste, que cette affaire reparaîtrait certainement et, aux termes précis de la loi, le ferait passible des travaux forcés à perpétuité.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se détourna de toute illusion, se détacha de plus en plus de la terre et chercha la consolation et la force ailleurs. Il se dit qu'il fallait faire son devoir; que peut-être même ne serait-il pas plus malheureux après avoir fait son devoir qu'après l'avoir éludé; que s'il laissait faire, s'il restait à Montreuil-sur-mer, sa considération, sa bonne renommée, ses bonnes œuvres, la déférence, la vénération, sa charité, sa richesse, sa popularité, sa vertu, seraient assaisonnées d'un crime; et quel goût auraient toutes ces choses saintes liées à cette chose hideuse! tandis que, s'il accomplissait son sacrifice, au bagne, au poteau, au carcan, au bonnet vert, au travail sans relâche, à la honte sans pitié, il se mêlerait une idée céleste!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Enfin il se dit qu'il y avait nécessité, que sa destinée était ainsi faite, qu'il n'était pas maître de déranger les arrangements d'en haut, que dans tous les cas il fallait choisir: ou la vertu au dehors et l'abomination au dedans, ou la sainteté au dedans et l'infamie au dehors.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
À remuer tant d'idées lugubres, son courage ne défaillait pas, mais son cerveau se fatiguait. Il commençait à penser malgré lui à d'autres choses, à des choses indifférentes. Ses artères battaient violemment dans ses tempes. Il allait et venait toujours. Minuit sonna d'abord à la paroisse, puis à la maison de ville. Il compta les douze coups aux deux horloges, et il compara le son des deux cloches. Il se rappela à cette occasion que quelques jours auparavant il avait vu chez un marchand de ferrailles une vieille cloche à vendre sur laquelle ce nom était écrit: Antoine Albin de Romainville.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il avait froid. Il alluma un peu de feu. Il ne songea pas à fermer la fenêtre.&lt;br /&gt;
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Cependant il était retombé dans sa stupeur. Il lui fallait faire un assez grand effort pour se rappeler à quoi il songeait avant que minuit sonnât. Il y parvint enfin.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Ah! oui, se dit-il, j'avais pris la résolution de me dénoncer.&lt;br /&gt;
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Et puis tout à coup il pensa à la Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
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—Tiens! dit-il, et cette pauvre femme!&lt;br /&gt;
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Ici une crise nouvelle se déclara.&lt;br /&gt;
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Fantine, apparaissant brusquement dans sa rêverie, y fut comme un rayon d'une lumière inattendue. Il lui sembla que tout changeait d'aspect autour de lui, il s'écria:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Ah çà, mais! jusqu'ici je n'ai considéré que moi! je n'ai eu égard qu'à ma convenance! Il me convient de me taire ou de me dénoncer,—cacher ma personne ou sauver mon âme,—être un magistrat méprisable et respecté ou un galérien infâme et vénérable, c'est moi, c'est toujours moi, ce n'est que moi! Mais, mon Dieu, c'est de l'égoïsme tout cela! Ce sont des formes diverses de l'égoïsme, mais c'est de l'égoïsme! Si je songeais un peu aux autres? La première sainteté est de penser à autrui. Voyons, examinons. Moi excepté, moi effacé, moi oublié, qu'arrivera-t-il de tout ceci?—Si je me dénonce? on me prend. On lâche ce Champmathieu, on me remet aux galères, c'est bien. Et puis? Que se passe-t-il ici? Ah! ici, il y a un pays, une ville, des fabriques, une industrie, des ouvriers, des hommes, des femmes, des vieux grands-pères, des enfants, des pauvres gens! J'ai créé tout ceci, je fais vivre tout cela; partout où il y a une cheminée qui fume, c'est moi qui ai mis le tison dans le feu et la viande dans la marmite; j'ai fait l'aisance, la circulation, le crédit; avant moi il n'y avait rien; j'ai relevé, vivifié, animé, fécondé, stimulé, enrichi tout le pays; moi de moins, c'est l'âme de moins. Je m'ôte, tout meurt.—Et cette femme qui a tant souffert, qui a tant de mérites dans sa chute, dont j'ai causé sans le vouloir tout le malheur! Et cet enfant que je voulais aller chercher, que j'ai promis à la mère! Est-ce que je ne dois pas aussi quelque chose à cette femme, en réparation du mal que je lui ai fait? Si je disparais, qu'arrive-t-il? La mère meurt. L'enfant devient ce qu'il peut. Voilà ce qui se passe, si je me dénonce.—Si je ne me dénonce pas? Voyons, si je ne me dénonce pas? Après s'être fait cette question, il s'arrêta; il eut comme un moment d'hésitation et de tremblement; mais ce moment dura peu, et il se répondit avec calme:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Eh bien, cet homme va aux galères, c'est vrai, mais, que diable! il a volé! J'ai beau me dire qu'il n'a pas volé, il a volé! Moi, je reste ici, je continue. Dans dix ans j'aurai gagné dix millions, je les répands dans le pays, je n'ai rien à moi, qu'est-ce que cela me fait? Ce n'est pas pour moi ce que je fais! La prospérité de tous va croissant, les industries s'éveillent et s'excitent, les manufactures et les usines se multiplient, les familles, cent familles, mille familles! sont heureuses; la contrée se peuple; il naît des villages où il n'y a que des fermes, il naît des fermes où il n'y a rien; la misère disparaît, et avec la misère disparaissent la débauche, la prostitution, le vol, le meurtre, tous les vices, tous les crimes! Et cette pauvre mère élève son enfant! et voilà tout un pays riche et honnête! Ah çà, j'étais fou, j'étais absurde, qu'est-ce que je parlais donc de me dénoncer? Il faut faire attention, vraiment, et ne rien précipiter. Quoi! parce qu'il m'aura plu de faire le grand et le généreux,—c'est du mélodrame, après tout!—parce que je n'aurai songé qu'à moi, qu'à moi seul, quoi! pour sauver d'une punition peut-être un peu exagérée, mais juste au fond, on ne sait qui, un voleur, un drôle évidemment, il faudra que tout un pays périsse! il faudra qu'une pauvre femme crève à l'hôpital! qu'une pauvre petite fille crève sur le pavé! comme des chiens! Ah! mais c'est abominable! Sans même que la mère ait revu son enfant! sans que l'enfant ait presque connu sa mère! Et tout ça pour ce vieux gredin de voleur de pommes qui, à coup sûr, a mérité les galères pour autre chose, si ce n'est pour cela! Beaux scrupules qui sauvent un coupable et qui sacrifient des innocents, qui sauvent un vieux vagabond, lequel n'a plus que quelques années à vivre au bout du compte et ne sera guère plus malheureux au bagne que dans sa masure, et qui sacrifient toute une population, mères, femmes, enfants! Cette pauvre petite Cosette qui n'a que moi au monde et qui est sans doute en ce moment toute bleue de froid dans le bouge de ces Thénardier! Voilà encore des canailles ceux-là! Et je manquerais à mes devoirs envers tous ces pauvres êtres! Et je m'en irais me dénoncer! Et je ferais cette inepte sottise! Mettons tout au pis. Supposons qu'il y ait une mauvaise action pour moi dans ceci et que ma conscience me la reproche un jour, accepter, pour le bien d'autrui, ces reproches qui ne chargent que moi, cette mauvaise action qui ne compromet que mon âme, c'est là qu'est le dévouement, c'est là qu'est la vertu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se leva, il se remit à marcher. Cette fois il lui semblait qu'il était content. On ne trouve les diamants que dans les ténèbres de la terre; on ne trouve les vérités que dans les profondeurs de la pensée. Il lui semblait qu'après être descendu dans ces profondeurs, après avoir longtemps tâtonné au plus noir de ces ténèbres, il venait enfin de trouver un de ces diamants, une de ces vérités, et qu'il la tenait dans sa main; et il s'éblouissait à la regarder.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Oui, pensa-t-il, c'est cela. Je suis dans le vrai. J'ai la solution. Il faut finir par s'en tenir à quelque chose. Mon parti est pris. Laissons faire! Ne vacillons plus, ne reculons plus. Ceci est dans l'intérêt de tous, non dans le mien. Je suis Madeleine, je reste Madeleine. Malheur à celui qui est Jean Valjean! Ce n'est plus moi. Je ne connais pas cet homme, je ne sais plus ce que c'est, s'il se trouve que quelqu'un est Jean Valjean à cette heure, qu'il s'arrange! cela ne me regarde pas. C'est un nom de fatalité qui flotte dans la nuit, s'il s'arrête et s'abat sur une tête, tant pis pour elle!&lt;br /&gt;
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Il se regarda dans le petit miroir qui était sur sa cheminée, et dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Tiens! cela m'a soulagé de prendre une résolution! Je suis tout autre à présent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il marcha encore quelques pas, puis il s'arrêta court:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Allons! dit-il, il ne faut hésiter devant aucune des conséquences de la résolution prise. Il y a encore des fils qui m'attachent à ce Jean Valjean. Il faut les briser! Il y a ici, dans cette chambre même, des objets qui m'accuseraient, des choses muettes qui seraient des témoins, c'est dit, il faut que tout cela disparaisse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il fouilla dans sa poche, en tira sa bourse, l'ouvrit, et y prit une petite clef.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il introduisit cette clef dans une serrure dont on voyait à peine le trou, perdu qu'il était dans les nuances les plus sombres du dessin qui couvrait le papier collé sur le mur. Une cachette s'ouvrit, une espèce de fausse armoire ménagée entre l'angle de la muraille et le manteau de la cheminée. Il n'y avait dans cette cachette que quelques guenilles, un sarrau de toile bleue, un vieux pantalon, un vieux havresac, et un gros bâton d'épine ferré aux deux bouts. Ceux qui avaient vu Jean Valjean à l'époque où il traversait Digne, en octobre 1815, eussent aisément reconnu toutes les pièces de ce misérable accoutrement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il les avait conservées comme il avait conservé les chandeliers d'argent, pour se rappeler toujours son point de départ. Seulement il cachait ceci qui venait du bagne, et il laissait voir les flambeaux qui venaient de l'évêque.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il jeta un regard furtif vers la porte, comme s'il eût craint qu'elle ne s'ouvrît malgré le verrou qui la fermait; puis d'un mouvement vif et brusque et d'une seule brassée, sans même donner un coup d'œil à ces choses qu'il avait si religieusement et si périlleusement gardées pendant tant d'années, il prit tout, haillons, bâton, havresac, et jeta tout au feu. Il referma la fausse armoire, et, redoublant de précautions, désormais inutiles puisqu'elle était vide, en cacha la porte derrière un gros meuble qu'il y poussa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Au bout de quelques secondes, la chambre et le mur d'en face furent éclairés d'une grande réverbération rouge et tremblante. Tout brûlait. Le bâton d'épine pétillait et jetait des étincelles jusqu'au milieu de la chambre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le havresac, en se consumant avec d'affreux chiffons qu'il contenait, avait mis à nu quelque chose qui brillait dans la cendre. En se penchant, on eût aisément reconnu une pièce d'argent. Sans doute la pièce de quarante sous volée au petit savoyard.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Lui ne regardait pas le feu et marchait, allant et venant toujours du même pas.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tout à coup ses yeux tombèrent sur les deux flambeaux d'argent que la réverbération faisait reluire vaguement sur la cheminée.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Tiens! pensa-t-il, tout Jean Valjean est encore là-dedans. Il faut aussi détruire cela.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il prit les deux flambeaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il y avait assez de feu pour qu'on pût les déformer promptement et en faire une sorte de lingot méconnaissable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se pencha sur le foyer et s'y chauffa un instant. Il eut un vrai bien-être.—La bonne chaleur! dit-il.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il remua le brasier avec un des deux chandeliers. Une minute de plus, et ils étaient dans le feu. En ce moment il lui sembla qu'il entendait une voix qui criait au dedans de lui:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Jean Valjean! Jean Valjean!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ses cheveux se dressèrent, il devint comme un homme qui écoute une chose terrible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Oui, c'est cela, achève! disait la voix. Complète ce que tu fais! détruis ces flambeaux! anéantis ce souvenir! oublie l'évêque! oublie tout! perds ce Champmathieu! va, c'est bien. Applaudis-toi! Ainsi, c'est convenu, c'est résolu, c'est dit, voilà un homme, voilà un vieillard qui ne sait ce qu'on lui veut, qui n'a rien fait peut-être, un innocent, dont ton nom fait tout le malheur, sur qui ton nom pèse comme un crime, qui va être pris pour toi, qui va être condamné, qui va finir ses jours dans l'abjection et dans l'horreur! c'est bien. Sois honnête homme, toi. Reste monsieur le maire, reste honorable et honoré, enrichis la ville, nourris des indigents, élève des orphelins, vis heureux, vertueux et admiré, et pendant ce temps-là, pendant que tu seras ici dans la joie et dans la lumière, il y aura quelqu'un qui aura ta casaque rouge, qui portera ton nom dans l'ignominie et qui traînera ta chaîne au bagne! Oui, c'est bien arrangé ainsi! Ah! misérable!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La sueur lui coulait du front. Il attachait sur les flambeaux un œil hagard. Cependant ce qui parlait en lui n'avait pas fini. La voix continuait:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Jean Valjean! il y aura autour de toi beaucoup de voix qui feront un grand bruit, qui parleront bien haut, et qui te béniront, et une seule que personne n'entendra et qui te maudira dans les ténèbres. Eh bien! écoute, infâme! toutes ces bénédictions retomberont avant d'arriver au ciel, et il n'y aura que la malédiction qui montera jusqu'à Dieu! Cette voix, d'abord toute faible et qui s'était élevée du plus obscur de sa conscience, était devenue par degrés éclatante et formidable, et il l'entendait maintenant à son oreille. Il lui semblait qu'elle était sortie de lui-même et qu'elle parlait à présent en dehors de lui. Il crut entendre les dernières paroles si distinctement qu'il regarda dans la chambre avec une sorte de terreur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Y a-t-il quelqu'un ici? demanda-t-il à haute voix, et tout égaré.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis il reprit avec un rire qui ressemblait au rire d'un idiot:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
—Que je suis bête! il ne peut y avoir personne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il y avait quelqu'un; mais celui qui y était n'était pas de ceux que l'œil humain peut voir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il posa les flambeaux sur la cheminée.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alors il reprit cette marche monotone et lugubre qui troublait dans ses rêves et réveillait en sursaut l'homme endormi au-dessous de lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette marche le soulageait et l'enivrait en même temps. Il semble que parfois dans les occasions suprêmes on se remue pour demander conseil à tout ce qu'on peut rencontrer en se déplaçant. Au bout de quelques instants il ne savait plus où il en était.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il reculait maintenant avec une égale épouvante devant les deux résolutions qu'il avait prises tour à tour. Les deux idées qui le conseillaient lui paraissaient aussi funestes l'une que l'autre.—Quelle fatalité! quelle rencontre que ce Champmathieu pris pour lui! Être précipité justement par le moyen que la providence paraissait d'abord avoir employé pour l'affermir!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il y eut un moment où il considéra l'avenir. Se dénoncer, grand Dieu! se livrer! Il envisagea avec un immense désespoir tout ce qu'il faudrait quitter, tout ce qu'il faudrait reprendre. Il faudrait donc dire adieu à cette existence si bonne, si pure, si radieuse, à ce respect de tous, à l'honneur, à la liberté! Il n'irait plus se promener dans les champs, il n'entendrait plus chanter les oiseaux au mois de mai, il ne ferait plus l'aumône aux petits enfants! Il ne sentirait plus la douceur des regards de reconnaissance et d'amour fixés sur lui! Il quitterait cette maison qu'il avait bâtie, cette chambre, cette petite chambre! Tout lui paraissait charmant à cette heure. Il ne lirait plus dans ces livres, il n'écrirait plus sur cette petite table de bois blanc! Sa vieille portière, la seule servante qu'il eût, ne lui monterait plus son café le matin. Grand Dieu! au lieu de cela, la chiourme, le carcan, la veste rouge, la chaîne au pied, la fatigue, le cachot, le lit de camp, toutes ces horreurs connues! À son âge, après avoir été ce qu'il était! Si encore il était jeune! Mais, vieux, être tutoyé par le premier venu, être fouillé par le garde-chiourme, recevoir le coup de bâton de l'argousin! avoir les pieds nus dans des souliers ferrés! tendre matin et soir sa jambe au marteau du rondier qui visite la manille! subir la curiosité des étrangers auxquels on dirait: Celui-là, c'est le fameux Jean Valjean, qui a été maire à Montreuil-sur-mer! Le soir, ruisselant de sueur, accablé de lassitude, le bonnet vert sur les yeux, remonter deux à deux, sous le fouet du sergent, l'escalier-échelle du bagne flottant! Oh! quelle misère! La destinée peut-elle donc être méchante comme un être intelligent et devenir monstrueuse comme le cœur humain!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et, quoi qu'il fît, il retombait toujours sur ce poignant dilemme qui était au fond de sa rêverie:—rester dans le paradis, et y devenir démon! rentrer dans l'enfer, et y devenir ange!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Que faire, grand Dieu! que faire?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La tourmente dont il était sorti avec tant de peine se déchaîna de nouveau en lui. Ses idées recommencèrent à se mêler. Elles prirent ce je ne sais quoi de stupéfié et de machinal qui est propre au désespoir. Ce nom de Romainville lui revenait sans cesse à l'esprit avec deux vers d'une chanson qu'il avait entendue autrefois. Il songeait que Romainville est un petit bois près Paris où les jeunes gens amoureux vont cueillir des lilas au mois d'avril.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il chancelait au dehors comme au dedans. Il marchait comme un petit enfant qu'on laisse aller seul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
À de certains moments, luttant contre sa lassitude, il faisait effort pour ressaisir son intelligence. Il tâchait de se poser une dernière fois, et définitivement, le problème sur lequel il était en quelque sorte tombé d'épuisement. Faut-il se dénoncer? Faut-il se taire?—Il ne réussissait à rien voir de distinct. Les vagues aspects de tous les raisonnements ébauchés par sa rêverie tremblaient et se dissipaient l'un après l'autre en fumée. Seulement il sentait que, à quelque parti qu'il s'arrêtât, nécessairement, et sans qu'il fût possible d'y échapper, quelque chose de lui allait mourir; qu'il entrait dans un sépulcre à droite comme à gauche; qu'il accomplissait une agonie, l'agonie de son bonheur ou l'agonie de sa vertu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Hélas! toutes ses irrésolutions l'avaient repris. Il n'était pas plus avancé qu'au commencement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ainsi se débattait sous l'angoisse cette malheureuse âme. Dix-huit cents ans avant cet homme infortuné, l'être mystérieux, en qui se résument toutes les saintetés et toutes les souffrances de l'humanité, avait aussi lui, pendant que les oliviers frémissaient au vent farouche de l'infini, longtemps écarté de la main l'effrayant calice qui lui apparaissait ruisselant d'ombre et débordant de ténèbres dans des profondeurs pleines d'étoiles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The reader has, no doubt, already divined that M. Madeleine is no other than Jean Valjean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have already gazed into the depths of this conscience; the moment has now come when we must take another look into it. We do so not without emotion and trepidation. There is nothing more terrible in existence than this sort of contemplation. The eye of the spirit can nowhere find more dazzling brilliance and more shadow than in man; it can fix itself on no other thing which is more formidable, more complicated, more mysterious, and more infinite. There is a spectacle more grand than the sea; it is heaven: there is a spectacle more grand than heaven; it is the inmost recesses of the soul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To make the poem of the human conscience, were it only with reference to a single man, were it only in connection with the basest of men, would be to blend all epics into one superior and definitive epic. Conscience is the chaos of chimeras, of lusts, and of temptations; the furnace of dreams; the lair of ideas of which we are ashamed; it is the pandemonium of sophisms; it is the battlefield of the passions. Penetrate, at certain hours, past the livid face of a human being who is engaged in reflection, and look behind, gaze into that soul, gaze into that obscurity. There, beneath that external silence, battles of giants, like those recorded in Homer, are in progress; skirmishes of dragons and hydras and swarms of phantoms, as in Milton; visionary circles, as in Dante. What a solemn thing is this infinity which every man bears within him, and which he measures with despair against the caprices of his brain and the actions of his life!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alighieri one day met with a sinister-looking door, before which he hesitated. Here is one before us, upon whose threshold we hesitate. Let us enter, nevertheless.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have but little to add to what the reader already knows of what had happened to Jean Valjean after the adventure with Little Gervais. From that moment forth he was, as we have seen, a totally different man. What the Bishop had wished to make of him, that he carried out. It was more than a transformation; it was a transfiguration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He succeeded in disappearing, sold the Bishop's silver, reserving only the candlesticks as a souvenir, crept from town to town, traversed France, came to M. sur M., conceived the idea which we have mentioned, accomplished what we have related, succeeded in rendering himself safe from seizure and inaccessible, and, thenceforth, established at M. sur M., happy in feeling his conscience saddened by the past and the first half of his existence belied by the last, he lived in peace, reassured and hopeful, having henceforth only two thoughts,—to conceal his name and to sanctify his life; to escape men and to return to God.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These two thoughts were so closely intertwined in his mind that they formed but a single one there; both were equally absorbing and imperative and ruled his slightest actions. In general, they conspired to regulate the conduct of his life; they turned him towards the gloom; they rendered him kindly and simple; they counselled him to the same things. Sometimes, however, they conflicted. In that case, as the reader will remember, the man whom all the country of M. sur M. called M. Madeleine did not hesitate to sacrifice the first to the second—his security to his virtue. Thus, in spite of all his reserve and all his prudence, he had preserved the Bishop's candlesticks, worn mourning for him, summoned and interrogated all the little Savoyards who passed that way, collected information regarding the families at Faverolles, and saved old Fauchelevent's life, despite the disquieting insinuations of Javert. It seemed, as we have already remarked, as though he thought, following the example of all those who have been wise, holy, and just, that his first duty was not towards himself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At the same time, it must be confessed, nothing just like this had yet presented itself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Never had the two ideas which governed the unhappy man whose sufferings we are narrating, engaged in so serious a struggle. He understood this confusedly but profoundly at the very first words pronounced by Javert, when the latter entered his study. At the moment when that name, which he had buried beneath so many layers, was so strangely articulated, he was struck with stupor, and as though intoxicated with the sinister eccentricity of his destiny; and through this stupor he felt that shudder which precedes great shocks. He bent like an oak at the approach of a storm, like a soldier at the approach of an assault. He felt shadows filled with thunders and lightnings descending upon his head. As he listened to Javert, the first thought which occurred to him was to go, to run and denounce himself, to take that Champmathieu out of prison and place himself there; this was as painful and as poignant as an incision in the living flesh. Then it passed away, and he said to himself, &amp;quot;We will see! We will see!&amp;quot; He repressed this first, generous instinct, and recoiled before heroism.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It would be beautiful, no doubt, after the Bishop's holy words, after so many years of repentance and abnegation, in the midst of a penitence admirably begun, if this man had not flinched for an instant, even in the presence of so terrible a conjecture, but had continued to walk with the same step towards this yawning precipice, at the bottom of which lay heaven; that would have been beautiful; but it was not thus. We must render an account of the things which went on in this soul, and we can only tell what there was there. He was carried away, at first, by the instinct of self-preservation; he rallied all his ideas in haste, stifled his emotions, took into consideration Javert's presence, that great danger, postponed all decision with the firmness of terror, shook off thought as to what he had to do, and resumed his calmness as a warrior picks up his buckler.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He remained in this state during the rest of the day, a whirlwind within, a profound tranquillity without. He took no &amp;quot;preservative measures,&amp;quot; as they may be called. Everything was still confused, and jostling together in his brain. His trouble was so great that he could not perceive the form of a single idea distinctly, and he could have told nothing about himself, except that he had received a great blow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He repaired to Fantine's bed of suffering, as usual, and prolonged his visit, through a kindly instinct, telling himself that he must behave thus, and recommend her well to the sisters, in case he should be obliged to be absent himself. He had a vague feeling that he might be obliged to go to Arras; and without having the least in the world made up his mind to this trip, he said to himself that being, as he was, beyond the shadow of any suspicion, there could be nothing out of the way in being a witness to what was to take place, and he engaged the tilbury from Scaufflaire in order to be prepared in any event.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He dined with a good deal of appetite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On returning to his room, he communed with himself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He examined the situation, and found it unprecedented; so unprecedented that in the midst of his revery he rose from his chair, moved by some inexplicable impulse of anxiety, and bolted his door. He feared lest something more should enter. He was barricading himself against possibilities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A moment later he extinguished his light; it embarrassed him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It seemed to him as though he might be seen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
By whom?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alas! That on which he desired to close the door had already entered; that which he desired to blind was staring him in the face,—his conscience.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His conscience; that is to say, God.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nevertheless, he deluded himself at first; he had a feeling of security and of solitude; the bolt once drawn, he thought himself impregnable; the candle extinguished, he felt himself invisible. Then he took possession of himself: he set his elbows on the table, leaned his head on his hand, and began to meditate in the dark.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where do I stand? Am not I dreaming? What have I heard? Is it really true that I have seen that Javert, and that he spoke to me in that manner? Who can that Champmathieu be? So he resembles me! Is it possible? When I reflect that yesterday I was so tranquil, and so far from suspecting anything! What was I doing yesterday at this hour? What is there in this incident? What will the end be? What is to be done?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was the torment in which he found himself. His brain had lost its power of retaining ideas; they passed like waves, and he clutched his brow in both hands to arrest them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nothing but anguish extricated itself from this tumult which overwhelmed his will and his reason, and from which he sought to draw proof and resolution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His head was burning. He went to the window and threw it wide open. There were no stars in the sky. He returned and seated himself at the table.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The first hour passed in this manner.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gradually, however, vague outlines began to take form and to fix themselves in his meditation, and he was able to catch a glimpse with precision of the reality,—not the whole situation, but some of the details. He began by recognizing the fact that, critical and extraordinary as was this situation, he was completely master of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This only caused an increase of his stupor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Independently of the severe and religious aim which he had assigned to his actions, all that he had made up to that day had been nothing but a hole in which to bury his name. That which he had always feared most of all in his hours of self-communion, during his sleepless nights, was to ever hear that name pronounced; he had said to himself, that that would be the end of all things for him; that on the day when that name made its reappearance it would cause his new life to vanish from about him, and—who knows?—perhaps even his new soul within him, also. He shuddered at the very thought that this was possible. Assuredly, if any one had said to him at such moments that the hour would come when that name would ring in his ears, when the hideous words, Jean Valjean, would suddenly emerge from the darkness and rise in front of him, when that formidable light, capable of dissipating the mystery in which he had enveloped himself, would suddenly blaze forth above his head, and that that name would not menace him, that that light would but produce an obscurity more dense, that this rent veil would but increase the mystery, that this earthquake would solidify his edifice, that this prodigious incident would have no other result, so far as he was concerned, if so it seemed good to him, than that of rendering his existence at once clearer and more impenetrable, and that, out of his confrontation with the phantom of Jean Valjean, the good and worthy citizen Monsieur Madeleine would emerge more honored, more peaceful, and more respected than ever—if any one had told him that, he would have tossed his head and regarded the words as those of a madman. Well, all this was precisely what had just come to pass; all that accumulation of impossibilities was a fact, and God had permitted these wild fancies to become real things!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His revery continued to grow clearer. He came more and more to an understanding of his position.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It seemed to him that he had but just waked up from some inexplicable dream, and that he found himself slipping down a declivity in the middle of the night, erect, shivering, holding back all in vain, on the very brink of the abyss. He distinctly perceived in the darkness a stranger, a man unknown to him, whom destiny had mistaken for him, and whom she was thrusting into the gulf in his stead; in order that the gulf might close once more, it was necessary that some one, himself or that other man, should fall into it: he had only let things take their course.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The light became complete, and he acknowledged this to himself: That his place was empty in the galleys; that do what he would, it was still awaiting him; that the theft from little Gervais had led him back to it; that this vacant place would await him, and draw him on until he filled it; that this was inevitable and fatal; and then he said to himself, &amp;quot;that, at this moment, he had a substitute; that it appeared that a certain Champmathieu had that ill luck, and that, as regards himself, being present in the galleys in the person of that Champmathieu, present in society under the name of M. Madeleine, he had nothing more to fear, provided that he did not prevent men from sealing over the head of that Champmathieu this stone of infamy which, like the stone of the sepulchre, falls once, never to rise again.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All this was so strange and so violent, that there suddenly took place in him that indescribable movement, which no man feels more than two or three times in the course of his life, a sort of convulsion of the conscience which stirs up all that there is doubtful in the heart, which is composed of irony, of joy, and of despair, and which may be called an outburst of inward laughter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He hastily relighted his candle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well, what then?&amp;quot; he said to himself; &amp;quot;what am I afraid of? What is there in all that for me to think about? I am safe; all is over. I had but one partly open door through which my past might invade my life, and behold that door is walled up forever! That Javert, who has been annoying me so long; that terrible instinct which seemed to have divined me, which had divined me—good God! and which followed me everywhere; that frightful hunting-dog, always making a point at me, is thrown off the scent, engaged elsewhere, absolutely turned from the trail: henceforth he is satisfied; he will leave me in peace; he has his Jean Valjean. Who knows? it is even probable that he will wish to leave town! And all this has been brought about without any aid from me, and I count for nothing in it! Ah! but where is the misfortune in this? Upon my honor, people would think, to see me, that some catastrophe had happened to me! After all, if it does bring harm to some one, that is not my fault in the least: it is Providence which has done it all; it is because it wishes it so to be, evidently. Have I the right to disarrange what it has arranged? What do I ask now? Why should I meddle? It does not concern me; what! I am not satisfied: but what more do I want? The goal to which I have aspired for so many years, the dream of my nights, the object of my prayers to Heaven,—security,—I have now attained; it is God who wills it; I can do nothing against the will of God, and why does God will it? In order that I may continue what I have begun, that I may do good, that I may one day be a grand and encouraging example, that it may be said at last, that a little happiness has been attached to the penance which I have undergone, and to that virtue to which I have returned. Really, I do not understand why I was afraid, a little while ago, to enter the house of that good cure, and to ask his advice; this is evidently what he would have said to me: It is settled; let things take their course; let the good God do as he likes!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thus did he address himself in the depths of his own conscience, bending over what may be called his own abyss; he rose from his chair, and began to pace the room: &amp;quot;Come,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;let us think no more about it; my resolve is taken!&amp;quot; but he felt no joy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quite the reverse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One can no more prevent thought from recurring to an idea than one can the sea from returning to the shore: the sailor calls it the tide; the guilty man calls it remorse; God upheaves the soul as he does the ocean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the expiration of a few moments, do what he would, he resumed the gloomy dialogue in which it was he who spoke and he who listened, saying that which he would have preferred to ignore, and listened to that which he would have preferred not to hear, yielding to that mysterious power which said to him: &amp;quot;Think!&amp;quot; as it said to another condemned man, two thousand years ago, &amp;quot;March on!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Before proceeding further, and in order to make ourselves fully understood, let us insist upon one necessary observation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is certain that people do talk to themselves; there is no living being who has not done it. It may even be said that the word is never a more magnificent mystery than when it goes from thought to conscience within a man, and when it returns from conscience to thought; it is in this sense only that the words so often employed in this chapter, he said, he exclaimed, must be understood; one speaks to one's self, talks to one's self, exclaims to one's self without breaking the external silence; there is a great tumult; everything about us talks except the mouth. The realities of the soul are none the less realities because they are not visible and palpable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
So he asked himself where he stood. He interrogated himself upon that &amp;quot;settled resolve.&amp;quot; He confessed to himself that all that he had just arranged in his mind was monstrous, that &amp;quot;to let things take their course, to let the good God do as he liked,&amp;quot; was simply horrible; to allow this error of fate and of men to be carried out, not to hinder it, to lend himself to it through his silence, to do nothing, in short, was to do everything! that this was hypocritical baseness in the last degree! that it was a base, cowardly, sneaking, abject, hideous crime!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For the first time in eight years, the wretched man had just tasted the bitter savor of an evil thought and of an evil action.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He spit it out with disgust.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He continued to question himself. He asked himself severely what he had meant by this, &amp;quot;My object is attained!&amp;quot; He declared to himself that his life really had an object; but what object? To conceal his name? To deceive the police? Was it for so petty a thing that he had done all that he had done? Had he not another and a grand object, which was the true one—to save, not his person, but his soul; to become honest and good once more; to be a just man? Was it not that above all, that alone, which he had always desired, which the Bishop had enjoined upon him—to shut the door on his past? But he was not shutting it! great God! he was re-opening it by committing an infamous action! He was becoming a thief once more, and the most odious of thieves! He was robbing another of his existence, his life, his peace, his place in the sunshine. He was becoming an assassin. He was murdering, morally murdering, a wretched man. He was inflicting on him that frightful living death, that death beneath the open sky, which is called the galleys. On the other hand, to surrender himself to save that man, struck down with so melancholy an error, to resume his own name, to become once more, out of duty, the convict Jean Valjean, that was, in truth, to achieve his resurrection, and to close forever that hell whence he had just emerged; to fall back there in appearance was to escape from it in reality. This must be done! He had done nothing if he did not do all this; his whole life was useless; all his penitence was wasted. There was no longer any need of saying, &amp;quot;What is the use?&amp;quot; He felt that the Bishop was there, that the Bishop was present all the more because he was dead, that the Bishop was gazing fixedly at him, that henceforth Mayor Madeleine, with all his virtues, would be abominable to him, and that the convict Jean Valjean would be pure and admirable in his sight; that men beheld his mask, but that the Bishop saw his face; that men saw his life, but that the Bishop beheld his conscience. So he must go to Arras, deliver the false Jean Valjean, and denounce the real one. Alas! that was the greatest of sacrifices, the most poignant of victories, the last step to take; but it must be done. Sad fate! he would enter into sanctity only in the eyes of God when he returned to infamy in the eyes of men.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;let us decide upon this; let us do our duty; let us save this man.&amp;quot; He uttered these words aloud, without perceiving that he was speaking aloud.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He took his books, verified them, and put them in order. He flung in the fire a bundle of bills which he had against petty and embarrassed tradesmen. He wrote and sealed a letter, and on the envelope it might have been read, had there been any one in his chamber at the moment, To Monsieur Laffitte, Banker, Rue d'Artois, Paris. He drew from his secretary a pocket-book which contained several bank-notes and the passport of which he had made use that same year when he went to the elections.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Any one who had seen him during the execution of these various acts, into which there entered such grave thought, would have had no suspicion of what was going on within him. Only occasionally did his lips move; at other times he raised his head and fixed his gaze upon some point of the wall, as though there existed at that point something which he wished to elucidate or interrogate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When he had finished the letter to M. Laffitte, he put it into his pocket, together with the pocket-book, and began his walk once more.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His revery had not swerved from its course. He continued to see his duty clearly, written in luminous letters, which flamed before his eyes and changed its place as he altered the direction of his glance:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Go! Tell your name! Denounce yourself!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the same way he beheld, as though they had passed before him in visible forms, the two ideas which had, up to that time, formed the double rule of his soul,—the concealment of his name, the sanctification of his life. For the first time they appeared to him as absolutely distinct, and he perceived the distance which separated them. He recognized the fact that one of these ideas was, necessarily, good, while the other might become bad; that the first was self-devotion, and that the other was personality; that the one said, my neighbor, and that the other said, myself; that one emanated from the light, and the other from darkness.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They were antagonistic. He saw them in conflict. In proportion as he meditated, they grew before the eyes of his spirit. They had now attained colossal statures, and it seemed to him that he beheld within himself, in that infinity of which we were recently speaking, in the midst of the darkness and the lights, a goddess and a giant contending.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was filled with terror; but it seemed to him that the good thought was getting the upper hand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He felt that he was on the brink of the second decisive crisis of his conscience and of his destiny; that the Bishop had marked the first phase of his new life, and that Champmathieu marked the second. After the grand crisis, the grand test.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But the fever, allayed for an instant, gradually resumed possession of him. A thousand thoughts traversed his mind, but they continued to fortify him in his resolution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One moment he said to himself that he was, perhaps, taking the matter too keenly; that, after all, this Champmathieu was not interesting, and that he had actually been guilty of theft.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He answered himself: &amp;quot;If this man has, indeed, stolen a few apples, that means a month in prison. It is a long way from that to the galleys. And who knows? Did he steal? Has it been proved? The name of Jean Valjean overwhelms him, and seems to dispense with proofs. Do not the attorneys for the Crown always proceed in this manner? He is supposed to be a thief because he is known to be a convict.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In another instant the thought had occurred to him that, when he denounced himself, the heroism of his deed might, perhaps, be taken into consideration, and his honest life for the last seven years, and what he had done for the district, and that they would have mercy on him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
But this supposition vanished very quickly, and he smiled bitterly as he remembered that the theft of the forty sous from little Gervais put him in the position of a man guilty of a second offence after conviction, that this affair would certainly come up, and, according to the precise terms of the law, would render him liable to penal servitude for life.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He turned aside from all illusions, detached himself more and more from earth, and sought strength and consolation elsewhere. He told himself that he must do his duty; that perhaps he should not be more unhappy after doing his duty than after having avoided it; that if he allowed things to take their own course, if he remained at M. sur M., his consideration, his good name, his good works, the deference and veneration paid to him, his charity, his wealth, his popularity, his virtue, would be seasoned with a crime. And what would be the taste of all these holy things when bound up with this hideous thing? while, if he accomplished his sacrifice, a celestial idea would be mingled with the galleys, the post, the iron necklet, the green cap, unceasing toil, and pitiless shame.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At length he told himself that it must be so, that his destiny was thus allotted, that he had not authority to alter the arrangements made on high, that, in any case, he must make his choice: virtue without and abomination within, or holiness within and infamy without.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The stirring up of these lugubrious ideas did not cause his courage to fail, but his brain grow weary. He began to think of other things, of indifferent matters, in spite of himself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The veins in his temples throbbed violently; he still paced to and fro; midnight sounded first from the parish church, then from the town-hall; he counted the twelve strokes of the two clocks, and compared the sounds of the two bells; he recalled in this connection the fact that, a few days previously, he had seen in an ironmonger's shop an ancient clock for sale, upon which was written the name, Antoine-Albin de Romainville.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was cold; he lighted a small fire; it did not occur to him to close the window.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In the meantime he had relapsed into his stupor; he was obliged to make a tolerably vigorous effort to recall what had been the subject of his thoughts before midnight had struck; he finally succeeded in doing this.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah! yes,&amp;quot; he said to himself, &amp;quot;I had resolved to inform against myself.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And then, all of a sudden, he thought of Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold!&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;and what about that poor woman?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Here a fresh crisis declared itself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine, by appearing thus abruptly in his revery, produced the effect of an unexpected ray of light; it seemed to him as though everything about him were undergoing a change of aspect: he exclaimed:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Ah! but I have hitherto considered no one but myself; it is proper for me to hold my tongue or to denounce myself, to conceal my person or to save my soul, to be a despicable and respected magistrate, or an infamous and venerable convict; it is I, it is always I and nothing but I: but, good God! all this is egotism; these are diverse forms of egotism, but it is egotism all the same. What if I were to think a little about others? The highest holiness is to think of others; come, let us examine the matter. The I excepted, the I effaced, the I forgotten, what would be the result of all this? What if I denounce myself? I am arrested; this Champmathieu is released; I am put back in the galleys; that is well—and what then? What is going on here? Ah! here is a country, a town, here are factories, an industry, workers, both men and women, aged grandsires, children, poor people! All this I have created; all these I provide with their living; everywhere where there is a smoking chimney, it is I who have placed the brand on the hearth and meat in the pot; I have created ease, circulation, credit; before me there was nothing; I have elevated, vivified, informed with life, fecundated, stimulated, enriched the whole country-side; lacking me, the soul is lacking; I take myself off, everything dies: and this woman, who has suffered so much, who possesses so many merits in spite of her fall; the cause of all whose misery I have unwittingly been! And that child whom I meant to go in search of, whom I have promised to her mother; do I not also owe something to this woman, in reparation for the evil which I have done her? If I disappear, what happens? The mother dies; the child becomes what it can; that is what will take place, if I denounce myself. If I do not denounce myself? come, let us see how it will be if I do not denounce myself.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After putting this question to himself, he paused; he seemed to undergo a momentary hesitation and trepidation; but it did not last long, and he answered himself calmly:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well, this man is going to the galleys; it is true, but what the deuce! he has stolen! There is no use in my saying that he has not been guilty of theft, for he has! I remain here; I go on: in ten years I shall have made ten millions; I scatter them over the country; I have nothing of my own; what is that to me? It is not for myself that I am doing it; the prosperity of all goes on augmenting; industries are aroused and animated; factories and shops are multiplied; families, a hundred families, a thousand families, are happy; the district becomes populated; villages spring up where there were only farms before; farms rise where there was nothing; wretchedness disappears, and with wretchedness debauchery, prostitution, theft, murder; all vices disappear, all crimes: and this poor mother rears her child; and behold a whole country rich and honest! Ah! I was a fool! I was absurd! what was that I was saying about denouncing myself? I really must pay attention and not be precipitate about anything. What! because it would have pleased me to play the grand and generous; this is melodrama, after all; because I should have thought of no one but myself, the idea! for the sake of saving from a punishment, a trifle exaggerated, perhaps, but just at bottom, no one knows whom, a thief, a good-for-nothing, evidently, a whole country-side must perish! a poor woman must die in the hospital! a poor little girl must die in the street! like dogs; ah, this is abominable! And without the mother even having seen her child once more, almost without the child's having known her mother; and all that for the sake of an old wretch of an apple-thief who, most assuredly, has deserved the galleys for something else, if not for that; fine scruples, indeed, which save a guilty man and sacrifice the innocent, which save an old vagabond who has only a few years to live at most, and who will not be more unhappy in the galleys than in his hovel, and which sacrifice a whole population, mothers, wives, children. This poor little Cosette who has no one in the world but me, and who is, no doubt, blue with cold at this moment in the den of those Thenardiers; those peoples are rascals; and I was going to neglect my duty towards all these poor creatures; and I was going off to denounce myself; and I was about to commit that unspeakable folly! Let us put it at the worst: suppose that there is a wrong action on my part in this, and that my conscience will reproach me for it some day, to accept, for the good of others, these reproaches which weigh only on myself; this evil action which compromises my soul alone; in that lies self-sacrifice; in that alone there is virtue.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He rose and resumed his march; this time, he seemed to be content.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Diamonds are found only in the dark places of the earth; truths are found only in the depths of thought. It seemed to him, that, after having descended into these depths, after having long groped among the darkest of these shadows, he had at last found one of these diamonds, one of these truths, and that he now held it in his hand, and he was dazzled as he gazed upon it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes,&amp;quot; he thought, &amp;quot;this is right; I am on the right road; I have the solution; I must end by holding fast to something; my resolve is taken; let things take their course; let us no longer vacillate; let us no longer hang back; this is for the interest of all, not for my own; I am Madeleine, and Madeleine I remain. Woe to the man who is Jean Valjean! I am no longer he; I do not know that man; I no longer know anything; it turns out that some one is Jean Valjean at the present moment; let him look out for himself; that does not concern me; it is a fatal name which was floating abroad in the night; if it halts and descends on a head, so much the worse for that head.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He looked into the little mirror which hung above his chimney-piece, and said:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold! it has relieved me to come to a decision; I am quite another man now.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He proceeded a few paces further, then he stopped short.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Come!&amp;quot; he said, &amp;quot;I must not flinch before any of the consequences of the resolution which I have once adopted; there are still threads which attach me to that Jean Valjean; they must be broken; in this very room there are objects which would betray me, dumb things which would bear witness against me; it is settled; all these things must disappear.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He fumbled in his pocket, drew out his purse, opened it, and took out a small key; he inserted the key in a lock whose aperture could hardly be seen, so hidden was it in the most sombre tones of the design which covered the wall-paper; a secret receptacle opened, a sort of false cupboard constructed in the angle between the wall and the chimney-piece; in this hiding-place there were some rags—a blue linen blouse, an old pair of trousers, an old knapsack, and a huge thorn cudgel shod with iron at both ends. Those who had seen Jean Valjean at the epoch when he passed through D——in October, 1815, could easily have recognized all the pieces of this miserable outfit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He had preserved them as he had preserved the silver candlesticks, in order to remind himself continually of his starting-point, but he had concealed all that came from the galleys, and he had allowed the candlesticks which came from the Bishop to be seen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He cast a furtive glance towards the door, as though he feared that it would open in spite of the bolt which fastened it; then, with a quick and abrupt movement, he took the whole in his arms at once, without bestowing so much as a glance on the things which he had so religiously and so perilously preserved for so many years, and flung them all, rags, cudgel, knapsack, into the fire. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He closed the false cupboard again, and with redoubled precautions, henceforth unnecessary, since it was now empty, he concealed the door behind a heavy piece of furniture, which he pushed in front of it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After the lapse of a few seconds, the room and the opposite wall were lighted up with a fierce, red, tremulous glow. Everything was on fire; the thorn cudgel snapped and threw out sparks to the middle of the chamber.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the knapsack was consumed, together with the hideous rags which it contained, it revealed something which sparkled in the ashes. By bending over, one could have readily recognized a coin,—no doubt the forty-sou piece stolen from the little Savoyard.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He did not look at the fire, but paced back and forth with the same step.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All at once his eye fell on the two silver candlesticks, which shone vaguely on the chimney-piece, through the glow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold!&amp;quot; he thought; &amp;quot;the whole of Jean Valjean is still in them. They must be destroyed also.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He seized the two candlesticks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There was still fire enough to allow of their being put out of shape, and converted into a sort of unrecognizable bar of metal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He bent over the hearth and warmed himself for a moment. He felt a sense of real comfort. &amp;quot;How good warmth is!&amp;quot; said he.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He stirred the live coals with one of the candlesticks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A minute more, and they were both in the fire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At that moment it seemed to him that he heard a voice within him shouting: &amp;quot;Jean Valjean! Jean Valjean!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His hair rose upright: he became like a man who is listening to some terrible thing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, that's it! finish!&amp;quot; said the voice. &amp;quot;Complete what you are about! Destroy these candlesticks! Annihilate this souvenir! Forget the Bishop! Forget everything! Destroy this Champmathieu, do! That is right! Applaud yourself! So it is settled, resolved, fixed, agreed: here is an old man who does not know what is wanted of him, who has, perhaps, done nothing, an innocent man, whose whole misfortune lies in your name, upon whom your name weighs like a crime, who is about to be taken for you, who will be condemned, who will finish his days in abjectness and horror. That is good! Be an honest man yourself; remain Monsieur le Maire; remain honorable and honored; enrich the town; nourish the indigent; rear the orphan; live happy, virtuous, and admired; and, during this time, while you are here in the midst of joy and light, there will be a man who will wear your red blouse, who will bear your name in ignominy, and who will drag your chain in the galleys. Yes, it is well arranged thus. Ah, wretch!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The perspiration streamed from his brow. He fixed a haggard eye on the candlesticks. But that within him which had spoken had not finished. The voice continued:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Jean Valjean, there will be around you many voices, which will make a great noise, which will talk very loud, and which will bless you, and only one which no one will hear, and which will curse you in the dark. Well! listen, infamous man! All those benedictions will fall back before they reach heaven, and only the malediction will ascend to God.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This voice, feeble at first, and which had proceeded from the most obscure depths of his conscience, had gradually become startling and formidable, and he now heard it in his very ear. It seemed to him that it had detached itself from him, and that it was now speaking outside of him. He thought that he heard the last words so distinctly, that he glanced around the room in a sort of terror.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Is there any one here?&amp;quot; he demanded aloud, in utter bewilderment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then he resumed, with a laugh which resembled that of an idiot:—&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;How stupid I am! There can be no one!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There was some one; but the person who was there was of those whom the human eye cannot see.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He placed the candlesticks on the chimney-piece.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then he resumed his monotonous and lugubrious tramp, which troubled the dreams of the sleeping man beneath him, and awoke him with a start.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This tramping to and fro soothed and at the same time intoxicated him. It sometimes seems, on supreme occasions, as though people moved about for the purpose of asking advice of everything that they may encounter by change of place. After the lapse of a few minutes he no longer knew his position.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He now recoiled in equal terror before both the resolutions at which he had arrived in turn. The two ideas which counselled him appeared to him equally fatal. What a fatality! What conjunction that that Champmathieu should have been taken for him; to be overwhelmed by precisely the means which Providence seemed to have employed, at first, to strengthen his position!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There was a moment when he reflected on the future. Denounce himself, great God! Deliver himself up! With immense despair he faced all that he should be obliged to leave, all that he should be obliged to take up once more. He should have to bid farewell to that existence which was so good, so pure, so radiant, to the respect of all, to honor, to liberty. He should never more stroll in the fields; he should never more hear the birds sing in the month of May; he should never more bestow alms on the little children; he should never more experience the sweetness of having glances of gratitude and love fixed upon him; he should quit that house which he had built, that little chamber! Everything seemed charming to him at that moment. Never again should he read those books; never more should he write on that little table of white wood; his old portress, the only servant whom he kept, would never more bring him his coffee in the morning. Great God! instead of that, the convict gang, the iron necklet, the red waistcoat, the chain on his ankle, fatigue, the cell, the camp bed all those horrors which he knew so well! At his age, after having been what he was! If he were only young again! but to be addressed in his old age as &amp;quot;thou&amp;quot; by any one who pleased; to be searched by the convict-guard; to receive the galley-sergeant's cudgellings; to wear iron-bound shoes on his bare feet; to have to stretch out his leg night and morning to the hammer of the roundsman who visits the gang; to submit to the curiosity of strangers, who would be told: &amp;quot;That man yonder is the famous Jean Valjean, who was mayor of M. sur M.&amp;quot;; and at night, dripping with perspiration, overwhelmed with lassitude, their green caps drawn over their eyes, to remount, two by two, the ladder staircase of the galleys beneath the sergeant's whip. Oh, what misery! Can destiny, then, be as malicious as an intelligent being, and become as monstrous as the human heart?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And do what he would, he always fell back upon the heartrending dilemma which lay at the foundation of his revery: &amp;quot;Should he remain in paradise and become a demon? Should he return to hell and become an angel?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What was to be done? Great God! what was to be done?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The torment from which he had escaped with so much difficulty was unchained afresh within him. His ideas began to grow confused once more; they assumed a kind of stupefied and mechanical quality which is peculiar to despair. The name of Romainville recurred incessantly to his mind, with the two verses of a song which he had heard in the past. He thought that Romainville was a little grove near Paris, where young lovers go to pluck lilacs in the month of April.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He wavered outwardly as well as inwardly. He walked like a little child who is permitted to toddle alone.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At intervals, as he combated his lassitude, he made an effort to recover the mastery of his mind. He tried to put to himself, for the last time, and definitely, the problem over which he had, in a manner, fallen prostrate with fatigue: Ought he to denounce himself? Ought he to hold his peace? He could not manage to see anything distinctly. The vague aspects of all the courses of reasoning which had been sketched out by his meditations quivered and vanished, one after the other, into smoke. He only felt that, to whatever course of action he made up his mind, something in him must die, and that of necessity, and without his being able to escape the fact; that he was entering a sepulchre on the right hand as much as on the left; that he was passing through a death agony,—the agony of his happiness, or the agony of his virtue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Alas! all his resolution had again taken possession of him. He was no further advanced than at the beginning.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thus did this unhappy soul struggle in its anguish. Eighteen hundred years before this unfortunate man, the mysterious Being in whom are summed up all the sanctities and all the sufferings of humanity had also long thrust aside with his hand, while the olive-trees quivered in the wild wind of the infinite, the terrible cup which appeared to Him dripping with darkness and overflowing with shadows in the depths all studded with stars.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_2/Chapter_7&amp;diff=188569</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 2/Chapter 7</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_2/Chapter_7&amp;diff=188569"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:46:38Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 146.185.234.48 (talk) to last revision by DeHavilland&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Second: The Fall, Chapter 7: The Interior of Despair&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre deuxième: La Chute, Chapitre 7: Le dedans du désespoir)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Essayons de le dire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il faut bien que la société regarde ces choses puisque c'est elle qui les fait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
C'était, nous l'avons dit, un ignorant; mais ce n'était pas un imbécile. La lumière naturelle était allumée en lui. Le malheur, qui a aussi sa clarté, augmenta le peu de jour qu'il y avait dans cet esprit. Sous le bâton, sous la chaîne, au cachot, à la fatigue, sous l'ardent soleil du bagne, sur le lit de planches des forçats, il se replia en sa conscience et réfléchit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se constitua tribunal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il commença par se juger lui-même.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il reconnut qu'il n'était pas un innocent injustement puni. Il s'avoua qu'il avait commis une action extrême et blâmable; qu'on ne lui eût peut-être pas refusé ce pain s'il l'avait demandé; que dans tous les cas il eût mieux valu l'attendre, soit de la pitié, soit du travail; que ce n'est pas tout à fait une raison sans réplique de dire: peut-on attendre quand on a faim? que d'abord il est très rare qu'on meure littéralement de faim; ensuite que, malheureusement ou heureusement, l'homme est ainsi fait qu'il peut souffrir longtemps et beaucoup, moralement et physiquement, sans mourir; qu'il fallait donc de la patience; que cela eût mieux valu même pour ces pauvres petits enfants; que c'était un acte de folie, à lui, malheureux homme chétif, de prendre violemment au collet la société tout entière et de se figurer qu'on sort de la misère par le vol; que c'était, dans tous les cas, une mauvaise porte pour sortir de la misère que celle par où l'on entre dans l'infamie; enfin qu'il avait eu tort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis il se demanda:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
S'il était le seul qui avait eu tort dans sa fatale histoire? Si d'abord ce n'était pas une chose grave qu'il eût, lui travailleur, manqué de travail, lui laborieux, manqué de pain. Si, ensuite, la faute commise et avouée, le châtiment n'avait pas été féroce et outré. S'il n'y avait pas plus d'abus de la part de la loi dans la peine qu'il n'y avait eu d'abus de la part du coupable dans la faute. S'il n'y avait pas excès de poids dans un des plateaux de la balance, celui où est l'expiation. Si la surcharge de la peine n'était point l'effacement du délit, et n'arrivait pas à ce résultat: de retourner la situation, de remplacer la faute du délinquant par la faute de la répression, de faire du coupable la victime et du débiteur le créancier, et de mettre définitivement le droit du côté de celui-là même qui l'avait violé. Si cette peine, compliquée des aggravations successives pour les tentatives d'évasion, ne finissait pas par être une sorte d'attentat du plus fort sur le plus faible, un crime de la société sur l'individu, un crime qui recommençait tous les jours, un crime qui durait dix-neuf ans.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il se demanda si la société humaine pouvait avoir le droit de faire également subir à ses membres, dans un cas son imprévoyance déraisonnable, et dans l'autre cas sa prévoyance impitoyable, et de saisir à jamais un pauvre homme entre un défaut et un excès, défaut de travail, excès de châtiment. S'il n'était pas exorbitant que la société traitât ainsi précisément ses membres les plus mal dotés dans la répartition de biens que fait le hasard, et par conséquent les plus dignes de ménagements.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces questions faites et résolues, il jugea la société et la condamna.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il la condamna sans haine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il la fit responsable du sort qu'il subissait, et se dit qu'il n'hésiterait peut-être pas à lui en demander compte un jour. Il se déclara à lui-même qu'il n'y avait pas équilibre entre le dommage qu'il avait causé et le dommage qu'on lui causait; il conclut enfin que son châtiment n'était pas, à la vérité, une injustice, mais qu'à coup sûr c'était une iniquité.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La colère peut être folle et absurde; on peut être irrité à tort; on n'est indigné que lorsqu'on a raison au fond par quelque côté. Jean Valjean se sentait indigné. Et puis, la société humaine ne lui avait fait que du mal. Jamais il n'avait vu d'elle que ce visage courroucé qu'elle appelle sa justice et qu'elle montre à ceux qu'elle frappe. Les hommes ne l'avaient touché que pour le meurtrir. Tout contact avec eux lui avait été un coup. Jamais, depuis son enfance, depuis sa mère, depuis sa sœur, jamais il n'avait rencontré une parole amie et un regard bienveillant. De souffrance en souffrance il arriva peu à peu à cette conviction que la vie était une guerre; et que dans cette guerre il était le vaincu. Il n'avait d'autre arme que sa haine. Il résolut de l'aiguiser au bagne et de l'emporter en s'en allant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il y avait à Toulon une école pour la chiourme tenue par des frères ignorantins où l'on enseignait le plus nécessaire à ceux de ces malheureux qui avaient de la bonne volonté. Il fut du nombre des hommes de bonne volonté. Il alla à l'école à quarante ans, et apprit à lire, à écrire, à compter. Il sentit que fortifier son intelligence, c'était fortifier sa haine. Dans certains cas, l'instruction et la lumière peuvent servir de rallonge au mal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cela est triste à dire, après avoir jugé la société qui avait fait son malheur, il jugea la providence qui avait fait la société.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il la condamna aussi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ainsi, pendant ces dix-neuf ans de torture et d'esclavage, cette âme monta et tomba en même temps. Il y entra de la lumière d'un côté et des ténèbres de l'autre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean n'était pas, on l'a vu, d'une nature mauvaise. Il était encore bon lorsqu'il arriva au bagne. Il y condamna la société et sentit qu'il devenait méchant, il y condamna la providence et sentit qu'il devenait impie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ici il est difficile de ne pas méditer un instant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La nature humaine se transforme-t-elle ainsi de fond en comble et tout à fait? L'homme créé bon par Dieu peut-il être fait méchant par l'homme? L'âme peut-elle être refaite tout d'une pièce par la destinée, et devenir mauvaise, la destinée étant mauvaise? Le cœur peut-il devenir difforme et contracter des laideurs et des infirmités incurables sous la pression d'un malheur disproportionné, comme la colonne vertébrale sous une voûte trop basse? N'y a-t-il pas dans toute âme humaine, n'y avait-il pas dans l'âme de Jean Valjean en particulier, une première étincelle, un élément divin, incorruptible dans ce monde, immortel dans l'autre, que le bien peut développer, attiser, allumer, enflammer et faire rayonner splendidement, et que le mal ne peut jamais entièrement éteindre?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Questions graves et obscures, à la dernière desquelles tout physiologiste eût probablement répondu non, et sans hésiter, s'il eût vu à Toulon, aux heures de repos qui étaient pour Jean Valjean des heures de rêverie, assis, les bras croisés, sur la barre de quelque cabestan, le bout de sa chaîne enfoncé dans sa poche pour l'empêcher de traîner, ce galérien morne, sérieux, silencieux et pensif, paria des lois qui regardait l'homme avec colère, damné de la civilisation qui regardait le ciel avec sévérité.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Certes, et nous ne voulons pas le dissimuler, le physiologiste observateur eût vu là une misère irrémédiable, il eût plaint peut-être ce malade du fait de la loi, mais il n'eût pas même essayé de traitement; il eût détourné le regard des cavernes qu'il aurait entrevues dans cette âme; et, comme Dante de la porte de l'enfer, il eût effacé de cette existence le mot que le doigt de Dieu écrit pourtant sur le front de tout homme: Espérance!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cet état de son âme que nous avons tenté d'analyser était-il aussi parfaitement clair pour Jean Valjean que nous avons essayé de le rendre pour ceux qui nous lisent? Jean Valjean voyait-il distinctement, après leur formation, et avait-il vu distinctement, à mesure qu'ils se formaient, tous les éléments dont se composait sa misère morale? Cet homme rude et illettré s'était-il bien nettement rendu compte de la succession d'idées par laquelle il était, degré à degré, monté et descendu jusqu'aux lugubres aspects qui étaient depuis tant d'années déjà l'horizon intérieur de son esprit? Avait-il bien conscience de tout ce qui s'était passé en lui et de tout ce qui s'y remuait? C'est ce que nous n'oserions dire; c'est même ce que nous ne croyons pas. Il y avait trop d'ignorance dans Jean Valjean pour que, même après tant de malheur, il n'y restât pas beaucoup de vague. Par moments il ne savait pas même bien au juste ce qu'il éprouvait. Jean Valjean était dans les ténèbres; il souffrait dans les ténèbres; il haïssait dans les ténèbres; on eût pu dire qu'il haïssait devant lui. Il vivait habituellement dans cette ombre, tâtonnant comme un aveugle et comme un rêveur. Seulement, par intervalles, il lui venait tout à coup, de lui-même ou du dehors, une secousse de colère, un surcroît de souffrance, un pâle et rapide éclair qui illuminait toute son âme, et faisait brusquement apparaître partout autour de lui, en avant et en arrière, aux lueurs d'une lumière affreuse, les hideux précipices et les sombres perspectives de sa destinée.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'éclair passé, la nuit retombait, et où était-il? il ne le savait plus.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le propre des peines de cette nature, dans lesquelles domine ce qui est impitoyable, c'est-à-dire ce qui est abrutissant. C'est de transformer peu à peu, par une sorte de transfiguration stupide, un homme en une bête fauve. Quelquefois en une bête féroce. Les tentatives d'évasion de Jean Valjean, successives et obstinées, suffiraient à prouver cet étrange travail fait par la loi sur l'âme humaine. Jean Valjean eût renouvelé ces tentatives, si parfaitement inutiles et folles, autant de fois que l'occasion s'en fût présentée, sans songer un instant au résultat, ni aux expériences déjà faites. Il s'échappait impétueusement comme le loup qui trouve la cage ouverte. L'instinct lui disait: sauve-toi! Le raisonnement lui eût dit: reste! Mais, devant une tentation si violente, le raisonnement avait disparu; il n'y avait plus que l'instinct. La bête seule agissait. Quand il était repris, les nouvelles sévérités qu'on lui infligeait ne servaient qu'à l'effarer davantage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un détail que nous ne devons pas omettre, c'est qu'il était d'une force physique dont n'approchait pas un des habitants du bagne. À la fatigue, pour filer un câble, pour virer un cabestan, Jean Valjean valait quatre hommes. Il soulevait et soutenait parfois d'énormes poids sur son dos, et remplaçait dans l'occasion cet instrument qu'on appelle cric et qu'on appelait jadis orgueil, d'où a pris nom, soit dit en passant, la rue Montorgueil près des halles de Paris. Ses camarades l'avaient surnommé Jean-le-Cric. Une fois, comme on réparait le balcon de l'hôtel de ville de Toulon, une des admirables cariatides de Puget qui soutiennent ce balcon se descella et faillit tomber. Jean Valjean, qui se trouvait là, soutint de l'épaule la cariatide et donna le temps aux ouvriers d'arriver.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sa souplesse dépassait encore sa vigueur. Certains forçats, rêveurs perpétuels d'évasions, finissent par faire de la force et de l'adresse combinées une véritable science. C'est la science des muscles. Toute une statique mystérieuse est quotidiennement pratiquée par les prisonniers, ces éternels envieux des mouches et des oiseaux. Gravir une verticale, et trouver des points d'appui là où l'on voit à peine une saillie, était un jeu pour Jean Valjean. Étant donné un angle de mur, avec la tension de son dos et de ses jarrets, avec ses coudes et ses talons emboîtés dans les aspérités de la pierre, il se hissait comme magiquement à un troisième étage. Quelquefois il montait ainsi jusqu'au toit du bagne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il parlait peu. Il ne riait pas. Il fallait quelque émotion extrême pour lui arracher, une ou deux fois l'an, ce lugubre rire du forçat qui est comme un écho du rire du démon. À le voir, il semblait occupé à regarder continuellement quelque chose de terrible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il était absorbé en effet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
À travers les perceptions maladives d'une nature incomplète et d'une intelligence accablée, il sentait confusément qu'une chose monstrueuse était sur lui. Dans cette pénombre obscure et blafarde où il rampait, chaque fois qu'il tournait le cou et qu'il essayait d'élever son regard, il voyait, avec une terreur mêlée de rage, s'échafauder, s'étager et monter à perte de vue au-dessus de lui, avec des escarpements horribles, une sorte d'entassement effrayant de choses, de lois, de préjugés, d'hommes et de faits, dont les contours lui échappaient, dont la masse l'épouvantait, et qui n'était autre chose que cette prodigieuse pyramide que nous appelons la civilisation. Il distinguait çà et là dans cet ensemble fourmillant et difforme, tantôt près de lui, tantôt loin et sur des plateaux inaccessibles, quelque groupe, quelque détail vivement éclairé, ici l'argousin et son bâton, ici le gendarme et son sabre, là-bas l'archevêque mitré, tout en haut, dans une sorte de soleil, l'empereur couronné et éblouissant. Il lui semblait que ces splendeurs lointaines, loin de dissiper sa nuit, la rendaient plus funèbre et plus noire. Tout cela, lois, préjugés, faits, hommes, choses, allait et venait au-dessus de lui, selon le mouvement compliqué et mystérieux que Dieu imprime à la civilisation, marchant sur lui et l'écrasant avec je ne sais quoi de paisible dans la cruauté et d'inexorable dans l'indifférence. Âmes tombées au fond de l'infortune possible, malheureux hommes perdus au plus bas de ces limbes où l'on ne regarde plus, les réprouvés de la loi sentent peser de tout son poids sur leur tête cette société humaine, si formidable pour qui est dehors, si effroyable pour qui est dessous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dans cette situation, Jean Valjean songeait, et quelle pouvait être la nature de sa rêverie?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Si le grain de mil sous la meule avait des pensées, il penserait sans doute ce que pensait Jean Valjean.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Toutes ces choses, réalités pleines de spectres, fantasmagories pleines de réalités, avaient fini par lui créer une sorte d'état intérieur presque inexprimable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Par moments, au milieu de son travail du bagne, il s'arrêtait. Il se mettait à penser. Sa raison, à la fois plus mûre et plus troublée qu'autrefois, se révoltait. Tout ce qui lui était arrivé lui paraissait absurde; tout ce qui l'entourait lui paraissait impossible. Il se disait: c'est un rêve. Il regardait l'argousin debout à quelques pas de lui; l'argousin lui semblait un fantôme; tout à coup le fantôme lui donnait un coup de bâton.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La nature visible existait à peine pour lui. Il serait presque vrai de dire qu'il n'y avait point pour Jean Valjean de soleil, ni de beaux jours d'été, ni de ciel rayonnant, ni de fraîches aubes d'avril. Je ne sais quel jour de soupirail éclairait habituellement son âme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pour résumer, en terminant, ce qui peut être résumé et traduit en résultats positifs dans tout ce que nous venons d'indiquer, nous nous bornerons à constater qu'en dix-neuf ans, Jean Valjean, l'inoffensif émondeur de Faverolles, le redoutable galérien de Toulon, était devenu capable, grâce à la manière dont le bagne l'avait façonné, de deux espèces de mauvaises actions: premièrement, d'une mauvaise action rapide, irréfléchie, pleine d'étourdissement, toute d'instinct, sorte de représaille pour le mal souffert; deuxièmement, d'une mauvaise action grave, sérieuse, débattue en conscience et méditée avec les idées fausses que peut donner un pareil malheur. Ses préméditations passaient par les trois phases successives que les natures d'une certaine trempe peuvent seules parcourir, raisonnement, volonté, obstination. Il avait pour mobiles l'indignation habituelle, l'amertume de l'âme, le profond sentiment des iniquités subies, la réaction, même contre les bons, les innocents et les justes, s'il y en a. Le point de départ comme le point d'arrivée de toutes ses pensées était la haine de la loi humaine; cette haine qui, si elle n'est arrêtée dans son développement par quelque incident providentiel, devient, dans un temps donné, la haine de la société, puis la haine du genre humain, puis la haine de la création, et se traduit par un vague et incessant et brutal désir de nuire, n'importe à qui, à un être vivant quelconque. Comme on voit, ce n'était pas sans raison que le passeport qualifiait Jean Valjean d'homme très dangereux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
D'année en année, cette âme s'était desséchée de plus en plus, lentement, mais fatalement. À cœur sec, œil sec. À sa sortie du bagne, il y avait dix-neuf ans qu'il n'avait versé une larme.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let us try to say it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is necessary that society should look at these things, because it is itself which creates them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was, as we have said, an ignorant man, but he was not a fool. The light of nature was ignited in him. Unhappiness, which also possesses a clearness of vision of its own, augmented the small amount of daylight which existed in this mind. Beneath the cudgel, beneath the chain, in the cell, in hardship, beneath the burning sun of the galleys, upon the plank bed of the convict, he withdrew into his own consciousness and meditated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He constituted himself the tribunal.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He began by putting himself on trial.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He recognized the fact that he was not an innocent man unjustly punished. He admitted that he had committed an extreme and blameworthy act; that that loaf of bread would probably not have been refused to him had he asked for it; that, in any case, it would have been better to wait until he could get it through compassion or through work; that it is not an unanswerable argument to say, &amp;quot;Can one wait when one is hungry?&amp;quot; That, in the first place, it is very rare for any one to die of hunger, literally; and next, that, fortunately or unfortunately, man is so constituted that he can suffer long and much, both morally and physically, without dying; that it is therefore necessary to have patience; that that would even have been better for those poor little children; that it had been an act of madness for him, a miserable, unfortunate wretch, to take society at large violently by the collar, and to imagine that one can escape from misery through theft; that that is in any case a poor door through which to escape from misery through which infamy enters; in short, that he was in the wrong.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then he asked himself--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Whether he had been the only one in fault in his fatal history. Whether it was not a serious thing, that he, a laborer, out of work, that he, an industrious man, should have lacked bread. And whether, the fault once committed and confessed, the chastisement had not been ferocious and disproportioned. Whether there had not been more abuse on the part of the law, in respect to the penalty, than there had been on the part of the culprit in respect to his fault. Whether there had not been an excess of weights in one balance of the scale, in the one which contains expiation. Whether the over-weight of the penalty was not equivalent to the annihilation of the crime, and did not result in reversing the situation, of replacing the fault of the delinquent by the fault of the repression, of converting the guilty man into the victim, and the debtor into the creditor, and of ranging the law definitely on the side of the man who had violated it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Whether this penalty, complicated by successive aggravations for attempts at escape, had not ended in becoming a sort of outrage perpetrated by the stronger upon the feebler, a crime of society against the individual, a crime which was being committed afresh every day, a crime which had lasted nineteen years.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He asked himself whether human society could have the right to force its members to suffer equally in one case for its own unreasonable lack of foresight, and in the other case for its pitiless foresight; and to seize a poor man forever between a defect and an excess, a default of work and an excess of punishment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Whether it was not outrageous for society to treat thus precisely those of its members who were the least well endowed in the division of goods made by chance, and consequently the most deserving of consideration.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These questions put and answered, he judged society and condemned it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He condemned it to his hatred.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He made it responsible for the fate which he was suffering, and he said to himself that it might be that one day he should not hesitate to call it to account. He declared to himself that there was no equilibrium between the harm which he had caused and the harm which was being done to him; he finally arrived at the conclusion that his punishment was not, in truth, unjust, but that it most assuredly was iniquitous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anger may be both foolish and absurd; one can be irritated wrongfully; one is exasperated only when there is some show of right on one's side at bottom. Jean Valjean felt himself exasperated.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And besides, human society had done him nothing but harm; he had never seen anything of it save that angry face which it calls Justice, and which it shows to those whom it strikes. Men had only touched him to bruise him. Every contact with them had been a blow. Never, since his infancy, since the days of his mother, of his sister, had he ever encountered a friendly word and a kindly glance. From suffering to suffering, he had gradually arrived at the conviction that life is a war; and that in this war he was the conquered. He had no other weapon than his hate. He resolved to whet it in the galleys and to bear it away with him when he departed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There was at Toulon a school for the convicts, kept by the Ignorantin friars, where the most necessary branches were taught to those of the unfortunate men who had a mind for them. He was of the number who had a mind. He went to school at the age of forty, and learned to read, to write, to cipher. He felt that to fortify his intelligence was to fortify his hate. In certain cases, education and enlightenment can serve to eke out evil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is a sad thing to say; after having judged society, which had caused his unhappiness, he judged Providence, which had made society, and he condemned it also.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thus during nineteen years of torture and slavery, this soul mounted and at the same time fell. Light entered it on one side, and darkness on the other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean had not, as we have seen, an evil nature. He was still good when he arrived at the galleys. He there condemned society, and felt that he was becoming wicked; he there condemned Providence, and was conscious that he was becoming impious.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is difficult not to indulge in meditation at this point.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Does human nature thus change utterly and from top to bottom? Can the man created good by God be rendered wicked by man? Can the soul be completely made over by fate, and become evil, fate being evil? Can the heart become misshapen and contract incurable deformities and infirmities under the oppression of a disproportionate unhappiness, as the vertebral column beneath too low a vault? Is there not in every human soul, was there not in the soul of Jean Valjean in particular, a first spark, a divine element, incorruptible in this world, immortal in the other, which good can develop, fan, ignite, and make to glow with splendor, and which evil can never wholly extinguish?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Grave and obscure questions, to the last of which every physiologist would probably have responded no, and that without hesitation, had he beheld at Toulon, during the hours of repose, which were for Jean Valjean hours of revery, this gloomy galley-slave, seated with folded arms upon the bar of some capstan, with the end of his chain thrust into his pocket to prevent its dragging, serious, silent, and thoughtful, a pariah of the laws which regarded the man with wrath, condemned by civilization, and regarding heaven with severity.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Certainly,--and we make no attempt to dissimulate the fact,-- the observing physiologist would have beheld an irremediable misery; he would, perchance, have pitied this sick man, of the law's making; but he would not have even essayed any treatment; he would have turned aside his gaze from the caverns of which he would have caught a glimpse within this soul, and, like Dante at the portals of hell, he would have effaced from this existence the word which the finger of God has, nevertheless, inscribed upon the brow of every man,--hope.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Was this state of his soul, which we have attempted to analyze, as perfectly clear to Jean Valjean as we have tried to render it for those who read us? Did Jean Valjean distinctly perceive, after their formation, and had he seen distinctly during the process of their formation, all the elements of which his moral misery was composed? Had this rough and unlettered man gathered a perfectly clear perception of the succession of ideas through which he had, by degrees, mounted and descended to the lugubrious aspects which had, for so many years, formed the inner horizon of his spirit? Was he conscious of all that passed within him, and of all that was working there? That is something which we do not presume to state; it is something which we do not even believe. There was too much ignorance in Jean Valjean, even after his misfortune, to prevent much vagueness from still lingering there. At times he did not rightly know himself what he felt. Jean Valjean was in the shadows; he suffered in the shadows; he hated in the shadows; one might have said that he hated in advance of himself. He dwelt habitually in this shadow, feeling his way like a blind man and a dreamer. Only, at intervals, there suddenly came to him, from without and from within, an access of wrath, a surcharge of suffering, a livid and rapid flash which illuminated his whole soul, and caused to appear abruptly all around him, in front, behind, amid the gleams of a frightful light, the hideous precipices and the sombre perspective of his destiny.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The flash passed, the night closed in again; and where was he? He no longer knew. The peculiarity of pains of this nature, in which that which is pitiless--that is to say, that which is brutalizing--predominates, is to transform a man, little by little, by a sort of stupid transfiguration, into a wild beast; sometimes into a ferocious beast.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Valjean's successive and obstinate attempts at escape would alone suffice to prove this strange working of the law upon the human soul. Jean Valjean would have renewed these attempts, utterly useless and foolish as they were, as often as the opportunity had presented itself, without reflecting for an instant on the result, nor on the experiences which he had already gone through. He escaped impetuously, like the wolf who finds his cage open. Instinct said to him, &amp;quot;Flee!&amp;quot; Reason would have said, &amp;quot;Remain!&amp;quot; But in the presence of so violent a temptation, reason vanished; nothing remained but instinct. The beast alone acted. When he was recaptured, the fresh severities inflicted on him only served to render him still more wild.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One detail, which we must not omit, is that he possessed a physical strength which was not approached by a single one of the denizens of the galleys. At work, at paying out a cable or winding up a capstan, Jean Valjean was worth four men. He sometimes lifted and sustained enormous weights on his back; and when the occasion demanded it, he replaced that implement which is called a jack-screw, and was formerly called orgueil [pride], whence, we may remark in passing, is derived the name of the Rue Montorgueil, near the Halles [Fishmarket] in Paris. His comrades had nicknamed him Jean the Jack-screw. Once, when they were repairing the balcony of the town-hall at Toulon, one of those admirable caryatids of Puget, which support the balcony, became loosened, and was on the point of falling. Jean Valjean, who was present, supported the caryatid with his shoulder, and gave the workmen time to arrive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
His suppleness even exceeded his strength. Certain convicts who were forever dreaming of escape, ended by making a veritable science of force and skill combined. It is the science of muscles. An entire system of mysterious statics is daily practised by prisoners, men who are forever envious of the flies and birds. To climb a vertical surface, and to find points of support where hardly a projection was visible, was play to Jean Valjean. An angle of the wall being given, with the tension of his back and legs, with his elbows and his heels fitted into the unevenness of the stone, he raised himself as if by magic to the third story. He sometimes mounted thus even to the roof of the galley prison.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He spoke but little. He laughed not at all. An excessive emotion was required to wring from him, once or twice a year, that lugubrious laugh of the convict, which is like the echo of the laugh of a demon. To all appearance, he seemed to be occupied in the constant contemplation of something terrible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He was absorbed, in fact.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Athwart the unhealthy perceptions of an incomplete nature and a crushed intelligence, he was confusedly conscious that some monstrous thing was resting on him. In that obscure and wan shadow within which he crawled, each time that he turned his neck and essayed to raise his glance, he perceived with terror, mingled with rage, a sort of frightful accumulation of things, collecting and mounting above him, beyond the range of his vision,-- laws, prejudices, men, and deeds,--whose outlines escaped him, whose mass terrified him, and which was nothing else than that prodigious pyramid which we call civilization. He distinguished, here and there in that swarming and formless mass, now near him, now afar off and on inaccessible table-lands, some group, some detail, vividly illuminated; here the galley-sergeant and his cudgel; there the gendarme and his sword; yonder the mitred archbishop; away at the top, like a sort of sun, the Emperor, crowned and dazzling. It seemed to him that these distant splendors, far from dissipating his night, rendered it more funereal and more black. All this-- laws, prejudices, deeds, men, things--went and came above him, over his head, in accordance with the complicated and mysterious movement which God imparts to civilization, walking over him and crushing him with I know not what peacefulness in its cruelty and inexorability in its indifference. Souls which have fallen to the bottom of all possible misfortune, unhappy men lost in the lowest of those limbos at which no one any longer looks, the reproved of the law, feel the whole weight of this human society, so formidable for him who is without, so frightful for him who is beneath, resting upon their heads.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this situation Jean Valjean meditated; and what could be the nature of his meditation?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
If the grain of millet beneath the millstone had thoughts, it would, doubtless, think that same thing which Jean Valjean thought.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All these things, realities full of spectres, phantasmagories full of realities, had eventually created for him a sort of interior state which is almost indescribable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
At times, amid his convict toil, he paused. He fell to thinking. His reason, at one and the same time riper and more troubled than of yore, rose in revolt. Everything which had happened to him seemed to him absurd; everything that surrounded him seemed to him impossible. He said to himself, &amp;quot;It is a dream.&amp;quot; He gazed at the galley-sergeant standing a few paces from him; the galley-sergeant seemed a phantom to him. All of a sudden the phantom dealt him a blow with his cudgel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Visible nature hardly existed for him. It would almost be true to say that there existed for Jean Valjean neither sun, nor fine summer days, nor radiant sky, nor fresh April dawns. I know not what vent-hole daylight habitually illumined his soul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To sum up, in conclusion, that which can be summed up and translated into positive results in all that we have just pointed out, we will confine ourselves to the statement that, in the course of nineteen years, Jean Valjean, the inoffensive tree-pruner of Faverolles, the formidable convict of Toulon, had become capable, thanks to the manner in which the galleys had moulded him, of two sorts of evil action: firstly, of evil action which was rapid, unpremeditated, dashing, entirely instinctive, in the nature of reprisals for the evil which he had undergone; secondly, of evil action which was serious, grave, consciously argued out and premeditated, with the false ideas which such a misfortune can furnish. His deliberate deeds passed through three successive phases, which natures of a certain stamp can alone traverse,--reasoning, will, perseverance. He had for moving causes his habitual wrath, bitterness of soul, a profound sense of indignities suffered, the reaction even against the good, the innocent, and the just, if there are any such. The point of departure, like the point of arrival, for all his thoughts, was hatred of human law; that hatred which, if it be not arrested in its development by some providential incident, becomes, within a given time, the hatred of society, then the hatred of the human race, then the hatred of creation, and which manifests itself by a vague, incessant, and brutal desire to do harm to some living being, no matter whom. It will be perceived that it was not without reason that Jean Valjean's passport described him as a very dangerous man.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From year to year this soul had dried away slowly, but with fatal sureness. When the heart is dry, the eye is dry. On his departure from the galleys it had been nineteen years since he had shed a tear.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_2/Chapter_6&amp;diff=188567</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 2/Chapter 6</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_2/Chapter_6&amp;diff=188567"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:40:37Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by 146.185.234.48 (talk) to last revision by Human-ithink&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Second: The Intestine of the Leviathan, Chapter 6: Future Progress&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre deuxième: L'intestin de Léviathan, Chapitre 6: Progrès futur)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le creusement de l'égout de Paris n'a pas été une petite besogne. Les dix derniers siècles y ont travaillé sans le pouvoir terminer, pas plus qu'ils n'ont pu finir Paris. L'égout, en effet, reçoit tous les contre-coups de la croissance de Paris. C'est, dans la terre, une sorte de polype ténébreux aux mille antennes qui grandit dessous en même temps que la ville dessus. Chaque fois que la ville perce une rue, l'égout allonge un bras. La vieille monarchie n'avait construit que vingt-trois mille trois cents mètres d'égouts; c'est là que Paris en était le 1er janvier 1806. À partir de cette époque, dont nous reparlerons tout à l'heure, l'œuvre a été utilement et énergiquement reprise et continuée; Napoléon a bâti, ces chiffres sont curieux, quatre mille huit cent quatre mètres; Louis XVIII, cinq mille sept cent neuf; Charles X, dix mille huit cent trente-six; Louis-Philippe, quatre-vingt-neuf mille vingt; la République de 1848, vingt-trois mille trois cent quatre-vingt-un; le régime actuel, soixante-dix mille cinq cents; en tout, à l'heure qu'il est, deux cent vingt-six mille six cent dix mètres, soixante lieues d'égout; entrailles énormes de Paris. Ramification obscure, toujours en travail; construction ignorée et immense.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comme on le voit, le dédale souterrain de Paris est aujourd'hui plus que décuple de ce qu'il était au commencement du siècle. On se figure malaisément tout ce qu'il a fallu de persévérance et d'efforts pour amener ce cloaque au point de perfection relative où il est maintenant. C'était à grand'peine que la vieille prévôté monarchique et, dans les dix dernières années du dix-huitième siècle, la mairie révolutionnaire étaient parvenues à forer les cinq lieues d'égouts qui existaient avant 1806. Tous les genres d'obstacles entravaient cette opération, les uns propres à la nature du sol, les autres inhérents aux préjugés mêmes de la population laborieuse de Paris. Paris est bâti sur un gisement étrangement rebelle à la pioche, à la houe, à la sonde, au maniement humain. Rien de plus difficile à percer et à pénétrer que cette formation géologique à laquelle se superpose la merveilleuse formation historique nommée Paris; dès que, sous une forme quelconque, le travail s'engage et s'aventure dans cette nappe d'alluvions, les résistances souterraines abondent. Ce sont des argiles liquides, des sources vives, des roches dures, de ces vases molles et profondes que la science spéciale appelle moutardes. Le pic avance laborieusement dans des lames calcaires alternées de filets de glaises très minces et de couches schisteuses aux feuillets incrustés d'écailles d'huîtres contemporaines des océans préadamites. Parfois un ruisseau crève brusquement une voûte commencée et inonde les travailleurs; ou c'est une coulée de marne qui se fait jour et se rue avec la furie d'une cataracte, brisant comme verre les plus grosses poutres de soutènement. Tout récemment, à la Villette, quand il a fallu, sans interrompre la navigation et sans vider le canal, faire passer l'égout collecteur sous le canal Saint-Martin, une fissure s'est faite dans la cuvette du canal, l'eau a abondé subitement dans le chantier souterrain, au delà de toute la puissance des pompes d'épuisement; il a fallu faire chercher par un plongeur la fissure qui était dans le goulet du grand bassin, et on ne l'a point bouchée sans peine. Ailleurs, près de la Seine, et même assez loin du fleuve, comme par exemple à Belleville, Grande-Rue et passage Lumière, on rencontre des sables sans fond où l'on s'enlise et où un homme peut fondre à vue d'œil. Ajoutez l'asphyxie par les miasmes, l'ensevelissement par les éboulements, les effondrements subits. Ajoutez le typhus, dont les travailleurs s'imprègnent lentement. De nos jours, après avoir creusé la galerie de Clichy, avec banquette pour recevoir une conduite maîtresse d'eau de l'Ourcq, travail exécuté en tranchée, à dix mètres de profondeur; après avoir, à travers les éboulements, à l'aide des fouilles, souvent putrides, et des étrésillonnements, voûté la Bièvre du boulevard de l'Hôpital jusqu'à la Seine; après avoir, pour délivrer Paris des eaux torrentielles de Montmartre et pour donner écoulement à cette mare fluviale de neuf hectares qui croupissait près de la barrière des Martyrs; après avoir, disons-nous, construit la ligne d'égouts de la barrière Blanche au chemin d'Aubervilliers, en quatre mois, jour et nuit, à une profondeur de onze mètres; après avoir, chose qu'on n'avait pas vue encore, exécuté souterrainement un égout rue Barre-du-Bec, sans tranchée, à six mètres au-dessous du sol, le conducteur Monnot est mort. Après avoir voûté trois mille mètres d'égouts sur tous les points de la ville, de la rue Traversière-Saint-Antoine à la rue de Lourcine, après avoir, par le branchement de l'Arbalète, déchargé des inondations pluviales le carrefour Censier-Mouffetard, après avoir bâti l'égout Saint-Georges sur enrochement et béton dans des sables fluides, après avoir dirigé le redoutable abaissement de radier du branchement Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, l'ingénieur Duleau est mort. Il n'y a pas de bulletin pour ces actes de bravoure-là, plus utiles pourtant que la tuerie bête des champs de bataille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les égouts de Paris, en 1832, étaient loin d'être ce qu'ils sont aujourd'hui. Bruneseau avait donné le branle, mais il fallait le choléra pour déterminer la vaste reconstruction qui a eu lieu depuis. Il est surprenant de dire, par exemple, qu'en 1821, une partie de l'égout de ceinture, dit Grand Canal, comme à Venise, croupissait encore à ciel ouvert, rue des Gourdes. Ce n'est qu'en 1823 que la ville de Paris a trouvé dans son gousset les deux cent soixante-six mille quatre-vingts francs six centimes nécessaires à la couverture de cette turpitude. Les trois puits absorbants du Combat, de la Cunette et de Saint-Mandé, avec leurs dégorgeoirs, leurs appareils, leurs puisards et leurs branchements dépuratoires, ne datent que de 1836. La voirie intestinale de Paris a été refaite à neuf et, comme nous l'avons dit, plus que décuplée depuis un quart de siècle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il y a trente ans, à l'époque de l'insurrection des 5 et 6 juin, c'était encore, dans beaucoup d'endroits, presque l'ancien égout. Un très grand nombre de rues, aujourd'hui bombées, étaient alors des chaussées fendues. On voyait très souvent, au point déclive où les versants d'une rue ou d'un carrefour aboutissaient, de larges grilles carrées à gros barreaux dont le fer luisait fourbu par les pas de la foule, dangereuses et glissantes aux voitures et faisant abattre les chevaux. La langue officielle des ponts et chaussées donnait à ces points déclives et à ces grilles le nom expressif de cassis. En 1832, dans une foule de rues, rue de l'Étoile, rue Saint-Louis, rue du Temple, rue Vieille-du-Temple, rue Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth, rue Folie-Méricourt, quai aux Fleurs, rue du Petit-Musc, rue de Normandie, rue Pont-aux-Biches, rue des Marais, faubourg Saint-Martin, rue Notre-Dame-des-Victoires, faubourg Montmartre, rue Grange-Batelière, aux Champs-Élysées, rue Jacob, rue de Tournon, le vieux cloaque gothique montrait encore cyniquement ses gueules. C'étaient d'énormes hiatus de pierre à cagnards, quelquefois entourés de bornes, avec une effronterie monumentale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paris, en 1806, en était encore presque au chiffre d'égouts constaté en mai 1663: cinq mille trois cent vingt-huit toises. Après Bruneseau, le 1er janvier 1832, il en avait quarante mille trois cents mètres. De 1806 à 1831, on avait bâti annuellement, en moyenne, sept cent cinquante mètres; depuis on a construit tous les ans huit et même dix mille mètres de galeries, en maçonnerie de petits matériaux à bain de chaux hydraulique sur fondation de béton. À deux cents francs le mètre, les soixante lieues d'égouts du Paris actuel représentent quarante-huit millions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Outre le progrès économique que nous avons indiqué en commençant, de graves problèmes d'hygiène publique se rattachent à cette immense question: l'égout de Paris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paris est entre deux nappes, une nappe d'eau et une nappe d'air. La nappe d'eau, gisante à une assez grande profondeur souterraine, mais déjà tâtée par deux forages, est fournie par la couche de grès vert située entre la craie et le calcaire jurassique; cette couche peut être représentée par un disque de vingt-cinq lieues de rayon; une foule de rivières et de ruisseaux y suintent; on boit la Seine, la Marne, l'Yonne, l'Oise, l'Aisne, le Cher, la Vienne et la Loire dans un verre d'eau du puits de Grenelle. La nappe d'eau est salubre, elle vient du ciel d'abord, de la terre ensuite; la nappe d'air est malsaine, elle vient de l'égout. Tous les miasmes du cloaque se mêlent à la respiration de la ville; de là cette mauvaise haleine. L'air pris au-dessus d'un fumier, ceci a été scientifiquement établi, est plus pur que l'air pris au-dessus de Paris. Dans un temps donné, le progrès aidant, les mécanismes se perfectionnant, et la clarté se faisant, on emploiera la nappe d'eau à purifier la nappe d'air. C'est-à-dire à laver l'égout. On sait que par lavage de l'égout, nous entendons restitution de la fange à la terre; renvoi du fumier au sol et de l'engrais aux champs. Il y aura, par ce simple fait, pour toute la communauté sociale, diminution de misère et augmentation de santé. À l'heure où nous sommes, le rayonnement des maladies de Paris va à cinquante lieues autour du Louvre, pris comme moyeu de cette route pestilentielle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On pourrait dire que, depuis dix siècles, le cloaque est la maladie de Paris. L'égout est le vice que la ville a dans le sang. L'instinct populaire ne s'y est jamais trompé. Le métier d'égoutier était autrefois presque aussi périlleux, et presque aussi répugnant au peuple, que le métier d'équarrisseur si longtemps frappé d'horreur et abandonné au bourreau. Il fallait une haute paye pour décider un maçon à disparaître dans cette sape fétide; l'échelle du puisatier hésitait à s'y plonger; on disait proverbialement: descendre dans l'égout, c'est entrer dans la fosse; et toutes sortes de légendes hideuses, nous l'avons dit, couvraient d'épouvante ce colossal évier; sentine redoutée qui a la trace des révolutions du globe comme des révolutions des hommes, et où l'on trouve des vestiges de tous les cataclysmes depuis le coquillage du déluge jusqu'au haillon de Marat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The excavation of the sewer of Paris has been no slight task. The last ten centuries have toiled at it without being able to bring it to a termination, any more than they have been able to finish Paris. The sewer, in fact, receives all the counter-shocks of the growth of Paris. Within the bosom of the earth, it is a sort of mysterious polyp with a thousand antennae, which expands below as the city expands above. Every time that the city cuts a street, the sewer stretches out an arm. The old monarchy had constructed only twenty-three thousand three hundred metres of sewers; that was where Paris stood in this respect on the first of January, 1806. Beginning with this epoch, of which we shall shortly speak, the work was usefully and energetically resumed and prosecuted; Napoleon built—the figures are curious—four thousand eight hundred and four metres; Louis XVIII., five thousand seven hundred and nine; Charles X., ten thousand eight hundred and thirty-six; Louis-Philippe, eighty-nine thousand and twenty; the Republic of 1848, twenty-three thousand three hundred and eighty-one; the present government, seventy thousand five hundred; in all, at the present time, two hundred and twenty-six thousand six hundred and ten metres; sixty leagues of sewers; the enormous entrails of Paris. An obscure ramification ever at work; a construction which is immense and ignored.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As the reader sees, the subterranean labyrinth of Paris is to-day more than ten times what it was at the beginning of the century. It is difficult to form any idea of all the perseverance and the efforts which have been required to bring this cess-pool to the point of relative perfection in which it now is. It was with great difficulty that the ancient monarchical provostship and, during the last ten years of the eighteenth century, the revolutionary mayoralty, had succeeded in perforating the five leagues of sewer which existed previous to 1806. All sorts of obstacles hindered this operation, some peculiar to the soil, others inherent in the very prejudices of the laborious population of Paris. Paris is built upon a soil which is singularly rebellious to the pick, the hoe, the bore, and to human manipulation. There is nothing more difficult to pierce and to penetrate than the geological formation upon which is superposed the marvellous historical formation called Paris; as soon as work in any form whatsoever is begun and adventures upon this stretch of alluvium, subterranean resistances abound. There are liquid clays, springs, hard rocks, and those soft and deep quagmires which special science calls moutardes. The pick advances laboriously through the calcareous layers alternating with very slender threads of clay, and schistose beds in plates incrusted with oyster-shells, the contemporaries of the pre-Adamite oceans. Sometimes a rivulet suddenly bursts through a vault that has been begun, and inundates the laborers; or a layer of marl is laid bare, and rolls down with the fury of a cataract, breaking the stoutest supporting beams like glass. Quite recently, at Villette, when it became necessary to pass the collecting sewer under the Saint-Martin canal without interrupting navigation or emptying the canal, a fissure appeared in the basin of the canal, water suddenly became abundant in the subterranean tunnel, which was beyond the power of the pumping engines; it was necessary to send a diver to explore the fissure which had been made in the narrow entrance of the grand basin, and it was not without great difficulty that it was stopped up. Elsewhere near the Seine, and even at a considerable distance from the river, as for instance, at Belleville, Grand-Rue and Lumiere Passage, quicksands are encountered in which one sticks fast, and in which a man sinks visibly. Add suffocation by miasmas, burial by slides, and sudden crumbling of the earth. Add the typhus, with which the workmen become slowly impregnated. In our own day, after having excavated the gallery of Clichy, with a banquette to receive the principal water-conduit of Ourcq, a piece of work which was executed in a trench ten metres deep; after having, in the midst of land-slides, and with the aid of excavations often putrid, and of shoring up, vaulted the Bievre from the Boulevard de l'Hopital, as far as the Seine; after having, in order to deliver Paris from the floods of Montmartre and in order to provide an outlet for that river-like pool nine hectares in extent, which crouched near the Barriere des Martyrs, after having, let us state, constructed the line of sewers from the Barriere Blanche to the road of Aubervilliers, in four months, working day and night, at a depth of eleven metres; after having—a thing heretofore unseen—made a subterranean sewer in the Rue Barre-du-Bec, without a trench, six metres below the surface, the superintendent, Monnot, died. After having vaulted three thousand metres of sewer in all quarters of the city, from the Rue Traversiere-Saint-Antoine to the Rue de l'Ourcine, after having freed the Carrefour Censier-Mouffetard from inundations of rain by means of the branch of the Arbalete, after having built the Saint-Georges sewer, on rock and concrete in the fluid sands, after having directed the formidable lowering of the flooring of the vault timber in the Notre-Dame-de-Nazareth branch, Duleau the engineer died. There are no bulletins for such acts of bravery as these, which are more useful, nevertheless, than the brutal slaughter of the field of battle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The sewers of Paris in 1832 were far from being what they are to-day. Bruneseau had given the impulse, but the cholera was required to bring about the vast reconstruction which took place later on. It is surprising to say, for example, that in 1821, a part of the belt sewer, called the Grand Canal, as in Venice, still stood stagnating uncovered to the sky, in the Rue des Gourdes. It was only in 1821 that the city of Paris found in its pocket the two hundred and sixty-thousand eighty francs and six centimes required for covering this mass of filth. The three absorbing wells, of the Combat, the Cunette, and Saint-Mande, with their discharging mouths, their apparatus, their cesspools, and their depuratory branches, only date from 1836. The intestinal sewer of Paris has been made over anew, and, as we have said, it has been extended more than tenfold within the last quarter of a century.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thirty years ago, at the epoch of the insurrection of the 5th and 6th of June, it was still, in many localities, nearly the same ancient sewer. A very great number of streets which are now convex were then sunken causeways. At the end of a slope, where the tributaries of a street or cross-roads ended, there were often to be seen large, square gratings with heavy bars, whose iron, polished by the footsteps of the throng, gleamed dangerous and slippery for vehicles, and caused horses to fall. The official language of the Roads and Bridges gave to these gratings the expressive name of Cassis.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1832, in a number of streets, in the Rue de l'Etoile, the Rue Saint-Louis, the Rue du Temple, the Rue Vielle-duTemple, the Rue Notre-Dame de Nazareth, the Rue Folie-Mericourt, the Quai aux Fleurs, the Rue du Petit-Muse, the Rue du Normandie, the Rue Pont-Aux-Biches, the Rue des Marais, the Faubourg Saint-Martin, the Rue Notre Dame des-Victoires, the Faubourg Montmartre, the Rue Grange-Bateliere, in the Champs-Elysees, the Rue Jacob, the Rue de Tournon, the ancient gothic sewer still cynically displayed its maw. It consisted of enormous voids of stone catch-basins sometimes surrounded by stone posts, with monumental effrontery.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paris in 1806 still had nearly the same sewers numerically as stated in 1663; five thousand three hundred fathoms. After Bruneseau, on the 1st of January, 1832, it had forty thousand three hundred metres. Between 1806 and 1831, there had been built, on an average, seven hundred and fifty metres annually, afterwards eight and even ten thousand metres of galleries were constructed every year, in masonry, of small stones, with hydraulic mortar which hardens under water, on a cement foundation. At two hundred francs the metre, the sixty leagues of Paris' sewers of the present day represent forty-eight millions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In addition to the economic progress which we have indicated at the beginning, grave problems of public hygiene are connected with that immense question: the sewers of Paris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Paris is the centre of two sheets, a sheet of water and a sheet of air. The sheet of water, lying at a tolerably great depth underground, but already sounded by two bores, is furnished by the layer of green clay situated between the chalk and the Jurassic lime-stone; this layer may be represented by a disk five and twenty leagues in circumference; a multitude of rivers and brooks ooze there; one drinks the Seine, the Marne, the Yonne, the Oise, the Aisne, the Cher, the Vienne and the Loire in a glass of water from the well of Grenelle. The sheet of water is healthy, it comes from heaven in the first place and next from the earth; the sheet of air is unhealthy, it comes from the sewer. All the miasms of the cess-pool are mingled with the breath of the city; hence this bad breath. The air taken from above a dung-heap, as has been scientifically proved, is purer than the air taken from above Paris. In a given time, with the aid of progress, mechanisms become perfected, and as light increases, the sheet of water will be employed to purify the sheet of air; that is to say, to wash the sewer. The reader knows, that by &amp;quot;washing the sewer&amp;quot; we mean: the restitution of the filth to the earth; the return to the soil of dung and of manure to the fields. Through this simple act, the entire social community will experience a diminution of misery and an augmentation of health. At the present hour, the radiation of diseases from Paris extends to fifty leagues around the Louvre, taken as the hub of this pestilential wheel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We might say that, for ten centuries, the cess-pool has been the disease of Paris. The sewer is the blemish which Paris has in her blood. The popular instinct has never been deceived in it. The occupation of sewermen was formerly almost as perilous, and almost as repugnant to the people, as the occupation of knacker, which was so long held in horror and handed over to the executioner. High wages were necessary to induce a mason to disappear in that fetid mine; the ladder of the cess-pool cleaner hesitated to plunge into it; it was said, in proverbial form: &amp;quot;to descend into the sewer is to enter the grave;&amp;quot; and all sorts of hideous legends, as we have said, covered this colossal sink with terror; a dread sink-hole which bears the traces of the revolutions of the globe as of the revolutions of man, and where are to be found vestiges of all cataclysms from the shells of the Deluge to the rag of Marat.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;moutardes&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
Mustards. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''Les Misérables. Complete in Five Volumes.'' Trans. Isabel F Hapgood. Project Gutenberg eBook, 2008.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===&amp;quot;Cassis&amp;quot;===&lt;br /&gt;
From casser, to break: break-necks. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;hapgood&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
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	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_4&amp;diff=188565</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_4&amp;diff=188565"/>
		<updated>2016-03-02T08:24:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: SPAM: Undo revision 667 by 213.238.175.29 (talk)&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 4: Works Corresponding to Words&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un Juste, Chapitre 4: Les &amp;amp;oelig;uvres semblables aux paroles)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
Sa conversation &amp;amp;eacute;tait affable et gaie. Il se mettait &amp;amp;agrave; la port&amp;amp;eacute;e des deux vieilles femmes qui passaient leur vie pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de lui; quand il riait, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait le rire d'un &amp;amp;eacute;colier.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire l'appelait volontiers ''Votre Grandeur''. Un jour, il se leva de son fauteuil et alla &amp;amp;agrave; sa biblioth&amp;amp;egrave;que chercher un livre. Ce livre &amp;amp;eacute;tait sur un des rayons d'en haut. Comme l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;tait d'assez petite taille, il ne put y atteindre.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Madame Magloire, dit-il, apportez-moi une chaise. Ma grandeur ne va pas jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; cette planche.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une de ses parentes &amp;amp;eacute;loign&amp;amp;eacute;es, madame la comtesse de L&amp;amp;ocirc;, laissait rarement &amp;amp;eacute;chapper une occasion d'&amp;amp;eacute;num&amp;amp;eacute;rer en sa pr&amp;amp;eacute;sence ce qu'elle appelait &amp;amp;laquo;les esp&amp;amp;eacute;rances&amp;amp;raquo; de ses trois fils. Elle avait plusieurs ascendants fort vieux et proches de la mort dont ses fils &amp;amp;eacute;taient naturellement les h&amp;amp;eacute;ritiers. Le plus jeune des trois avait &amp;amp;agrave; recueillir d'une grand'tante cent bonnes mille livres de rentes; le deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;me &amp;amp;eacute;tait substitu&amp;amp;eacute; au titre de duc de son oncle; l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; devait succ&amp;amp;eacute;der &amp;amp;agrave; la pairie de son a&amp;amp;iuml;eul. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;coutait habituellement en silence ces innocents et pardonnables &amp;amp;eacute;talages maternels. Une fois pourtant, il paraissait plus r&amp;amp;ecirc;veur que de coutume, tandis que madame de L&amp;amp;ocirc; renouvelait le d&amp;amp;eacute;tail de toutes ces successions et de toutes ces &amp;amp;laquo;esp&amp;amp;eacute;rances&amp;amp;raquo;. Elle s'interrompit avec quelque impatience:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mon Dieu, mon cousin! mais &amp;amp;agrave; quoi songez-vous donc?&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je songe, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, &amp;amp;agrave; quelque chose de singulier qui est, je crois, dans saint Augustin: &amp;amp;laquo;Mettez votre esp&amp;amp;eacute;rance dans celui auquel on ne succ&amp;amp;egrave;de point.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une autre fois, recevant une lettre de faire-part du d&amp;amp;eacute;c&amp;amp;egrave;s d'un gentilhomme du pays, o&amp;amp;ugrave; s'&amp;amp;eacute;talaient en une longue page, outre les dignit&amp;amp;eacute;s du d&amp;amp;eacute;funt, toutes les qualifications f&amp;amp;eacute;odales et nobiliaires de tous ses parents:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quel bon dos a la mort! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria-t-il. Quelle admirable charge de titres on lui fait all&amp;amp;egrave;grement porter, et comme il faut que les hommes aient de l'esprit pour employer ainsi la tombe &amp;amp;agrave; la vanit&amp;amp;eacute;!&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il avait dans l'occasion une raillerie douce qui contenait presque toujours un sens s&amp;amp;eacute;rieux. Pendant un car&amp;amp;ecirc;me, un jeune vicaire vint &amp;amp;agrave; Digne et pr&amp;amp;ecirc;cha dans la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale. Il fut assez &amp;amp;eacute;loquent. Le sujet de son sermon &amp;amp;eacute;tait la charit&amp;amp;eacute;. Il invita les riches &amp;amp;agrave; donner aux indigents, afin d'&amp;amp;eacute;viter l'enfer qu'il peignit le plus effroyable qu'il put et de gagner le paradis qu'il fit d&amp;amp;eacute;sirable et charmant. Il y avait dans l'auditoire un riche marchand retir&amp;amp;eacute;, un peu usurier, nomm&amp;amp;eacute; M. G&amp;amp;eacute;borand, lequel avait gagn&amp;amp;eacute; un demi-million &amp;amp;agrave; fabriquer de gros draps, des serges, des cadis et des gasquets. De sa vie M. G&amp;amp;eacute;borand n'avait fait l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;ne &amp;amp;agrave; un malheureux. &amp;amp;Agrave; partir de ce sermon, on remarqua qu'il donnait tous les dimanches un sou aux vieilles mendiantes du portail de la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale. Elles &amp;amp;eacute;taient six &amp;amp;agrave; se partager cela. Un jour, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que le vit faisant sa charit&amp;amp;eacute; et dit &amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur avec un sourire:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Voil&amp;amp;agrave; monsieur G&amp;amp;eacute;borand qui ach&amp;amp;egrave;te pour un sou de paradis.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand il s'agissait de charit&amp;amp;eacute;, il ne se rebutait pas, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me devant un refus, et il trouvait alors des mots qui faisaient r&amp;amp;eacute;fl&amp;amp;eacute;chir. Une fois, il qu&amp;amp;ecirc;tait pour les pauvres dans un salon de la ville. Il y avait l&amp;amp;agrave; le marquis de Champtercier, vieux, riche, avare, lequel trouvait moyen d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre tout ensemble ultra-royaliste et ultra-voltairien. Cette vari&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; a exist&amp;amp;eacute;. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, arriv&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; lui, lui toucha le bras.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le marquis, il faut que vous me donniez quelque chose.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le marquis se retourna et r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit s&amp;amp;egrave;chement:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, j'ai mes pauvres.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Donnez-les-moi, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Un jour, dans la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale, il fit ce sermon.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Mes tr&amp;amp;egrave;s chers fr&amp;amp;egrave;res, mes bons amis, il y a en France treize cent vingt mille maisons de paysans qui n'ont que trois ouvertures, dix-huit cent dix-sept mille qui ont deux ouvertures, la porte et une fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tre, et enfin trois cent quarante-six mille cabanes qui n'ont qu'une ouverture, la porte. Et cela, &amp;amp;agrave; cause d'une chose qu'on appelle l'imp&amp;amp;ocirc;t des portes et fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres. Mettez-moi de pauvres familles, des vieilles femmes, des petits enfants, dans ces logis-l&amp;amp;agrave;, et voyez les fi&amp;amp;egrave;vres et les maladies. H&amp;amp;eacute;las! Dieu donne l'air aux hommes, la loi le leur vend. Je n'accuse pas la loi, mais je b&amp;amp;eacute;nis Dieu. Dans l'Is&amp;amp;egrave;re, dans le Var, dans les deux Alpes, les hautes et les basses, les paysans n'ont pas m&amp;amp;ecirc;me de brouettes, ils transportent les engrais &amp;amp;agrave; dos d'hommes; ils n'ont pas de chandelles, et ils br&amp;amp;ucirc;lent des b&amp;amp;acirc;tons r&amp;amp;eacute;sineux et des bouts de corde tremp&amp;amp;eacute;s dans la poix r&amp;amp;eacute;sine. C'est comme cela dans tout le pays haut du Dauphin&amp;amp;eacute;. Ils font le pain pour six mois, ils le font cuire avec de la bouse de vache s&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute;e. L'hiver, ils cassent ce pain &amp;amp;agrave; coups de hache et ils le font tremper dans l'eau vingt-quatre heures pour pouvoir le manger.&amp;amp;mdash;Mes fr&amp;amp;egrave;res, ayez piti&amp;amp;eacute;! voyez comme on souffre autour de vous.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
N&amp;amp;eacute; proven&amp;amp;ccedil;al, il s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait facilement familiaris&amp;amp;eacute; avec tous les patois du midi. Il disait: &amp;amp;laquo;''Eh b&amp;amp;eacute;! moussu, s&amp;amp;egrave;s sag&amp;amp;eacute;?''&amp;amp;raquo; comme dans le bas Languedoc. &amp;amp;laquo;''Ont&amp;amp;eacute; anaras passa?''&amp;amp;raquo; comme dans les basses Alpes. &amp;amp;laquo;''Puerte un bouen moutou embe un bouen froumage grase''&amp;amp;raquo;, comme dans le haut Dauphin&amp;amp;eacute;. Ceci plaisait au peuple, et n'avait pas peu contribu&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; lui donner acc&amp;amp;egrave;s pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de tous les esprits. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait dans la chaumi&amp;amp;egrave;re et dans la montagne comme chez lui. Il savait dire les choses les plus grandes dans les idiomes les plus vulgaires. Parlant toutes les langues, il entrait dans toutes les &amp;amp;acirc;mes. Du reste, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pour les gens du monde et pour les gens du peuple. Il ne condamnait rien h&amp;amp;acirc;tivement, et sans tenir compte des circonstances environnantes. Il disait:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Voyons le chemin par o&amp;amp;ugrave; la faute a pass&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Eacute;tant, comme il se qualifiait lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me en souriant, un ''ex-p&amp;amp;eacute;cheur'', il n'avait aucun des escarpements du rigorisme, et il professait assez haut, et sans le froncement de sourcil des vertueux f&amp;amp;eacute;roces, une doctrine qu'on pourrait r&amp;amp;eacute;sumer &amp;amp;agrave; peu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s ainsi:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;L'homme a sur lui la chair qui est tout &amp;amp;agrave; la fois son fardeau et sa tentation. Il la tra&amp;amp;icirc;ne et lui c&amp;amp;egrave;de.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Il doit la surveiller, la contenir, la r&amp;amp;eacute;primer, et ne lui ob&amp;amp;eacute;ir qu'&amp;amp;agrave; la derni&amp;amp;egrave;re extr&amp;amp;eacute;mit&amp;amp;eacute;. Dans cette ob&amp;amp;eacute;issance-l&amp;amp;agrave;, il peut encore y avoir de la faute; mais la faute, ainsi faite, est v&amp;amp;eacute;nielle. C'est une chute, mais une chute sur les genoux, qui peut s'achever en pri&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;&amp;amp;Ecirc;tre un saint, c'est l'exception; &amp;amp;ecirc;tre un juste, c'est la r&amp;amp;egrave;gle. Errez, d&amp;amp;eacute;faillez, p&amp;amp;eacute;chez, mais soyez des justes.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Le moins de p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; possible, c'est la loi de l'homme. Pas de p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; du tout est le r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve de l'ange. Tout ce qui est terrestre est soumis au p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute;. Le p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; est une gravitation.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand il voyait tout le monde crier bien fort et s'indigner bien vite:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oh! oh! disait-il en souriant, il y a apparence que ceci est un gros crime que tout le monde commet. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; les hypocrisies effar&amp;amp;eacute;es qui se d&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;ecirc;chent de protester et de se mettre &amp;amp;agrave; couvert.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait indulgent pour les femmes et les pauvres sur qui p&amp;amp;egrave;se le poids de la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; humaine. Il disait:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Les fautes des femmes, des enfants, des serviteurs, des faibles, des indigents et des ignorants sont la faute des maris, des p&amp;amp;egrave;res, des ma&amp;amp;icirc;tres, des forts, des riches et des savants.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il disait encore:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; ceux qui ignorent, enseignez-leur le plus de choses que vous pourrez; la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; est coupable de ne pas donner l'instruction gratis; elle r&amp;amp;eacute;pond de la nuit qu'elle produit. Cette &amp;amp;acirc;me est pleine d'ombre, le p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; s'y commet. Le coupable n'est pas celui qui y fait le p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute;, mais celui qui y a fait l'ombre.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comme on voit, il avait une mani&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;trange et &amp;amp;agrave; lui de juger les choses. Je soup&amp;amp;ccedil;onne qu'il avait pris cela dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;vangile.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il entendit un jour conter dans un salon un proc&amp;amp;egrave;s criminel qu'on instruisait et qu'on allait juger. Un mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable homme, par amour pour une femme et pour l'enfant qu'il avait d'elle, &amp;amp;agrave; bout de ressources, avait fait de la fausse monnaie. La fausse monnaie &amp;amp;eacute;tait encore punie de mort &amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque. La femme avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; arr&amp;amp;ecirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;eacute;mettant la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re pi&amp;amp;egrave;ce fausse fabriqu&amp;amp;eacute;e par l'homme. On la tenait, mais on n'avait de preuves que contre elle. Elle seule pouvait charger son amant et le perdre en avouant. Elle nia. On insista. Elle s'obstina &amp;amp;agrave; nier. Sur ce, le procureur du roi avait eu une id&amp;amp;eacute;e. Il avait suppos&amp;amp;eacute; une infid&amp;amp;eacute;lit&amp;amp;eacute; de l'amant, et &amp;amp;eacute;tait parvenu, avec des fragments de lettres savamment pr&amp;amp;eacute;sent&amp;amp;eacute;s, &amp;amp;agrave; persuader &amp;amp;agrave; la malheureuse qu'elle avait une rivale et que cet homme la trompait. Alors, exasp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;e de jalousie, elle avait d&amp;amp;eacute;nonc&amp;amp;eacute; son amant, tout avou&amp;amp;eacute;, tout prouv&amp;amp;eacute;. L'homme &amp;amp;eacute;tait perdu. Il allait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre prochainement jug&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; Aix avec sa complice. On racontait le fait, et chacun s'extasiait sur l'habilet&amp;amp;eacute; du magistrat. En mettant la jalousie en jeu, il avait fait jaillir la v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute; par la col&amp;amp;egrave;re, il avait fait sortir la justice de la vengeance. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;coutait tout cela en silence. Quand ce fut fini, il demanda:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;O&amp;amp;ugrave; jugera-t-on cet homme et cette femme?&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; la cour d'assises.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et o&amp;amp;ugrave; jugera-t-on monsieur le procureur du roi?&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il arriva &amp;amp;agrave; Digne une aventure tragique. Un homme fut condamn&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; mort pour meurtre. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un malheureux pas tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait lettr&amp;amp;eacute;, pas tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait ignorant, qui avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; bateleur dans les foires et &amp;amp;eacute;crivain public. Le proc&amp;amp;egrave;s occupa beaucoup la ville. La veille du jour fix&amp;amp;eacute; pour l'ex&amp;amp;eacute;cution du condamn&amp;amp;eacute;, l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;nier de la prison tomba malade. Il fallait un pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pour assister le patient &amp;amp;agrave; ses derniers moments. On alla chercher le cur&amp;amp;eacute;. Il para&amp;amp;icirc;t qu'il refusa en disant: Cela ne me regarde pas. Je n'ai que faire de cette corv&amp;amp;eacute;e et de ce saltimbanque; moi aussi, je suis malade; d'ailleurs ce n'est pas l&amp;amp;agrave; ma place. On rapporta cette r&amp;amp;eacute;ponse &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que qui dit:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le cur&amp;amp;eacute; a raison. Ce n'est pas sa place, c'est la mienne.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il alla sur-le-champ &amp;amp;agrave; la prison, il descendit au cabanon du &amp;amp;laquo;saltimbanque&amp;amp;raquo;, il l'appela par son nom, lui prit la main et lui parla. Il passa toute la journ&amp;amp;eacute;e et toute la nuit pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de lui, oubliant la nourriture et le sommeil, priant Dieu pour l'&amp;amp;acirc;me du condamn&amp;amp;eacute; et priant le condamn&amp;amp;eacute; pour la sienne propre. Il lui dit les meilleures v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;s qui sont les plus simples. Il fut p&amp;amp;egrave;re, fr&amp;amp;egrave;re, ami; &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que pour b&amp;amp;eacute;nir seulement. Il lui enseigna tout, en le rassurant et en le consolant. Cet homme allait mourir d&amp;amp;eacute;sesp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;. La mort &amp;amp;eacute;tait pour lui comme un ab&amp;amp;icirc;me. Debout et fr&amp;amp;eacute;missant sur ce seuil lugubre, il reculait avec horreur. Il n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait pas assez ignorant pour &amp;amp;ecirc;tre absolument indiff&amp;amp;eacute;rent. Sa condamnation, secousse profonde, avait en quelque sorte rompu &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; autour de lui cette cloison qui nous s&amp;amp;eacute;pare du myst&amp;amp;egrave;re des choses et que nous appelons la vie. Il regardait sans cesse au dehors de ce monde par ces br&amp;amp;egrave;ches fatales, et ne voyait que des t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que lui fit voir une clart&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le lendemain, quand on vint chercher le malheureux, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;tait l&amp;amp;agrave;. Il le suivit. Il se montra aux yeux de la foule en camail violet et avec sa croix &amp;amp;eacute;piscopale au cou, c&amp;amp;ocirc;te &amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;te avec ce mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable li&amp;amp;eacute; de cordes.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il monta sur la charrette avec lui, il monta sur l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud avec lui. Le patient, si morne et si accabl&amp;amp;eacute; la veille, &amp;amp;eacute;tait rayonnant. Il sentait que son &amp;amp;acirc;me &amp;amp;eacute;tait r&amp;amp;eacute;concili&amp;amp;eacute;e et il esp&amp;amp;eacute;rait Dieu. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que l'embrassa, et, au moment o&amp;amp;ugrave; le couteau allait tomber, il lui dit:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Celui que l'homme tue, Dieu le ressuscite; celui que les fr&amp;amp;egrave;res chassent retrouve le P&amp;amp;egrave;re. Priez, croyez, entrez dans la vie! le P&amp;amp;egrave;re est l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand il redescendit de l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud, il avait quelque chose dans son regard qui fit ranger le peuple. On ne savait ce qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait le plus admirable de sa p&amp;amp;acirc;leur ou de sa s&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;nit&amp;amp;eacute;. En rentrant &amp;amp;agrave; cet humble logis qu'il appelait en souriant son palais, il dit &amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je viens d'officier pontificalement.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Comme les choses les plus sublimes sont souvent aussi les choses les moins comprises, il y eut dans la ville des gens qui dirent, en commentant cette conduite de l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que: &amp;amp;laquo;C'est de l'affectation.&amp;amp;raquo; Ceci ne fut du reste qu'un propos de salons. Le peuple, qui n'entend pas malice aux actions saintes, fut attendri et admira.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, avoir vu la guillotine fut pour lui un choc, et il fut longtemps &amp;amp;agrave; s'en remettre.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud, en effet, quand il est l&amp;amp;agrave;, dress&amp;amp;eacute; et debout, a quelque chose qui hallucine. On peut avoir une certaine indiff&amp;amp;eacute;rence sur la peine de mort, ne point se prononcer, dire oui et non, tant qu'on n'a pas vu de ses yeux une guillotine; mais si l'on en rencontre une, la secousse est violente, il faut se d&amp;amp;eacute;cider et prendre parti pour ou contre. Les uns admirent, comme de Maistre; les autres ex&amp;amp;egrave;crent, comme Beccaria. La guillotine est la concr&amp;amp;eacute;tion de la loi; elle se nomme ''vindicte;'' elle n'est pas neutre, et ne vous permet pas de rester neutre. Qui l'aper&amp;amp;ccedil;oit frissonne du plus myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieux des frissons. Toutes les questions sociales dressent autour de ce couperet leur point d'interrogation. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud est vision. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud n'est pas une charpente, l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud n'est pas une machine, l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud n'est pas une m&amp;amp;eacute;canique inerte faite de bois, de fer et de cordes. Il semble que ce soit une sorte d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qui a je ne sais quelle sombre initiative; on dirait que cette charpente voit, que cette machine entend, que cette m&amp;amp;eacute;canique comprend, que ce bois, ce fer et ces cordes veulent. Dans la r&amp;amp;ecirc;verie affreuse o&amp;amp;ugrave; sa pr&amp;amp;eacute;sence jette l'&amp;amp;acirc;me, l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud appara&amp;amp;icirc;t terrible et se m&amp;amp;ecirc;lant de ce qu'il fait. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud est le complice du bourreau; il d&amp;amp;eacute;vore; il mange de la chair, il boit du sang. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud est une sorte de monstre fabriqu&amp;amp;eacute; par le juge et par le charpentier, un spectre qui semble vivre d'une esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de vie &amp;amp;eacute;pouvantable faite de toute la mort qu'il a donn&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Aussi l'impression fut-elle horrible et profonde; le lendemain de l'ex&amp;amp;eacute;cution et beaucoup de jours encore apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que parut accabl&amp;amp;eacute;. La s&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;nit&amp;amp;eacute; presque violente du moment fun&amp;amp;egrave;bre avait disparu: le fant&amp;amp;ocirc;me de la justice sociale l'obs&amp;amp;eacute;dait. Lui qui d'ordinaire revenait de toutes ses actions avec une satisfaction si rayonnante, il semblait qu'il se f&amp;amp;icirc;t un reproche. Par moments, il se parlait &amp;amp;agrave; lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, et b&amp;amp;eacute;gayait &amp;amp;agrave; demi-voix des monologues lugubres. En voici un que sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur entendit un soir et recueillit:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je ne croyais pas que cela f&amp;amp;ucirc;t si monstrueux. C'est un tort de s'absorber dans la loi divine au point de ne plus s'apercevoir de la loi humaine. La mort n'appartient qu'&amp;amp;agrave; Dieu. De quel droit les hommes touchent-ils &amp;amp;agrave; cette chose inconnue?&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Avec le temps ces impressions s'att&amp;amp;eacute;nu&amp;amp;egrave;rent, et probablement s'effac&amp;amp;egrave;rent. Cependant on remarqua que l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;vitait d&amp;amp;eacute;sormais de passer sur la place des ex&amp;amp;eacute;cutions. On pouvait appeler M. Myriel &amp;amp;agrave; toute heure au chevet des malades et des mourants. Il n'ignorait pas que l&amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;tait son plus grand devoir et son plus grand travail. Les familles veuves ou orphelines n'avaient pas besoin de le demander, il arrivait de lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me. Il savait s'asseoir et se taire de longues heures aupr&amp;amp;egrave;s de l'homme qui avait perdu la femme qu'il aimait, de la m&amp;amp;egrave;re qui avait perdu son enfant. Comme il savait le moment de se taire, il savait aussi le moment de parler. &amp;amp;Ocirc; admirable consolateur! il ne cherchait pas &amp;amp;agrave; effacer la douleur par l'oubli, mais &amp;amp;agrave; l'agrandir et &amp;amp;agrave; la dignifier par l'esp&amp;amp;eacute;rance. Il disait:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Prenez garde &amp;amp;agrave; la fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on dont vous vous tournez vers les morts. Ne songez pas &amp;amp;agrave; ce qui pourrit. Regardez fixement. Vous apercevrez la lueur vivante de votre mort bien-aim&amp;amp;eacute; au fond du ciel.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il savait que la croyance est saine. Il cherchait &amp;amp;agrave; conseiller et &amp;amp;agrave; calmer l'homme d&amp;amp;eacute;sesp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute; en lui indiquant du doigt l'homme r&amp;amp;eacute;sign&amp;amp;eacute;, et &amp;amp;agrave; transformer la douleur qui regarde une fosse en lui montrant la douleur qui regarde une &amp;amp;eacute;toile.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
His conversation was gay and affable. He put himself on a level with the two old women who had passed their lives beside him. When he laughed, it was the laugh of a schoolboy. Madame Magloire liked to call him Your Grace [Votre Grandeur]. One day he rose from his arm-chair, and went to his library in search of a book. This book was on one of the upper shelves. As the bishop was rather short of stature, he could not reach it. &amp;quot;Madame Magloire,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;fetch me a chair. My greatness [grandeur] does not reach as far as that shelf.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One of his distant relatives, Madame la Comtesse de Lo, rarely allowed an opportunity to escape of enumerating, in his presence, what she designated as &amp;quot;the expectations&amp;quot; of her three sons. She had numerous relatives, who were very old and near to death, and of whom her sons were the natural heirs. The youngest of the three was to receive from a grand-aunt a good hundred thousand livres of income; the second was the heir by entail to the title of the Duke, his uncle; the eldest was to succeed to the peerage of his grandfather. The Bishop was accustomed to listen in silence to these innocent and pardonable maternal boasts. On one occasion, however, he appeared to be more thoughtful than usual, while Madame de Lo was relating once again the details of all these inheritances and all these &amp;quot;expectations.&amp;quot; She interrupted herself impatiently: &amp;quot;Mon Dieu, cousin! What are you thinking about?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;I am thinking,&amp;quot; replied the Bishop, &amp;quot;of a singular remark, which is to be found, I believe, in St. Augustine,&amp;amp;mdash;'Place your hopes in the man from whom you do not inherit.'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At another time, on receiving a notification of the decease of a gentleman of the country-side, wherein not only the dignities of the dead man, but also the feudal and noble qualifications of all his relatives, spread over an entire page: &amp;quot;What a stout back Death has!&amp;quot; he exclaimed. &amp;quot;What a strange burden of titles is cheerfully imposed on him, and how much wit must men have, in order thus to press the tomb into the service of vanity!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He was gifted, on occasion, with a gentle raillery, which almost always concealed a serious meaning. In the course of one Lent, a youthful vicar came to D&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;mdash;, and preached in the cathedral. He was tolerably eloquent. The subject of his sermon was charity. He urged the rich to give to the poor, in order to avoid hell, which he depicted in the most frightful manner of which he was capable, and to win paradise, which he represented as charming and desirable. Among the audience there was a wealthy retired merchant, who was somewhat of a usurer, named M. Geborand, who had amassed two millions in the manufacture of coarse cloth, serges, and woollen galloons. Never in his whole life had M. Geborand bestowed alms on any poor wretch. After the delivery of that sermon, it was observed that he gave a sou every Sunday to the poor old beggar-women at the door of the cathedral. There were six of them to share it. One day the Bishop caught sight of him in the act of bestowing this charity, and said to his sister, with a smile, &amp;quot;There is M. Geborand purchasing paradise for a sou.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When it was a question of charity, he was not to be rebuffed even by a refusal, and on such occasions he gave utterance to remarks which induced reflection. Once he was begging for the poor in a drawing-room of the town; there was present the Marquis de Champtercier, a wealthy and avaricious old man, who contrived to be, at one and the same time, an ultra-royalist and an ultra-Voltairian. This variety of man has actually existed. When the Bishop came to him, he touched his arm, &amp;quot;You must give me something, M. le Marquis.&amp;quot; The Marquis turned round and answered dryly, &amp;quot;I have poor people of my own, Monseigneur.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Give them to me,&amp;quot; replied the Bishop.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One day he preached the following sermon in the cathedral:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;My very dear brethren, my good friends, there are thirteen hundred and twenty thousand peasants' dwellings in France which have but three openings; eighteen hundred and seventeen thousand hovels which have but two openings, the door and one window; and three hundred and forty-six thousand cabins besides which have but one opening, the door. And this arises from a thing which is called the tax on doors and windows. Just put poor families, old women and little children, in those buildings, and behold the fevers and maladies which result! Alas! God gives air to men; the law sells it to them. I do not blame the law, but I bless God. In the department of the Isere, in the Var, in the two departments of the Alpes, the Hautes, and the Basses, the peasants have not even wheelbarrows; they transport their manure on the backs of men; they have no candles, and they burn resinous sticks, and bits of rope dipped in pitch. That is the state of affairs throughout the whole of the hilly country of Dauphine. They make bread for six months at one time; they bake it with dried cow-dung. In the winter they break this bread up with an axe, and they soak it for twenty-four hours, in order to render it eatable. My brethren, have pity! behold the suffering on all sides of you!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Born a Provencal, he easily familiarized himself with the dialect of the south. He said, &amp;quot;En be! moussu, ses sage?&amp;quot; as in lower Languedoc; &amp;quot;Onte anaras passa?&amp;quot; as in the Basses-Alpes; &amp;quot;Puerte un bouen moutu embe un bouen fromage grase,&amp;quot; as in upper Dauphine. This pleased the people extremely, and contributed not a little to win him access to all spirits. He was perfectly at home in the thatched cottage and in the mountains. He understood how to say the grandest things in the most vulgar of idioms. As he spoke all tongues, he entered into all hearts.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, he was the same towards people of the world and towards the lower classes. He condemned nothing in haste and without taking circumstances into account. He said, &amp;quot;Examine the road over which the fault has passed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Being, as he described himself with a smile, an ex-sinner, he had none of the asperities of austerity, and he professed, with a good deal of distinctness, and without the frown of the ferociously virtuous, a doctrine which may be summed up as follows:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Man has upon him his flesh, which is at once his burden and his temptation. He drags it with him and yields to it. He must watch it, cheek it, repress it, and obey it only at the last extremity. There may be some fault even in this obedience; but the fault thus committed is venial; it is a fall, but a fall on the knees which may terminate in prayer.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;To be a saint is the exception; to be an upright man is the rule. Err, fall, sin if you will, but be upright.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The least possible sin is the law of man. No sin at all is the dream of the angel. All which is terrestrial is subject to sin. Sin is a gravitation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When he saw everyone exclaiming very loudly, and growing angry very quickly, &amp;quot;Oh! oh!&amp;quot; he said, with a smile; &amp;quot;to all appearance, this is a great crime which all the world commits. These are hypocrisies which have taken fright, and are in haste to make protest and to put themselves under shelter.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He was indulgent towards women and poor people, on whom the burden of human society rest. He said, &amp;quot;The faults of women, of children, of the feeble, the indigent, and the ignorant, are the fault of the husbands, the fathers, the masters, the strong, the rich, and the wise.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He said, moreover, &amp;quot;Teach those who are ignorant as many things as possible; society is culpable, in that it does not afford instruction gratis; it is responsible for the night which it produces. This soul is full of shadow; sin is therein committed. The guilty one is not the person who has committed the sin, but the person who has created the shadow.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It will be perceived that he had a peculiar manner of his own of judging things: I suspect that he obtained it from the Gospel.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One day he heard a criminal case, which was in preparation and on the point of trial, discussed in a drawing-room. A wretched man, being at the end of his resources, had coined counterfeit money, out of love for a woman, and for the child which he had had by her. Counterfeiting was still punishable with death at that epoch. The woman had been arrested in the act of passing the first false piece made by the man. She was held, but there were no proofs except against her. She alone could accuse her lover, and destroy him by her confession. She denied; they insisted. She persisted in her denial. Thereupon an idea occurred to the attorney for the crown. He invented an infidelity on the part of the lover, and succeeded, by means of fragments of letters cunningly presented, in persuading the unfortunate woman that she had a rival, and that the man was deceiving her. Thereupon, exasperated by jealousy, she denounced her lover, confessed all, proved all.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The man was ruined. He was shortly to be tried at Aix with his accomplice. They were relating the matter, and each one was expressing enthusiasm over the cleverness of the magistrate. By bringing jealousy into play, he had caused the truth to burst forth in wrath, he had educed the justice of revenge. The Bishop listened to all this in silence. When they had finished, he inquired,&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where are this man and woman to be tried?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;At the Court of Assizes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He went on, &amp;quot;And where will the advocate of the crown be tried?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A tragic event occurred at D&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;mdash; A man was condemned to death for murder. He was a wretched fellow, not exactly educated, not exactly ignorant, who had been a mountebank at fairs, and a writer for the public. The town took a great interest in the trial. On the eve of the day fixed for the execution of the condemned man, the chaplain of the prison fell ill. A priest was needed to attend the criminal in his last moments. They sent for the cure. It seems that he refused to come, saying, &amp;quot;That is no affair of mine. I have nothing to do with that unpleasant task, and with that mountebank: I, too, am ill; and besides, it is not my place.&amp;quot; This reply was reported to the Bishop, who said, &amp;quot;Monsieur le Curé is right: it is not his place; it is mine.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He went instantly to the prison, descended to the cell of the &amp;quot;mountebank,&amp;quot; called him by name, took him by the hand, and spoke to him. He passed the entire day with him, forgetful of food and sleep, praying to God for the soul of the condemned man, and praying the condemned man for his own. He told him the best truths, which are also the most simple. He was father, brother, friend; he was bishop only to bless. He taught him everything, encouraged and consoled him. The man was on the point of dying in despair. Death was an abyss to him. As he stood trembling on its mournful brink, he recoiled with horror. He was not sufficiently ignorant to be absolutely indifferent. His condemnation, which had been a profound shock, had, in a manner, broken through, here and there, that wall which separates us from the mystery of things, and which we call life. He gazed incessantly beyond this world through these fatal breaches, and beheld only darkness. The Bishop made him see light.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On the following day, when they came to fetch the unhappy wretch, the Bishop was still there. He followed him, and exhibited himself to the eyes of the crowd in his purple camail and with his episcopal cross upon his neck, side by side with the criminal bound with cords.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He mounted the tumbril with him, he mounted the scaffold with him. The sufferer, who had been so gloomy and cast down on the preceding day, was radiant. He felt that his soul was reconciled, and he hoped in God. The Bishop embraced him, and at the moment when the knife was about to fall, he said to him: &amp;quot;God raises from the dead him whom man slays; he whom his brothers have rejected finds his Father once more. Pray, believe, enter into life: the Father is there.&amp;quot; When he descended from the scaffold, there was something in his look which made the people draw aside to let him pass. They did not know which was most worthy of admiration, his pallor or his serenity. On his return to the humble dwelling, which he designated, with a smile, as his palace, he said to his sister, &amp;quot;I have just officiated pontifically.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Since the most sublime things are often those which are the least understood, there were people in the town who said, when commenting on this conduct of the Bishop, &amp;quot;It is affectation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This, however, was a remark which was confined to the drawing-rooms. The populace, which perceives no jest in holy deeds, was touched, and admired him.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As for the Bishop, it was a shock to him to have beheld the guillotine, and it was a long time before he recovered from it.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In fact, when the scaffold is there, all erected and prepared, it has something about it which produces hallucination. One may feel a certain indifference to the death penalty, one may refrain from pronouncing upon it, from saying yes or no, so long as one has not seen a guillotine with one's own eyes: but if one encounters one of them, the shock is violent; one is forced to decide, and to take part for or against. Some admire it, like de Maistre; others execrate it, like Beccaria. The guillotine is the concretion of the law; it is called vindicte; it is not neutral, and it does not permit you to remain neutral. He who sees it shivers with the most mysterious of shivers. All social problems erect their interrogation point around this chopping-knife. The scaffold is a vision. The scaffold is not a piece of carpentry; the scaffold is not a machine; the scaffold is not an inert bit of mechanism constructed of wood, iron and cords.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It seems as though it were a being, possessed of I know not what sombre initiative; one would say that this piece of carpenter's work saw, that this machine heard, that this mechanism understood, that this wood, this iron, and these cords were possessed of will. In the frightful meditation into which its presence casts the soul the scaffold appears in terrible guise, and as though taking part in what is going on. The scaffold is the accomplice of the executioner; it devours, it eats flesh, it drinks blood; the scaffold is a sort of monster fabricated by the judge and the carpenter, a spectre which seems to live with a horrible vitality composed of all the death which it has inflicted.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the impression was terrible and profound; on the day following the execution, and on many succeeding days, the Bishop appeared to be crushed. The almost violent serenity of the funereal moment had disappeared; the phantom of social justice tormented him. He, who generally returned from all his deeds with a radiant satisfaction, seemed to be reproaching himself. At times he talked to himself, and stammered lugubrious monologues in a low voice. This is one which his sister overheard one evening and preserved: &amp;quot;I did not think that it was so monstrous. It is wrong to become absorbed in the divine law to such a degree as not to perceive human law. Death belongs to God alone. By what right do men touch that unknown thing?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In course of time these impressions weakened and probably vanished. Nevertheless, it was observed that the Bishop thenceforth avoided passing the place of execution.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel could be summoned at any hour to the bedside of the sick and dying. He did not ignore the fact that therein lay his greatest duty and his greatest labor. Widowed and orphaned families had no need to summon him; he came of his own accord. He understood how to sit down and hold his peace for long hours beside the man who had lost the wife of his love, of the mother who had lost her child. As he knew the moment for silence he knew also the moment for speech. Oh, admirable consoler! He sought not to efface sorrow by forgetfulness, but to magnify and dignify it by hope. He said:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Have a care of the manner in which you turn towards the dead. Think not of that which perishes. Gaze steadily. You will perceive the living light of your well-beloved dead in the depths of heaven.&amp;quot; He knew that faith is wholesome. He sought to counsel and calm the despairing man, by pointing out to him the resigned man, and to transform the grief which gazes upon a grave by showing him the grief which fixes its gaze upon a star.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Eh b&amp;amp;eacute;! moussu, s&amp;amp;egrave;s sag&amp;amp;eacute;?===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Now then, monsieur, are you being sensible?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donoughermiseres&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo left French translations for these phrases in his draft, ''Les Mis&amp;amp;egrave;res'', which were reprinted in the Biblioth&amp;amp;egrave;que de la Pl&amp;amp;eacute;iade edition of ''Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables'', ed. Maurice Allem, published by Gallimard. The English versions are from Christine Donougher's translation.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ont&amp;amp;eacute; anaras passa?===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where have you been?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donoughermiseres&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Puerte un bouen moutu embe un bouen froumage grase===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I've come with a good sheep and a good creamy cheese.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donoughermiseres&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===de Maistre===&lt;br /&gt;
Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821), an arch-conservative Catholic monarchist who saw the Revolution as divine punishment for the degeneration of society, was the author of a number of works, including Les Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg (St Petersburg Evenings, 1821), in which he celebrated the executioner as protector of the social order and bulwark against chaos. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. The Wretched: A new translation of Les Misérables. Trans. Christine Donougher. London: Penguin Classics, 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Beccaria===&lt;br /&gt;
Cesare Beccaria (1738–94) wrote an influential treatise on the reform of criminal justice entitled Of Crimes and Punishment (1764), in which he advocated the abolition of capital punishment. Hugo himself championed the abolition of the death penalty in his writings, particularly in his 1829 novel Le Dernier jour d’un condamné (Last Day of a Condemned Man) and his short story ‘Claude Gueux’ (1834), and also took part in public campaigns seeking clemency for those condemned – the American John Brown, for instance, in 1859.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
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		<title>Main Page</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: SPAM: Undo revision 635 by 46.161.41.31 (talk)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==Les Misérables==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Volume 1: Fantine===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 1|Book First - A Just Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 2|Book Second - The Fall]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 3|Book Third - In the Year 1817]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 4|Book Fourth - To Confide is Sometimes to Deliver into a Person's Power]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 5|Book Fifth - The Descent]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 6|Book Sixth - Javert]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 7|Book Seventh - The Champmathieu Affair]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 1/Book 8|Book Eighth - A Counter-Blow]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Volume 2: Cosette===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 1|Book First - Waterloo]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 2|Book Second - The Ship Orion]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 3|Book Third - Accomplishment of the Promise Made to a Dead Woman]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 4|Book Fourth - The Gorbeau Hovel]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 5|Book Fifth - For a Black Hunt, a Mute Pack]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 6|Book Sixth - Le Petit-Picpus]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 7|Book Seventh - Parenthesis]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 2/Book 8|Book Eighth - Cemeteries Take That Which is Commited Them]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Volume 3: Marius===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 1|Book First - Paris Studied in Its Atom]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 2|Book Second - The Great Bourgeois]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 3|Book Third - The Grandfather and the Grandson]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 4|Book Fourth - The Friends of the ABC]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 5|Book Fifth - The Excellence of Misfortune]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 6|Book Sixth - The Conjunction of Two Stars]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 7|Book Seventh - Patron Minette]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 3/Book 8|Book Eighth - The Wicked Poor Man]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Volume 4: The Idyll of the Rue Plumet &amp;amp; The Epic of the Rue Saint-Denis===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 1|Book First - A Few Pages of History]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 2|Book Second - Eponine]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 3|Book Third - The House in the Rue Plumet]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 4|Book Fourth - Succor From Below May Turn Out To Be Succor From On High]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 5|Book Fifth - The End of Which does not Resemble the Beginning]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 6|Book Sixth - Little Gavroche]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 7|Book Seventh - Slang]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 8|Book Eighth - Enchantments and Desolations]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 9|Book Ninth - Whither are They Going?]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 10|Book Tenth - The 5th of June, 1832]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 11|Book Eleventh - The Atom Fraternizes with the Hurricane]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 12|Book Twelfth - Corinthe]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 13|Book Thirteenth - Marius Enters the Shadow]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 14|Book Fourteenth - The Grandeurs of Despair]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 4/Book 15|Book Fifteenth - The Rue de L'Homme Arme]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Volume 5: Jean Valjean===&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 1|Book First - The War Between Four Walls]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 2|Book Second - The Intestine of the Leviathan]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 3|Book Third - Mud But the Soul]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 4|Book Fourth - Javert Derailed]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 5|Book Fifth - Grandson and Grandfather]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 6|Book Sixth - The Sleepless Night]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 7|Book Seventh - The Last Draught from the Cup]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 8|Book Eighth - Fading away of the Twilight]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Volume 5/Book 9|Book Ninth - Supreme Shadow, Supreme Dawn]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== About this project ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents General wiki usage and editing help]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Guidelines|Guidelines for contributing to this project]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Help:Book template|Template for adding new books]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Help:Chapter template|Template for adding new chapters]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Help:Footnote template|Template for adding footnotes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: SPAM: Undo revision 641 by 46.161.41.31 (talk)&lt;/p&gt;
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== About this project ==&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Contents General wiki usage and editing help]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Help:Guidelines|Guidelines for contributing to this project]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Help:Book template|Template for adding new books]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Help:Chapter template|Template for adding new chapters]]&lt;br /&gt;
** [[Help:Footnote template|Template for adding footnotes]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
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		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 9</title>
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		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 9: A Merry End to Mirth&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute; 1817, ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 9: A Merry End to Mirth&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute; 1817, Chapitre 9: Fin joyeuse de la joie)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les jeunes filles, rest&amp;amp;eacute;es seules, s'accoud&amp;amp;egrave;rent deux &amp;amp;agrave; deux sur l'appui&lt;br /&gt;
des fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres, jasant, penchant leur t&amp;amp;ecirc;te et se parlant d'une crois&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'autre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elles virent les jeunes gens sortir du cabaret Bombarda bras dessus bras&lt;br /&gt;
dessous; ils se retourn&amp;amp;egrave;rent, leur firent des signes en riant, et&lt;br /&gt;
disparurent dans cette poudreuse cohue du dimanche qui envahit&lt;br /&gt;
hebdomadairement les Champs-&amp;amp;Eacute;lys&amp;amp;eacute;es.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ne soyez pas longtemps! cria Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Que vont-ils nous rapporter? dit Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pour s&amp;amp;ucirc;r ce sera joli, dit Dahlia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Moi, reprit Favourite, je veux que ce soit en or.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elles furent bient&amp;amp;ocirc;t distraites par le mouvement du bord de l'eau&lt;br /&gt;
qu'elles distinguaient dans les branches des grands arbres et qui les&lt;br /&gt;
divertissait fort. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait l'heure du d&amp;amp;eacute;part des malles-poste et des&lt;br /&gt;
diligences. Presque toutes les messageries du midi et de l'ouest&lt;br /&gt;
passaient alors par les Champs-&amp;amp;Eacute;lys&amp;amp;eacute;es. La plupart suivaient le quai et&lt;br /&gt;
sortaient par la barri&amp;amp;egrave;re de Passy. De minute en minute, quelque grosse&lt;br /&gt;
voiture peinte en jaune et en noir, pesamment charg&amp;amp;eacute;e, bruyamment&lt;br /&gt;
attel&amp;amp;eacute;e, difforme &amp;amp;agrave; force de malles, de b&amp;amp;acirc;ches et de valises, pleine de&lt;br /&gt;
t&amp;amp;ecirc;tes tout de suite disparues, broyant la chauss&amp;amp;eacute;e, changeant tous les&lt;br /&gt;
pav&amp;amp;eacute;s en briquets, se ruait &amp;amp;agrave; travers la foule avec toutes les&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tincelles d'une forge, de la poussi&amp;amp;egrave;re pour fum&amp;amp;eacute;e, et un air de furie.&lt;br /&gt;
Ce vacarme r&amp;amp;eacute;jouissait les jeunes filles. Favourite s'exclamait:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quel tapage! on dirait des tas de cha&amp;amp;icirc;nes qui s'envolent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il arriva une fois qu'une de ces voitures qu'on distinguait&lt;br /&gt;
difficilement dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;paisseur des ormes, s'arr&amp;amp;ecirc;ta un moment, puis&lt;br /&gt;
repartit au galop. Cela &amp;amp;eacute;tonna Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est particulier! dit-elle. Je croyais que la diligence ne s'arr&amp;amp;ecirc;tait&lt;br /&gt;
jamais. Favourite haussa les &amp;amp;eacute;paules.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Cette Fantine est surprenante. Je viens la voir par curiosit&amp;amp;eacute;. Elle&lt;br /&gt;
s'&amp;amp;eacute;blouit des choses les plus simples. Une supposition; je suis un&lt;br /&gt;
voyageur, je dis &amp;amp;agrave; la diligence: je vais en avant, vous me prendrez sur&lt;br /&gt;
le quai en passant. La diligence passe, me voit, s'arr&amp;amp;ecirc;te, et me prend.&lt;br /&gt;
Cela se fait tous les jours. Tu ne connais pas la vie, ma ch&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un certain temps s'&amp;amp;eacute;coula ainsi. Tout &amp;amp;agrave; coup Favourite eut le mouvement&lt;br /&gt;
de quelqu'un qui se r&amp;amp;eacute;veille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien, fit-elle, et la surprise?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; propos, oui, reprit Dahlia, la fameuse surprise?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ils sont bien longtemps! dit Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Comme Fantine achevait ce soupir, le gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on qui avait servi le d&amp;amp;icirc;ner&lt;br /&gt;
entra. Il tenait &amp;amp;agrave; la main quelque chose qui ressemblait &amp;amp;agrave; une lettre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que cela? demanda Favourite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est un papier que ces messieurs ont laiss&amp;amp;eacute; pour ces dames.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Pourquoi ne l'avoir pas apport&amp;amp;eacute; tout de suite?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Parce que ces messieurs, reprit le gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on, ont command&amp;amp;eacute; de ne le&lt;br /&gt;
remettre &amp;amp;agrave; ces dames qu'au bout d'une heure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite arracha le papier des mains du gar&amp;amp;ccedil;on. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une lettre en&lt;br /&gt;
effet.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens! dit-elle. Il n'y a pas d'adresse. Mais voici ce qui est &amp;amp;eacute;crit&lt;br /&gt;
dessus:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ceci est la surprise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle d&amp;amp;eacute;cacheta vivement la lettre, l'ouvrit et lut (elle savait lire):&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;&amp;amp;Ocirc; nos amantes!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Sachez que nous avons des parents. Des parents, vous ne connaissez pas&lt;br /&gt;
beaucoup &amp;amp;ccedil;a. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a s'appelle des p&amp;amp;egrave;res et m&amp;amp;egrave;res dans le code civil, pu&amp;amp;eacute;ril&lt;br /&gt;
et honn&amp;amp;ecirc;te. Or, ces parents g&amp;amp;eacute;missent, ces vieillards nous r&amp;amp;eacute;clament,&lt;br /&gt;
ces bons hommes et ces bonnes femmes nous appellent enfants prodigues,&lt;br /&gt;
ils souhaitent nos retours, et nous offrent de tuer des veaux. Nous leur&lt;br /&gt;
ob&amp;amp;eacute;issons, &amp;amp;eacute;tant vertueux. &amp;amp;Agrave; l'heure o&amp;amp;ugrave; vous lirez ceci, cinq chevaux&lt;br /&gt;
fougueux nous rapporteront &amp;amp;agrave; nos papas et &amp;amp;agrave; nos mamans. Nous fichons le&lt;br /&gt;
camp, comme dit Bossuet. Nous partons, nous sommes partis. Nous fuyons&lt;br /&gt;
dans les bras de Laffitte et sur les ailes de Caillard. La diligence de&lt;br /&gt;
Toulouse nous arrache &amp;amp;agrave; l'ab&amp;amp;icirc;me, et l'ab&amp;amp;icirc;me c'est vous, &amp;amp;ocirc; nos belles&lt;br /&gt;
petites! Nous rentrons dans la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;, dans le devoir et dans l'ordre,&lt;br /&gt;
au grand trot, &amp;amp;agrave; raison de trois lieues &amp;amp;agrave; l'heure. Il importe &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
patrie que nous soyons, comme tout le monde, pr&amp;amp;eacute;fets, p&amp;amp;egrave;res de famille,&lt;br /&gt;
gardes champ&amp;amp;ecirc;tres et conseillers d'&amp;amp;Eacute;tat. V&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;rez-nous. Nous nous&lt;br /&gt;
sacrifions. Pleurez-nous rapidement et remplacez-nous vite. Si cette&lt;br /&gt;
lettre vous d&amp;amp;eacute;chire, rendez-le-lui. Adieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Pendant pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de deux ans, nous vous avons rendues heureuses. Ne nous en&lt;br /&gt;
gardez pas rancune.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Sign&amp;amp;eacute;: Blachevelle.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Fameuil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Listolier.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;F&amp;amp;eacute;lix Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;Post-scriptum. Le d&amp;amp;icirc;ner est pay&amp;amp;eacute;.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les quatre jeunes filles se regard&amp;amp;egrave;rent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite rompit la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re le silence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria-t-elle, c'est tout de m&amp;amp;ecirc;me une bonne farce.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est tr&amp;amp;egrave;s dr&amp;amp;ocirc;le, dit Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ce doit &amp;amp;ecirc;tre Blachevelle qui a eu cette id&amp;amp;eacute;e-l&amp;amp;agrave;, reprit Favourite. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a&lt;br /&gt;
me rend amoureuse de lui. Sit&amp;amp;ocirc;t parti, sit&amp;amp;ocirc;t aim&amp;amp;eacute;. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; l'histoire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Non, dit Dahlia, c'est une id&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s. &amp;amp;Ccedil;a se reconna&amp;amp;icirc;t.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;En ce cas, reprit Favourite, mort &amp;amp;agrave; Blachevelle et vive Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vive Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s! cri&amp;amp;egrave;rent Dahlia et Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et elles &amp;amp;eacute;clat&amp;amp;egrave;rent de rire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine rit comme les autres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Une heure apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, quand elle fut rentr&amp;amp;eacute;e dans sa chambre, elle pleura.&lt;br /&gt;
C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait, nous l'avons dit, son premier amour; elle s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait donn&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; ce&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s comme &amp;amp;agrave; un mari, et la pauvre fille avait un enfant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When the young girls were left alone, they leaned two by two on the&lt;br /&gt;
window-sills, chatting, craning out their heads, and talking from one&lt;br /&gt;
window to the other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They saw the young men emerge from the Cafe Bombarda arm in arm. The&lt;br /&gt;
latter turned round, made signs to them, smiled, and disappeared in that&lt;br /&gt;
dusty Sunday throng which makes a weekly invasion into the Champs-Elysees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Don't be long!&amp;quot; cried Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What are they going to bring us?&amp;quot; said Zephine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It will certainly be something pretty,&amp;quot; said Dahlia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;For my part,&amp;quot; said Favourite, &amp;quot;I want it to be of gold.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their attention was soon distracted by the movements on the shore of the&lt;br /&gt;
lake, which they could see through the branches of the large trees, and&lt;br /&gt;
which diverted them greatly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was the hour for the departure of the mail-coaches and diligences.&lt;br /&gt;
Nearly all the stage-coaches for the south and west passed through the&lt;br /&gt;
Champs-Elysees. The majority followed the quay and went through the Passy&lt;br /&gt;
Barrier. From moment to moment, some huge vehicle, painted yellow and&lt;br /&gt;
black, heavily loaded, noisily harnessed, rendered shapeless by trunks,&lt;br /&gt;
tarpaulins, and valises, full of heads which immediately disappeared,&lt;br /&gt;
rushed through the crowd with all the sparks of a forge, with dust for&lt;br /&gt;
smoke, and an air of fury, grinding the pavements, changing all the&lt;br /&gt;
paving-stones into steels. This uproar delighted the young girls.&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite exclaimed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What a row! One would say that it was a pile of chains flying away.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It chanced that one of these vehicles, which they could only see with&lt;br /&gt;
difficulty through the thick elms, halted for a moment, then set out again&lt;br /&gt;
at a gallop. This surprised Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That's odd!&amp;quot; said she. &amp;quot;I thought the diligence never stopped.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite shrugged her shoulders.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;This Fantine is surprising. I am coming to take a look at her out of&lt;br /&gt;
curiosity. She is dazzled by the simplest things. Suppose a case: I am a&lt;br /&gt;
traveller; I say to the diligence, 'I will go on in advance; you shall&lt;br /&gt;
pick me up on the quay as you pass.' The diligence passes, sees me, halts,&lt;br /&gt;
and takes me. That is done every day. You do not know life, my dear.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In this manner a certain time elapsed. All at once Favourite made a&lt;br /&gt;
movement, like a person who is just waking up.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well,&amp;quot; said she, &amp;quot;and the surprise?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, by the way,&amp;quot; joined in Dahlia, &amp;quot;the famous surprise?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They are a very long time about it!&amp;quot; said Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As Fantine concluded this sigh, the waiter who had served them at dinner&lt;br /&gt;
entered. He held in his hand something which resembled a letter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What is that?&amp;quot; demanded Favourite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The waiter replied:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It is a paper that those gentlemen left for these ladies.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Why did you not bring it at once?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Because,&amp;quot; said the waiter, &amp;quot;the gentlemen ordered me not to deliver it to&lt;br /&gt;
the ladies for an hour.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite snatched the paper from the waiter's hand. It was, in fact, a&lt;br /&gt;
letter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Stop!&amp;quot; said she; &amp;quot;there is no address; but this is what is written on it&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::&amp;quot;THIS IS THE SURPRISE.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She tore the letter open hastily, opened it, and read [she knew how to&lt;br /&gt;
read]:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;OUR BELOVED:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You must know that we have parents. Parents&amp;amp;mdash;you do not know much&lt;br /&gt;
about such things. They are called fathers and mothers by the civil code,&lt;br /&gt;
which is puerile and honest. Now, these parents groan, these old folks&lt;br /&gt;
implore us, these good men and these good women call us prodigal sons;&lt;br /&gt;
they desire our return, and offer to kill calves for us. Being virtuous,&lt;br /&gt;
we obey them. At the hour when you read this, five fiery horses will be&lt;br /&gt;
bearing us to our papas and mammas. We are pulling up our stakes, as&lt;br /&gt;
Bossuet says. We are going; we are gone. We flee in the arms of Lafitte&lt;br /&gt;
and on the wings of Caillard. The Toulouse diligence tears us from the&lt;br /&gt;
abyss, and the abyss is you, O our little beauties! We return to society,&lt;br /&gt;
to duty, to respectability, at full trot, at the rate of three leagues an&lt;br /&gt;
hour. It is necessary for the good of the country that we should be, like&lt;br /&gt;
the rest of the world, prefects, fathers of families, rural police, and&lt;br /&gt;
councillors of state. Venerate us. We are sacrificing ourselves. Mourn for&lt;br /&gt;
us in haste, and replace us with speed. If this letter lacerates you, do&lt;br /&gt;
the same by it. Adieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;For the space of nearly two years we have made you happy. We bear you&lt;br /&gt;
no grudge for that.                                 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Signed:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::BLACHEVELLE.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::FAMUEIL.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::LISTOLIER.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::FELIX THOLOMYES.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Postscriptum. The dinner is paid for.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four young women looked at each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite was the first to break the silence.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Well!&amp;quot; she exclaimed, &amp;quot;it's a very pretty farce, all the same.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It is very droll,&amp;quot; said Zephine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That must have been Blachevelle's idea,&amp;quot; resumed Favourite. &amp;quot;It makes me&lt;br /&gt;
in love with him. No sooner is he gone than he is loved. This is an&lt;br /&gt;
adventure, indeed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;No,&amp;quot; said Dahlia; &amp;quot;it was one of Tholomyes' ideas. That is evident.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In that case,&amp;quot; retorted Favourite, &amp;quot;death to Blachevelle, and long live&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomyes!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Long live Tholomyes!&amp;quot; exclaimed Dahlia and Zephine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And they burst out laughing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine laughed with the rest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An hour later, when she had returned to her room, she wept. It was her&lt;br /&gt;
first love affair, as we have said; she had given herself to this&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomyes as to a husband, and the poor girl had a child.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_6&amp;diff=229</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 6</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_6&amp;diff=229"/>
		<updated>2014-03-03T03:36:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 6: A Chapter in which they adore Each Other&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 6: A Chapter in which they adore Each Other&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapitre 6: Chapitre o&amp;amp;ugrave; l'on s'adore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Propos de table et propos d'amour; les uns sont aussi insaisissables que&lt;br /&gt;
les autres; les propos d'amour sont des nu&amp;amp;eacute;es, les propos de table sont&lt;br /&gt;
des fum&amp;amp;eacute;es.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fameuil et Dahlia fredonnaient; Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s buvait; Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine riait, Fantine&lt;br /&gt;
souriait. Listolier soufflait dans une trompette de bois achet&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Saint-Cloud. Favourite regardait tendrement Blachevelle et disait:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Blachevelle, je t'adore.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ceci amena une question de Blachevelle:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Qu'est-ce que tu ferais, Favourite, si je cessais de t'aimer?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Moi! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria Favourite. Ah! ne dis pas cela, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pour rire! Si tu&lt;br /&gt;
cessais de m'aimer, je te sauterais apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, je te grifferais, je te&lt;br /&gt;
gratignerais, je te jetterais de l'eau, je te ferais arr&amp;amp;ecirc;ter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle sourit avec la fatuit&amp;amp;eacute; voluptueuse d'un homme chatouill&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'amour-propre. Favourite reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Oui, je crierais &amp;amp;agrave; la garde! Ah! je me g&amp;amp;ecirc;nerais par exemple! Canaille!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, extasi&amp;amp;eacute;, se renversa sur sa chaise et ferma&lt;br /&gt;
orgueilleusement les deux yeux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia, tout en mangeant, dit bas &amp;amp;agrave; Favourite dans le brouhaha:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tu l'idol&amp;amp;acirc;tres donc bien, ton Blachevelle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Moi, je le d&amp;amp;eacute;teste, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit Favourite du m&amp;amp;ecirc;me ton en ressaisissant sa&lt;br /&gt;
fourchette. Il est avare. J'aime le petit d'en face de chez moi. Il est&lt;br /&gt;
tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bien, ce jeune homme-l&amp;amp;agrave;, le connais-tu? On voit qu'il a le genre&lt;br /&gt;
d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre acteur. J'aime les acteurs. Sit&amp;amp;ocirc;t qu'il rentre, sa m&amp;amp;egrave;re dit: &amp;amp;laquo;Ah!&lt;br /&gt;
mon Dieu! ma tranquillit&amp;amp;eacute; est perdue. Le voil&amp;amp;agrave; qui va crier. Mais, mon&lt;br /&gt;
ami, tu me casses la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te!&amp;amp;raquo; Parce qu'il va dans la maison, dans des&lt;br /&gt;
greniers &amp;amp;agrave; rats, dans des trous noirs, si haut qu'il peut monter,&amp;amp;mdash;et&lt;br /&gt;
chanter, et d&amp;amp;eacute;clamer, est-ce que je sais, moi? qu'on l'entend d'en bas!&lt;br /&gt;
Il gagne d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; vingt sous par jour chez un avou&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;crire de la chicane.&lt;br /&gt;
Il est fils d'un ancien chantre de Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas. Ah! il est&lt;br /&gt;
tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bien. Il m'idol&amp;amp;acirc;tre tant qu'un jour qu'il me voyait faire de la&lt;br /&gt;
p&amp;amp;acirc;te pour des cr&amp;amp;ecirc;pes, il m'a dit: ''Mamselle, faites des beignets de vos gants et je les mangerai''. Il n'y a que les artistes pour dire des&lt;br /&gt;
choses comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a. Ah! il est tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bien. Je suis en train d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre insens&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
de ce petit-l&amp;amp;agrave;. C'est &amp;amp;eacute;gal, je dis &amp;amp;agrave; Blachevelle que je l'adore. Comme&lt;br /&gt;
je mens! Hein? comme je mens!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite fit une pause, et continua:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dahlia, vois-tu, je suis triste. Il n'a fait que pleuvoir tout l'&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;,&lt;br /&gt;
le vent m'agace, le vent ne d&amp;amp;eacute;col&amp;amp;egrave;re pas, Blachevelle est tr&amp;amp;egrave;s pingre,&lt;br /&gt;
c'est &amp;amp;agrave; peine s'il y a des petits pois au march&amp;amp;eacute;, on ne sait que manger,&lt;br /&gt;
j'ai le spleen, comme disent les Anglais, le beurre est si cher! et&lt;br /&gt;
puis, vois, c'est une horreur, nous d&amp;amp;icirc;nons dans un endroit o&amp;amp;ugrave; il y a un&lt;br /&gt;
lit, &amp;amp;ccedil;a me d&amp;amp;eacute;go&amp;amp;ucirc;te de la vie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chat at table, the chat of love; it is as impossible to reproduce one as&lt;br /&gt;
the other; the chat of love is a cloud; the chat at table is smoke.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fameuil and Dahlia were humming. Tholomyes was drinking. Zephine was&lt;br /&gt;
laughing, Fantine smiling, Listolier blowing a wooden trumpet which he had&lt;br /&gt;
purchased at Saint-Cloud.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite gazed tenderly at Blachevelle and said:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Blachevelle, I adore you.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This called forth a question from Blachevelle:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What would you do, Favourite, if I were to cease to love you?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I!&amp;quot; cried Favourite. &amp;quot;Ah! Do not say that even in jest! If you were to&lt;br /&gt;
cease to love me, I would spring after you, I would scratch you, I should&lt;br /&gt;
rend you, I would throw you into the water, I would have you arrested.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle smiled with the voluptuous self-conceit of a man who is&lt;br /&gt;
tickled in his self-love. Favourite resumed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Yes, I would scream to the police! Ah! I should not restrain myself, not&lt;br /&gt;
at all! Rabble!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle threw himself back in his chair, in an ecstasy, and closed&lt;br /&gt;
both eyes proudly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia, as she ate, said in a low voice to Favourite, amid the uproar:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;So you really idolize him deeply, that Blachevelle of yours?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I? I detest him,&amp;quot; replied Favourite in the same tone, seizing her fork&lt;br /&gt;
again. &amp;quot;He is avaricious. I love the little fellow opposite me in my&lt;br /&gt;
house. He is very nice, that young man; do you know him? One can see that&lt;br /&gt;
he is an actor by profession. I love actors. As soon as he comes in, his&lt;br /&gt;
mother says to him: 'Ah! mon Dieu! my peace of mind is gone. There he goes&lt;br /&gt;
with his shouting. But, my dear, you are splitting my head!' So he goes up&lt;br /&gt;
to rat-ridden garrets, to black holes, as high as he can mount, and there&lt;br /&gt;
he sets to singing, declaiming, how do I know what? so that he can be&lt;br /&gt;
heard down stairs! He earns twenty sous a day at an attorney's by penning&lt;br /&gt;
quibbles. He is the son of a former precentor of&lt;br /&gt;
Saint-Jacques-du-Haut-Pas. Ah! he is very nice. He idolizes me so, that&lt;br /&gt;
one day when he saw me making batter for some pancakes, he said to me:&lt;br /&gt;
'Mamselle, make your gloves into fritters, and I will eat them.' It is&lt;br /&gt;
only artists who can say such things as that. Ah! he is very nice. I am in&lt;br /&gt;
a fair way to go out of my head over that little fellow. Never mind; I&lt;br /&gt;
tell Blachevelle that I adore him&amp;amp;mdash;how I lie! Hey! How I do lie!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite paused, and then went on:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I am sad, you see, Dahlia. It has done nothing but rain all summer; the&lt;br /&gt;
wind irritates me; the wind does not abate. Blachevelle is very stingy;&lt;br /&gt;
there are hardly any green peas in the market; one does not know what to&lt;br /&gt;
eat. I have the spleen, as the English say, butter is so dear! and then&lt;br /&gt;
you see it is horrible, here we are dining in a room with a bed in it, and&lt;br /&gt;
that disgusts me with life.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_5&amp;diff=228</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_5&amp;diff=228"/>
		<updated>2014-03-03T03:20:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 5: At Bombarda's&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapit...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 5: At Bombarda's&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapitre 5: Chez Bombarda)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les montagnes russes &amp;amp;eacute;puis&amp;amp;eacute;es, on avait song&amp;amp;eacute; au d&amp;amp;icirc;ner; et le radieux&lt;br /&gt;
huitain, enfin un peu las, s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;eacute;chou&amp;amp;eacute; au cabaret Bombarda,&lt;br /&gt;
succursale qu'avait &amp;amp;eacute;tablie aux Champs-&amp;amp;Eacute;lys&amp;amp;eacute;es ce fameux restaurateur&lt;br /&gt;
Bombarda, dont on voyait alors l'enseigne rue de Rivoli &amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; du&lt;br /&gt;
passage Delorme.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Une chambre grande, mais laide, avec alc&amp;amp;ocirc;ve et lit au fond (vu la&lt;br /&gt;
pl&amp;amp;eacute;nitude du cabaret le dimanche, il avait fallu accepter ce g&amp;amp;icirc;te); deux&lt;br /&gt;
fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres d'o&amp;amp;ugrave; l'on pouvait contempler, &amp;amp;agrave; travers les ormes, le quai et&lt;br /&gt;
la rivi&amp;amp;egrave;re; un magnifique rayon d'ao&amp;amp;ucirc;t effleurant les fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres; deux&lt;br /&gt;
tables; sur l'une une triomphante montagne de bouquets m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;s &amp;amp;agrave; des&lt;br /&gt;
chapeaux d'hommes et de femmes; &amp;amp;agrave; l'autre les quatre couples attabl&amp;amp;eacute;s&lt;br /&gt;
autour d'un joyeux encombrement de plats, d'assiettes, de verres et de&lt;br /&gt;
bouteilles; des cruchons de bi&amp;amp;egrave;re m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;s &amp;amp;agrave; des flacons de vin; peu&lt;br /&gt;
d'ordre sur la table, quelque d&amp;amp;eacute;sordre dessous;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::''Ils faisaient sous la table''&lt;br /&gt;
::''Un bruit, un trique-trac de pieds &amp;amp;eacute;pouvantable''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
dit Moli&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voil&amp;amp;agrave; o&amp;amp;ugrave; en &amp;amp;eacute;tait vers quatre heures et demie du soir la bergerade&lt;br /&gt;
commenc&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; cinq heures du matin. Le soleil d&amp;amp;eacute;clinait, l'app&amp;amp;eacute;tit&lt;br /&gt;
s'&amp;amp;eacute;teignait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les Champs-&amp;amp;Eacute;lys&amp;amp;eacute;es, pleins de soleil et de foule, n'&amp;amp;eacute;taient que lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
et poussi&amp;amp;egrave;re, deux choses dont se compose la gloire. Les chevaux de&lt;br /&gt;
Marly, ces marbres hennissants, se cabraient dans un nuage d'or. Les&lt;br /&gt;
carrosses allaient et venaient. Un escadron de magnifiques gardes du&lt;br /&gt;
corps, clairon en t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, descendait l'avenue de Neuilly; le drapeau&lt;br /&gt;
blanc, vaguement rose au soleil couchant, flottait sur le d&amp;amp;ocirc;me des&lt;br /&gt;
Tuileries. La place de la Concorde, redevenue alors place Louis XV,&lt;br /&gt;
regorgeait de promeneurs contents. Beaucoup portaient la fleur de lys&lt;br /&gt;
d'argent suspendue au ruban blanc moir&amp;amp;eacute; qui, en 1817, n'avait pas encore&lt;br /&gt;
tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait disparu des boutonni&amp;amp;egrave;res. &amp;amp;Ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; au milieu des passants&lt;br /&gt;
faisant cercle et applaudissant, des rondes de petites filles jetaient&lt;br /&gt;
au vent une bourr&amp;amp;eacute;e bourbonienne alors c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;bre, destin&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; foudroyer les&lt;br /&gt;
Cent-Jours, et qui avait pour ritournelle:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::''Rendez-nous notre p&amp;amp;egrave;re de Gand,''&lt;br /&gt;
::''Rendez-nous notre p&amp;amp;egrave;re.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Des tas de faubouriens endimanch&amp;amp;eacute;s, parfois m&amp;amp;ecirc;me fleurdelys&amp;amp;eacute;s comme les&lt;br /&gt;
bourgeois, &amp;amp;eacute;pars dans le grand carr&amp;amp;eacute; et dans le carr&amp;amp;eacute; Marigny, jouaient&lt;br /&gt;
aux bagues et tournaient sur les chevaux de bois; d'autres buvaient;&lt;br /&gt;
quelques-uns, apprentis imprimeurs, avaient des bonnets de papier; on&lt;br /&gt;
entendait leurs rires. Tout &amp;amp;eacute;tait radieux. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un temps de paix&lt;br /&gt;
incontestable et de profonde s&amp;amp;eacute;curit&amp;amp;eacute; royaliste; c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait l'&amp;amp;eacute;poque o&amp;amp;ugrave; un&lt;br /&gt;
rapport intime et sp&amp;amp;eacute;cial du pr&amp;amp;eacute;fet de police Angl&amp;amp;egrave;s au roi sur les&lt;br /&gt;
faubourgs de Paris se terminait par ces lignes: &amp;amp;laquo;Tout bien consid&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;,&lt;br /&gt;
sire, il n'y a rien &amp;amp;agrave; craindre de ces gens-l&amp;amp;agrave;. Ils sont insouciants et&lt;br /&gt;
indolents comme des chats. Le bas peuple des provinces est remuant,&lt;br /&gt;
celui de Paris ne l'est pas. Ce sont tous petits hommes. Sire, il en&lt;br /&gt;
faudrait deux bout &amp;amp;agrave; bout pour faire un de vos grenadiers. Il n'y a&lt;br /&gt;
point de crainte du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de la populace de la capitale. Il est&lt;br /&gt;
remarquable que la taille a encore d&amp;amp;eacute;cru dans cette population depuis&lt;br /&gt;
cinquante ans; et le peuple des faubourgs de Paris est plus petit&lt;br /&gt;
qu'avant la r&amp;amp;eacute;volution. Il n'est point dangereux. En somme, c'est de la&lt;br /&gt;
canaille bonne.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Qu'un chat puisse se changer en lion, les pr&amp;amp;eacute;fets de police ne le&lt;br /&gt;
croient pas possible; cela est pourtant, et c'est l&amp;amp;agrave; le miracle du&lt;br /&gt;
peuple de Paris. Le chat d'ailleurs, si m&amp;amp;eacute;pris&amp;amp;eacute; du comte Angl&amp;amp;egrave;s, avait&lt;br /&gt;
l'estime des r&amp;amp;eacute;publiques antiques; il incarnait &amp;amp;agrave; leurs yeux la libert&amp;amp;eacute;,&lt;br /&gt;
et, comme pour servir de pendant &amp;amp;agrave; la Minerve apt&amp;amp;egrave;re du Pir&amp;amp;eacute;e, il y&lt;br /&gt;
avait sur la place publique de Corinthe le colosse de bronze d'un chat.&lt;br /&gt;
La police na&amp;amp;iuml;ve de la restauration voyait trop &amp;amp;laquo;en beau&amp;amp;raquo; le peuple de&lt;br /&gt;
Paris. Ce n'est point, autant qu'on le croit, de la &amp;amp;laquo;canaille bonne&amp;amp;raquo;. Le&lt;br /&gt;
Parisien est au Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ais ce que l'Ath&amp;amp;eacute;nien &amp;amp;eacute;tait au Grec; personne ne&lt;br /&gt;
dort mieux que lui, personne n'est plus franchement frivole et paresseux&lt;br /&gt;
que lui, personne mieux que lui n'a l'air d'oublier; qu'on ne s'y fie&lt;br /&gt;
pas pourtant; il est propre &amp;amp;agrave; toute sorte de nonchalance, mais, quand il&lt;br /&gt;
y a de la gloire au bout, il est admirable &amp;amp;agrave; toute esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de furie.&lt;br /&gt;
Donnez-lui une pique, il fera le 10 ao&amp;amp;ucirc;t; donnez-lui un fusil, vous&lt;br /&gt;
aurez Austerlitz. Il est le point d'appui de Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on et la ressource de&lt;br /&gt;
Danton. S'agit-il de la patrie? il s'enr&amp;amp;ocirc;le; s'agit-il de la libert&amp;amp;eacute;? il&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;pave. Gare! ses cheveux pleins de col&amp;amp;egrave;re sont &amp;amp;eacute;piques; sa blouse se&lt;br /&gt;
drape en chlamyde. Prenez garde. De la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re rue Greneta venue, il&lt;br /&gt;
fera des fourches caudines. Si l'heure sonne, ce faubourien va grandir,&lt;br /&gt;
ce petit homme va se lever, et il regardera d'une fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on terrible, et son&lt;br /&gt;
souffle deviendra temp&amp;amp;ecirc;te, et il sortira de cette pauvre poitrine gr&amp;amp;ecirc;le&lt;br /&gt;
assez de vent pour d&amp;amp;eacute;ranger les plis des Alpes. C'est gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce au&lt;br /&gt;
faubourien de Paris que la r&amp;amp;eacute;volution, m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;e aux arm&amp;amp;eacute;es, conquiert&lt;br /&gt;
l'Europe. Il chante, c'est sa joie. Proportionnez sa chanson &amp;amp;agrave; sa&lt;br /&gt;
nature, et vous verrez! Tant qu'il n'a pour refrain que la Carmagnole,&lt;br /&gt;
il ne renverse que Louis XVI; faites-lui chanter la Marseillaise, il&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;livrera le monde.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette note &amp;amp;eacute;crite en marge du rapport Angl&amp;amp;egrave;s, nous revenons &amp;amp;agrave; nos quatre&lt;br /&gt;
couples. Le d&amp;amp;icirc;ner, comme nous l'avons dit, s'achevait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Russian mountains having been exhausted, they began to think about&lt;br /&gt;
dinner; and the radiant party of eight, somewhat weary at last, became&lt;br /&gt;
stranded in Bombarda's public house, a branch establishment which had been&lt;br /&gt;
set up in the Champs-Elysees by that famous restaurant-keeper, Bombarda,&lt;br /&gt;
whose sign could then be seen in the Rue de Rivoli, near Delorme Alley.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A large but ugly room, with an alcove and a bed at the end (they had been&lt;br /&gt;
obliged to put up with this accommodation in view of the Sunday crowd);&lt;br /&gt;
two windows whence they could survey beyond the elms, the quay and the&lt;br /&gt;
river; a magnificent August sunlight lightly touching the panes; two&lt;br /&gt;
tables; upon one of them a triumphant mountain of bouquets, mingled with&lt;br /&gt;
the hats of men and women; at the other the four couples seated round a&lt;br /&gt;
merry confusion of platters, dishes, glasses, and bottles; jugs of beer&lt;br /&gt;
mingled with flasks of wine; very little order on the table, some disorder&lt;br /&gt;
beneath it;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::''&amp;quot;They made beneath the table''&lt;br /&gt;
::''A noise, a clatter of the feet that was abominable,&amp;quot;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
says Moliere.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This was the state which the shepherd idyl, begun at five o'clock in the&lt;br /&gt;
morning, had reached at half-past four in the afternoon. The sun was&lt;br /&gt;
setting; their appetites were satisfied.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Champs-Elysees, filled with sunshine and with people, were nothing but&lt;br /&gt;
light and dust, the two things of which glory is composed. The horses of&lt;br /&gt;
Marly, those neighing marbles, were prancing in a cloud of gold. Carriages&lt;br /&gt;
were going and coming. A squadron of magnificent body-guards, with their&lt;br /&gt;
clarions at their head, were descending the Avenue de Neuilly; the white&lt;br /&gt;
flag, showing faintly rosy in the setting sun, floated over the dome of&lt;br /&gt;
the Tuileries. The Place de la Concorde, which had become the Place Louis&lt;br /&gt;
XV. once more, was choked with happy promenaders. Many wore the silver&lt;br /&gt;
fleur-de-lys suspended from the white-watered ribbon, which had not yet&lt;br /&gt;
wholly disappeared from button-holes in the year 1817. Here and there&lt;br /&gt;
choruses of little girls threw to the winds, amid the passersby, who&lt;br /&gt;
formed into circles and applauded, the then celebrated Bourbon air, which&lt;br /&gt;
was destined to strike the Hundred Days with lightning, and which had for&lt;br /&gt;
its refrain:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::''&amp;quot;Rendez-nous notre père de Gand,''&lt;br /&gt;
::''Rendez-nous notre père.&amp;quot;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::''&amp;quot;Give us back our father from Ghent,''&lt;br /&gt;
::''Give us back our father.&amp;quot;''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Groups of dwellers in the suburbs, in Sunday array, sometimes even&lt;br /&gt;
decorated with the fleur-de-lys, like the bourgeois, scattered over the&lt;br /&gt;
large square and the Marigny square, were playing at rings and revolving&lt;br /&gt;
on the wooden horses; others were engaged in drinking; some journeyman&lt;br /&gt;
printers had on paper caps; their laughter was audible. Every thing was&lt;br /&gt;
radiant. It was a time of undisputed peace and profound royalist security;&lt;br /&gt;
it was the epoch when a special and private report of Chief of Police&lt;br /&gt;
Angeles to the King, on the subject of the suburbs of Paris, terminated&lt;br /&gt;
with these lines:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Taking all things into consideration, Sire, there is nothing to be feared&lt;br /&gt;
from these people. They are as heedless and as indolent as cats. The&lt;br /&gt;
populace is restless in the provinces; it is not in Paris. These are very&lt;br /&gt;
pretty men, Sire. It would take all of two of them to make one of your&lt;br /&gt;
grenadiers. There is nothing to be feared on the part of the populace of&lt;br /&gt;
Paris the capital. It is remarkable that the stature of this population&lt;br /&gt;
should have diminished in the last fifty years; and the populace of the&lt;br /&gt;
suburbs is still more puny than at the time of the Revolution. It is not&lt;br /&gt;
dangerous. In short, it is an amiable rabble.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Prefects of the police do not deem it possible that a cat can transform&lt;br /&gt;
itself into a lion; that does happen, however, and in that lies the&lt;br /&gt;
miracle wrought by the populace of Paris. Moreover, the cat so despised by&lt;br /&gt;
Count Angles possessed the esteem of the republics of old. In their eyes&lt;br /&gt;
it was liberty incarnate; and as though to serve as pendant to the Minerva&lt;br /&gt;
Aptera of the Piraeus, there stood on the public square in Corinth the&lt;br /&gt;
colossal bronze figure of a cat. The ingenuous police of the Restoration&lt;br /&gt;
beheld the populace of Paris in too &amp;quot;rose-colored&amp;quot; a light; it is not so&lt;br /&gt;
much of &amp;quot;an amiable rabble&amp;quot; as it is thought. The Parisian is to the&lt;br /&gt;
Frenchman what the Athenian was to the Greek: no one sleeps more soundly&lt;br /&gt;
than he, no one is more frankly frivolous and lazy than he, no one can&lt;br /&gt;
better assume the air of forgetfulness; let him not be trusted&lt;br /&gt;
nevertheless; he is ready for any sort of cool deed; but when there is&lt;br /&gt;
glory at the end of it, he is worthy of admiration in every sort of fury.&lt;br /&gt;
Give him a pike, he will produce the 10th of August; give him a gun, you&lt;br /&gt;
will have Austerlitz. He is Napoleon's stay and Danton's resource. Is it a&lt;br /&gt;
question of country, he enlists; is it a question of liberty, he tears up&lt;br /&gt;
the pavements. Beware! his hair filled with wrath, is epic; his blouse&lt;br /&gt;
drapes itself like the folds of a chlamys. Take care! he will make of the&lt;br /&gt;
first Rue Grenetat which comes to hand Caudine Forks. When the hour&lt;br /&gt;
strikes, this man of the faubourgs will grow in stature; this little man&lt;br /&gt;
will arise, and his gaze will be terrible, and his breath will become a&lt;br /&gt;
tempest, and there will issue forth from that slender chest enough wind to&lt;br /&gt;
disarrange the folds of the Alps. It is, thanks to the suburban man of&lt;br /&gt;
Paris, that the Revolution, mixed with arms, conquers Europe. He sings; it&lt;br /&gt;
is his delight. Proportion his song to his nature, and you will see! As&lt;br /&gt;
long as he has for refrain nothing but la Carmagnole, he only overthrows&lt;br /&gt;
Louis XVI.; make him sing the Marseillaise, and he will free the world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This note jotted down on the margin of Angles' report, we will return to&lt;br /&gt;
our four couples. The dinner, as we have said, was drawing to its close.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_4&amp;diff=227</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_4&amp;diff=227"/>
		<updated>2014-03-03T03:12:10Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 4: Tholomyes is so Merry that he sings a Spanish Ditty&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egr...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 4: Tholomyes is so Merry that he sings a Spanish Ditty&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapitre 4: Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s est si joyeux qu'il chante une chanson espagnole)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette journ&amp;amp;eacute;e-l&amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;tait d'un bout &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'autre faite d'aurore. Toute la nature semblait avoir cong&amp;amp;eacute;, et rire.&lt;br /&gt;
Les parterres de Saint-Cloud embaumaient; le souffle de la Seine remuait&lt;br /&gt;
vaguement les feuilles; les branches gesticulaient dans le vent; les&lt;br /&gt;
abeilles mettaient les jasmins au pillage; toute une boh&amp;amp;egrave;me de papillons&lt;br /&gt;
s'&amp;amp;eacute;battait dans les achill&amp;amp;eacute;es, les tr&amp;amp;egrave;fles et les folles avoines; il y&lt;br /&gt;
avait dans l'auguste parc du roi de France un tas de vagabonds, les&lt;br /&gt;
oiseaux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les quatre joyeux couples, m&amp;amp;ecirc;l&amp;amp;eacute;s au soleil, aux champs, aux fleurs, aux&lt;br /&gt;
arbres, resplendissaient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et, dans cette communaut&amp;amp;eacute; de paradis, parlant, chantant, courant,&lt;br /&gt;
dansant, chassant aux papillons, cueillant des liserons, mouillant leurs&lt;br /&gt;
bas &amp;amp;agrave; jour roses dans les hautes herbes, fra&amp;amp;icirc;ches, folles, point&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;eacute;chantes, toutes recevaient un peu &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; les baisers de tous,&lt;br /&gt;
except&amp;amp;eacute; Fantine, enferm&amp;amp;eacute;e dans sa vague r&amp;amp;eacute;sistance r&amp;amp;ecirc;veuse et farouche,&lt;br /&gt;
et qui aimait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Toi, lui disait Favourite, tu as toujours l'air chose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce sont l&amp;amp;agrave; les joies. Ces passages de couples heureux sont un appel&lt;br /&gt;
profond &amp;amp;agrave; la vie et &amp;amp;agrave; la nature, et font sortir de tout la caresse et la&lt;br /&gt;
lumi&amp;amp;egrave;re. Il y avait une fois une f&amp;amp;eacute;e qui fit les prairies et les arbres&lt;br /&gt;
expr&amp;amp;egrave;s pour les amoureux. De l&amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;ternelle &amp;amp;eacute;cole buissonni&amp;amp;egrave;re des&lt;br /&gt;
amants qui recommence sans cesse et qui durera tant qu'il y aura des&lt;br /&gt;
buissons et des &amp;amp;eacute;coliers. De l&amp;amp;agrave; la popularit&amp;amp;eacute; du printemps parmi les&lt;br /&gt;
penseurs. Le patricien et le gagne-petit, le duc et pair et le robin,&lt;br /&gt;
les gens de la cour et les gens de la ville, comme on parlait autrefois,&lt;br /&gt;
tous sont sujets de cette f&amp;amp;eacute;e. On rit, on se cherche, il y a dans l'air&lt;br /&gt;
une clart&amp;amp;eacute; d'apoth&amp;amp;eacute;ose, quelle transfiguration que d'aimer! Les clercs&lt;br /&gt;
de notaire sont des dieux. Et les petits cris, les poursuites dans&lt;br /&gt;
l'herbe, les tailles prises au vol, ces jargons qui sont des m&amp;amp;eacute;lodies,&lt;br /&gt;
ces adorations qui &amp;amp;eacute;clatent dans la fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on de dire une syllabe, ces&lt;br /&gt;
cerises arrach&amp;amp;eacute;es d'une bouche &amp;amp;agrave; l'autre, tout cela flamboie et passe&lt;br /&gt;
dans des gloires c&amp;amp;eacute;lestes. Les belles filles font un doux gaspillage&lt;br /&gt;
d'elles-m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes. On croit que cela ne finira jamais. Les philosophes, les&lt;br /&gt;
po&amp;amp;egrave;tes, les peintres regardent ces extases et ne savent qu'en faire,&lt;br /&gt;
tant cela les &amp;amp;eacute;blouit. Le d&amp;amp;eacute;part pour Cyth&amp;amp;egrave;re! s'&amp;amp;eacute;crie Watteau; Lancret,&lt;br /&gt;
le peintre de la roture, contemple ses bourgeois envol&amp;amp;eacute;s dans le bleu;&lt;br /&gt;
Diderot tend les bras &amp;amp;agrave; toutes ces amourettes, et d'Urf&amp;amp;eacute; y m&amp;amp;ecirc;le des&lt;br /&gt;
druides.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s le d&amp;amp;eacute;jeuner les quatre couples &amp;amp;eacute;taient all&amp;amp;eacute;s voir, dans ce qu'on&lt;br /&gt;
appelait alors le carr&amp;amp;eacute; du roi, une plante nouvellement arriv&amp;amp;eacute;e de&lt;br /&gt;
l'Inde, dont le nom nous &amp;amp;eacute;chappe en ce moment, et qui &amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque&lt;br /&gt;
attirait tout Paris &amp;amp;agrave; Saint-Cloud; c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un bizarre et charmant&lt;br /&gt;
arbrisseau haut sur tige, dont les innombrables branches fines comme des&lt;br /&gt;
fils, &amp;amp;eacute;bouriff&amp;amp;eacute;es, sans feuilles, &amp;amp;eacute;taient couvertes d'un million de&lt;br /&gt;
petites rosettes blanches; ce qui faisait que l'arbuste avait l'air&lt;br /&gt;
d'une chevelure pouilleuse de fleurs. Il y avait toujours foule &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'admirer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'arbuste vu, Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;eacute;cri&amp;amp;eacute;: &amp;amp;laquo;J'offre des &amp;amp;acirc;nes!&amp;amp;raquo; et, prix fait&lt;br /&gt;
avec un &amp;amp;acirc;nier, ils &amp;amp;eacute;taient revenus par Vanves et Issy. &amp;amp;Agrave; Issy, incident.&lt;br /&gt;
Le parc, Bien National poss&amp;amp;eacute;d&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque par le munitionnaire&lt;br /&gt;
Bourguin, &amp;amp;eacute;tait d'aventure tout grand ouvert. Ils avaient franchi la&lt;br /&gt;
grille, visit&amp;amp;eacute; l'anachor&amp;amp;egrave;te mannequin dans sa grotte, essay&amp;amp;eacute; les petits&lt;br /&gt;
effets myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieux du fameux cabinet des miroirs, lascif traquenard digne&lt;br /&gt;
d'un satyre devenu millionnaire ou de Turcaret m&amp;amp;eacute;tamorphos&amp;amp;eacute; en Priape.&lt;br /&gt;
Ils avaient robustement secou&amp;amp;eacute; le grand filet balan&amp;amp;ccedil;oire attach&amp;amp;eacute; aux&lt;br /&gt;
deux ch&amp;amp;acirc;taigniers c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;br&amp;amp;eacute;s par l'abb&amp;amp;eacute; de Bernis. Tout en y balan&amp;amp;ccedil;ant ces&lt;br /&gt;
belles l'une apr&amp;amp;egrave;s l'autre, ce qui faisait, parmi les rires universels,&lt;br /&gt;
des plis de jupe envol&amp;amp;eacute;e o&amp;amp;ugrave; Greuze e&amp;amp;ucirc;t trouv&amp;amp;eacute; son compte, le toulousain&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, quelque peu espagnol, Toulouse est cousine de Tolosa,&lt;br /&gt;
chantait, sur une m&amp;amp;eacute;lop&amp;amp;eacute;e m&amp;amp;eacute;lancolique, la vieille chanson ''gallega''&lt;br /&gt;
probablement inspir&amp;amp;eacute;e par quelque belle fille lanc&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; toute vol&amp;amp;eacute;e sur&lt;br /&gt;
une corde entre deux arbres:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
::''Soy de Badajoz.''&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::''Amor me llama.''&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::''Toda mi alma''&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::''Es en mi ojos''&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::''Porque ense&amp;amp;ntilde;as''&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
::''&amp;amp;Agrave; tus piernas.''&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine seule refusa de se balancer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je n'aime pas qu'on ait du genre comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a, murmura assez aigrement&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les &amp;amp;acirc;nes quitt&amp;amp;eacute;s, joie nouvelle; on passa la Seine en bateau, et de&lt;br /&gt;
Passy, &amp;amp;agrave; pied, ils gagn&amp;amp;egrave;rent la barri&amp;amp;egrave;re de l'&amp;amp;Eacute;toile. Ils &amp;amp;eacute;taient, on&lt;br /&gt;
s'en souvient, debout depuis cinq heures du matin; mais, bah! ''il n'y a pas de lassitude le dimanche'', disait Favourite; ''le dimanche, la fatigue ne travaille pas''. Vers trois heures les quatre couples, effar&amp;amp;eacute;s&lt;br /&gt;
de bonheur, d&amp;amp;eacute;gringolaient aux montagnes russes, &amp;amp;eacute;difice singulier qui&lt;br /&gt;
occupait alors les hauteurs Beaujon et dont on apercevait la ligne&lt;br /&gt;
serpentante au-dessus des arbres des Champs-&amp;amp;Eacute;lys&amp;amp;eacute;es.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
De temps en temps Favourite s'&amp;amp;eacute;criait:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et la surprise? je demande la surprise.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Patience, r&amp;amp;eacute;pondait Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That day was composed of dawn, from one end to the other. All nature&lt;br /&gt;
seemed to be having a holiday, and to be laughing. The flower-beds of&lt;br /&gt;
Saint-Cloud perfumed the air; the breath of the Seine rustled the leaves&lt;br /&gt;
vaguely; the branches gesticulated in the wind, bees pillaged the&lt;br /&gt;
jasmines; a whole bohemia of butterflies swooped down upon the yarrow, the&lt;br /&gt;
clover, and the sterile oats; in the august park of the King of France&lt;br /&gt;
there was a pack of vagabonds, the birds.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four merry couples, mingled with the sun, the fields, the flowers, the&lt;br /&gt;
trees, were resplendent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And in this community of Paradise, talking, singing, running, dancing,&lt;br /&gt;
chasing butterflies, plucking convolvulus, wetting their pink, open-work&lt;br /&gt;
stockings in the tall grass, fresh, wild, without malice, all received, to&lt;br /&gt;
some extent, the kisses of all, with the exception of Fantine, who was&lt;br /&gt;
hedged about with that vague resistance of hers composed of dreaminess and&lt;br /&gt;
wildness, and who was in love. &amp;quot;You always have a queer look about you,&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
said Favourite to her.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Such things are joys. These passages of happy couples are a profound&lt;br /&gt;
appeal to life and nature, and make a caress and light spring forth from&lt;br /&gt;
everything. There was once a fairy who created the fields and forests&lt;br /&gt;
expressly for those in love,&amp;amp;mdash;in that eternal hedge-school of lovers,&lt;br /&gt;
which is forever beginning anew, and which will last as long as there are&lt;br /&gt;
hedges and scholars. Hence the popularity of spring among thinkers. The&lt;br /&gt;
patrician and the knife-grinder, the duke and the peer, the limb of the&lt;br /&gt;
law, the courtiers and townspeople, as they used to say in olden times,&lt;br /&gt;
all are subjects of this fairy. They laugh and hunt, and there is in the&lt;br /&gt;
air the brilliance of an apotheosis&amp;amp;mdash;what a transfiguration effected&lt;br /&gt;
by love! Notaries' clerks are gods. And the little cries, the pursuits&lt;br /&gt;
through the grass, the waists embraced on the fly, those jargons which are&lt;br /&gt;
melodies, those adorations which burst forth in the manner of pronouncing&lt;br /&gt;
a syllable, those cherries torn from one mouth by another,&amp;amp;mdash;all this&lt;br /&gt;
blazes forth and takes its place among the celestial glories. Beautiful&lt;br /&gt;
women waste themselves sweetly. They think that this will never come to an&lt;br /&gt;
end. Philosophers, poets, painters, observe these ecstasies and know not&lt;br /&gt;
what to make of it, so greatly are they dazzled by it. The departure for&lt;br /&gt;
Cythera! exclaims Watteau; Lancret, the painter of plebeians, contemplates&lt;br /&gt;
his bourgeois, who have flitted away into the azure sky; Diderot stretches&lt;br /&gt;
out his arms to all these love idyls, and d'Urfe mingles druids with them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After breakfast the four couples went to what was then called the King's&lt;br /&gt;
Square to see a newly arrived plant from India, whose name escapes our&lt;br /&gt;
memory at this moment, and which, at that epoch, was attracting all Paris&lt;br /&gt;
to Saint-Cloud. It was an odd and charming shrub with a long stem, whose&lt;br /&gt;
numerous branches, bristling and leafless and as fine as threads, were&lt;br /&gt;
covered with a million tiny white rosettes; this gave the shrub the air of&lt;br /&gt;
a head of hair studded with flowers. There was always an admiring crowd&lt;br /&gt;
about it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After viewing the shrub, Tholomyes exclaimed, &amp;quot;I offer you asses!&amp;quot; and&lt;br /&gt;
having agreed upon a price with the owner of the asses, they returned by&lt;br /&gt;
way of Vanvres and Issy. At Issy an incident occurred. The truly national&lt;br /&gt;
park, at that time owned by Bourguin the contractor, happened to be wide&lt;br /&gt;
open. They passed the gates, visited the manikin anchorite in his grotto,&lt;br /&gt;
tried the mysterious little effects of the famous cabinet of mirrors, the&lt;br /&gt;
wanton trap worthy of a satyr become a millionaire or of Turcaret&lt;br /&gt;
metamorphosed into a Priapus. They had stoutly shaken the swing attached&lt;br /&gt;
to the two chestnut-trees celebrated by the Abbé de Bernis. As he swung&lt;br /&gt;
these beauties, one after the other, producing folds in the fluttering&lt;br /&gt;
skirts which Greuze would have found to his taste, amid peals of laughter,&lt;br /&gt;
the Toulousan Tholomyes, who was somewhat of a Spaniard, Toulouse being&lt;br /&gt;
the cousin of Tolosa, sang, to a melancholy chant, the old ballad gallega,&lt;br /&gt;
probably inspired by some lovely maid dashing in full flight upon a rope&lt;br /&gt;
between two trees:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &amp;quot;Soy de Badajoz,  &amp;quot;Badajoz is my home,&lt;br /&gt;
 Amor me llama,    And Love is my name;&lt;br /&gt;
 Toda mi alma,     To my eyes in flame,&lt;br /&gt;
 Es en mi ojos,    All my soul doth come;&lt;br /&gt;
 Porque ensenas,   For instruction meet&lt;br /&gt;
 A tuas piernas.   I receive at thy feet&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine alone refused to swing.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I don't like to have people put on airs like that,&amp;quot; muttered Favourite,&lt;br /&gt;
with a good deal of acrimony.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After leaving the asses there was a fresh delight; they crossed the Seine&lt;br /&gt;
in a boat, and proceeding from Passy on foot they reached the barrier of&lt;br /&gt;
l'Etoile. They had been up since five o'clock that morning, as the reader&lt;br /&gt;
will remember; but bah! there is no such thing as fatigue on Sunday, said&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite; on Sunday fatigue does not work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About three o'clock the four couples, frightened at their happiness, were&lt;br /&gt;
sliding down the Russian mountains, a singular edifice which then occupied&lt;br /&gt;
the heights of Beaujon, and whose undulating line was visible above the&lt;br /&gt;
trees of the Champs Elysees.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
From time to time Favourite exclaimed:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And the surprise? I claim the surprise.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Patience,&amp;quot; replied Tholomyes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_3&amp;diff=226</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 3</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_3&amp;diff=226"/>
		<updated>2014-03-03T03:02:54Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 3: Four and Four&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapit...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 3: Four and Four&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapitre 3: Quatre &amp;amp;agrave; quatre)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce qu'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une partie de campagne d'&amp;amp;eacute;tudiants et de grisettes, il y a&lt;br /&gt;
quarante-cinq ans, on se le repr&amp;amp;eacute;sente malais&amp;amp;eacute;ment aujourd'hui. Paris&lt;br /&gt;
n'a plus les m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes environs; la figure de ce qu'on pourrait appeler la&lt;br /&gt;
vie circumparisienne a compl&amp;amp;egrave;tement chang&amp;amp;eacute; depuis un demi-si&amp;amp;egrave;cle; o&amp;amp;ugrave; il&lt;br /&gt;
y avait le coucou, il y a le wagon; o&amp;amp;ugrave; il y avait la patache, il y a le&lt;br /&gt;
bateau &amp;amp;agrave; vapeur; on dit aujourd'hui F&amp;amp;eacute;camp comme on disait Saint-Cloud.&lt;br /&gt;
Le Paris de 1862 est une ville qui a la France pour banlieue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les quatre couples accomplirent consciencieusement toutes les folies&lt;br /&gt;
champ&amp;amp;ecirc;tres possibles alors. On entrait dans les vacances, et c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une&lt;br /&gt;
chaude et claire journ&amp;amp;eacute;e d'&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;. La veille, Favourite, la seule qui s&amp;amp;ucirc;t&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;crire, avait &amp;amp;eacute;crit ceci &amp;amp;agrave; Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s au nom des quatre: &amp;amp;laquo;C'est un bonne&lt;br /&gt;
heure de sortir de bonheur.&amp;amp;raquo; C'est pourquoi ils se lev&amp;amp;egrave;rent &amp;amp;agrave; cinq&lt;br /&gt;
heures du matin. Puis ils all&amp;amp;egrave;rent &amp;amp;agrave; Saint-Cloud par le coche,&lt;br /&gt;
regard&amp;amp;egrave;rent la cascade &amp;amp;agrave; sec, et s'&amp;amp;eacute;cri&amp;amp;egrave;rent: &amp;amp;laquo;Cela doit &amp;amp;ecirc;tre bien beau&lt;br /&gt;
quand il y a de l'eau!&amp;amp;raquo; d&amp;amp;eacute;jeun&amp;amp;egrave;rent &amp;amp;agrave; la ''T&amp;amp;ecirc;te-Noire'', o&amp;amp;ugrave; Castaing&lt;br /&gt;
n'avait pas encore pass&amp;amp;eacute;, se pay&amp;amp;egrave;rent une partie de bagues au quinconce&lt;br /&gt;
du grand bassin, mont&amp;amp;egrave;rent &amp;amp;agrave; la lanterne de Diog&amp;amp;egrave;ne, jou&amp;amp;egrave;rent des&lt;br /&gt;
macarons &amp;amp;agrave; la roulette du pont de S&amp;amp;egrave;vres, cueillirent des bouquets &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Puteaux, achet&amp;amp;egrave;rent des mirlitons &amp;amp;agrave; Neuilly, mang&amp;amp;egrave;rent partout des&lt;br /&gt;
chaussons de pommes, furent parfaitement heureux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les jeunes filles bruissaient et bavardaient comme des fauvettes&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;chapp&amp;amp;eacute;es. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un d&amp;amp;eacute;lire. Elles donnaient par moments de petites&lt;br /&gt;
tapes aux jeunes gens. Ivresse matinale de la vie! Adorables ann&amp;amp;eacute;es!&lt;br /&gt;
L'aile des libellules frissonne. Oh! qui que vous soyez, vous&lt;br /&gt;
souvenez-vous? Avez-vous march&amp;amp;eacute; dans les broussailles, en &amp;amp;eacute;cartant les&lt;br /&gt;
branches &amp;amp;agrave; cause de la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te charmante qui vient derri&amp;amp;egrave;re vous? Avez-vous&lt;br /&gt;
gliss&amp;amp;eacute; en riant sur quelque talus mouill&amp;amp;eacute; par la pluie avec une femme&lt;br /&gt;
aim&amp;amp;eacute;e qui vous retient par la main et qui s'&amp;amp;eacute;crie: &amp;amp;laquo;Ah! mes brodequins&lt;br /&gt;
tout neufs! dans quel &amp;amp;eacute;tat ils sont!&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Disons tout de suite que cette joyeuse contrari&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;, une ond&amp;amp;eacute;e, manqua &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
cette compagnie de belle humeur, quoique Favourite e&amp;amp;ucirc;t dit en partant,&lt;br /&gt;
avec un accent magistral et maternel: ''Les limaces se prom&amp;amp;egrave;nent dans les sentiers. Signe de pluie, mes enfants''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Toutes quatre &amp;amp;eacute;taient follement jolies. Un bon vieux po&amp;amp;egrave;te classique,&lt;br /&gt;
alors en renom, un bonhomme qui avait une &amp;amp;Eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;onore, M. le chevalier de&lt;br /&gt;
Labou&amp;amp;iuml;sse, errant ce jour-l&amp;amp;agrave; sous les marronniers de Saint-Cloud, les&lt;br /&gt;
vit passer vers dix heures du matin; il s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria: ''Il y en a une de trop'', songeant aux Gr&amp;amp;acirc;ces. Favourite, l'amie de Blachevelle, celle de&lt;br /&gt;
vingt-trois ans, la vieille, courait en avant sous les grandes branches&lt;br /&gt;
vertes, sautait les foss&amp;amp;eacute;s, enjambait &amp;amp;eacute;perdument les buissons, et&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;sidait cette ga&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; avec une verve de jeune faunesse. Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia, que le hasard avait faites belles de fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on qu'elles se faisaient&lt;br /&gt;
valoir en se rapprochant et se compl&amp;amp;eacute;taient, ne se quittaient point, par&lt;br /&gt;
instinct de coquetterie plus encore que par amiti&amp;amp;eacute;, et, appuy&amp;amp;eacute;es l'une &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'autre, prenaient des poses anglaises; les premiers ''keepsakes''&lt;br /&gt;
venaient de para&amp;amp;icirc;tre, la m&amp;amp;eacute;lancolie pointait pour les femmes, comme,&lt;br /&gt;
plus tard, le byronisme pour les hommes, et les cheveux du sexe tendre&lt;br /&gt;
commen&amp;amp;ccedil;aient &amp;amp;agrave; s'&amp;amp;eacute;plorer. Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et Dahlia &amp;amp;eacute;taient coiff&amp;amp;eacute;es en&lt;br /&gt;
rouleaux. Listolier et Fameuil, engag&amp;amp;eacute;s dans une discussion sur leurs&lt;br /&gt;
professeurs, expliquaient &amp;amp;agrave; Fantine la diff&amp;amp;eacute;rence qu'il y avait entre M.&lt;br /&gt;
Delvincourt et M. Blondeau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle semblait avoir &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; cr&amp;amp;eacute;&amp;amp;eacute; express&amp;amp;eacute;ment pour porter sur son&lt;br /&gt;
bras le dimanche le ch&amp;amp;acirc;le-ternaux boiteux de Favourite.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s suivait, dominant le groupe. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait tr&amp;amp;egrave;s gai, mais on&lt;br /&gt;
sentait en lui le gouvernement; il y avait de la dictature dans sa&lt;br /&gt;
jovialit&amp;amp;eacute;; son ornement principal &amp;amp;eacute;tait un pantalon jambes-d'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;phant,&lt;br /&gt;
en nankin, avec sous-pieds de tresse de cuivre; il avait un puissant&lt;br /&gt;
rotin de deux cents francs &amp;amp;agrave; la main, et, comme il se permettait tout,&lt;br /&gt;
une chose &amp;amp;eacute;trange appel&amp;amp;eacute;e cigare, &amp;amp;agrave; la bouche. Rien n'&amp;amp;eacute;tant sacr&amp;amp;eacute; pour&lt;br /&gt;
lui, il fumait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ce Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s est &amp;amp;eacute;tonnant, disaient les autres avec v&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ration. Quels&lt;br /&gt;
pantalons! quelle &amp;amp;eacute;nergie!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; Fantine, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait la joie. Ses dents splendides avaient&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;videmment re&amp;amp;ccedil;u de Dieu une fonction, le rire. Elle portait &amp;amp;agrave; sa main&lt;br /&gt;
plus volontiers que sur sa t&amp;amp;ecirc;te son petit chapeau de paille cousue, aux&lt;br /&gt;
longues brides blanches. Ses &amp;amp;eacute;pais cheveux blonds, enclins &amp;amp;agrave; flotter et&lt;br /&gt;
facilement d&amp;amp;eacute;nou&amp;amp;eacute;s et qu'il fallait rattacher sans cesse, semblaient&lt;br /&gt;
faits pour la fuite de Galat&amp;amp;eacute;e sous les saules. Ses l&amp;amp;egrave;vres roses&lt;br /&gt;
babillaient avec enchantement. Les coins de sa bouche voluptueusement&lt;br /&gt;
relev&amp;amp;eacute;s, comme aux mascarons antiques d'&amp;amp;Eacute;rigone, avaient l'air&lt;br /&gt;
d'encourager les audaces; mais ses longs cils pleins d'ombre&lt;br /&gt;
s'abaissaient discr&amp;amp;egrave;tement sur ce brouhaha du bas du visage comme pour&lt;br /&gt;
mettre le hol&amp;amp;agrave;. Toute sa toilette avait on ne sait quoi de chantant et&lt;br /&gt;
de flambant. Elle avait une robe de bar&amp;amp;egrave;ge mauve, de petits&lt;br /&gt;
souliers-cothurnes mordor&amp;amp;eacute;s dont les rubans tra&amp;amp;ccedil;aient des X sur son fin&lt;br /&gt;
bas blanc &amp;amp;agrave; jour, et cette esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de spencer en mousseline, invention&lt;br /&gt;
marseillaise, dont le nom, canezou, corruption du mot ''quinze ao&amp;amp;ucirc;t''&lt;br /&gt;
prononc&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; la Canebi&amp;amp;egrave;re, signifie beau temps, chaleur et midi. Les trois&lt;br /&gt;
autres, moins timides, nous l'avons dit, &amp;amp;eacute;taient d&amp;amp;eacute;collet&amp;amp;eacute;es tout net,&lt;br /&gt;
ce qui, l'&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;, sous des chapeaux couverts de fleurs, a beaucoup de gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce&lt;br /&gt;
et d'agacerie; mais, &amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de ces ajustements hardis, le canezou de la&lt;br /&gt;
blonde Fantine, avec ses transparences, ses indiscr&amp;amp;eacute;tions et ses&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;ticences, cachant et montrant &amp;amp;agrave; la fois, semblait une trouvaille&lt;br /&gt;
provocante de la d&amp;amp;eacute;cence, et la fameuse cour d'amour, pr&amp;amp;eacute;sid&amp;amp;eacute;e par la&lt;br /&gt;
vicomtesse de Cette aux yeux vert de mer, e&amp;amp;ucirc;t peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre donn&amp;amp;eacute; le prix de&lt;br /&gt;
la coquetterie &amp;amp;agrave; ce canezou qui concourait pour la chastet&amp;amp;eacute;. Le plus&lt;br /&gt;
na&amp;amp;iuml;f est quelquefois le plus savant. Cela arrive.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Eacute;clatante de face, d&amp;amp;eacute;licate de profil, les yeux d'un bleu profond, les&lt;br /&gt;
paupi&amp;amp;egrave;res grasses, les pieds cambr&amp;amp;eacute;s et petits, les poignets et les&lt;br /&gt;
chevilles admirablement embo&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s, la peau blanche laissant voir &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
les arborescences azur&amp;amp;eacute;es des veines, la joue pu&amp;amp;eacute;rile et franche, le cou&lt;br /&gt;
robuste des Junons &amp;amp;eacute;gin&amp;amp;eacute;tiques, la nuque forte et souple, les &amp;amp;eacute;paules&lt;br /&gt;
model&amp;amp;eacute;es comme par Coustou, ayant au centre une voluptueuse fossette&lt;br /&gt;
visible &amp;amp;agrave; travers la mousseline; une ga&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; glac&amp;amp;eacute;e de r&amp;amp;ecirc;verie;&lt;br /&gt;
sculpturale et exquise; telle &amp;amp;eacute;tait Fantine; et l'on devinait sous ces&lt;br /&gt;
chiffons une statue, et dans cette statue une &amp;amp;acirc;me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait belle, sans trop le savoir. Les rares songeurs, pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tres&lt;br /&gt;
myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieux du beau, qui confrontent silencieusement toute chose &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
perfection, eussent entrevu en cette petite ouvri&amp;amp;egrave;re, &amp;amp;agrave; travers la&lt;br /&gt;
transparence de la gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce parisienne, l'antique euphonie sacr&amp;amp;eacute;e. Cette&lt;br /&gt;
fille de l'ombre avait de la race. Elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait belle sous les deux&lt;br /&gt;
esp&amp;amp;egrave;ces, qui sont le style et le rythme. Le style est la forme de&lt;br /&gt;
l'id&amp;amp;eacute;al; le rythme en est le mouvement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nous avons dit que Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait la joie, Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait aussi la pudeur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pour un observateur qui l'e&amp;amp;ucirc;t &amp;amp;eacute;tudi&amp;amp;eacute;e attentivement, ce qui se d&amp;amp;eacute;gageait&lt;br /&gt;
d'elle, &amp;amp;agrave; travers toute cette ivresse de l'&amp;amp;acirc;ge, de la saison et de&lt;br /&gt;
l'amourette, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une invincible expression de retenue et de&lt;br /&gt;
modestie. Elle restait un peu &amp;amp;eacute;tonn&amp;amp;eacute;e. Ce chaste &amp;amp;eacute;tonnement-l&amp;amp;agrave; est la&lt;br /&gt;
nuance qui s&amp;amp;eacute;pare Psych&amp;amp;eacute; de V&amp;amp;eacute;nus. Fantine avait les longs doigts blancs&lt;br /&gt;
et fins de la vestale qui remue les cendres du feu sacr&amp;amp;eacute; avec une&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;pingle d'or. Quoiqu'elle n'e&amp;amp;ucirc;t rien refus&amp;amp;eacute;, on ne le verra que trop, &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, son visage, au repos, &amp;amp;eacute;tait souverainement virginal; une&lt;br /&gt;
sorte de dignit&amp;amp;eacute; s&amp;amp;eacute;rieuse et presque aust&amp;amp;egrave;re l'envahissait soudainement&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; de certaines heures, et rien n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait singulier et troublant comme de&lt;br /&gt;
voir la ga&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; s'y &amp;amp;eacute;teindre si vite et le recueillement y succ&amp;amp;eacute;der sans&lt;br /&gt;
transition &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;panouissement. Cette gravit&amp;amp;eacute; subite, parfois s&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;egrave;rement&lt;br /&gt;
accentu&amp;amp;eacute;e, ressemblait au d&amp;amp;eacute;dain d'une d&amp;amp;eacute;esse. Son front, son nez et son&lt;br /&gt;
menton offraient cet &amp;amp;eacute;quilibre de ligne, tr&amp;amp;egrave;s distinct de l'&amp;amp;eacute;quilibre de&lt;br /&gt;
proportion, et d'o&amp;amp;ugrave; r&amp;amp;eacute;sulte l'harmonie du visage; dans l'intervalle si&lt;br /&gt;
caract&amp;amp;eacute;ristique qui s&amp;amp;eacute;pare la base du nez de la l&amp;amp;egrave;vre sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieure, elle&lt;br /&gt;
avait ce pli imperceptible et charmant, signe myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieux de la chastet&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
qui rendit Barberousse amoureux d'une Diane trouv&amp;amp;eacute;e dans les fouilles&lt;br /&gt;
d'Ic&amp;amp;ocirc;ne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'amour est une faute; soit. Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait l'innocence surnageant sur la&lt;br /&gt;
faute.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
It is hard nowadays to picture to one's self what a pleasure-trip of&lt;br /&gt;
students and grisettes to the country was like, forty-five years ago. The&lt;br /&gt;
suburbs of Paris are no longer the same; the physiognomy of what may be&lt;br /&gt;
called circumparisian life has changed completely in the last&lt;br /&gt;
half-century; where there was the cuckoo, there is the railway car; where&lt;br /&gt;
there was a tender-boat, there is now the steamboat; people speak of&lt;br /&gt;
Fecamp nowadays as they spoke of Saint-Cloud in those days. The Paris of&lt;br /&gt;
1862 is a city which has France for its outskirts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The four couples conscientiously went through with all the country follies&lt;br /&gt;
possible at that time. The vacation was beginning, and it was a warm,&lt;br /&gt;
bright, summer day. On the preceding day, Favourite, the only one who knew&lt;br /&gt;
how to write, had written the following to Tholomyes in the name of the&lt;br /&gt;
four: &amp;quot;It is a good hour to emerge from happiness.&amp;quot; That is why they rose&lt;br /&gt;
at five o'clock in the morning. Then they went to Saint-Cloud by the&lt;br /&gt;
coach, looked at the dry cascade and exclaimed, &amp;quot;This must be very&lt;br /&gt;
beautiful when there is water!&amp;quot; They breakfasted at the Tete-Noir, where&lt;br /&gt;
Castaing had not yet been; they treated themselves to a game of&lt;br /&gt;
ring-throwing under the quincunx of trees of the grand fountain; they&lt;br /&gt;
ascended Diogenes' lantern, they gambled for macaroons at the roulette&lt;br /&gt;
establishment of the Pont de Sevres, picked bouquets at Pateaux, bought&lt;br /&gt;
reed-pipes at Neuilly, ate apple tarts everywhere, and were perfectly&lt;br /&gt;
happy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The young girls rustled and chatted like warblers escaped from their cage.&lt;br /&gt;
It was a perfect delirium. From time to time they bestowed little taps on&lt;br /&gt;
the young men. Matutinal intoxication of life! adorable years! the wings&lt;br /&gt;
of the dragonfly quiver. Oh, whoever you may be, do you not remember? Have&lt;br /&gt;
you rambled through the brushwood, holding aside the branches, on account&lt;br /&gt;
of the charming head which is coming on behind you? Have you slid,&lt;br /&gt;
laughing, down a slope all wet with rain, with a beloved woman holding&lt;br /&gt;
your hand, and crying, &amp;quot;Ah, my new boots! what a state they are in!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Let us say at once that that merry obstacle, a shower, was lacking in the&lt;br /&gt;
case of this good-humored party, although Favourite had said as they set&lt;br /&gt;
out, with a magisterial and maternal tone, &amp;quot;The slugs are crawling in the&lt;br /&gt;
paths,&amp;amp;mdash;a sign of rain, children.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All four were madly pretty. A good old classic poet, then famous, a good&lt;br /&gt;
fellow who had an Eleonore, M. le Chevalier de Labouisse, as he strolled&lt;br /&gt;
that day beneath the chestnut-trees of Saint-Cloud, saw them pass about&lt;br /&gt;
ten o'clock in the morning, and exclaimed, &amp;quot;There is one too many of&lt;br /&gt;
them,&amp;quot; as he thought of the Graces. Favourite, Blachevelle's friend, the&lt;br /&gt;
one aged three and twenty, the old one, ran on in front under the great&lt;br /&gt;
green boughs, jumped the ditches, stalked distractedly over bushes, and&lt;br /&gt;
presided over this merry-making with the spirit of a young female faun.&lt;br /&gt;
Zephine and Dahlia, whom chance had made beautiful in such a way that they&lt;br /&gt;
set each off when they were together, and completed each other, never left&lt;br /&gt;
each other, more from an instinct of coquetry than from friendship, and&lt;br /&gt;
clinging to each other, they assumed English poses; the first keepsakes&lt;br /&gt;
had just made their appearance, melancholy was dawning for women, as later&lt;br /&gt;
on, Byronism dawned for men; and the hair of the tender sex began to droop&lt;br /&gt;
dolefully. Zephine and Dahlia had their hair dressed in rolls. Listolier&lt;br /&gt;
and Fameuil, who were engaged in discussing their professors, explained to&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine the difference that existed between M. Delvincourt and M.&lt;br /&gt;
Blondeau.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle seemed to have been created expressly to carry Favourite's&lt;br /&gt;
single-bordered, imitation India shawl of Ternaux's manufacture, on his&lt;br /&gt;
arm on Sundays.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomyes followed, dominating the group. He was very gay, but one felt&lt;br /&gt;
the force of government in him; there was dictation in his joviality; his&lt;br /&gt;
principal ornament was a pair of trousers of elephant-leg pattern of&lt;br /&gt;
nankeen, with straps of braided copper wire; he carried a stout rattan&lt;br /&gt;
worth two hundred francs in his hand, and, as he treated himself to&lt;br /&gt;
everything, a strange thing called a cigar in his mouth. Nothing was&lt;br /&gt;
sacred to him; he smoked.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That Tholomyes is astounding!&amp;quot; said the others, with veneration. &amp;quot;What&lt;br /&gt;
trousers! What energy!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for Fantine, she was a joy to behold. Her splendid teeth had evidently&lt;br /&gt;
received an office from God,&amp;amp;mdash;laughter. She preferred to carry her&lt;br /&gt;
little hat of sewed straw, with its long white strings, in her hand rather&lt;br /&gt;
than on her head. Her thick blond hair, which was inclined to wave, and&lt;br /&gt;
which easily uncoiled, and which it was necessary to fasten up&lt;br /&gt;
incessantly, seemed made for the flight of Galatea under the willows. Her&lt;br /&gt;
rosy lips babbled enchantingly. The corners of her mouth voluptuously&lt;br /&gt;
turned up, as in the antique masks of Erigone, had an air of encouraging&lt;br /&gt;
the audacious; but her long, shadowy lashes drooped discreetly over the&lt;br /&gt;
jollity of the lower part of the face as though to call a halt. There was&lt;br /&gt;
something indescribably harmonious and striking about her entire dress.&lt;br /&gt;
She wore a gown of mauve barege, little reddish brown buskins, whose&lt;br /&gt;
ribbons traced an X on her fine, white, open-worked stockings, and that&lt;br /&gt;
sort of muslin spencer, a Marseilles invention, whose name, canezou, a&lt;br /&gt;
corruption of the words quinze aout, pronounced after the fashion of the&lt;br /&gt;
Canebiere, signifies fine weather, heat, and midday. The three others,&lt;br /&gt;
less timid, as we have already said, wore low-necked dresses without&lt;br /&gt;
disguise, which in summer, beneath flower-adorned hats, are very graceful&lt;br /&gt;
and enticing; but by the side of these audacious outfits, blond Fantine's&lt;br /&gt;
canezou, with its transparencies, its indiscretion, and its reticence,&lt;br /&gt;
concealing and displaying at one and the same time, seemed an alluring&lt;br /&gt;
godsend of decency, and the famous Court of Love, presided over by the&lt;br /&gt;
Vicomtesse de Cette, with the sea-green eyes, would, perhaps, have awarded&lt;br /&gt;
the prize for coquetry to this canezou, in the contest for the prize of&lt;br /&gt;
modesty. The most ingenious is, at times, the wisest. This does happen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Brilliant of face, delicate of profile, with eyes of a deep blue, heavy&lt;br /&gt;
lids, feet arched and small, wrists and ankles admirably formed, a white&lt;br /&gt;
skin which, here and there allowed the azure branching of the veins to be&lt;br /&gt;
seen, joy, a cheek that was young and fresh, the robust throat of the Juno&lt;br /&gt;
of AEgina, a strong and supple nape of the neck, shoulders modelled as&lt;br /&gt;
though by Coustou, with a voluptuous dimple in the middle, visible through&lt;br /&gt;
the muslin; a gayety cooled by dreaminess; sculptural and exquisite&amp;amp;mdash;such&lt;br /&gt;
was Fantine; and beneath these feminine adornments and these ribbons one&lt;br /&gt;
could divine a statue, and in that statue a soul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine was beautiful, without being too conscious of it. Those rare&lt;br /&gt;
dreamers, mysterious priests of the beautiful who silently confront&lt;br /&gt;
everything with perfection, would have caught a glimpse in this little&lt;br /&gt;
working-woman, through the transparency of her Parisian grace, of the&lt;br /&gt;
ancient sacred euphony. This daughter of the shadows was thoroughbred. She&lt;br /&gt;
was beautiful in the two ways&amp;amp;mdash;style and rhythm. Style is the form of&lt;br /&gt;
the ideal; rhythm is its movement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We have said that Fantine was joy; she was also modesty.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
To an observer who studied her attentively, that which breathed from her&lt;br /&gt;
athwart all the intoxication of her age, the season, and her love affair,&lt;br /&gt;
was an invincible expression of reserve and modesty. She remained a little&lt;br /&gt;
astonished. This chaste astonishment is the shade of difference which&lt;br /&gt;
separates Psyche from Venus. Fantine had the long, white, fine fingers of&lt;br /&gt;
the vestal virgin who stirs the ashes of the sacred fire with a golden&lt;br /&gt;
pin. Although she would have refused nothing to Tholomyes, as we shall&lt;br /&gt;
have more than ample opportunity to see, her face in repose was supremely&lt;br /&gt;
virginal; a sort of serious and almost austere dignity suddenly&lt;br /&gt;
overwhelmed her at certain times, and there was nothing more singular and&lt;br /&gt;
disturbing than to see gayety become so suddenly extinct there, and&lt;br /&gt;
meditation succeed to cheerfulness without any transition state. This&lt;br /&gt;
sudden and sometimes severely accentuated gravity resembled the disdain of&lt;br /&gt;
a goddess. Her brow, her nose, her chin, presented that equilibrium of&lt;br /&gt;
outline which is quite distinct from equilibrium of proportion, and from&lt;br /&gt;
which harmony of countenance results; in the very characteristic interval&lt;br /&gt;
which separates the base of the nose from the upper lip, she had that&lt;br /&gt;
imperceptible and charming fold, a mysterious sign of chastity, which&lt;br /&gt;
makes Barberousse fall in love with a Diana found in the treasures of&lt;br /&gt;
Iconia.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Love is a fault; so be it. Fantine was innocence floating high over fault.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=225</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_2&amp;diff=225"/>
		<updated>2014-03-03T02:58:13Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 2: A Double Quartette&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, C...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 2: A Double Quartette&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapitre 2: Double quatuor)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces Parisiens &amp;amp;eacute;taient l'un de Toulouse, l'autre de Limoges, le troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me&lt;br /&gt;
de Cahors et le quatri&amp;amp;egrave;me de Montauban; mais ils &amp;amp;eacute;taient &amp;amp;eacute;tudiants, et&lt;br /&gt;
qui dit &amp;amp;eacute;tudiant dit parisien; &amp;amp;eacute;tudier &amp;amp;agrave; Paris, c'est na&amp;amp;icirc;tre &amp;amp;agrave; Paris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces jeunes gens &amp;amp;eacute;taient insignifiants; tout le monde a vu ces&lt;br /&gt;
figures-l&amp;amp;agrave;; quatre &amp;amp;eacute;chantillons du premier venu; ni bons ni mauvais, ni&lt;br /&gt;
savants ni ignorants, ni des g&amp;amp;eacute;nies ni des imb&amp;amp;eacute;ciles; beaux de ce&lt;br /&gt;
charmant avril qu'on appelle vingt ans. C'&amp;amp;eacute;taient quatre Oscars&lt;br /&gt;
quelconques, car &amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque les Arthurs n'existaient pas encore.&lt;br /&gt;
''Br&amp;amp;ucirc;lez pour lui les parfums d'Arabie'', s'&amp;amp;eacute;criait la romance, ''Oscar s'avance, Oscar, je vais le voir''! On sortait d'Ossian, l'&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;gance &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
scandinave et cal&amp;amp;eacute;donienne, le genre anglais pur ne devait pr&amp;amp;eacute;valoir que&lt;br /&gt;
plus tard, et le premier des Arthurs, Wellington, venait &amp;amp;agrave; peine de&lt;br /&gt;
gagner la bataille de Waterloo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ces Oscars s'appelaient l'un F&amp;amp;eacute;lix Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, de Toulouse; l'autre&lt;br /&gt;
Listolier, de Cahors; l'autre Fameuil, de Limoges; le dernier&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, de Montauban. Naturellement chacun avait sa ma&amp;amp;icirc;tresse.&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle aimait Favourite, ainsi nomm&amp;amp;eacute;e parce qu'elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait all&amp;amp;eacute;e en&lt;br /&gt;
Angleterre; Listolier adorait Dahlia, qui avait pris pour nom de guerre&lt;br /&gt;
un nom de fleur; Fameuil idol&amp;amp;acirc;trait Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine, abr&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute; de Jos&amp;amp;eacute;phine;&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s avait Fantine, dite la Blonde &amp;amp;agrave; cause de ses beaux cheveux&lt;br /&gt;
couleur de soleil.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite, Dahlia, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;taient quatre ravissantes filles,&lt;br /&gt;
parfum&amp;amp;eacute;es et radieuses, encore un peu ouvri&amp;amp;egrave;res, n'ayant pas tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait&lt;br /&gt;
quitt&amp;amp;eacute; leur aiguille, d&amp;amp;eacute;rang&amp;amp;eacute;es par les amourettes, mais ayant sur le&lt;br /&gt;
visage un reste de la s&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;nit&amp;amp;eacute; du travail et dans l'&amp;amp;acirc;me cette fleur&lt;br /&gt;
d'honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tet&amp;amp;eacute; qui dans la femme survit &amp;amp;agrave; la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re chute. Il y avait une&lt;br /&gt;
des quatre qu'on appelait la jeune, parce qu'elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait la cadette; et&lt;br /&gt;
une qu'on appelait la vieille. La vieille avait vingt-trois ans. Pour ne&lt;br /&gt;
rien celer, les trois premi&amp;amp;egrave;res &amp;amp;eacute;taient plus exp&amp;amp;eacute;riment&amp;amp;eacute;es, plus&lt;br /&gt;
insouciantes et plus envol&amp;amp;eacute;es dans le bruit de la vie que Fantine la&lt;br /&gt;
Blonde, qui en &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave; sa premi&amp;amp;egrave;re illusion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine, et surtout Favourite, n'en auraient pu dire autant. Il&lt;br /&gt;
y avait d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; plus d'un &amp;amp;eacute;pisode &amp;amp;agrave; leur roman &amp;amp;agrave; peine commenc&amp;amp;eacute;, et&lt;br /&gt;
l'amoureux, qui s'appelait Adolphe au premier chapitre, se trouvait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
Alphonse au second, et Gustave au troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me. Pauvret&amp;amp;eacute; et coquetterie&lt;br /&gt;
sont deux conseill&amp;amp;egrave;res fatales, l'une gronde, l'autre flatte; et les&lt;br /&gt;
belles filles du peuple les ont toutes les deux qui leur parlent bas &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'oreille, chacune de son c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;. Ces &amp;amp;acirc;mes mal gard&amp;amp;eacute;es &amp;amp;eacute;coutent. De l&amp;amp;agrave; les&lt;br /&gt;
chutes qu'elles font et les pierres qu'on leur jette. On les accable&lt;br /&gt;
avec la splendeur de tout ce qui est immacul&amp;amp;eacute; et inaccessible. H&amp;amp;eacute;las! si&lt;br /&gt;
la ''Yungfrau'' avait faim?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite, ayant &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; en Angleterre, avait pour admiratrices Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia. Elle avait eu de tr&amp;amp;egrave;s bonne heure un chez-soi. Son p&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;tait un&lt;br /&gt;
vieux professeur de math&amp;amp;eacute;matiques brutal et qui gasconnait; point mari&amp;amp;eacute;,&lt;br /&gt;
courant le cachet malgr&amp;amp;eacute; l'&amp;amp;acirc;ge. Ce professeur, &amp;amp;eacute;tant jeune, avait vu un&lt;br /&gt;
jour la robe d'une femme de chambre s'accrocher &amp;amp;agrave; un garde-cendre; il&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait tomb&amp;amp;eacute; amoureux de cet accident. Il en &amp;amp;eacute;tait r&amp;amp;eacute;sult&amp;amp;eacute; Favourite.&lt;br /&gt;
Elle rencontrait de temps en temps son p&amp;amp;egrave;re, qui la saluait. Un matin,&lt;br /&gt;
une vieille femme &amp;amp;agrave; l'air b&amp;amp;eacute;guin &amp;amp;eacute;tait entr&amp;amp;eacute;e chez elle et lui avait&lt;br /&gt;
dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vous ne me connaissez pas, mademoiselle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Non.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je suis ta m&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis la vieille avait ouvert le buffet, bu et mang&amp;amp;eacute;, fait apporter un&lt;br /&gt;
matelas qu'elle avait, et s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait install&amp;amp;eacute;e. Cette m&amp;amp;egrave;re, grognon et&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;vote, ne parlait jamais &amp;amp;agrave; Favourite, restait des heures sans souffler&lt;br /&gt;
mot, d&amp;amp;eacute;jeunait, d&amp;amp;icirc;nait et soupait comme quatre, et descendait faire&lt;br /&gt;
salon chez le portier, o&amp;amp;ugrave; elle disait du mal de sa fille.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ce qui avait entra&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; Dahlia vers Listolier, vers d'autres peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre,&lt;br /&gt;
vers l'oisivet&amp;amp;eacute;, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait d'avoir de trop jolis ongles roses. Comment&lt;br /&gt;
faire travailler ces ongles-l&amp;amp;agrave;? Qui veut rester vertueuse ne doit pas&lt;br /&gt;
avoir piti&amp;amp;eacute; de ses mains. Quant &amp;amp;agrave; Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine, elle avait conquis Fameuil&lt;br /&gt;
par sa petite mani&amp;amp;egrave;re mutine et caressante de dire: &amp;amp;laquo;Oui, monsieur&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Les jeunes gens &amp;amp;eacute;tant camarades, les jeunes filles &amp;amp;eacute;taient amies. Ces&lt;br /&gt;
amours-l&amp;amp;agrave; sont toujours doubl&amp;amp;eacute;s de ces amiti&amp;amp;eacute;s-l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sage et philosophe, c'est deux; et ce qui le prouve, c'est que, toutes&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;serves faites sur ces petits m&amp;amp;eacute;nages irr&amp;amp;eacute;guliers, Favourite, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine&lt;br /&gt;
et Dahlia &amp;amp;eacute;taient des filles philosophes, et Fantine une fille sage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sage, dira-t-on? et Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s? Salomon r&amp;amp;eacute;pondrait que l'amour fait&lt;br /&gt;
partie de la sagesse. Nous nous bornons &amp;amp;agrave; dire que l'amour de Fantine&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait un premier amour, un amour unique, un amour fid&amp;amp;egrave;le.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait la seule des quatre qui ne f&amp;amp;ucirc;t tutoy&amp;amp;eacute;e que par un seul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait un de ces &amp;amp;ecirc;tres comme il en &amp;amp;eacute;cl&amp;amp;ocirc;t, pour ainsi dire, au&lt;br /&gt;
fond du peuple. Sortie des plus insondables &amp;amp;eacute;paisseurs de l'ombre&lt;br /&gt;
sociale, elle avait au front le signe de l'anonyme et de l'inconnu. Elle&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait n&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;agrave; Montreuil-sur-mer. De quels parents? Qui pourrait le dire?&lt;br /&gt;
On ne lui avait jamais connu ni p&amp;amp;egrave;re ni m&amp;amp;egrave;re. Elle se nommait Fantine.&lt;br /&gt;
Pourquoi Fantine? On ne lui avait jamais connu d'autre nom. &amp;amp;Agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;poque&lt;br /&gt;
de sa naissance, le Directoire existait encore. Point de nom de famille,&lt;br /&gt;
elle n'avait pas de famille; point de nom de bapt&amp;amp;ecirc;me, l'&amp;amp;eacute;glise n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
plus l&amp;amp;agrave;. Elle s'appela comme il plut au premier passant qui la rencontra&lt;br /&gt;
toute petite, allant pieds nus dans la rue. Elle re&amp;amp;ccedil;ut un nom comme elle&lt;br /&gt;
recevait l'eau des nu&amp;amp;eacute;es sur son front quand il pleuvait. On l'appela la&lt;br /&gt;
petite Fantine. Personne n'en savait davantage. Cette cr&amp;amp;eacute;ature humaine&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait venue dans la vie comme cela. &amp;amp;Agrave; dix ans, Fantine quitta la ville&lt;br /&gt;
et s'alla mettre en service chez des fermiers des environs. &amp;amp;Agrave; quinze&lt;br /&gt;
ans, elle vint &amp;amp;agrave; Paris &amp;quot;chercher fortune&amp;quot;. Fantine &amp;amp;eacute;tait belle et resta&lt;br /&gt;
pure le plus longtemps qu'elle put. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une jolie blonde avec de&lt;br /&gt;
belles dents. Elle avait de l'or et des perles pour dot, mais son or&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait sur sa t&amp;amp;ecirc;te et ses perles &amp;amp;eacute;taient dans sa bouche.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle travailla pour vivre; puis, toujours pour vivre, car le c&amp;amp;oelig;ur a sa&lt;br /&gt;
faim aussi, elle aima.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elle aima Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Amourette pour lui, passion pour elle. Les rues du quartier latin,&lt;br /&gt;
qu'emplit le fourmillement des &amp;amp;eacute;tudiants et des grisettes, virent le&lt;br /&gt;
commencement de ce songe. Fantine, dans ces d&amp;amp;eacute;dales de la colline du&lt;br /&gt;
Panth&amp;amp;eacute;on, o&amp;amp;ugrave; tant d'aventures se nouent et se d&amp;amp;eacute;nouent, avait fui&lt;br /&gt;
longtemps Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, mais de fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on &amp;amp;agrave; le rencontrer toujours. Il y a une&lt;br /&gt;
mani&amp;amp;egrave;re d'&amp;amp;eacute;viter qui ressemble &amp;amp;agrave; chercher. Bref, l'&amp;amp;eacute;glogue eut lieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, Listolier et Fameuil formaient une sorte de groupe dont&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;eacute;tait la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait lui qui avait l'esprit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;eacute;tait l'antique &amp;amp;eacute;tudiant vieux; il &amp;amp;eacute;tait riche; il avait&lt;br /&gt;
quatre mille francs de rente; quatre mille francs de rente, splendide&lt;br /&gt;
scandale sur la montagne Sainte-Genevi&amp;amp;egrave;ve. Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s &amp;amp;eacute;tait un viveur de&lt;br /&gt;
trente ans, mal conserv&amp;amp;eacute;. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait rid&amp;amp;eacute; et &amp;amp;eacute;dent&amp;amp;eacute;; et il &amp;amp;eacute;bauchait une&lt;br /&gt;
calvitie dont il disait lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me sans tristesse: ''cr&amp;amp;acirc;ne &amp;amp;agrave; trente ans, genou &amp;amp;agrave; quarante''. Il dig&amp;amp;eacute;rait m&amp;amp;eacute;diocrement, et il lui &amp;amp;eacute;tait venu un&lt;br /&gt;
larmoiement &amp;amp;agrave; un &amp;amp;oelig;il. Mais &amp;amp;agrave; mesure que sa jeunesse s'&amp;amp;eacute;teignait, il&lt;br /&gt;
allumait sa ga&amp;amp;icirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;; il rempla&amp;amp;ccedil;ait ses dents par des lazzis, ses cheveux&lt;br /&gt;
par la joie, sa sant&amp;amp;eacute; par l'ironie, et son &amp;amp;oelig;il qui pleurait riait sans&lt;br /&gt;
cesse. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait d&amp;amp;eacute;labr&amp;amp;eacute;, mais tout en fleurs. Sa jeunesse, pliant bagage&lt;br /&gt;
bien avant l'&amp;amp;acirc;ge, battait en retraite en bon ordre, &amp;amp;eacute;clatait de rire, et&lt;br /&gt;
l'on n'y voyait que du feu. Il avait eu une pi&amp;amp;egrave;ce refus&amp;amp;eacute;e au Vaudeville.&lt;br /&gt;
Il faisait &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; des vers quelconques. En outre, il doutait&lt;br /&gt;
sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieurement de toute chose, grande force aux yeux des faibles. Donc,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tant ironique et chauve, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait le chef. ''Iron'' est un mot anglais&lt;br /&gt;
qui veut dire fer. Serait-ce de l&amp;amp;agrave; que viendrait ironie?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un jour Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s prit &amp;amp;agrave; part les trois autres, f&amp;amp;icirc;t un geste d'oracle,&lt;br /&gt;
et leur dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il y a bient&amp;amp;ocirc;t un an que Fantine, Dahlia, Z&amp;amp;eacute;phine et Favourite nous&lt;br /&gt;
demandent de leur faire une surprise. Nous la leur avons promise&lt;br /&gt;
solennellement. Elles nous en parlent toujours, &amp;amp;agrave; moi surtout. De m&amp;amp;ecirc;me&lt;br /&gt;
qu'&amp;amp;agrave; Naples les vieilles femmes crient &amp;amp;agrave; saint Janvier: ''Faccia gialluta, fa o miracolo''. Face jaune, fais ton miracle! nos belles me&lt;br /&gt;
disent sans cesse: &amp;amp;laquo;Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s, quand accoucheras-tu de ta surprise?&amp;amp;raquo; En&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;ecirc;me temps nos parents nous &amp;amp;eacute;crivent. Scie des deux c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;s. Le moment me&lt;br /&gt;
semble venu. Causons.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sur ce, Tholomy&amp;amp;egrave;s baissa la voix, et articula myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieusement quelque&lt;br /&gt;
chose de si gai qu'un vaste et enthousiaste ricanement sortit des quatre&lt;br /&gt;
bouches &amp;amp;agrave; la fois et que Blachevelle s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Ccedil;a, c'est une id&amp;amp;eacute;e!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un estaminet plein de fum&amp;amp;eacute;e se pr&amp;amp;eacute;senta, ils y entr&amp;amp;egrave;rent, et le reste de&lt;br /&gt;
leur conf&amp;amp;eacute;rence se perdit dans l'ombre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le r&amp;amp;eacute;sultat de ces t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres fut une &amp;amp;eacute;blouissante partie de plaisir qui&lt;br /&gt;
eut lieu le dimanche suivant, les quatre jeunes gens invitant les quatre&lt;br /&gt;
jeunes filles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
These Parisians came, one from Toulouse, another from Limoges, the third&lt;br /&gt;
from Cahors, and the fourth from Montauban; but they were students; and&lt;br /&gt;
when one says student, one says Parisian: to study in Paris is to be born&lt;br /&gt;
in Paris.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These young men were insignificant; every one has seen such faces; four&lt;br /&gt;
specimens of humanity taken at random; neither good nor bad, neither wise&lt;br /&gt;
nor ignorant, neither geniuses nor fools; handsome, with that charming&lt;br /&gt;
April which is called twenty years. They were four Oscars; for, at that&lt;br /&gt;
epoch, Arthurs did not yet exist. Burn for him the perfumes of Araby!&lt;br /&gt;
exclaimed romance. Oscar advances. Oscar, I shall behold him! People had&lt;br /&gt;
just emerged from Ossian; elegance was Scandinavian and Caledonian; the&lt;br /&gt;
pure English style was only to prevail later, and the first of the&lt;br /&gt;
Arthurs, Wellington, had but just won the battle of Waterloo.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These Oscars bore the names, one of Felix Tholomyes, of Toulouse; the&lt;br /&gt;
second, Listolier, of Cahors; the next, Fameuil, of Limoges; the last,&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, of Montauban. Naturally, each of them had his mistress.&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle loved Favourite, so named because she had been in England;&lt;br /&gt;
Listolier adored Dahlia, who had taken for her nickname the name of a&lt;br /&gt;
flower; Fameuil idolized Zephine, an abridgment of Josephine; Tholomyes&lt;br /&gt;
had Fantine, called the Blonde, because of her beautiful, sunny hair.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite, Dahlia, Zephine, and Fantine were four ravishing young women,&lt;br /&gt;
perfumed and radiant, still a little like working-women, and not yet&lt;br /&gt;
entirely divorced from their needles; somewhat disturbed by intrigues, but&lt;br /&gt;
still retaining on their faces something of the serenity of toil, and in&lt;br /&gt;
their souls that flower of honesty which survives the first fall in woman.&lt;br /&gt;
One of the four was called the young, because she was the youngest of&lt;br /&gt;
them, and one was called the old; the old one was twenty-three. Not to&lt;br /&gt;
conceal anything, the three first were more experienced, more heedless,&lt;br /&gt;
and more emancipated into the tumult of life than Fantine the Blonde, who&lt;br /&gt;
was still in her first illusions.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dahlia, Zephine, and especially Favourite, could not have said as much.&lt;br /&gt;
There had already been more than one episode in their romance, though&lt;br /&gt;
hardly begun; and the lover who had borne the name of Adolph in the first&lt;br /&gt;
chapter had turned out to be Alphonse in the second, and Gustave in the&lt;br /&gt;
third. Poverty and coquetry are two fatal counsellors; one scolds and the&lt;br /&gt;
other flatters, and the beautiful daughters of the people have both of&lt;br /&gt;
them whispering in their ear, each on its own side. These badly guarded&lt;br /&gt;
souls listen. Hence the falls which they accomplish, and the stones which&lt;br /&gt;
are thrown at them. They are overwhelmed with splendor of all that is&lt;br /&gt;
immaculate and inaccessible. Alas! what if the Jungfrau were hungry?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite having been in England, was admired by Dahlia and Zephine. She&lt;br /&gt;
had had an establishment of her own very early in life. Her father was an&lt;br /&gt;
old unmarried professor of mathematics, a brutal man and a braggart, who&lt;br /&gt;
went out to give lessons in spite of his age. This professor, when he was&lt;br /&gt;
a young man, had one day seen a chambermaid's gown catch on a fender; he&lt;br /&gt;
had fallen in love in consequence of this accident. The result had been&lt;br /&gt;
Favourite. She met her father from time to time, and he bowed to her. One&lt;br /&gt;
morning an old woman with the air of a devotee, had entered her&lt;br /&gt;
apartments, and had said to her, &amp;quot;You do not know me, Mamemoiselle?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;No.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I am your mother.&amp;quot; Then the old woman opened the sideboard, and ate and&lt;br /&gt;
drank, had a mattress which she owned brought in, and installed herself.&lt;br /&gt;
This cross and pious old mother never spoke to Favourite, remained hours&lt;br /&gt;
without uttering a word, breakfasted, dined, and supped for four, and went&lt;br /&gt;
down to the porter's quarters for company, where she spoke ill of her&lt;br /&gt;
daughter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It was having rosy nails that were too pretty which had drawn Dahlia to&lt;br /&gt;
Listolier, to others perhaps, to idleness. How could she make such nails&lt;br /&gt;
work? She who wishes to remain virtuous must not have pity on her hands.&lt;br /&gt;
As for Zephine, she had conquered Fameuil by her roguish and caressing&lt;br /&gt;
little way of saying &amp;quot;Yes, sir.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The young men were comrades; the young girls were friends. Such loves are&lt;br /&gt;
always accompanied by such friendships.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goodness and philosophy are two distinct things; the proof of this is&lt;br /&gt;
that, after making all due allowances for these little irregular&lt;br /&gt;
households, Favourite, Zephine, and Dahlia were philosophical young women,&lt;br /&gt;
while Fantine was a good girl.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Good! some one will exclaim; and Tholomyes? Solomon would reply that love&lt;br /&gt;
forms a part of wisdom. We will confine ourselves to saying that the love&lt;br /&gt;
of Fantine was a first love, a sole love, a faithful love.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She alone, of all the four, was not called &amp;quot;thou&amp;quot; by a single one of them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine was one of those beings who blossom, so to speak, from the dregs&lt;br /&gt;
of the people. Though she had emerged from the most unfathomable depths of&lt;br /&gt;
social shadow, she bore on her brow the sign of the anonymous and the&lt;br /&gt;
unknown. She was born at M. sur M. Of what parents? Who can say? She had&lt;br /&gt;
never known father or mother. She was called Fantine. Why Fantine? She had&lt;br /&gt;
never borne any other name. At the epoch of her birth the Directory still&lt;br /&gt;
existed. She had no family name; she had no family; no baptismal name; the&lt;br /&gt;
Church no longer existed. She bore the name which pleased the first random&lt;br /&gt;
passer-by, who had encountered her, when a very small child, running&lt;br /&gt;
bare-legged in the street. She received the name as she received the water&lt;br /&gt;
from the clouds upon her brow when it rained. She was called little&lt;br /&gt;
Fantine. No one knew more than that. This human creature had entered life&lt;br /&gt;
in just this way. At the age of ten, Fantine quitted the town and went to&lt;br /&gt;
service with some farmers in the neighborhood. At fifteen she came to&lt;br /&gt;
Paris &amp;quot;to seek her fortune.&amp;quot; Fantine was beautiful, and remained pure as&lt;br /&gt;
long as she could. She was a lovely blonde, with fine teeth. She had gold&lt;br /&gt;
and pearls for her dowry; but her gold was on her head, and her pearls&lt;br /&gt;
were in her mouth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She worked for her living; then, still for the sake of her living,&amp;amp;mdash;for&lt;br /&gt;
the heart, also, has its hunger,&amp;amp;mdash;she loved.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
She loved Tholomyes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An amour for him; passion for her. The streets of the Latin quarter,&lt;br /&gt;
filled with throngs of students and grisettes, saw the beginning of their&lt;br /&gt;
dream. Fantine had long evaded Tholomyes in the mazes of the hill of the&lt;br /&gt;
Pantheon, where so many adventurers twine and untwine, but in such a way&lt;br /&gt;
as constantly to encounter him again. There is a way of avoiding which&lt;br /&gt;
resembles seeking. In short, the eclogue took place.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Blachevelle, Listolier, and Fameuil formed a sort of group of which&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomyes was the head. It was he who possessed the wit.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tholomyes was the antique old student; he was rich; he had an income of&lt;br /&gt;
four thousand francs; four thousand francs! a splendid scandal on Mount&lt;br /&gt;
Sainte-Genevieve. Tholomyes was a fast man of thirty, and badly preserved.&lt;br /&gt;
He was wrinkled and toothless, and he had the beginning of a bald spot, of&lt;br /&gt;
which he himself said with sadness, the skull at thirty, the knee at&lt;br /&gt;
forty. His digestion was mediocre, and he had been attacked by a watering&lt;br /&gt;
in one eye. But in proportion as his youth disappeared, gayety was&lt;br /&gt;
kindled; he replaced his teeth with buffooneries, his hair with mirth, his&lt;br /&gt;
health with irony, his weeping eye laughed incessantly. He was dilapidated&lt;br /&gt;
but still in flower. His youth, which was packing up for departure long&lt;br /&gt;
before its time, beat a retreat in good order, bursting with laughter, and&lt;br /&gt;
no one saw anything but fire. He had had a piece rejected at the&lt;br /&gt;
Vaudeville. He made a few verses now and then. In addition to this he&lt;br /&gt;
doubted everything to the last degree, which is a vast force in the eyes&lt;br /&gt;
of the weak. Being thus ironical and bald, he was the leader. Iron is an&lt;br /&gt;
English word. Is it possible that irony is derived from it?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One day Tholomyes took the three others aside, with the gesture of an&lt;br /&gt;
oracle, and said to them:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Fantine, Dahlia, Zephine, and Favourite have been teasing us for nearly a&lt;br /&gt;
year to give them a surprise. We have promised them solemnly that we&lt;br /&gt;
would. They are forever talking about it to us, to me in particular, just&lt;br /&gt;
as the old women in Naples cry to Saint Januarius, 'Faccia gialluta, fa o&lt;br /&gt;
miracolo, Yellow face, perform thy miracle,' so our beauties say to me&lt;br /&gt;
incessantly, 'Tholomyes, when will you bring forth your surprise?' At the&lt;br /&gt;
same time our parents keep writing to us. Pressure on both sides. The&lt;br /&gt;
moment has arrived, it seems to me; let us discuss the question.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Thereupon, Tholomyes lowered his voice and articulated something so&lt;br /&gt;
mirthful, that a vast and enthusiastic grin broke out upon the four mouths&lt;br /&gt;
simultaneously, and Blachevelle exclaimed, &amp;quot;That is an idea.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A smoky tap-room presented itself; they entered, and the remainder of&lt;br /&gt;
their confidential colloquy was lost in shadow.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The result of these shades was a dazzling pleasure party which took place&lt;br /&gt;
on the following Sunday, the four young men inviting the four young girls.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_7&amp;diff=131</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 7</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_7&amp;diff=131"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:33:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Undo revision 130 by Marianne (talk)&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 7: Cravatte&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un juste, Chapitre 7: Cravatte)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ici se place naturellement un fait que nous ne devons pas omettre, car&lt;br /&gt;
il est de ceux qui font le mieux voir quel homme c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait que M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que&lt;br /&gt;
de Digne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s la destruction de la bande de Gaspard B&amp;amp;egrave;s qui avait infest&amp;amp;eacute; les&lt;br /&gt;
gorges d'Ollioules, un de ses lieutenants, Cravatte, se r&amp;amp;eacute;fugia dans la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne. Il se cacha quelque temps avec ses bandits, reste de la troupe&lt;br /&gt;
de Gaspard B&amp;amp;egrave;s, dans le comt&amp;amp;eacute; de Nice, puis gagna le Pi&amp;amp;eacute;mont, et tout &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
coup reparut en France, du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de Barcelonnette. On le vit &amp;amp;agrave; Jauziers&lt;br /&gt;
d'abord, puis aux Tuiles. Il se cacha dans les cavernes du&lt;br /&gt;
Joug-de-l'Aigle, et de l&amp;amp;agrave; il descendait vers les hameaux et les villages&lt;br /&gt;
par les ravins de l'Ubaye et de l'Ubayette. Il osa m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pousser jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Embrun, p&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;tra une nuit dans la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale et d&amp;amp;eacute;valisa la sacristie.&lt;br /&gt;
Ses brigandages d&amp;amp;eacute;solaient le pays. On mit la gendarmerie &amp;amp;agrave; ses&lt;br /&gt;
trousses, mais en vain. Il &amp;amp;eacute;chappait toujours; quelquefois il r&amp;amp;eacute;sistait&lt;br /&gt;
de vive force. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un hardi mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable. Au milieu de toute cette&lt;br /&gt;
terreur, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que arriva. Il faisait sa tourn&amp;amp;eacute;e. Au Chastelar, le maire&lt;br /&gt;
vint le trouver et l'engagea &amp;amp;agrave; rebrousser chemin. Cravatte tenait la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; l'Arche, et au-del&amp;amp;agrave;. Il y avait danger, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me avec une&lt;br /&gt;
escorte. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait exposer inutilement trois ou quatre malheureux&lt;br /&gt;
gendarmes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Aussi, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, je compte aller sans escorte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Y pensez-vous, monseigneur? s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria le maire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'y pense tellement, que je refuse absolument les gendarmes et que je&lt;br /&gt;
vais partir dans une heure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Partir?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Partir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Seul?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Seul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur! vous ne ferez pas cela.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il y a l&amp;amp;agrave;, dans la montagne, reprit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, une humble petite&lt;br /&gt;
commune grande comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a, que je n'ai pas vue depuis trois ans. Ce sont&lt;br /&gt;
mes bons amis. De doux et honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tes bergers. Ils poss&amp;amp;egrave;dent une ch&amp;amp;egrave;vre sur&lt;br /&gt;
trente qu'ils gardent. Ils font de fort jolis cordons de laine de&lt;br /&gt;
diverses couleurs, et ils jouent des airs de montagne sur de petites&lt;br /&gt;
fl&amp;amp;ucirc;tes &amp;amp;agrave; six trous. Ils ont besoin qu'on leur parle de temps en temps du&lt;br /&gt;
bon Dieu. Que diraient-ils d'un &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que qui a peur? Que diraient-ils si&lt;br /&gt;
je n'y allais pas?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mais, monseigneur, les brigands! Si vous rencontrez les brigands!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, j'y songe. Vous avez raison. Je puis les&lt;br /&gt;
rencontrer. Eux aussi doivent avoir besoin qu'on leur parle du bon Dieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur! mais c'est une bande! c'est un troupeau de loups!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le maire, c'est peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pr&amp;amp;eacute;cis&amp;amp;eacute;ment de ce troupeau que&lt;br /&gt;
J&amp;amp;eacute;sus me fait le pasteur. Qui sait les voies de la Providence?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, ils vous d&amp;amp;eacute;valiseront.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je n'ai rien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ils vous tueront.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Un vieux bonhomme de pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qui passe en marmottant ses momeries? Bah!&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; quoi bon?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! mon Dieu! si vous alliez les rencontrer!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je leur demanderai l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;ne pour mes pauvres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, n'y allez pas, au nom du ciel! vous exposez votre vie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le maire, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, n'est-ce d&amp;amp;eacute;cid&amp;amp;eacute;ment que cela? Je ne&lt;br /&gt;
suis pas en ce monde pour garder ma vie, mais pour garder les &amp;amp;acirc;mes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il fallut le laisser faire. Il partit, accompagn&amp;amp;eacute; seulement d'un enfant&lt;br /&gt;
qui s'offrit &amp;amp;agrave; lui servir de guide. Son obstination fit bruit dans le&lt;br /&gt;
pays, et effraya tr&amp;amp;egrave;s fort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il ne voulut emmener ni sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur ni madame Magloire. Il traversa la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne &amp;amp;agrave; mulet, ne rencontra personne, et arriva sain et sauf chez ses&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;bons amis&amp;amp;raquo; les bergers. Il y resta quinze jours, pr&amp;amp;ecirc;chant,&lt;br /&gt;
administrant, enseignant, moralisant. Lorsqu'il fut proche de son&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;part, il r&amp;amp;eacute;solut de chanter pontificalement un ''Te Deum''. Il en parla&lt;br /&gt;
au cur&amp;amp;eacute;. Mais comment faire? pas d'ornements &amp;amp;eacute;piscopaux. On ne pouvait&lt;br /&gt;
mettre &amp;amp;agrave; sa disposition qu'une ch&amp;amp;eacute;tive sacristie de village avec&lt;br /&gt;
quelques vieilles chasubles de damas us&amp;amp;eacute; orn&amp;amp;eacute;es de galons faux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bah! dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que. Monsieur le cur&amp;amp;eacute;, annon&amp;amp;ccedil;ons toujours au pr&amp;amp;ocirc;ne notre&lt;br /&gt;
''Te Deum''. Cela s'arrangera.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On chercha dans les &amp;amp;eacute;glises d'alentour. Toutes les magnificences de ces&lt;br /&gt;
humbles paroisses r&amp;amp;eacute;unies n'auraient pas suffi &amp;amp;agrave; v&amp;amp;ecirc;tir convenablement un&lt;br /&gt;
chantre de cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale. Comme on &amp;amp;eacute;tait dans cet embarras, une grande&lt;br /&gt;
caisse fut apport&amp;amp;eacute;e et d&amp;amp;eacute;pos&amp;amp;eacute;e au presbyt&amp;amp;egrave;re pour M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que par deux&lt;br /&gt;
cavaliers inconnus qui repartirent sur-le-champ. On ouvrit la caisse;&lt;br /&gt;
elle contenait une chape de drap d'or, une mitre orn&amp;amp;eacute;e de diamants, une&lt;br /&gt;
croix archi&amp;amp;eacute;piscopale, une crosse magnifique, tous les v&amp;amp;ecirc;tements&lt;br /&gt;
pontificaux vol&amp;amp;eacute;s un mois auparavant au tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor de Notre-Dame d'Embrun.&lt;br /&gt;
Dans la caisse, il y avait un papier sur lequel &amp;amp;eacute;taient &amp;amp;eacute;crits ces mots:&lt;br /&gt;
''Cravatte &amp;amp;agrave; monseigneur Bienvenu''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quand je disais que cela s'arrangerait! dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis il ajouta en souriant:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; qui se contente d'un surplis de cur&amp;amp;eacute;, Dieu envoie une chape&lt;br /&gt;
d'archev&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, murmura le cur&amp;amp;eacute; en hochant la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te avec un sourire, Dieu,&lt;br /&gt;
ou le diable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que regarda fixement le cur&amp;amp;eacute; et reprit avec autorit&amp;amp;eacute;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dieu!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quand il revint au Chastelar, et tout le long de la route, on venait le&lt;br /&gt;
regarder par curiosit&amp;amp;eacute;. Il retrouva au presbyt&amp;amp;egrave;re du Chastelar&lt;br /&gt;
mademoiselle Baptistine et madame Magloire qui l'attendaient, et il dit&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien, avais-je raison? Le pauvre pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre est all&amp;amp;eacute; chez ces pauvres&lt;br /&gt;
montagnards les mains vides, il en revient les mains pleines. J'&amp;amp;eacute;tais&lt;br /&gt;
parti n'emportant que ma confiance en Dieu; je rapporte le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor d'une&lt;br /&gt;
cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le soir, avant de se coucher, il dit encore:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ne craignons jamais les voleurs ni les meurtriers. Ce sont l&amp;amp;agrave; les&lt;br /&gt;
dangers du dehors, les petits dangers. Craignons-nous nous-m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes. Les&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;jug&amp;amp;eacute;s, voil&amp;amp;agrave; les voleurs; les vices, voil&amp;amp;agrave; les meurtriers. Les grands&lt;br /&gt;
dangers sont au dedans de nous. Qu'importe ce qui menace notre t&amp;amp;ecirc;te ou&lt;br /&gt;
notre bourse! Ne songeons qu'&amp;amp;agrave; ce qui menace notre &amp;amp;acirc;me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis se tournant vers sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ma s&amp;amp;oelig;ur, de la part du pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre jamais de pr&amp;amp;eacute;caution contre le&lt;br /&gt;
prochain. Ce que le prochain fait, Dieu le permet. Bornons-nous &amp;amp;agrave; prier&lt;br /&gt;
Dieu quand nous croyons qu'un danger arrive sur nous. Prions-le, non&lt;br /&gt;
pour nous, mais pour que notre fr&amp;amp;egrave;re ne tombe pas en faute &amp;amp;agrave; notre&lt;br /&gt;
occasion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Du reste, les &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;nements &amp;amp;eacute;taient rares dans son existence. Nous&lt;br /&gt;
racontons ceux que nous savons; mais d'ordinaire il passait sa vie &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
faire toujours les m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes choses aux m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes moments. Un mois de son ann&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
ressemblait &amp;amp;agrave; une heure de sa journ&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; ce que devint &amp;amp;laquo;le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor&amp;amp;raquo; de la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale d'Embrun, on nous&lt;br /&gt;
embarrasserait de nous interroger l&amp;amp;agrave;-dessus. C'&amp;amp;eacute;taient l&amp;amp;agrave; de bien belles&lt;br /&gt;
choses, et bien tentantes, et bien bonnes &amp;amp;agrave; voler au profit des&lt;br /&gt;
malheureux. Vol&amp;amp;eacute;es, elles l'&amp;amp;eacute;taient d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; d'ailleurs. La moiti&amp;amp;eacute; de&lt;br /&gt;
l'aventure &amp;amp;eacute;tait accomplie; il ne restait plus qu'&amp;amp;agrave; changer la direction&lt;br /&gt;
du vol, et qu'&amp;amp;agrave; lui faire faire un petit bout de chemin du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; des&lt;br /&gt;
pauvres. Nous n'affirmons rien du reste &amp;amp;agrave; ce sujet. Seulement on a&lt;br /&gt;
trouv&amp;amp;eacute; dans les papiers de l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que une note assez obscure qui se&lt;br /&gt;
rapporte peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre &amp;amp;agrave; cette affaire, et qui est ainsi con&amp;amp;ccedil;ue: ''La&lt;br /&gt;
question est de savoir si cela doit faire retour &amp;amp;agrave; la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale ou &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is here that a fact falls naturally into place, which we must not omit, because it is one of the sort which show us best what sort of a man the Bishop of D&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;mdash; was.&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
After the destruction of the band of Gaspard Bes, who had infested the&lt;br /&gt;
gorges of Ollioules, one of his lieutenants, Cravatte, took refuge in the&lt;br /&gt;
mountains. He concealed himself for some time with his bandits, the&lt;br /&gt;
remnant of Gaspard Bes's troop, in the county of Nice; then he made his&lt;br /&gt;
way to Piedmont, and suddenly reappeared in France, in the vicinity of&lt;br /&gt;
Barcelonette. He was first seen at Jauziers, then at Tuiles. He hid&lt;br /&gt;
himself in the caverns of the Joug-de-l'Aigle, and thence he descended&lt;br /&gt;
towards the hamlets and villages through the ravines of Ubaye and&lt;br /&gt;
Ubayette.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He even pushed as far as Embrun, entered the cathedral one night, and&lt;br /&gt;
despoiled the sacristy. His highway robberies laid waste the country-side.&lt;br /&gt;
The gendarmes were set on his track, but in vain. He always escaped;&lt;br /&gt;
sometimes he resisted by main force. He was a bold wretch. In the midst of&lt;br /&gt;
all this terror the Bishop arrived. He was making his circuit to&lt;br /&gt;
Chastelar. The mayor came to meet him, and urged him to retrace his steps.&lt;br /&gt;
Cravatte was in possession of the mountains as far as Arche, and beyond;&lt;br /&gt;
there was danger even with an escort; it merely exposed three or four&lt;br /&gt;
unfortunate gendarmes to no purpose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Therefore,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;I intend to go without escort.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You do not really mean that, Monseigneur!&amp;quot; exclaimed the mayor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I do mean it so thoroughly that I absolutely refuse any gendarmes, and&lt;br /&gt;
shall set out in an hour.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Set out?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Set out.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Alone?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Alone.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monseigneur, you will not do that!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There exists yonder in the mountains,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;a tiny community&lt;br /&gt;
no bigger than that, which I have not seen for three years. They are my&lt;br /&gt;
good friends, those gentle and honest shepherds. They own one goat out of&lt;br /&gt;
every thirty that they tend. They make very pretty woollen cords of&lt;br /&gt;
various colors, and they play the mountain airs on little flutes with six&lt;br /&gt;
holes. They need to be told of the good God now and then. What would they&lt;br /&gt;
say to a bishop who was afraid? What would they say if I did not go?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;But the brigands, Monseigneur?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;I must think of that. You are right. I may meet&lt;br /&gt;
them. They, too, need to be told of the good God.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;But, Monseigneur, there is a band of them! A flock of wolves!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur le maire, it may be that it is of this very flock of wolves that&lt;br /&gt;
Jesus has constituted me the shepherd. Who knows the ways of Providence?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They will rob you, Monseigneur.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I have nothing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They will kill you.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;An old goodman of a priest, who passes along mumbling his prayers? Bah!&lt;br /&gt;
To what purpose?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh, mon Dieu! what if you should meet them!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I should beg alms of them for my poor.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Do not go, Monseigneur. In the name of Heaven! You are risking your&lt;br /&gt;
life!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur le maire,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;is that really all? I am not in the&lt;br /&gt;
world to guard my own life, but to guard souls.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They had to allow him to do as he pleased. He set out, accompanied only by&lt;br /&gt;
a child who offered to serve as a guide. His obstinacy was bruited about&lt;br /&gt;
the country-side, and caused great consternation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He would take neither his sister nor Madame Magloire. He traversed the&lt;br /&gt;
mountain on mule-back, encountered no one, and arrived safe and sound at&lt;br /&gt;
the residence of his &amp;quot;good friends,&amp;quot; the shepherds. He remained there for&lt;br /&gt;
a fortnight, preaching, administering the sacrament, teaching, exhorting.&lt;br /&gt;
When the time of his departure approached, he resolved to chant a Te Deum&lt;br /&gt;
pontifically. He mentioned it to the cure. But what was to be done? There&lt;br /&gt;
were no episcopal ornaments. They could only place at his disposal a&lt;br /&gt;
wretched village sacristy, with a few ancient chasubles of threadbare&lt;br /&gt;
damask adorned with imitation lace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Bah!&amp;quot; said the Bishop. &amp;quot;Let us announce our Te Deum from the pulpit,&lt;br /&gt;
nevertheless, Monsieur le Curé. Things will arrange themselves.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They instituted a search in the churches of the neighborhood. All the&lt;br /&gt;
magnificence of these humble parishes combined would not have sufficed to&lt;br /&gt;
clothe the chorister of a cathedral properly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While they were thus embarrassed, a large chest was brought and deposited&lt;br /&gt;
in the presbytery for the Bishop, by two unknown horsemen, who departed on&lt;br /&gt;
the instant. The chest was opened; it contained a cope of cloth of gold, a&lt;br /&gt;
mitre ornamented with diamonds, an archbishop's cross, a magnificent&lt;br /&gt;
crosier,&amp;amp;mdash;all the pontifical vestments which had been stolen a month&lt;br /&gt;
previously from the treasury of Notre Dame d'Embrun. In the chest was a&lt;br /&gt;
paper, on which these words were written, &amp;quot;From Cravatte to Monseigneur&lt;br /&gt;
Bienvenu.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Did not I say that things would come right of themselves?&amp;quot; said the&lt;br /&gt;
Bishop. Then he added, with a smile, &amp;quot;To him who contents himself with the&lt;br /&gt;
surplice of a curate, God sends the cope of an archbishop.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monseigneur,&amp;quot; murmured the cure, throwing back his head with a smile.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;God&amp;amp;mdash;or the Devil.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop looked steadily at the cure, and repeated with authority,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;God!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When he returned to Chastelar, the people came out to stare at him as at a&lt;br /&gt;
curiosity, all along the road. At the priest's house in Chastelar he&lt;br /&gt;
rejoined Mademoiselle Baptistine and Madame Magloire, who were waiting for&lt;br /&gt;
him, and he said to his sister: &amp;quot;Well! was I in the right? The poor priest&lt;br /&gt;
went to his poor mountaineers with empty hands, and he returns from them&lt;br /&gt;
with his hands full. I set out bearing only my faith in God; I have&lt;br /&gt;
brought back the treasure of a cathedral.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That evening, before he went to bed, he said again: &amp;quot;Let us never fear&lt;br /&gt;
robbers nor murderers. Those are dangers from without, petty dangers. Let&lt;br /&gt;
us fear ourselves. Prejudices are the real robbers; vices are the real&lt;br /&gt;
murderers. The great dangers lie within ourselves. What matters it what&lt;br /&gt;
threatens our head or our purse! Let us think only of that which threatens&lt;br /&gt;
our soul.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then, turning to his sister: &amp;quot;Sister, never a precaution on the part of&lt;br /&gt;
the priest, against his fellow-man. That which his fellow does, God&lt;br /&gt;
permits. Let us confine ourselves to prayer, when we think that a danger&lt;br /&gt;
is approaching us. Let us pray, not for ourselves, but that our brother&lt;br /&gt;
may not fall into sin on our account.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, such incidents were rare in his life. We relate those of which we&lt;br /&gt;
know; but generally he passed his life in doing the same things at the&lt;br /&gt;
same moment. One month of his year resembled one hour of his day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As to what became of &amp;quot;the treasure&amp;quot; of the cathedral of Embrun, we should&lt;br /&gt;
be embarrassed by any inquiry in that direction. It consisted of very&lt;br /&gt;
handsome things, very tempting things, and things which were very well&lt;br /&gt;
adapted to be stolen for the benefit of the unfortunate. Stolen they had&lt;br /&gt;
already been elsewhere. Half of the adventure was completed; it only&lt;br /&gt;
remained to impart a new direction to the theft, and to cause it to take a&lt;br /&gt;
short trip in the direction of the poor. However, we make no assertions on&lt;br /&gt;
this point. Only, a rather obscure note was found among the Bishop's&lt;br /&gt;
papers, which may bear some relation to this matter, and which is couched&lt;br /&gt;
in these terms, &amp;quot;The question is, to decide whether this should be turned&lt;br /&gt;
over to the cathedral or to the hospital.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_7&amp;diff=130</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 7</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_7&amp;diff=130"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:31:22Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Reverted edits by Marianne (talk) to last revision by Historymaker&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: FANTINE, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 7: Cravatte&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un juste, Chapitre 7: Cravatte)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ici se place naturellement un fait que nous ne devons pas omettre, car&lt;br /&gt;
il est de ceux qui font le mieux voir quel homme c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait que M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que&lt;br /&gt;
de Digne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s la destruction de la bande de Gaspard B&amp;amp;egrave;s qui avait infest&amp;amp;eacute; les&lt;br /&gt;
gorges d'Ollioules, un de ses lieutenants, Cravatte, se r&amp;amp;eacute;fugia dans la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne. Il se cacha quelque temps avec ses bandits, reste de la troupe&lt;br /&gt;
de Gaspard B&amp;amp;egrave;s, dans le comt&amp;amp;eacute; de Nice, puis gagna le Pi&amp;amp;eacute;mont, et tout &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
coup reparut en France, du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de Barcelonnette. On le vit &amp;amp;agrave; Jauziers&lt;br /&gt;
d'abord, puis aux Tuiles. Il se cacha dans les cavernes du&lt;br /&gt;
Joug-de-l'Aigle, et de l&amp;amp;agrave; il descendait vers les hameaux et les villages&lt;br /&gt;
par les ravins de l'Ubaye et de l'Ubayette. Il osa m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pousser jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Embrun, p&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;tra une nuit dans la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale et d&amp;amp;eacute;valisa la sacristie.&lt;br /&gt;
Ses brigandages d&amp;amp;eacute;solaient le pays. On mit la gendarmerie &amp;amp;agrave; ses&lt;br /&gt;
trousses, mais en vain. Il &amp;amp;eacute;chappait toujours; quelquefois il r&amp;amp;eacute;sistait&lt;br /&gt;
de vive force. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un hardi mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable. Au milieu de toute cette&lt;br /&gt;
terreur, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que arriva. Il faisait sa tourn&amp;amp;eacute;e. Au Chastelar, le maire&lt;br /&gt;
vint le trouver et l'engagea &amp;amp;agrave; rebrousser chemin. Cravatte tenait la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; l'Arche, et au-del&amp;amp;agrave;. Il y avait danger, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me avec une&lt;br /&gt;
escorte. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait exposer inutilement trois ou quatre malheureux&lt;br /&gt;
gendarmes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Aussi, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, je compte aller sans escorte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Y pensez-vous, monseigneur? s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria le maire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'y pense tellement, que je refuse absolument les gendarmes et que je&lt;br /&gt;
vais partir dans une heure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Partir?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Partir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Seul?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Seul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur! vous ne ferez pas cela.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il y a l&amp;amp;agrave;, dans la montagne, reprit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, une humble petite&lt;br /&gt;
commune grande comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a, que je n'ai pas vue depuis trois ans. Ce sont&lt;br /&gt;
mes bons amis. De doux et honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tes bergers. Ils poss&amp;amp;egrave;dent une ch&amp;amp;egrave;vre sur&lt;br /&gt;
trente qu'ils gardent. Ils font de fort jolis cordons de laine de&lt;br /&gt;
diverses couleurs, et ils jouent des airs de montagne sur de petites&lt;br /&gt;
fl&amp;amp;ucirc;tes &amp;amp;agrave; six trous. Ils ont besoin qu'on leur parle de temps en temps du&lt;br /&gt;
bon Dieu. Que diraient-ils d'un &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que qui a peur? Que diraient-ils si&lt;br /&gt;
je n'y allais pas?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mais, monseigneur, les brigands! Si vous rencontrez les brigands!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, j'y songe. Vous avez raison. Je puis les&lt;br /&gt;
rencontrer. Eux aussi doivent avoir besoin qu'on leur parle du bon Dieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur! mais c'est une bande! c'est un troupeau de loups!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le maire, c'est peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pr&amp;amp;eacute;cis&amp;amp;eacute;ment de ce troupeau que&lt;br /&gt;
J&amp;amp;eacute;sus me fait le pasteur. Qui sait les voies de la Providence?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, ils vous d&amp;amp;eacute;valiseront.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je n'ai rien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ils vous tueront.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Un vieux bonhomme de pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qui passe en marmottant ses momeries? Bah!&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; quoi bon?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! mon Dieu! si vous alliez les rencontrer!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je leur demanderai l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;ne pour mes pauvres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, n'y allez pas, au nom du ciel! vous exposez votre vie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le maire, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, n'est-ce d&amp;amp;eacute;cid&amp;amp;eacute;ment que cela? Je ne&lt;br /&gt;
suis pas en ce monde pour garder ma vie, mais pour garder les &amp;amp;acirc;mes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il fallut le laisser faire. Il partit, accompagn&amp;amp;eacute; seulement d'un enfant&lt;br /&gt;
qui s'offrit &amp;amp;agrave; lui servir de guide. Son obstination fit bruit dans le&lt;br /&gt;
pays, et effraya tr&amp;amp;egrave;s fort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il ne voulut emmener ni sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur ni madame Magloire. Il traversa la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne &amp;amp;agrave; mulet, ne rencontra personne, et arriva sain et sauf chez ses&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;bons amis&amp;amp;raquo; les bergers. Il y resta quinze jours, pr&amp;amp;ecirc;chant,&lt;br /&gt;
administrant, enseignant, moralisant. Lorsqu'il fut proche de son&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;part, il r&amp;amp;eacute;solut de chanter pontificalement un ''Te Deum''. Il en parla&lt;br /&gt;
au cur&amp;amp;eacute;. Mais comment faire? pas d'ornements &amp;amp;eacute;piscopaux. On ne pouvait&lt;br /&gt;
mettre &amp;amp;agrave; sa disposition qu'une ch&amp;amp;eacute;tive sacristie de village avec&lt;br /&gt;
quelques vieilles chasubles de damas us&amp;amp;eacute; orn&amp;amp;eacute;es de galons faux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bah! dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que. Monsieur le cur&amp;amp;eacute;, annon&amp;amp;ccedil;ons toujours au pr&amp;amp;ocirc;ne notre&lt;br /&gt;
''Te Deum''. Cela s'arrangera.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On chercha dans les &amp;amp;eacute;glises d'alentour. Toutes les magnificences de ces&lt;br /&gt;
humbles paroisses r&amp;amp;eacute;unies n'auraient pas suffi &amp;amp;agrave; v&amp;amp;ecirc;tir convenablement un&lt;br /&gt;
chantre de cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale. Comme on &amp;amp;eacute;tait dans cet embarras, une grande&lt;br /&gt;
caisse fut apport&amp;amp;eacute;e et d&amp;amp;eacute;pos&amp;amp;eacute;e au presbyt&amp;amp;egrave;re pour M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que par deux&lt;br /&gt;
cavaliers inconnus qui repartirent sur-le-champ. On ouvrit la caisse;&lt;br /&gt;
elle contenait une chape de drap d'or, une mitre orn&amp;amp;eacute;e de diamants, une&lt;br /&gt;
croix archi&amp;amp;eacute;piscopale, une crosse magnifique, tous les v&amp;amp;ecirc;tements&lt;br /&gt;
pontificaux vol&amp;amp;eacute;s un mois auparavant au tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor de Notre-Dame d'Embrun.&lt;br /&gt;
Dans la caisse, il y avait un papier sur lequel &amp;amp;eacute;taient &amp;amp;eacute;crits ces mots:&lt;br /&gt;
''Cravatte &amp;amp;agrave; monseigneur Bienvenu''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quand je disais que cela s'arrangerait! dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Puis il ajouta en souriant:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; qui se contente d'un surplis de cur&amp;amp;eacute;, Dieu envoie une chape&lt;br /&gt;
d'archev&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, murmura le cur&amp;amp;eacute; en hochant la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te avec un sourire, Dieu,&lt;br /&gt;
ou le diable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que regarda fixement le cur&amp;amp;eacute; et reprit avec autorit&amp;amp;eacute;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dieu!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quand il revint au Chastelar, et tout le long de la route, on venait le&lt;br /&gt;
regarder par curiosit&amp;amp;eacute;. Il retrouva au presbyt&amp;amp;egrave;re du Chastelar&lt;br /&gt;
mademoiselle Baptistine et madame Magloire qui l'attendaient, et il dit&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien, avais-je raison? Le pauvre pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre est all&amp;amp;eacute; chez ces pauvres&lt;br /&gt;
montagnards les mains vides, il en revient les mains pleines. J'&amp;amp;eacute;tais&lt;br /&gt;
parti n'emportant que ma confiance en Dieu; je rapporte le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor d'une&lt;br /&gt;
cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Le soir, avant de se coucher, il dit encore:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ne craignons jamais les voleurs ni les meurtriers. Ce sont l&amp;amp;agrave; les&lt;br /&gt;
dangers du dehors, les petits dangers. Craignons-nous nous-m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes. Les&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;jug&amp;amp;eacute;s, voil&amp;amp;agrave; les voleurs; les vices, voil&amp;amp;agrave; les meurtriers. Les grands&lt;br /&gt;
dangers sont au dedans de nous. Qu'importe ce qui menace notre t&amp;amp;ecirc;te ou&lt;br /&gt;
notre bourse! Ne songeons qu'&amp;amp;agrave; ce qui menace notre &amp;amp;acirc;me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Puis se tournant vers sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ma s&amp;amp;oelig;ur, de la part du pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre jamais de pr&amp;amp;eacute;caution contre le&lt;br /&gt;
prochain. Ce que le prochain fait, Dieu le permet. Bornons-nous &amp;amp;agrave; prier&lt;br /&gt;
Dieu quand nous croyons qu'un danger arrive sur nous. Prions-le, non&lt;br /&gt;
pour nous, mais pour que notre fr&amp;amp;egrave;re ne tombe pas en faute &amp;amp;agrave; notre&lt;br /&gt;
occasion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Du reste, les &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;nements &amp;amp;eacute;taient rares dans son existence. Nous&lt;br /&gt;
racontons ceux que nous savons; mais d'ordinaire il passait sa vie &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
faire toujours les m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes choses aux m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes moments. Un mois de son ann&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
ressemblait &amp;amp;agrave; une heure de sa journ&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; ce que devint &amp;amp;laquo;le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor&amp;amp;raquo; de la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale d'Embrun, on nous&lt;br /&gt;
embarrasserait de nous interroger l&amp;amp;agrave;-dessus. C'&amp;amp;eacute;taient l&amp;amp;agrave; de bien belles&lt;br /&gt;
choses, et bien tentantes, et bien bonnes &amp;amp;agrave; voler au profit des&lt;br /&gt;
malheureux. Vol&amp;amp;eacute;es, elles l'&amp;amp;eacute;taient d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; d'ailleurs. La moiti&amp;amp;eacute; de&lt;br /&gt;
l'aventure &amp;amp;eacute;tait accomplie; il ne restait plus qu'&amp;amp;agrave; changer la direction&lt;br /&gt;
du vol, et qu'&amp;amp;agrave; lui faire faire un petit bout de chemin du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; des&lt;br /&gt;
pauvres. Nous n'affirmons rien du reste &amp;amp;agrave; ce sujet. Seulement on a&lt;br /&gt;
trouv&amp;amp;eacute; dans les papiers de l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que une note assez obscure qui se&lt;br /&gt;
rapporte peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre &amp;amp;agrave; cette affaire, et qui est ainsi con&amp;amp;ccedil;ue: ''La&lt;br /&gt;
question est de savoir si cela doit faire retour &amp;amp;agrave; la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale ou &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is here that a fact falls naturally into place, which we must not omit, because it is one of the sort which show us best what sort of a man the Bishop of D&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;mdash; was.&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
After the destruction of the band of Gaspard Bes, who had infested the&lt;br /&gt;
gorges of Ollioules, one of his lieutenants, Cravatte, took refuge in the&lt;br /&gt;
mountains. He concealed himself for some time with his bandits, the&lt;br /&gt;
remnant of Gaspard Bes's troop, in the county of Nice; then he made his&lt;br /&gt;
way to Piedmont, and suddenly reappeared in France, in the vicinity of&lt;br /&gt;
Barcelonette. He was first seen at Jauziers, then at Tuiles. He hid&lt;br /&gt;
himself in the caverns of the Joug-de-l'Aigle, and thence he descended&lt;br /&gt;
towards the hamlets and villages through the ravines of Ubaye and&lt;br /&gt;
Ubayette.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He even pushed as far as Embrun, entered the cathedral one night, and&lt;br /&gt;
despoiled the sacristy. His highway robberies laid waste the country-side.&lt;br /&gt;
The gendarmes were set on his track, but in vain. He always escaped;&lt;br /&gt;
sometimes he resisted by main force. He was a bold wretch. In the midst of&lt;br /&gt;
all this terror the Bishop arrived. He was making his circuit to&lt;br /&gt;
Chastelar. The mayor came to meet him, and urged him to retrace his steps.&lt;br /&gt;
Cravatte was in possession of the mountains as far as Arche, and beyond;&lt;br /&gt;
there was danger even with an escort; it merely exposed three or four&lt;br /&gt;
unfortunate gendarmes to no purpose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Therefore,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;I intend to go without escort.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You do not really mean that, Monseigneur!&amp;quot; exclaimed the mayor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I do mean it so thoroughly that I absolutely refuse any gendarmes, and&lt;br /&gt;
shall set out in an hour.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Set out?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Set out.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Alone?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Alone.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monseigneur, you will not do that!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There exists yonder in the mountains,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;a tiny community&lt;br /&gt;
no bigger than that, which I have not seen for three years. They are my&lt;br /&gt;
good friends, those gentle and honest shepherds. They own one goat out of&lt;br /&gt;
every thirty that they tend. They make very pretty woollen cords of&lt;br /&gt;
various colors, and they play the mountain airs on little flutes with six&lt;br /&gt;
holes. They need to be told of the good God now and then. What would they&lt;br /&gt;
say to a bishop who was afraid? What would they say if I did not go?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;But the brigands, Monseigneur?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;I must think of that. You are right. I may meet&lt;br /&gt;
them. They, too, need to be told of the good God.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;But, Monseigneur, there is a band of them! A flock of wolves!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur le maire, it may be that it is of this very flock of wolves that&lt;br /&gt;
Jesus has constituted me the shepherd. Who knows the ways of Providence?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They will rob you, Monseigneur.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I have nothing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They will kill you.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;An old goodman of a priest, who passes along mumbling his prayers? Bah!&lt;br /&gt;
To what purpose?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh, mon Dieu! what if you should meet them!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I should beg alms of them for my poor.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Do not go, Monseigneur. In the name of Heaven! You are risking your&lt;br /&gt;
life!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur le maire,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;is that really all? I am not in the&lt;br /&gt;
world to guard my own life, but to guard souls.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
They had to allow him to do as he pleased. He set out, accompanied only by&lt;br /&gt;
a child who offered to serve as a guide. His obstinacy was bruited about&lt;br /&gt;
the country-side, and caused great consternation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He would take neither his sister nor Madame Magloire. He traversed the&lt;br /&gt;
mountain on mule-back, encountered no one, and arrived safe and sound at&lt;br /&gt;
the residence of his &amp;quot;good friends,&amp;quot; the shepherds. He remained there for&lt;br /&gt;
a fortnight, preaching, administering the sacrament, teaching, exhorting.&lt;br /&gt;
When the time of his departure approached, he resolved to chant a Te Deum&lt;br /&gt;
pontifically. He mentioned it to the cure. But what was to be done? There&lt;br /&gt;
were no episcopal ornaments. They could only place at his disposal a&lt;br /&gt;
wretched village sacristy, with a few ancient chasubles of threadbare&lt;br /&gt;
damask adorned with imitation lace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Bah!&amp;quot; said the Bishop. &amp;quot;Let us announce our Te Deum from the pulpit,&lt;br /&gt;
nevertheless, Monsieur le Curé. Things will arrange themselves.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
They instituted a search in the churches of the neighborhood. All the&lt;br /&gt;
magnificence of these humble parishes combined would not have sufficed to&lt;br /&gt;
clothe the chorister of a cathedral properly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
While they were thus embarrassed, a large chest was brought and deposited&lt;br /&gt;
in the presbytery for the Bishop, by two unknown horsemen, who departed on&lt;br /&gt;
the instant. The chest was opened; it contained a cope of cloth of gold, a&lt;br /&gt;
mitre ornamented with diamonds, an archbishop's cross, a magnificent&lt;br /&gt;
crosier,&amp;amp;mdash;all the pontifical vestments which had been stolen a month&lt;br /&gt;
previously from the treasury of Notre Dame d'Embrun. In the chest was a&lt;br /&gt;
paper, on which these words were written, &amp;quot;From Cravatte to Monseigneur&lt;br /&gt;
Bienvenu.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Did not I say that things would come right of themselves?&amp;quot; said the&lt;br /&gt;
Bishop. Then he added, with a smile, &amp;quot;To him who contents himself with the&lt;br /&gt;
surplice of a curate, God sends the cope of an archbishop.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monseigneur,&amp;quot; murmured the cure, throwing back his head with a smile.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;God&amp;amp;mdash;or the Devil.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop looked steadily at the cure, and repeated with authority,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;God!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When he returned to Chastelar, the people came out to stare at him as at a&lt;br /&gt;
curiosity, all along the road. At the priest's house in Chastelar he&lt;br /&gt;
rejoined Mademoiselle Baptistine and Madame Magloire, who were waiting for&lt;br /&gt;
him, and he said to his sister: &amp;quot;Well! was I in the right? The poor priest&lt;br /&gt;
went to his poor mountaineers with empty hands, and he returns from them&lt;br /&gt;
with his hands full. I set out bearing only my faith in God; I have&lt;br /&gt;
brought back the treasure of a cathedral.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
That evening, before he went to bed, he said again: &amp;quot;Let us never fear&lt;br /&gt;
robbers nor murderers. Those are dangers from without, petty dangers. Let&lt;br /&gt;
us fear ourselves. Prejudices are the real robbers; vices are the real&lt;br /&gt;
murderers. The great dangers lie within ourselves. What matters it what&lt;br /&gt;
threatens our head or our purse! Let us think only of that which threatens&lt;br /&gt;
our soul.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Then, turning to his sister: &amp;quot;Sister, never a precaution on the part of&lt;br /&gt;
the priest, against his fellow-man. That which his fellow does, God&lt;br /&gt;
permits. Let us confine ourselves to prayer, when we think that a danger&lt;br /&gt;
is approaching us. Let us pray, not for ourselves, but that our brother&lt;br /&gt;
may not fall into sin on our account.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
However, such incidents were rare in his life. We relate those of which we&lt;br /&gt;
know; but generally he passed his life in doing the same things at the&lt;br /&gt;
same moment. One month of his year resembled one hour of his day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As to what became of &amp;quot;the treasure&amp;quot; of the cathedral of Embrun, we should&lt;br /&gt;
be embarrassed by any inquiry in that direction. It consisted of very&lt;br /&gt;
handsome things, very tempting things, and things which were very well&lt;br /&gt;
adapted to be stolen for the benefit of the unfortunate. Stolen they had&lt;br /&gt;
already been elsewhere. Half of the adventure was completed; it only&lt;br /&gt;
remained to impart a new direction to the theft, and to cause it to take a&lt;br /&gt;
short trip in the direction of the poor. However, we make no assertions on&lt;br /&gt;
this point. Only, a rather obscure note was found among the Bishop's&lt;br /&gt;
papers, which may bear some relation to this matter, and which is couched&lt;br /&gt;
in these terms, &amp;quot;The question is, to decide whether this should be turned&lt;br /&gt;
over to the cathedral or to the hospital.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_7&amp;diff=129</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 7</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_7&amp;diff=129"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:30:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Minor formatting&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 7: Cravatte&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un juste, Chapitre 7: Cravatte)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ici se place naturellement un fait que nous ne devons pas omettre, car&lt;br /&gt;
il est de ceux qui font le mieux voir quel homme c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait que M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que&lt;br /&gt;
de Digne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Apr&amp;amp;egrave;s la destruction de la bande de Gaspard B&amp;amp;egrave;s qui avait infest&amp;amp;eacute; les&lt;br /&gt;
gorges d'Ollioules, un de ses lieutenants, Cravatte, se r&amp;amp;eacute;fugia dans la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne. Il se cacha quelque temps avec ses bandits, reste de la troupe&lt;br /&gt;
de Gaspard B&amp;amp;egrave;s, dans le comt&amp;amp;eacute; de Nice, puis gagna le Pi&amp;amp;eacute;mont, et tout &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
coup reparut en France, du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; de Barcelonnette. On le vit &amp;amp;agrave; Jauziers&lt;br /&gt;
d'abord, puis aux Tuiles. Il se cacha dans les cavernes du&lt;br /&gt;
Joug-de-l'Aigle, et de l&amp;amp;agrave; il descendait vers les hameaux et les villages&lt;br /&gt;
par les ravins de l'Ubaye et de l'Ubayette. Il osa m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pousser jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
Embrun, p&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;tra une nuit dans la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale et d&amp;amp;eacute;valisa la sacristie.&lt;br /&gt;
Ses brigandages d&amp;amp;eacute;solaient le pays. On mit la gendarmerie &amp;amp;agrave; ses&lt;br /&gt;
trousses, mais en vain. Il &amp;amp;eacute;chappait toujours; quelquefois il r&amp;amp;eacute;sistait&lt;br /&gt;
de vive force. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un hardi mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable. Au milieu de toute cette&lt;br /&gt;
terreur, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que arriva. Il faisait sa tourn&amp;amp;eacute;e. Au Chastelar, le maire&lt;br /&gt;
vint le trouver et l'engagea &amp;amp;agrave; rebrousser chemin. Cravatte tenait la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; l'Arche, et au-del&amp;amp;agrave;. Il y avait danger, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me avec une&lt;br /&gt;
escorte. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait exposer inutilement trois ou quatre malheureux&lt;br /&gt;
gendarmes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Aussi, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, je compte aller sans escorte.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Y pensez-vous, monseigneur? s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria le maire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'y pense tellement, que je refuse absolument les gendarmes et que je&lt;br /&gt;
vais partir dans une heure.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Partir?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Partir.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Seul?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Seul.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur! vous ne ferez pas cela.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il y a l&amp;amp;agrave;, dans la montagne, reprit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, une humble petite&lt;br /&gt;
commune grande comme &amp;amp;ccedil;a, que je n'ai pas vue depuis trois ans. Ce sont&lt;br /&gt;
mes bons amis. De doux et honn&amp;amp;ecirc;tes bergers. Ils poss&amp;amp;egrave;dent une ch&amp;amp;egrave;vre sur&lt;br /&gt;
trente qu'ils gardent. Ils font de fort jolis cordons de laine de&lt;br /&gt;
diverses couleurs, et ils jouent des airs de montagne sur de petites&lt;br /&gt;
fl&amp;amp;ucirc;tes &amp;amp;agrave; six trous. Ils ont besoin qu'on leur parle de temps en temps du&lt;br /&gt;
bon Dieu. Que diraient-ils d'un &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que qui a peur? Que diraient-ils si&lt;br /&gt;
je n'y allais pas?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mais, monseigneur, les brigands! Si vous rencontrez les brigands!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, j'y songe. Vous avez raison. Je puis les&lt;br /&gt;
rencontrer. Eux aussi doivent avoir besoin qu'on leur parle du bon Dieu.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur! mais c'est une bande! c'est un troupeau de loups!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le maire, c'est peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pr&amp;amp;eacute;cis&amp;amp;eacute;ment de ce troupeau que&lt;br /&gt;
J&amp;amp;eacute;sus me fait le pasteur. Qui sait les voies de la Providence?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, ils vous d&amp;amp;eacute;valiseront.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je n'ai rien.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ils vous tueront.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Un vieux bonhomme de pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qui passe en marmottant ses momeries? Bah!&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; quoi bon?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ah! mon Dieu! si vous alliez les rencontrer!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je leur demanderai l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;ne pour mes pauvres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, n'y allez pas, au nom du ciel! vous exposez votre vie.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le maire, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, n'est-ce d&amp;amp;eacute;cid&amp;amp;eacute;ment que cela? Je ne&lt;br /&gt;
suis pas en ce monde pour garder ma vie, mais pour garder les &amp;amp;acirc;mes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il fallut le laisser faire. Il partit, accompagn&amp;amp;eacute; seulement d'un enfant&lt;br /&gt;
qui s'offrit &amp;amp;agrave; lui servir de guide. Son obstination fit bruit dans le&lt;br /&gt;
pays, et effraya tr&amp;amp;egrave;s fort.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il ne voulut emmener ni sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur ni madame Magloire. Il traversa la&lt;br /&gt;
montagne &amp;amp;agrave; mulet, ne rencontra personne, et arriva sain et sauf chez ses&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;bons amis&amp;amp;raquo; les bergers. Il y resta quinze jours, pr&amp;amp;ecirc;chant,&lt;br /&gt;
administrant, enseignant, moralisant. Lorsqu'il fut proche de son&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;part, il r&amp;amp;eacute;solut de chanter pontificalement un ''Te Deum''. Il en parla&lt;br /&gt;
au cur&amp;amp;eacute;. Mais comment faire? pas d'ornements &amp;amp;eacute;piscopaux. On ne pouvait&lt;br /&gt;
mettre &amp;amp;agrave; sa disposition qu'une ch&amp;amp;eacute;tive sacristie de village avec&lt;br /&gt;
quelques vieilles chasubles de damas us&amp;amp;eacute; orn&amp;amp;eacute;es de galons faux.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bah! dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que. Monsieur le cur&amp;amp;eacute;, annon&amp;amp;ccedil;ons toujours au pr&amp;amp;ocirc;ne notre&lt;br /&gt;
''Te Deum''. Cela s'arrangera.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On chercha dans les &amp;amp;eacute;glises d'alentour. Toutes les magnificences de ces&lt;br /&gt;
humbles paroisses r&amp;amp;eacute;unies n'auraient pas suffi &amp;amp;agrave; v&amp;amp;ecirc;tir convenablement un&lt;br /&gt;
chantre de cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale. Comme on &amp;amp;eacute;tait dans cet embarras, une grande&lt;br /&gt;
caisse fut apport&amp;amp;eacute;e et d&amp;amp;eacute;pos&amp;amp;eacute;e au presbyt&amp;amp;egrave;re pour M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que par deux&lt;br /&gt;
cavaliers inconnus qui repartirent sur-le-champ. On ouvrit la caisse;&lt;br /&gt;
elle contenait une chape de drap d'or, une mitre orn&amp;amp;eacute;e de diamants, une&lt;br /&gt;
croix archi&amp;amp;eacute;piscopale, une crosse magnifique, tous les v&amp;amp;ecirc;tements&lt;br /&gt;
pontificaux vol&amp;amp;eacute;s un mois auparavant au tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor de Notre-Dame d'Embrun.&lt;br /&gt;
Dans la caisse, il y avait un papier sur lequel &amp;amp;eacute;taient &amp;amp;eacute;crits ces mots:&lt;br /&gt;
''Cravatte &amp;amp;agrave; monseigneur Bienvenu''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quand je disais que cela s'arrangerait! dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis il ajouta en souriant:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; qui se contente d'un surplis de cur&amp;amp;eacute;, Dieu envoie une chape&lt;br /&gt;
d'archev&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, murmura le cur&amp;amp;eacute; en hochant la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te avec un sourire, Dieu,&lt;br /&gt;
ou le diable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que regarda fixement le cur&amp;amp;eacute; et reprit avec autorit&amp;amp;eacute;:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dieu!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quand il revint au Chastelar, et tout le long de la route, on venait le&lt;br /&gt;
regarder par curiosit&amp;amp;eacute;. Il retrouva au presbyt&amp;amp;egrave;re du Chastelar&lt;br /&gt;
mademoiselle Baptistine et madame Magloire qui l'attendaient, et il dit&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Eh bien, avais-je raison? Le pauvre pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre est all&amp;amp;eacute; chez ces pauvres&lt;br /&gt;
montagnards les mains vides, il en revient les mains pleines. J'&amp;amp;eacute;tais&lt;br /&gt;
parti n'emportant que ma confiance en Dieu; je rapporte le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor d'une&lt;br /&gt;
cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le soir, avant de se coucher, il dit encore:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ne craignons jamais les voleurs ni les meurtriers. Ce sont l&amp;amp;agrave; les&lt;br /&gt;
dangers du dehors, les petits dangers. Craignons-nous nous-m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes. Les&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;jug&amp;amp;eacute;s, voil&amp;amp;agrave; les voleurs; les vices, voil&amp;amp;agrave; les meurtriers. Les grands&lt;br /&gt;
dangers sont au dedans de nous. Qu'importe ce qui menace notre t&amp;amp;ecirc;te ou&lt;br /&gt;
notre bourse! Ne songeons qu'&amp;amp;agrave; ce qui menace notre &amp;amp;acirc;me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis se tournant vers sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Ma s&amp;amp;oelig;ur, de la part du pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre jamais de pr&amp;amp;eacute;caution contre le&lt;br /&gt;
prochain. Ce que le prochain fait, Dieu le permet. Bornons-nous &amp;amp;agrave; prier&lt;br /&gt;
Dieu quand nous croyons qu'un danger arrive sur nous. Prions-le, non&lt;br /&gt;
pour nous, mais pour que notre fr&amp;amp;egrave;re ne tombe pas en faute &amp;amp;agrave; notre&lt;br /&gt;
occasion.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Du reste, les &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;nements &amp;amp;eacute;taient rares dans son existence. Nous&lt;br /&gt;
racontons ceux que nous savons; mais d'ordinaire il passait sa vie &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
faire toujours les m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes choses aux m&amp;amp;ecirc;mes moments. Un mois de son ann&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
ressemblait &amp;amp;agrave; une heure de sa journ&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quant &amp;amp;agrave; ce que devint &amp;amp;laquo;le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sor&amp;amp;raquo; de la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale d'Embrun, on nous&lt;br /&gt;
embarrasserait de nous interroger l&amp;amp;agrave;-dessus. C'&amp;amp;eacute;taient l&amp;amp;agrave; de bien belles&lt;br /&gt;
choses, et bien tentantes, et bien bonnes &amp;amp;agrave; voler au profit des&lt;br /&gt;
malheureux. Vol&amp;amp;eacute;es, elles l'&amp;amp;eacute;taient d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; d'ailleurs. La moiti&amp;amp;eacute; de&lt;br /&gt;
l'aventure &amp;amp;eacute;tait accomplie; il ne restait plus qu'&amp;amp;agrave; changer la direction&lt;br /&gt;
du vol, et qu'&amp;amp;agrave; lui faire faire un petit bout de chemin du c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; des&lt;br /&gt;
pauvres. Nous n'affirmons rien du reste &amp;amp;agrave; ce sujet. Seulement on a&lt;br /&gt;
trouv&amp;amp;eacute; dans les papiers de l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que une note assez obscure qui se&lt;br /&gt;
rapporte peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre &amp;amp;agrave; cette affaire, et qui est ainsi con&amp;amp;ccedil;ue: ''La&lt;br /&gt;
question est de savoir si cela doit faire retour &amp;amp;agrave; la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale ou &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
It is here that a fact falls naturally into place, which we must not omit, because it is one of the sort which show us best what sort of a man the Bishop of D&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;mdash; was.&lt;br /&gt;
     &lt;br /&gt;
After the destruction of the band of Gaspard Bes, who had infested the&lt;br /&gt;
gorges of Ollioules, one of his lieutenants, Cravatte, took refuge in the&lt;br /&gt;
mountains. He concealed himself for some time with his bandits, the&lt;br /&gt;
remnant of Gaspard Bes's troop, in the county of Nice; then he made his&lt;br /&gt;
way to Piedmont, and suddenly reappeared in France, in the vicinity of&lt;br /&gt;
Barcelonette. He was first seen at Jauziers, then at Tuiles. He hid&lt;br /&gt;
himself in the caverns of the Joug-de-l'Aigle, and thence he descended&lt;br /&gt;
towards the hamlets and villages through the ravines of Ubaye and&lt;br /&gt;
Ubayette.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He even pushed as far as Embrun, entered the cathedral one night, and&lt;br /&gt;
despoiled the sacristy. His highway robberies laid waste the country-side.&lt;br /&gt;
The gendarmes were set on his track, but in vain. He always escaped;&lt;br /&gt;
sometimes he resisted by main force. He was a bold wretch. In the midst of&lt;br /&gt;
all this terror the Bishop arrived. He was making his circuit to&lt;br /&gt;
Chastelar. The mayor came to meet him, and urged him to retrace his steps.&lt;br /&gt;
Cravatte was in possession of the mountains as far as Arche, and beyond;&lt;br /&gt;
there was danger even with an escort; it merely exposed three or four&lt;br /&gt;
unfortunate gendarmes to no purpose.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Therefore,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;I intend to go without escort.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;You do not really mean that, Monseigneur!&amp;quot; exclaimed the mayor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I do mean it so thoroughly that I absolutely refuse any gendarmes, and&lt;br /&gt;
shall set out in an hour.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Set out?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Set out.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Alone?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Alone.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monseigneur, you will not do that!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;There exists yonder in the mountains,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;a tiny community&lt;br /&gt;
no bigger than that, which I have not seen for three years. They are my&lt;br /&gt;
good friends, those gentle and honest shepherds. They own one goat out of&lt;br /&gt;
every thirty that they tend. They make very pretty woollen cords of&lt;br /&gt;
various colors, and they play the mountain airs on little flutes with six&lt;br /&gt;
holes. They need to be told of the good God now and then. What would they&lt;br /&gt;
say to a bishop who was afraid? What would they say if I did not go?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;But the brigands, Monseigneur?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;I must think of that. You are right. I may meet&lt;br /&gt;
them. They, too, need to be told of the good God.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;But, Monseigneur, there is a band of them! A flock of wolves!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur le maire, it may be that it is of this very flock of wolves that&lt;br /&gt;
Jesus has constituted me the shepherd. Who knows the ways of Providence?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They will rob you, Monseigneur.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I have nothing.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;They will kill you.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;An old goodman of a priest, who passes along mumbling his prayers? Bah!&lt;br /&gt;
To what purpose?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Oh, mon Dieu! what if you should meet them!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I should beg alms of them for my poor.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Do not go, Monseigneur. In the name of Heaven! You are risking your&lt;br /&gt;
life!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur le maire,&amp;quot; said the Bishop, &amp;quot;is that really all? I am not in the&lt;br /&gt;
world to guard my own life, but to guard souls.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They had to allow him to do as he pleased. He set out, accompanied only by&lt;br /&gt;
a child who offered to serve as a guide. His obstinacy was bruited about&lt;br /&gt;
the country-side, and caused great consternation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
He would take neither his sister nor Madame Magloire. He traversed the&lt;br /&gt;
mountain on mule-back, encountered no one, and arrived safe and sound at&lt;br /&gt;
the residence of his &amp;quot;good friends,&amp;quot; the shepherds. He remained there for&lt;br /&gt;
a fortnight, preaching, administering the sacrament, teaching, exhorting.&lt;br /&gt;
When the time of his departure approached, he resolved to chant a Te Deum&lt;br /&gt;
pontifically. He mentioned it to the cure. But what was to be done? There&lt;br /&gt;
were no episcopal ornaments. They could only place at his disposal a&lt;br /&gt;
wretched village sacristy, with a few ancient chasubles of threadbare&lt;br /&gt;
damask adorned with imitation lace.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Bah!&amp;quot; said the Bishop. &amp;quot;Let us announce our Te Deum from the pulpit,&lt;br /&gt;
nevertheless, Monsieur le Curé. Things will arrange themselves.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They instituted a search in the churches of the neighborhood. All the&lt;br /&gt;
magnificence of these humble parishes combined would not have sufficed to&lt;br /&gt;
clothe the chorister of a cathedral properly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While they were thus embarrassed, a large chest was brought and deposited&lt;br /&gt;
in the presbytery for the Bishop, by two unknown horsemen, who departed on&lt;br /&gt;
the instant. The chest was opened; it contained a cope of cloth of gold, a&lt;br /&gt;
mitre ornamented with diamonds, an archbishop's cross, a magnificent&lt;br /&gt;
crosier,&amp;amp;mdash;all the pontifical vestments which had been stolen a month&lt;br /&gt;
previously from the treasury of Notre Dame d'Embrun. In the chest was a&lt;br /&gt;
paper, on which these words were written, &amp;quot;From Cravatte to Monseigneur&lt;br /&gt;
Bienvenu.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Did not I say that things would come right of themselves?&amp;quot; said the&lt;br /&gt;
Bishop. Then he added, with a smile, &amp;quot;To him who contents himself with the&lt;br /&gt;
surplice of a curate, God sends the cope of an archbishop.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monseigneur,&amp;quot; murmured the cure, throwing back his head with a smile.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;God&amp;amp;mdash;or the Devil.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop looked steadily at the cure, and repeated with authority,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;God!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
When he returned to Chastelar, the people came out to stare at him as at a&lt;br /&gt;
curiosity, all along the road. At the priest's house in Chastelar he&lt;br /&gt;
rejoined Mademoiselle Baptistine and Madame Magloire, who were waiting for&lt;br /&gt;
him, and he said to his sister: &amp;quot;Well! was I in the right? The poor priest&lt;br /&gt;
went to his poor mountaineers with empty hands, and he returns from them&lt;br /&gt;
with his hands full. I set out bearing only my faith in God; I have&lt;br /&gt;
brought back the treasure of a cathedral.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That evening, before he went to bed, he said again: &amp;quot;Let us never fear&lt;br /&gt;
robbers nor murderers. Those are dangers from without, petty dangers. Let&lt;br /&gt;
us fear ourselves. Prejudices are the real robbers; vices are the real&lt;br /&gt;
murderers. The great dangers lie within ourselves. What matters it what&lt;br /&gt;
threatens our head or our purse! Let us think only of that which threatens&lt;br /&gt;
our soul.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Then, turning to his sister: &amp;quot;Sister, never a precaution on the part of&lt;br /&gt;
the priest, against his fellow-man. That which his fellow does, God&lt;br /&gt;
permits. Let us confine ourselves to prayer, when we think that a danger&lt;br /&gt;
is approaching us. Let us pray, not for ourselves, but that our brother&lt;br /&gt;
may not fall into sin on our account.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However, such incidents were rare in his life. We relate those of which we&lt;br /&gt;
know; but generally he passed his life in doing the same things at the&lt;br /&gt;
same moment. One month of his year resembled one hour of his day.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As to what became of &amp;quot;the treasure&amp;quot; of the cathedral of Embrun, we should&lt;br /&gt;
be embarrassed by any inquiry in that direction. It consisted of very&lt;br /&gt;
handsome things, very tempting things, and things which were very well&lt;br /&gt;
adapted to be stolen for the benefit of the unfortunate. Stolen they had&lt;br /&gt;
already been elsewhere. Half of the adventure was completed; it only&lt;br /&gt;
remained to impart a new direction to the theft, and to cause it to take a&lt;br /&gt;
short trip in the direction of the poor. However, we make no assertions on&lt;br /&gt;
this point. Only, a rather obscure note was found among the Bishop's&lt;br /&gt;
papers, which may bear some relation to this matter, and which is couched&lt;br /&gt;
in these terms, &amp;quot;The question is, to decide whether this should be turned&lt;br /&gt;
over to the cathedral or to the hospital.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_1&amp;diff=126</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 3/Chapter 1</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_3/Chapter_1&amp;diff=126"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T15:27:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 1: The Year 1817&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapit...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book Third: In the Year 1817, Chapter 1: The Year 1817&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me: En l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, Chapitre 1: L'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1817 est l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e que Louis XVIII, avec un certain aplomb royal qui ne&lt;br /&gt;
manquait pas de fiert&amp;amp;eacute;, qualifiait la vingt-deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;me de son r&amp;amp;egrave;gne. C'est&lt;br /&gt;
l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e o&amp;amp;ugrave; M. Brugui&amp;amp;egrave;re de Sorsum &amp;amp;eacute;tait c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;bre. Toutes les boutiques&lt;br /&gt;
des perruquiers, esp&amp;amp;eacute;rant la poudre et le retour de l'oiseau royal,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;taient badigeonn&amp;amp;eacute;es d'azur et fleurdelys&amp;amp;eacute;es. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait le temps candide&lt;br /&gt;
o&amp;amp;ugrave; le comte Lynch si&amp;amp;eacute;geait tous les dimanches comme marguillier au banc&lt;br /&gt;
d'&amp;amp;oelig;uvre de Saint-Germain-des-Pr&amp;amp;eacute;s en habit de pair de France, avec son&lt;br /&gt;
cordon rouge et son long nez, et cette majest&amp;amp;eacute; de profil particuli&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
un homme qui a fait une action d'&amp;amp;eacute;clat. L'action d'&amp;amp;eacute;clat commise par M.&lt;br /&gt;
Lynch &amp;amp;eacute;tait ceci: avoir, &amp;amp;eacute;tant maire de Bordeaux, le 12 mars 1814, donn&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
la ville un peu trop t&amp;amp;ocirc;t &amp;amp;agrave; M. le duc d'Angoul&amp;amp;ecirc;me. De l&amp;amp;agrave; sa pairie. En&lt;br /&gt;
1817, la mode engloutissait les petits gar&amp;amp;ccedil;ons de quatre &amp;amp;agrave; six ans sous&lt;br /&gt;
de vastes casquettes en cuir maroquin&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; oreillons assez ressemblantes &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
des mitres d'esquimaux. L'arm&amp;amp;eacute;e fran&amp;amp;ccedil;aise &amp;amp;eacute;tait v&amp;amp;ecirc;tue de blanc, &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'autrichienne; les r&amp;amp;eacute;giments s'appelaient l&amp;amp;eacute;gions; au lieu de chiffres&lt;br /&gt;
ils portaient les noms des d&amp;amp;eacute;partements. Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave; Sainte-H&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;ne,&lt;br /&gt;
et, comme l'Angleterre lui refusait du drap vert, il faisait retourner&lt;br /&gt;
ses vieux habits. En 1817, Pellegrini chantait, mademoiselle Bigottini&lt;br /&gt;
dansait; Potier r&amp;amp;eacute;gnait; Odry n'existait pas encore. Madame Saqui&lt;br /&gt;
succ&amp;amp;eacute;dait &amp;amp;agrave; Forioso. Il y avait encore des Prussiens en France. M.&lt;br /&gt;
Delalot &amp;amp;eacute;tait un personnage. La l&amp;amp;eacute;gitimit&amp;amp;eacute; venait de s'affirmer en&lt;br /&gt;
coupant le poing, puis la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te, &amp;amp;agrave; Pleignier, &amp;amp;agrave; Carbonneau et &amp;amp;agrave; Tolleron.&lt;br /&gt;
Le prince de Talleyrand, grand chambellan, et l'abb&amp;amp;eacute; Louis, ministre&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;sign&amp;amp;eacute; des finances, se regardaient en riant du rire de deux augures;&lt;br /&gt;
tous deux avaient c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;br&amp;amp;eacute;, le 14 juillet 1790, la messe de la F&amp;amp;eacute;d&amp;amp;eacute;ration&lt;br /&gt;
au Champ de Mars; Talleyrand l'avait dite comme &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, Louis l'avait&lt;br /&gt;
servie comme diacre. En 1817, dans les contre-all&amp;amp;eacute;es de ce m&amp;amp;ecirc;me Champ de&lt;br /&gt;
Mars, on apercevait de gros cylindres de bois, gisant sous la pluie,&lt;br /&gt;
pourrissant dans l'herbe, peints en bleu avec des traces d'aigles et&lt;br /&gt;
d'abeilles d&amp;amp;eacute;dor&amp;amp;eacute;es. C'&amp;amp;eacute;taient les colonnes qui, deux ans auparavant,&lt;br /&gt;
avaient soutenu l'estrade de l'empereur au Champ-de-Mai. Elles &amp;amp;eacute;taient&lt;br /&gt;
noircies &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; de la br&amp;amp;ucirc;lure du bivouac des Autrichiens baraqu&amp;amp;eacute;s pr&amp;amp;egrave;s&lt;br /&gt;
du Gros-Caillou. Deux ou trois de ces colonnes avaient disparu dans les&lt;br /&gt;
feux de ces bivouacs et avaient chauff&amp;amp;eacute; les larges mains des&lt;br /&gt;
''kaiserlicks''. Le Champ de Mai avait eu cela de remarquable qu'il avait&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; tenu au mois de juin et au Champ de Mars. En cette ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, deux&lt;br /&gt;
choses &amp;amp;eacute;taient populaires: le Voltaire-Touquet et la tabati&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
Charte. L'&amp;amp;eacute;motion parisienne la plus r&amp;amp;eacute;cente &amp;amp;eacute;tait le crime de Dautun&lt;br /&gt;
qui avait jet&amp;amp;eacute; la t&amp;amp;ecirc;te de son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re dans le bassin du March&amp;amp;eacute;-aux-Fleurs.&lt;br /&gt;
On commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ait &amp;amp;agrave; faire au minist&amp;amp;egrave;re de la marine une enqu&amp;amp;ecirc;te sur cette&lt;br /&gt;
fatale fr&amp;amp;eacute;gate de la M&amp;amp;eacute;duse qui devait couvrir de honte Chaumareix et de&lt;br /&gt;
gloire G&amp;amp;eacute;ricault. Le colonel Selves allait en &amp;amp;Eacute;gypte pour y devenir&lt;br /&gt;
Soliman pacha. Le palais des Thermes, rue de la Harpe, servait de&lt;br /&gt;
boutique &amp;amp;agrave; un tonnelier. On voyait encore sur la plate-forme de la tour&lt;br /&gt;
octogone de l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;tel de Cluny la petite logette en planches qui avait&lt;br /&gt;
servi d'observatoire &amp;amp;agrave; Messier, astronome de la marine sous Louis XVI.&lt;br /&gt;
La duchesse de Duras lisait &amp;amp;agrave; trois ou quatre amis, dans son boudoir&lt;br /&gt;
meubl&amp;amp;eacute; d'X en satin bleu ciel, ''Ourika'' in&amp;amp;eacute;dite. On grattait les N au&lt;br /&gt;
Louvre. Le pont d'Austerlitz abdiquait et s'intitulait pont du Jardin du&lt;br /&gt;
Roi, double &amp;amp;eacute;nigme qui d&amp;amp;eacute;guisait &amp;amp;agrave; la fois le pont d'Austerlitz et le&lt;br /&gt;
jardin des Plantes. Louis XVIII, pr&amp;amp;eacute;occup&amp;amp;eacute;, tout en annotant du coin de&lt;br /&gt;
l'ongle Horace, des h&amp;amp;eacute;ros qui se font empereurs et des sabotiers qui se&lt;br /&gt;
font dauphins, avait deux soucis: Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on et Mathurin Bruneau.&lt;br /&gt;
L'acad&amp;amp;eacute;mie fran&amp;amp;ccedil;aise donnait pour sujet de prix: ''Le bonheur que procure l'&amp;amp;eacute;tude''. M. Bellart &amp;amp;eacute;tait officiellement &amp;amp;eacute;loquent. On voyait germer &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
son ombre ce futur avocat g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral de Bro&amp;amp;egrave;, promis aux sarcasmes de&lt;br /&gt;
Paul-Louis Courier. Il y avait un faux Chateaubriand appel&amp;amp;eacute; Marchangy,&lt;br /&gt;
en attendant qu'il y eut un faux Marchangy appel&amp;amp;eacute; d'Arlincourt. ''Claire d'Albe'' et ''Malek-Adel'' &amp;amp;eacute;taient des chefs-d'&amp;amp;oelig;uvre; madame Cottin &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;clar&amp;amp;eacute;e le premier &amp;amp;eacute;crivain de l'&amp;amp;eacute;poque. L'institut laissait rayer de&lt;br /&gt;
sa liste l'acad&amp;amp;eacute;micien Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on Bonaparte. Une ordonnance royale&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;rigeait Angoul&amp;amp;ecirc;me en &amp;amp;eacute;cole de marine, car, le duc d'Angoul&amp;amp;ecirc;me &amp;amp;eacute;tant&lt;br /&gt;
grand amiral, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;eacute;vident que la ville d'Angoul&amp;amp;ecirc;me avait de droit&lt;br /&gt;
toutes les qualit&amp;amp;eacute;s d'un port de mer, sans quoi le principe monarchique&lt;br /&gt;
e&amp;amp;ucirc;t &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; entam&amp;amp;eacute;. On agitait en conseil des ministres la question de&lt;br /&gt;
savoir si l'on devait tol&amp;amp;eacute;rer les vignettes repr&amp;amp;eacute;sentant des voltiges&lt;br /&gt;
qui assaisonnaient les affiches de Franconi et qui attroupaient les&lt;br /&gt;
polissons des rues. M. Pa&amp;amp;euml;r, auteur de l'''Agnese'', bonhomme &amp;amp;agrave; la face&lt;br /&gt;
carr&amp;amp;eacute;e qui avait une verrue sur la joue, dirigeait les petits concerts&lt;br /&gt;
intimes de la marquise de Sassenaye, rue de la Ville-l'&amp;amp;Eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que. Toutes&lt;br /&gt;
les jeunes filles chantaient ''l'Ermite de Saint-Avelle'', paroles&lt;br /&gt;
d'Edmond G&amp;amp;eacute;raud. ''Le Nain jaune'' se transformait en ''Miroir''. Le caf&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
Lemblin tenait pour l'empereur contre le caf&amp;amp;eacute; Valois qui tenait pour les&lt;br /&gt;
Bourbons. On venait de marier &amp;amp;agrave; une princesse de Sicile M. le duc de&lt;br /&gt;
Berry, d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; regard&amp;amp;eacute; du fond de l'ombre par Louvel. Il y avait un an que&lt;br /&gt;
madame de Sta&amp;amp;euml;l &amp;amp;eacute;tait morte. Les gardes du corps sifflaient mademoiselle&lt;br /&gt;
Mars. Les grands journaux &amp;amp;eacute;taient tout petits. Le format &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
restreint, mais la libert&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;eacute;tait grande. ''Le Constitutionnel'' &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
constitutionnel. ''La Minerve'' appelait Chateaubriand ''Chateaubriant''. Ce&lt;br /&gt;
''t'' faisait beaucoup rire les bourgeois aux d&amp;amp;eacute;pens du grand &amp;amp;eacute;crivain.&lt;br /&gt;
Dans des journaux vendus, des journalistes prostitu&amp;amp;eacute;s insultaient les&lt;br /&gt;
proscrits de 1815; David n'avait plus de talent, Arnault n'avait plus&lt;br /&gt;
d'esprit, Carnot n'avait plus de probit&amp;amp;eacute;; Soult n'avait gagn&amp;amp;eacute; aucune&lt;br /&gt;
bataille; il est vrai que Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on n'avait plus de g&amp;amp;eacute;nie. Personne&lt;br /&gt;
n'ignore qu'il est assez rare que les lettres adress&amp;amp;eacute;es par la poste &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
un exil&amp;amp;eacute; lui parviennent, les polices se faisant un religieux devoir de&lt;br /&gt;
les intercepter. Le fait n'est point nouveau; Descartes, banni, s'en&lt;br /&gt;
plaignait. Or, David ayant, dans un journal belge, montr&amp;amp;eacute; quelque humeur&lt;br /&gt;
de ne pas recevoir les lettres qu'on lui &amp;amp;eacute;crivait, ceci paraissait&lt;br /&gt;
plaisant aux feuilles royalistes qui bafouaient &amp;amp;agrave; cette occasion le&lt;br /&gt;
proscrit. Dire: ''les r&amp;amp;eacute;gicides'', ou dire: ''les votants'', dire: ''les ennemis'', ou dire: ''les alli&amp;amp;eacute;s'', dire: ''Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on'', ou dire: ''Buonaparte'',&lt;br /&gt;
cela s&amp;amp;eacute;parait deux hommes plus qu'un ab&amp;amp;icirc;me. Tous les gens de bons sens&lt;br /&gt;
convenaient que l'&amp;amp;egrave;re des r&amp;amp;eacute;volutions &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave; jamais ferm&amp;amp;eacute;e par le roi&lt;br /&gt;
Louis XVIII, surnomm&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;laquo;l'immortel auteur de la charte&amp;amp;raquo;. Au terre-plein&lt;br /&gt;
du Pont-Neuf, on sculptait le mot ''Redivivus'', sur le pi&amp;amp;eacute;destal qui&lt;br /&gt;
attendait la statue de Henri IV. M. Piet &amp;amp;eacute;bauchait, rue Th&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;egrave;se, n&amp;amp;deg; 4,&lt;br /&gt;
son conciliabule pour consolider la monarchie. Les chefs de la droite&lt;br /&gt;
disaient dans les conjonctures graves: &amp;amp;laquo;Il faut &amp;amp;eacute;crire &amp;amp;agrave; Bacot&amp;amp;raquo;. MM.&lt;br /&gt;
Canuel, O'Mahony et de Chappedelaine esquissaient, un peu approuv&amp;amp;eacute;s de&lt;br /&gt;
Monsieur, ce qui devait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre plus tard &amp;amp;laquo;la conspiration du bord de&lt;br /&gt;
l'eau&amp;amp;raquo;. L'&amp;amp;Eacute;pingle Noire complotait de son c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;. Delaverderie s'abouchait&lt;br /&gt;
avec Trogoff. M. Decazes, esprit dans une certaine mesure lib&amp;amp;eacute;ral,&lt;br /&gt;
dominait. Chateaubriand, debout tous les matins devant sa fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tre du n&amp;amp;deg;&lt;br /&gt;
27 de la rue Saint-Dominique, en pantalon &amp;amp;agrave; pieds et en pantoufles, ses&lt;br /&gt;
cheveux gris coiff&amp;amp;eacute;s d'un madras, les yeux fix&amp;amp;eacute;s sur un miroir, une&lt;br /&gt;
trousse compl&amp;amp;egrave;te de chirurgien dentiste ouverte devant lui, se curait&lt;br /&gt;
les dents, qu'il avait charmantes, tout en dictant des variantes de ''la Monarchie selon la Charte'' &amp;amp;agrave; M. Pilorge, son secr&amp;amp;eacute;taire. La critique&lt;br /&gt;
faisant autorit&amp;amp;eacute; pr&amp;amp;eacute;f&amp;amp;eacute;rait Lafon &amp;amp;agrave; Talma. M. de F&amp;amp;eacute;letz signait A.; M.&lt;br /&gt;
Hoffmann signait Z. Charles Nodier &amp;amp;eacute;crivait ''Th&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;egrave;se Aubert''. Le divorce&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait aboli. Les lyc&amp;amp;eacute;es s'appelaient coll&amp;amp;egrave;ges. Les coll&amp;amp;eacute;giens, orn&amp;amp;eacute;s au&lt;br /&gt;
collet d'une fleur de lys d'or, s'y gourmaient &amp;amp;agrave; propos du roi de Rome.&lt;br /&gt;
La contre-police du ch&amp;amp;acirc;teau d&amp;amp;eacute;non&amp;amp;ccedil;ait &amp;amp;agrave; son altesse royale Madame le&lt;br /&gt;
portrait, partout expos&amp;amp;eacute;, de M. le duc d'Orl&amp;amp;eacute;ans, lequel avait meilleure&lt;br /&gt;
mine en uniforme de colonel g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral des houzards que M. le duc de Berry&lt;br /&gt;
en uniforme de colonel g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral des dragons; grave inconv&amp;amp;eacute;nient. La ville&lt;br /&gt;
de Paris faisait redorer &amp;amp;agrave; ses frais le d&amp;amp;ocirc;me des Invalides. Les hommes&lt;br /&gt;
s&amp;amp;eacute;rieux se demandaient ce que ferait, dans telle ou telle occasion, M.&lt;br /&gt;
de Trinquelague; M. Clausel de Montals se s&amp;amp;eacute;parait, sur divers points,&lt;br /&gt;
de M. Clausel de Coussergues; M. de Salaberry n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait pas content. Le&lt;br /&gt;
com&amp;amp;eacute;dien Picard, qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait de l'Acad&amp;amp;eacute;mie dont le com&amp;amp;eacute;dien Moli&amp;amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
n'avait pu &amp;amp;ecirc;tre, faisait jouer ''les deux Philibert'' &amp;amp;agrave; l'Od&amp;amp;eacute;on, sur le&lt;br /&gt;
fronton duquel l'arrachement des lettres laissait encore lire&lt;br /&gt;
distinctement: TH&amp;amp;Eacute;&amp;amp;Acirc;TRE DE L'IMP&amp;amp;Eacute;RATRICE. On prenait parti pour ou contre&lt;br /&gt;
Cugnet de Montarlot. Fabvier &amp;amp;eacute;tait factieux; Bavoux &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;volutionnaire. Le libraire P&amp;amp;eacute;licier publiait une &amp;amp;eacute;dition de Voltaire,&lt;br /&gt;
sous ce titre: ''OEuvres de Voltaire'', de l'Acad&amp;amp;eacute;mie fran&amp;amp;ccedil;aise. &amp;amp;laquo;Cela&lt;br /&gt;
fait venir les acheteurs&amp;amp;raquo;, disait cet &amp;amp;eacute;diteur na&amp;amp;iuml;f. L'opinion g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;rale&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait que M. Charles Loyson, serait le g&amp;amp;eacute;nie du si&amp;amp;egrave;cle; l'envie&lt;br /&gt;
commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ait &amp;amp;agrave; le mordre, signe de gloire; et l'on faisait sur lui ce&lt;br /&gt;
vers:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''M&amp;amp;ecirc;me quand Loyson vole, on sent qu'il a des pattes.''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le cardinal Fesch refusant de se d&amp;amp;eacute;mettre, M. de Pins, archev&amp;amp;ecirc;que&lt;br /&gt;
d'Amasie, administrait le dioc&amp;amp;egrave;se de Lyon. La querelle de la vall&amp;amp;eacute;e des&lt;br /&gt;
Dappes commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ait entre la Suisse et la France par un m&amp;amp;eacute;moire du&lt;br /&gt;
capitaine Dufour, depuis g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral. Saint-Simon, ignor&amp;amp;eacute;, &amp;amp;eacute;chafaudait son&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve sublime. Il y avait &amp;amp;agrave; l'acad&amp;amp;eacute;mie des sciences un Fourier c&amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;egrave;bre&lt;br /&gt;
que la post&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute; a oubli&amp;amp;eacute; et dans je ne sais quel grenier un Fourier&lt;br /&gt;
obscur dont l'avenir se souviendra. Lord Byron commen&amp;amp;ccedil;ait &amp;amp;agrave; poindre; une&lt;br /&gt;
note d'un po&amp;amp;egrave;me de Millevoye l'annon&amp;amp;ccedil;ait &amp;amp;agrave; la France en ces termes: ''un certain lord Baron''. David d'Angers s'essayait &amp;amp;agrave; p&amp;amp;eacute;trir le marbre.&lt;br /&gt;
L'abb&amp;amp;eacute; Caron parlait avec &amp;amp;eacute;loge, en petit comit&amp;amp;eacute; de s&amp;amp;eacute;minaristes, dans&lt;br /&gt;
le cul-de-sac des Feuillantines, d'un pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre inconnu nomm&amp;amp;eacute; F&amp;amp;eacute;licit&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
Robert qui a &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; plus tard Lamennais. Une chose qui fumait et clapotait&lt;br /&gt;
sur la Seine avec le bruit d'un chien qui nage allait et venait sous les&lt;br /&gt;
fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres des Tuileries, du pont Royal au pont Louis XV c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;eacute;canique bonne &amp;amp;agrave; pas grand'chose, une esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de joujou, une r&amp;amp;ecirc;verie&lt;br /&gt;
d'inventeur songe-creux, une utopie: un bateau &amp;amp;agrave; vapeur. Les Parisiens&lt;br /&gt;
regardaient cette inutilit&amp;amp;eacute; avec indiff&amp;amp;eacute;rence. M. de Vaublanc,&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;formateur de l'Institut par coup d'&amp;amp;Eacute;tat, ordonnance et fourn&amp;amp;eacute;e, auteur&lt;br /&gt;
distingu&amp;amp;eacute; de plusieurs acad&amp;amp;eacute;miciens, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s en avoir fait, ne pouvait&lt;br /&gt;
parvenir &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre. Le faubourg Saint-Germain et la pavillon Marsan&lt;br /&gt;
souhaitaient pour pr&amp;amp;eacute;fet de police M. Delaveau, &amp;amp;agrave; cause de sa d&amp;amp;eacute;votion.&lt;br /&gt;
Dupuytren et R&amp;amp;eacute;camier se prenaient de querelle &amp;amp;agrave; l'amphith&amp;amp;eacute;&amp;amp;acirc;tre de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;Eacute;cole de m&amp;amp;eacute;decine et se mena&amp;amp;ccedil;aient du poing &amp;amp;agrave; propos de la divinit&amp;amp;eacute; de&lt;br /&gt;
J&amp;amp;eacute;sus-Christ. Cuvier, un &amp;amp;oelig;il sur la Gen&amp;amp;egrave;se et l'autre sur la nature,&lt;br /&gt;
s'effor&amp;amp;ccedil;ait de plaire &amp;amp;agrave; la r&amp;amp;eacute;action bigote en mettant les fossiles&lt;br /&gt;
d'accord avec les textes et en faisant flatter Mo&amp;amp;iuml;se par les&lt;br /&gt;
mastodontes. M. Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ois de Neufch&amp;amp;acirc;teau, louable cultivateur de la&lt;br /&gt;
m&amp;amp;eacute;moire de Parmentier, faisait mille efforts pour que ''pomme de terre''&lt;br /&gt;
f&amp;amp;ucirc;t prononc&amp;amp;eacute;e ''parmenti&amp;amp;egrave;re'', et n'y r&amp;amp;eacute;ussissait point. L'abb&amp;amp;eacute; Gr&amp;amp;eacute;goire,&lt;br /&gt;
ancien &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, ancien conventionnel, ancien s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur, &amp;amp;eacute;tait pass&amp;amp;eacute; dans&lt;br /&gt;
la pol&amp;amp;eacute;mique royaliste &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;tat &amp;amp;laquo;d'inf&amp;amp;acirc;me Gr&amp;amp;eacute;goire&amp;amp;raquo;. Cette locution que&lt;br /&gt;
nous venons d'employer: ''passer &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;tat de'', &amp;amp;eacute;tait d&amp;amp;eacute;nonc&amp;amp;eacute;e comme&lt;br /&gt;
n&amp;amp;eacute;ologisme par M. Royer-Collard. On pouvait distinguer encore &amp;amp;agrave; sa&lt;br /&gt;
blancheur, sous la troisi&amp;amp;egrave;me arche du pont d'I&amp;amp;eacute;na, la pierre neuve avec&lt;br /&gt;
laquelle, deux ans auparavant, on avait bouch&amp;amp;eacute; le trou de mine pratiqu&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
par Bl&amp;amp;uuml;cher pour faire sauter le pont. La justice appelait &amp;amp;agrave; sa barre un&lt;br /&gt;
homme qui, en voyant entrer le comte d'Artois &amp;amp;agrave; Notre-Dame, avait dit&lt;br /&gt;
tout haut: ''Sapristi! je regrette le temps o&amp;amp;ugrave; je voyais Bonaparte et Talma&lt;br /&gt;
entrer bras dessus bras dessous au Bal-Sauvage''. Propos s&amp;amp;eacute;ditieux. Six&lt;br /&gt;
mois de prison. Des tra&amp;amp;icirc;tres se montraient d&amp;amp;eacute;boutonn&amp;amp;eacute;s; des hommes qui&lt;br /&gt;
avaient pass&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; l'ennemi la veille d'une bataille ne cachaient rien de&lt;br /&gt;
la r&amp;amp;eacute;compense et marchaient impudiquement en plein soleil dans le&lt;br /&gt;
cynisme des richesses et des dignit&amp;amp;eacute;s; des d&amp;amp;eacute;serteurs de Ligny et des&lt;br /&gt;
Quatre-Bras, dans le d&amp;amp;eacute;braill&amp;amp;eacute; de leur turpitude pay&amp;amp;eacute;e, &amp;amp;eacute;talaient leur&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;vouement monarchique tout nu; oubliant ce qui est &amp;amp;eacute;crit en Angleterre&lt;br /&gt;
sur la muraille int&amp;amp;eacute;rieure des water-closets publics: ''Please adjust&lt;br /&gt;
your dress before leaving''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Voil&amp;amp;agrave;, p&amp;amp;ecirc;le-m&amp;amp;ecirc;le, ce qui surnage confus&amp;amp;eacute;ment de l'ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, oubli&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
aujourd'hui. L'histoire n&amp;amp;eacute;glige presque toutes ces particularit&amp;amp;eacute;s, et ne&lt;br /&gt;
peut faire autrement; l'infini l'envahirait. Pourtant ces d&amp;amp;eacute;tails, qu'on&lt;br /&gt;
appelle &amp;amp;agrave; tort petits&amp;amp;mdash;il n'y a ni petits faits dans l'humanit&amp;amp;eacute;, ni&lt;br /&gt;
petites feuilles dans la v&amp;amp;eacute;g&amp;amp;eacute;tation&amp;amp;mdash;sont utiles. C'est de la&lt;br /&gt;
physionomie des ann&amp;amp;eacute;es que se compose la figure des si&amp;amp;egrave;cles.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
En cette ann&amp;amp;eacute;e 1817, quatre jeunes Parisiens firent &amp;amp;laquo;une bonne farce&amp;amp;raquo;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
1817 is the year which Louis XVIII., with a certain royal assurance which&lt;br /&gt;
was not wanting in pride, entitled the twenty-second of his reign. It is&lt;br /&gt;
the year in which M. Bruguiere de Sorsum was celebrated. All the&lt;br /&gt;
hairdressers' shops, hoping for powder and the return of the royal bird,&lt;br /&gt;
were besmeared with azure and decked with fleurs-de-lys. It was the candid&lt;br /&gt;
time at which Count Lynch sat every Sunday as church-warden in the&lt;br /&gt;
church-warden's pew of Saint-Germain-des-Pres, in his costume of a peer of&lt;br /&gt;
France, with his red ribbon and his long nose and the majesty of profile&lt;br /&gt;
peculiar to a man who has performed a brilliant action. The brilliant&lt;br /&gt;
action performed by M. Lynch was this: being mayor of Bordeaux, on the&lt;br /&gt;
12th of March, 1814, he had surrendered the city a little too promptly to&lt;br /&gt;
M. the Duke d'Angoulême. Hence his peerage. In 1817 fashion swallowed up&lt;br /&gt;
little boys of from four to six years of age in vast caps of morocco&lt;br /&gt;
leather with ear-tabs resembling Esquimaux mitres. The French army was&lt;br /&gt;
dressed in white, after the mode of the Austrian; the regiments were&lt;br /&gt;
called legions; instead of numbers they bore the names of departments;&lt;br /&gt;
Napoleon was at St. Helena; and since England refused him green cloth, he&lt;br /&gt;
was having his old coats turned. In 1817 Pelligrini sang; Mademoiselle&lt;br /&gt;
Bigottini danced; Potier reigned; Odry did not yet exist. Madame Saqui had&lt;br /&gt;
succeeded to Forioso. There were still Prussians in France. M. Delalot was&lt;br /&gt;
a personage. Legitimacy had just asserted itself by cutting off the hand,&lt;br /&gt;
then the head, of Pleignier, of Carbonneau, and of Tolleron. The Prince de&lt;br /&gt;
Talleyrand, grand chamberlain, and the Abbé Louis, appointed minister of&lt;br /&gt;
finance, laughed as they looked at each other, with the laugh of the two&lt;br /&gt;
augurs; both of them had celebrated, on the 14th of July, 1790, the mass&lt;br /&gt;
of federation in the Champ de Mars; Talleyrand had said it as bishop,&lt;br /&gt;
Louis had served it in the capacity of deacon. In 1817, in the side-alleys&lt;br /&gt;
of this same Champ de Mars, two great cylinders of wood might have been&lt;br /&gt;
seen lying in the rain, rotting amid the grass, painted blue, with traces&lt;br /&gt;
of eagles and bees, from which the gilding was falling. These were the&lt;br /&gt;
columns which two years before had upheld the Emperor's platform in the&lt;br /&gt;
Champ de Mai. They were blackened here and there with the scorches of the&lt;br /&gt;
bivouac of Austrians encamped near Gros-Caillou. Two or three of these&lt;br /&gt;
columns had disappeared in these bivouac fires, and had warmed the large&lt;br /&gt;
hands of the Imperial troops. The Field of May had this remarkable point:&lt;br /&gt;
that it had been held in the month of June and in the Field of March&lt;br /&gt;
(Mars). In this year, 1817, two things were popular: the Voltaire-Touquet&lt;br /&gt;
and the snuff-box a la Charter. The most recent Parisian sensation was the&lt;br /&gt;
crime of Dautun, who had thrown his brother's head into the fountain of&lt;br /&gt;
the Flower-Market.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
They had begun to feel anxious at the Naval Department, on account of the&lt;br /&gt;
lack of news from that fatal frigate, The Medusa, which was destined to&lt;br /&gt;
cover Chaumareix with infamy and Gericault with glory. Colonel Selves was&lt;br /&gt;
going to Egypt to become Soliman-Pasha. The palace of Thermes, in the Rue&lt;br /&gt;
de La Harpe, served as a shop for a cooper. On the platform of the&lt;br /&gt;
octagonal tower of the Hotel de Cluny, the little shed of boards, which&lt;br /&gt;
had served as an observatory to Messier, the naval astronomer under Louis&lt;br /&gt;
XVI., was still to be seen. The Duchesse de Duras read to three or four&lt;br /&gt;
friends her unpublished Ourika, in her boudoir furnished by X. in sky-blue&lt;br /&gt;
satin. The N's were scratched off the Louvre. The bridge of Austerlitz had&lt;br /&gt;
abdicated, and was entitled the bridge of the King's Garden [du Jardin du&lt;br /&gt;
Roi], a double enigma, which disguised the bridge of Austerlitz and the&lt;br /&gt;
Jardin des Plantes at one stroke. Louis XVIII., much preoccupied while&lt;br /&gt;
annotating Horace with the corner of his finger-nail, heroes who have&lt;br /&gt;
become emperors, and makers of wooden shoes who have become dauphins, had&lt;br /&gt;
two anxieties,&amp;amp;mdash;Napoleon and Mathurin Bruneau. The French Academy had&lt;br /&gt;
given for its prize subject, The Happiness procured through Study. M.&lt;br /&gt;
Bellart was officially eloquent. In his shadow could be seen germinating&lt;br /&gt;
that future advocate-general of Broe, dedicated to the sarcasms of&lt;br /&gt;
Paul-Louis Courier. There was a false Chateaubriand, named Marchangy, in&lt;br /&gt;
the interim, until there should be a false Marchangy, named d'Arlincourt.&lt;br /&gt;
Claire d'Albe and Malek-Adel were masterpieces; Madame Cottin was&lt;br /&gt;
proclaimed the chief writer of the epoch. The Institute had the&lt;br /&gt;
academician, Napoleon Bonaparte, stricken from its list of members. A&lt;br /&gt;
royal ordinance erected Angoulême into a naval school; for the Duc&lt;br /&gt;
d'Angoulême, being lord high admiral, it was evident that the city of&lt;br /&gt;
Angoulême had all the qualities of a seaport; otherwise the monarchical&lt;br /&gt;
principle would have received a wound. In the Council of Ministers the&lt;br /&gt;
question was agitated whether vignettes representing slack-rope&lt;br /&gt;
performances, which adorned Franconi's advertising posters, and which&lt;br /&gt;
attracted throngs of street urchins, should be tolerated. M. Paer, the&lt;br /&gt;
author of Agnese, a good sort of fellow, with a square face and a wart on&lt;br /&gt;
his cheek, directed the little private concerts of the Marquise de&lt;br /&gt;
Sasenaye in the Rue Ville l'Eveque. All the young girls were singing the&lt;br /&gt;
Hermit of Saint-Avelle, with words by Edmond Geraud. The Yellow Dwarf was&lt;br /&gt;
transferred into Mirror. The Cafe Lemblin stood up for the Emperor,&lt;br /&gt;
against the Cafe Valois, which upheld the Bourbons. The Duc de Berri,&lt;br /&gt;
already surveyed from the shadow by Louvel, had just been married to a&lt;br /&gt;
princess of Sicily. Madame de Stael had died a year previously. The&lt;br /&gt;
body-guard hissed Mademoiselle Mars. The grand newspapers were all very&lt;br /&gt;
small. Their form was restricted, but their liberty was great. The&lt;br /&gt;
Constitutionnel was constitutional. La Minerve called Chateaubriand&lt;br /&gt;
Chateaubriant. That t made the good middle-class people laugh heartily at&lt;br /&gt;
the expense of the great writer. In journals which sold themselves,&lt;br /&gt;
prostituted journalists, insulted the exiles of 1815. David had no longer&lt;br /&gt;
any talent, Arnault had no longer any wit, Carnot was no longer honest,&lt;br /&gt;
Soult had won no battles; it is true that Napoleon had no longer any&lt;br /&gt;
genius. No one is ignorant of the fact that letters sent to an exile by&lt;br /&gt;
post very rarely reached him, as the police made it their religious duty&lt;br /&gt;
to intercept them. This is no new fact; Descartes complained of it in his&lt;br /&gt;
exile. Now David, having, in a Belgian publication, shown some displeasure&lt;br /&gt;
at not receiving letters which had been written to him, it struck the&lt;br /&gt;
royalist journals as amusing; and they derided the prescribed man well on&lt;br /&gt;
this occasion. What separated two men more than an abyss was to say, the&lt;br /&gt;
regicides, or to say the voters; to say the enemies, or to say the allies;&lt;br /&gt;
to say Napoleon, or to say Buonaparte. All sensible people were agreed&lt;br /&gt;
that the era of revolution had been closed forever by King Louis XVIII.,&lt;br /&gt;
surnamed &amp;quot;The Immortal Author of the Charter.&amp;quot; On the platform of the&lt;br /&gt;
Pont-Neuf, the word Redivivus was carved on the pedestal that awaited the&lt;br /&gt;
statue of Henry IV. M. Piet, in the Rue Therese, No. 4, was making the&lt;br /&gt;
rough draft of his privy assembly to consolidate the monarchy. The leaders&lt;br /&gt;
of the Right said at grave conjunctures, &amp;quot;We must write to Bacot.&amp;quot; MM.&lt;br /&gt;
Canuel, O'Mahoney, and De Chappedelaine were preparing the sketch, to some&lt;br /&gt;
extent with Monsieur's approval, of what was to become later on &amp;quot;The&lt;br /&gt;
Conspiracy of the Bord de l'Eau&amp;quot;&amp;amp;mdash;of the waterside. L'Epingle Noire&lt;br /&gt;
was already plotting in his own quarter. Delaverderie was conferring with&lt;br /&gt;
Trogoff. M. Decazes, who was liberal to a degree, reigned. Chateaubriand&lt;br /&gt;
stood every morning at his window at No. 27 Rue Saint-Dominique, clad in&lt;br /&gt;
footed trousers, and slippers, with a madras kerchief knotted over his&lt;br /&gt;
gray hair, with his eyes fixed on a mirror, a complete set of dentist's&lt;br /&gt;
instruments spread out before him, cleaning his teeth, which were&lt;br /&gt;
charming, while he dictated The Monarchy according to the Charter to M.&lt;br /&gt;
Pilorge, his secretary. Criticism, assuming an authoritative tone,&lt;br /&gt;
preferred Lafon to Talma. M. de Feletez signed himself A.; M. Hoffmann&lt;br /&gt;
signed himself Z. Charles Nodier wrote Therese Aubert. Divorce was&lt;br /&gt;
abolished. Lyceums called themselves colleges. The collegians, decorated&lt;br /&gt;
on the collar with a golden fleur-de-lys, fought each other apropos of the&lt;br /&gt;
King of Rome. The counter-police of the chateau had denounced to her Royal&lt;br /&gt;
Highness Madame, the portrait, everywhere exhibited, of M. the Duc&lt;br /&gt;
d'Orleans, who made a better appearance in his uniform of a&lt;br /&gt;
colonel-general of hussars than M. the Duc de Berri, in his uniform of&lt;br /&gt;
colonel-general of dragoons&amp;amp;mdash;a serious inconvenience. The city of&lt;br /&gt;
Paris was having the dome of the Invalides regilded at its own expense.&lt;br /&gt;
Serious men asked themselves what M. de Trinquelague would do on such or&lt;br /&gt;
such an occasion; M. Clausel de Montals differed on divers points from M.&lt;br /&gt;
Clausel de Coussergues; M. de Salaberry was not satisfied. The comedian&lt;br /&gt;
Picard, who belonged to the Academy, which the comedian Moliere had not&lt;br /&gt;
been able to do, had The Two Philiberts played at the Odeon, upon whose&lt;br /&gt;
pediment the removal of the letters still allowed THEATRE OF THE EMPRESS&lt;br /&gt;
to be plainly read. People took part for or against Cugnet de Montarlot.&lt;br /&gt;
Fabvier was factious; Bavoux was revolutionary. The Liberal, Pelicier,&lt;br /&gt;
published an edition of Voltaire, with the following title: Works of&lt;br /&gt;
Voltaire, of the French Academy. &amp;quot;That will attract purchasers,&amp;quot; said the&lt;br /&gt;
ingenious editor. The general opinion was that M. Charles Loyson would be&lt;br /&gt;
the genius of the century; envy was beginning to gnaw at him&amp;amp;mdash;a sign&lt;br /&gt;
of glory; and this verse was composed on him:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
     &amp;quot;Even when Loyson steals, one feels that he has paws.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As Cardinal Fesch refused to resign, M. de Pins, Archbishop of Amasie,&lt;br /&gt;
administered the diocese of Lyons. The quarrel over the valley of Dappes&lt;br /&gt;
was begun between Switzerland and France by a memoir from Captain,&lt;br /&gt;
afterwards General Dufour. Saint-Simon, ignored, was erecting his sublime&lt;br /&gt;
dream. There was a celebrated Fourier at the Academy of Science, whom&lt;br /&gt;
posterity has forgotten; and in some garret an obscure Fourier, whom the&lt;br /&gt;
future will recall. Lord Byron was beginning to make his mark; a note to a&lt;br /&gt;
poem by Millevoye introduced him to France in these terms: a certain Lord&lt;br /&gt;
Baron. David d'Angers was trying to work in marble. The Abbé Caron was&lt;br /&gt;
speaking, in terms of praise, to a private gathering of seminarists in the&lt;br /&gt;
blind alley of Feuillantines, of an unknown priest, named Felicite-Robert,&lt;br /&gt;
who, at a latter date, became Lamennais. A thing which smoked and&lt;br /&gt;
clattered on the Seine with the noise of a swimming dog went and came&lt;br /&gt;
beneath the windows of the Tuileries, from the Pont Royal to the Pont&lt;br /&gt;
Louis XV.; it was a piece of mechanism which was not good for much; a sort&lt;br /&gt;
of plaything, the idle dream of a dream-ridden inventor; an utopia&amp;amp;mdash;a&lt;br /&gt;
steamboat. The Parisians stared indifferently at this useless thing. M. de&lt;br /&gt;
Vaublanc, the reformer of the Institute by a coup d'etat, the&lt;br /&gt;
distinguished author of numerous academicians, ordinances, and batches of&lt;br /&gt;
members, after having created them, could not succeed in becoming one&lt;br /&gt;
himself. The Faubourg Saint-Germain and the pavilion de Marsan wished to&lt;br /&gt;
have M. Delaveau for prefect of police, on account of his piety. Dupuytren&lt;br /&gt;
and Recamier entered into a quarrel in the amphitheatre of the School of&lt;br /&gt;
Medicine, and threatened each other with their fists on the subject of the&lt;br /&gt;
divinity of Jesus Christ. Cuvier, with one eye on Genesis and the other on&lt;br /&gt;
nature, tried to please bigoted reaction by reconciling fossils with texts&lt;br /&gt;
and by making mastodons flatter Moses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
M. Francois de Neufchateau, the praiseworthy cultivator of the memory of&lt;br /&gt;
Parmentier, made a thousand efforts to have pomme de terre [potato]&lt;br /&gt;
pronounced parmentiere, and succeeded therein not at all. The Abbé&lt;br /&gt;
Gregoire, ex-bishop, ex-conventionary, ex-senator, had passed, in the&lt;br /&gt;
royalist polemics, to the state of &amp;quot;Infamous Gregoire.&amp;quot; The locution of&lt;br /&gt;
which we have made use&amp;amp;mdash;passed to the state of&amp;amp;mdash;has been&lt;br /&gt;
condemned as a neologism by M. Royer Collard. Under the third arch of the&lt;br /&gt;
Pont de Jena, the new stone with which, the two years previously, the&lt;br /&gt;
mining aperture made by Blucher to blow up the bridge had been stopped up,&lt;br /&gt;
was still recognizable on account of its whiteness. Justice summoned to&lt;br /&gt;
its bar a man who, on seeing the Comte d'Artois enter Notre Dame, had said&lt;br /&gt;
aloud: &amp;quot;Sapristi! I regret the time when I saw Bonaparte and Talma enter&lt;br /&gt;
the Bel Sauvage, arm in arm.&amp;quot; A seditious utterance. Six months in prison.&lt;br /&gt;
Traitors showed themselves unbuttoned; men who had gone over to the enemy&lt;br /&gt;
on the eve of battle made no secret of their recompense, and strutted&lt;br /&gt;
immodestly in the light of day, in the cynicism of riches and dignities;&lt;br /&gt;
deserters from Ligny and Quatre-Bras, in the brazenness of their well-paid&lt;br /&gt;
turpitude, exhibited their devotion to the monarchy in the most barefaced&lt;br /&gt;
manner.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This is what floats up confusedly, pell-mell, for the year 1817, and is&lt;br /&gt;
now forgotten. History neglects nearly all these particulars, and cannot&lt;br /&gt;
do otherwise; the infinity would overwhelm it. Nevertheless, these&lt;br /&gt;
details, which are wrongly called trivial,&amp;amp;mdash;there are no trivial&lt;br /&gt;
facts in humanity, nor little leaves in vegetation,&amp;amp;mdash;are useful. It&lt;br /&gt;
is of the physiognomy of the years that the physiognomy of the centuries&lt;br /&gt;
is composed. In this year of 1817 four young Parisians arranged &amp;quot;a fine&lt;br /&gt;
farce.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
    &lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bruguière de Sorsum===&lt;br /&gt;
A man of letters, Antoine Bruguière de Sorsum (1773–1823) was responsible for numerous translations from English, including works by Shakespeare, Byron and Southey.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''The Wretched: A new translation of Les Misérables''. Trans. Christine Donougher. London: Penguin Classics, 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Comte Lynch===&lt;br /&gt;
In March 1814, shortly before the abdication of Napoleon in April that year, Jean-Baptiste Lynch (1749–1835) handed the keys of Bordeaux to the Duc d’Angoulême (1775–1844), who was representing his uncle in exile, the soon to be King Louis XVIII, and was accompanied by English troops.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Napoleon... St Helena===&lt;br /&gt;
After his defeat at the battle of Waterloo, Napoleon was exiled in 1815 to St Helena, an island in the South Atlantic then under the control of the English East India Company, where he died on 5 May 1821.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pellegrini... Bigottini... Potier... Odry... Saqui... Forioso===&lt;br /&gt;
Felice Pellegrini (1774–1832), Italian baritone opera singer. Émilie Bigottini (1784–1858) was a French dancer of Italian origin who made her career at the Paris Opéra. Charles-Gabriel Potier des Cailletières, known as Potier (1774–1838), a noted French actor of noble birth, and comic actor Jacques-Charles Odry (1779–1858) both performed at the Théâtre des Variétés. Madame Saqui (Marguerite-Antoinette Lalanne, 1786–1866) was a noted French tightrope dancer, and Forioso (1769–1846) was another of the great tightrope artists of the day.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Monsieur Delalot===&lt;br /&gt;
Charles Delalot (1772–1842), who took part in 1795 in the 13 Vendémiaire royalist rising that was quelled by Napoleon, was elected a deputy under the Restoration and was a contributor to the influential Parisian daily newspaper Journal des Débats, making a name for himself as a moderate royalist.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pleignier, Carbonneau and Tolleron===&lt;br /&gt;
Members of an anti-royalist society called the Patriots of 1816, these three foolhardy working men, manipulated to a considerable extent by the police and by an agent provocateur, were found guilty of conspiracy and lese-majesty. Sentenced to death, they first had their right hands cut off and were then guillotined – the penalty for parricide. Their execution took place in 1816.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Talleyrand... Abbé Louis===&lt;br /&gt;
A consummate politician and diplomat, Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord (1754–1838) was an extraordinary survivor. Appointed bishop of Autun by Louis XVI – he resigned from his diocese in 1791 and was excommunicated after taking the oath of loyalty to the civil constitution of the clergy – he held political office during the Revolution, under Napoleon, during the Restoration and under Louis-Philippe, whom he served as ambassador to London until he retired in 1834. He was Grand Chamberlain under Napoleon from 1804 to 1809, and under the Restoration, serving both Louis XVIII and Charles X between 1815 and 1830. Talleyrand was responsible for the selection by the provisional government of Joseph-Dominique Louis (1775–1837) as minister of finance in April 1814, an appointment later confirmed by Louis XVIII. Abbé Louis served five times in this capacity.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Feast of the Federation===Celebrations on the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille, called the Feast of Federation, took the form of a military parade and an open-air mass held on the Champ de Mars, for which a huge temporary amphitheatre was constructed by volunteers.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Champ de Mai===&lt;br /&gt;
In emulation of the assemblies held under early Frankish kings, originally in March (called the champ de mars), and then in May (the champ de mai), Napoleon during the Hundred Days summoned deputies from all over France to a Champ de Mai, ostensibly to vote on a new constitution; but in effect a constitution was being presented to them simply for their endorsement. Because the deputies could not get to Paris in time for the May date originally scheduled, the assembly was postponed until 1 June.&lt;br /&gt;
the Austrians bivouacked: In early July 1815 after Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo, Allied troops occupied Paris, the English on the right bank, the Prussians and Austrians on the left. Under the terms of the 1815 Treaty of Paris signed on 20 November, some regions of France would continue to be occupied for up to five years, though by no more than 150,000 Allied troops.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===kaiserlicks===&lt;br /&gt;
The name given during the French Revolution to Prussian or Austrian soldiers (from the German word ''kaiserlich'', meaning ‘imperial’).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Touquet edition... snuff-box===&lt;br /&gt;
In 1821 the Bonapartist publisher Colonel Touquet published a fifteen-volume selection of Voltaire’s works. The Charter-engraved snuff-box was one of a series of novelty snuff-boxes invented and sold by the same Colonel Touquet, celebrating the constitutional Charter of 1814, which guaranteed the rights of citizens under the Restoration Bourbon government. A paper edition of the Charter priced at only five centimes was another financially successful venture.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Dautun===&lt;br /&gt;
Charles Dautun (1780–1815) was tried and found guilty of the murder of his aunt and of his brother, whose dismembered body was found in several different places in Paris. He was guillotined in 1815.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Chaumareix... Géricault===&lt;br /&gt;
When a French naval vessel, the ''Medusa'', ran aground on a reef off the coast of Senegal in 1816, the ship was evacuated. Of the 146 men and women who boarded a raft in an attempt to reach safety, only fifteen were still alive when they were rescued after thirteen days adrift. The ship’s surgeon Henri Savigny and his shipmate the geographer Alexandre Corréard, who both survived, wrote an account of their experience, which became an international bestseller and inspired Géricault’s famous painting ''The Raft of the Medusa''. The captain of the doomed frigate, Jean-Hugues de Chaumareix (1763–1841), was court-martialled, found guilty, cashiered, and sentenced in 1817 to three years’ imprisonment.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Colonel Selves===&lt;br /&gt;
Joseph Anthelme Selves (or Sève; 1788–1860), a former soldier in Napoleon’s army, left France under the Restoration and went to Egypt where, having converted to Islam, he helped to modernize and train the Egyptian army and became known as Suleiman Pasha. He returned to France on several occasions, was awarded the Legion of Honour by Louis-Philippe and eventually died in Cairo, where the present-day Talaat Harb Square was once named after him.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Palais des Thermes===&lt;br /&gt;
Although proposals were made for establishing a museum of Roman and Gaulish antiquities in this Roman brick building, the project was not carried out until 1836, when ownership was transferred from the city to the national government and it became part of the Cluny Museum.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Messier, the naval astronomer===Charles Messier (1730–1817) worked with a previous astronomer for the navy, Joseph-Nicolas Delisle (1688–1768), who in 1748 established the observatory on the Cluny tower. Messier was appointed naval astronomer in 1771. He identified thirteen new comets during his lifetime.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Duchesse de Duras===&lt;br /&gt;
Claire de Duras (1777–1828) presided over an influential salon during the Restoration. Her novel ''Ourika'', published anonymously in 1823, tells the story of a young black child rescued from slavery and raised in France. Duras herself lived in Martinique for a number of years.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Ns... Louvre===&lt;br /&gt;
As emperor, Napoleon had his initial emblazoned on the Louvre. These Ns were duly removed under the Restoration. The Ns that currently adorn the Louvre façade celebrate his nephew Napoleon III.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pont du Jardin du Roi===&lt;br /&gt;
The Pont d’Austerlitz, so named in celebration of Napoleon’s great victory over his Russian–Austrian adversaries in 1805, was known under the Restoration as Pont du Jardin du Roi, the Jardin du Roi itself having been nationalized as part of the Museum of Natural History and renamed the Jardin des Plantes during the Revolution. The Napoleonic and Revolutionary names are the ones that have survived.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Horace... Louis XVIII===&lt;br /&gt;
Louis XVIII was known to be fond of quoting Horace. Alexandre Dumas made much of this in a scene in ''The Count of Monte Cristo'' (1844), ch. 10. Hugo himself translated poems of Horace.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mathurin Bruneau===An impostor who claimed to be the son of Louis XVI, Bruneau (1784–1822), a cobbler by trade, was tried in 1818 and imprisoned at Mont St-Michel, where he died.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The French Academy... through Study===&lt;br /&gt;
Hugo himself entered this poetry competition, but his entry met with disbelief that it could have been written by one so young.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Monsieur Bellart===&lt;br /&gt;
Famed for his oratory as a lawyer, Nicolas Bellart (1761–1826), having turned against his former protector Napoleon once the emperor was on the brink of losing power, was appointed Attorney-General at the Royal Court of Paris by Louis XVIII in 1815, in which capacity he played a critical role in the trial of Marshal Ney, who in November that year was sentenced to death for treason for rallying to Napoleon during the Hundred Days.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===de Broë... Courier===&lt;br /&gt;
Paul-Louis Courier (1772–1825) was prosecuted for the publication in 1821 of an anti-royalist pamphlet, and retaliated with another pamphlet about his trial, ridiculing the public prosecutor Jacques-Nicolas de Broë (1790–1840).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Chateaubriand===&lt;br /&gt;
Writer and royalist politician René de Chateaubriand (1768–1848), whose autobiographical ''Mémoires d’Outre-Tombe'' (Memories from beyond the Grave) paint an invaluable portrait of the age, was a leading figure of French Romanticism. Victor Hugo, as a schoolboy, is supposed to have said, ‘I want to be Chateaubriand, or nothing!’&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Marchangy... d’Arlincourt===&lt;br /&gt;
Louis de Marchangy (1782–1826), author of ''La Gaule Poétique; ou l’Histoire de France considérée dans ses rapports avec la poésie, l’éloquence et les beaux-arts'' (Poetic Gaul; or the History of France in Relation to Poetry, Eloquence and the Fine Arts), was a fervent royalist (also, the ruthless prosecutor of the Four Sergeants of La Rochelle in 1822). In his correspondence, Stendhal wrote of ''La Gaule Poétique'': ‘The style is indebted to that M. de Chateaubriand. If M. de Marchangy wrote novels he would be almost as absurd as M. d’Arlincourt’ (cited in a footnote in ''Le Vicomte d’Arlincourt, Prince des Romantiques'' by Alfred Marquiset, Paris: Hachette, 1909, p. 107). Charles d’Arlincourt (1789–1856), poet, novelist and dramatist, enjoyed a wide readership in his day, but was not so successful with the critics. Of his novel ''Le Solitaire'' (The Loner), published in 1821, Charles-Marie de Féletz is reported to have commented that it ‘has been translated into every language except French’ (Marquiset, op. cit., p. 107).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Claire d’Albe... Malek-Adel===&lt;br /&gt;
Sophie Cottin (1770–1807), a popular writer in her day, was the author of five Romantic novels, of which ''Claire d’Albe'' (1799) was the first. Malek-Adel is the Muslim hero of her historical novel ''Mathilde, or Memories Drawn from the History of the Crusades'' (1805), which enjoyed immense popularity in its day and gave rise to a number of operatic works that took the name of its hero for their title.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Institute... list of members===&lt;br /&gt;
The Institut National des Sciences et des Arts (later, the Institut de France) was founded in 1795 to replace the royal academies and to extend their scope to include more disciplines. It was restructured in 1814 under Louis XVIII, who took the opportunity to exclude certain members and to reintroduce the term ‘academy’ for its constituent sections: the French Academy, the Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-Lettres, the Academy of Sciences, the Academy of Fine Arts, and the Academy of Political and Moral Sciences.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the Duc d’Angoulême===&lt;br /&gt;
Nephew of Louis XVIII and son of Charles X. The Grand Admiralty was a titular position; Angoulême in the south-west of France is completely landlocked.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Franconi===&lt;br /&gt;
Antonio Franconi (1737–1836) was an Italian circus impresario whose sons carried on the business when he retired. They called the new theatre they opened the Cirque Olympique.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Paer, author of Agnese... Sassenay===&lt;br /&gt;
The Italian composer Ferdinando Paer (1771–1839), who was taken up by Napoleon and became director of the Théâtre Italien in Paris, was at one time director of music in the Duchesse de Berry’s household. He wrote his best-known opera, ''Agnese'', in 1809. The Marquis de Sassenay (1760–1840), married to Claudine Bretton des Chapelles (1778–1832), was also a member of the Duchesse de Berry’s household.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===L’Ermite de St-Avelle... Géraud===&lt;br /&gt;
Edmond Géraud (1775–1831) was a journalist, diarist and poet. His poem, actually entitled ‘L’Hermite de Ste-Avelle’, tells of a young man complaining of the anguish of love, for which a hermit tells him there is no cure. Published in 1820, it inspired two vaudeville comedies staged in June of the same year under the title that Hugo gives here.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Le Nain Jaune... Le Miroir===&lt;br /&gt;
''Le Nain Jaune'' was a literary and political journal founded in 1814 and suppressed in 1815, appearing in Belgium in 1816 as ''Le Nain Jaune Réfugié''. ''Le Miroir'' was a monarchist journal published briefly (1796–7) during the Revolution. Another journal, Le Miroir des Spectacles, des Lettres, des Moeurs et des Arts, was published between 1821 and 1823.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Louvel... Duc de Berry===&lt;br /&gt;
The Duc de Berry (1778–1820), nephew of Louis XVI and Louis XVIII and son of the future Charles X, on 17 June 1816 married Marie-Caroline of Naples, Princess of the Two Sicilies (1798–1870). He was murdered outside the Opéra on 13 February 1820 by Louis Louvel (1783–1820), an anti-Bourbonist.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Madame de Staël===&lt;br /&gt;
Daughter of Louis XVI’s finance minister Jacques Necker, Germaine de Staël (1766–1817), novelist and outspoken critic of Napoleon, presided over one of the most influential salons in Paris. Her lovers included Talleyrand and Benjamin Constant. She suffered a stroke that paralysed her in February 1817 and died four months later.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mademoiselle Mars===&lt;br /&gt;
Anne Boutet (1779–1847), whose stage name was Mademoiselle Mars, was a leading actress and a favourite of Napoleon. After the Restoration this was held against her by some royalist theatre-goers.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===freedom of expression===&lt;br /&gt;
After all censorship was abolished during the Hundred Days, a law passed on 22 February 1817 required newspapers and periodicals to be authorized before publication. This requirement was lifted in 1819, but the assassination of the Duc de Berry in 1820 led to the reimposition of censorship.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Le Constitutionnel... La Minerve===&lt;br /&gt;
Founded during the Hundred Days under the title of ''L’Indépendant'', then undergoing subsequent name changes, ''Le Constitutionnel'' was a paper of liberal anticlerical Bonapartist sentiment. The title ceased publication in 1919. ''La Minerve'' was a weekly liberal periodical whose principal editor was Benjamin Constant.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Châteaubriant===&lt;br /&gt;
The town where Victor Hugo’s parents met.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===exiled in 1815... David... Arnault... Carnot===&lt;br /&gt;
An active Revolutionary (he was a member of the Convention and voted for the execution of Louis XVI), Jacques-Louis David (1748–1825), whose Death of Marat is perhaps his best-known painting, went into exile in Brussels, and is buried there. Poet, dramatist and politician, Antoine Arnault (1766–1834), minister of public education during the Hundred Days, was exiled in 1816 and his membership of the French Academy withdrawn. He was allowed to return to France in 1819 and was re-elected to the Academy in 1829. A distinguished mathematician and engineer, Lazare Carnot (1753–1823) was also a leading politician. As a member of the Convention he voted for the execution of Louis XVI, then in 1794 contributed to the downfall of Robespierre. He was the great organizer of the French Revolutionary Army, and one of the first five directors of the Directory. Appointed minister of war in 1800 by First Consul Napoleon, he resigned from public office in 1804 after Napoleon was crowned emperor but returned as minister of the interior during the Hundred Days. He was exiled in 1815 and died in Magdeburg.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Soult==Marshal Soult (1769–1851) joined the army in 1785 as a private soldier, and was appointed marshal in 1804. Having rallied to Napoleon during the Hundred Days (he was Napoleon’s chief of staff at Waterloo), he went into exile until 1819. Displaying considerable political opportunism, he was made a peer by Charles X and went on to serve under Louis-Philippe as minister of war, minister of foreign affairs, and several times as prime minister. He represented the French government at the coronation of Queen Victoria in 1838.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Descartes===&lt;br /&gt;
The philosopher René Descartes (1596–1650) went to the Netherlands in 1628 and stayed there for most of the rest of his life, making a few brief visits to France in the 1640s, then at the invitation of Queen Christina in 1649 moving to Sweden, where he died. His self-imposed exile in a Protestant country gave him the greatest possible freedom to pursue his philosophical investigations, without fear of Catholic reprisals and without the distractions of life in Paris.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Buonaparte===&lt;br /&gt;
It was a studied insult to call the Corsican-born Napoleon by his Italian surname. France took control of Corsica in 1768, and all the family eventually adopted the Gallicized version of their name.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the statue of Henri IV===&lt;br /&gt;
An equestrian statue of Henri IV was erected at the end of the Pont-Neuf in 1614. It was melted down by Revolutionaries in 1792, and replaced in 1818 with a replica commissioned by Louis XVIII.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===write to Bacot===&lt;br /&gt;
Claude-René Bacot (1782–1853), made a baron in 1816, was an undistinguished politician.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Monsieur... the Riverside Conspiracy===&lt;br /&gt;
All those arrested in 1818 for their involvement – supposedly with the encouragement of the king’s brother Monsieur, the future Charles X – in the so-called Riverside Conspiracy, including Vicomte Jean-Baptiste Chappedelaine (1741–1830) and Simon de Canuel (1767–1840), were acquitted of any royalist plot. There is no evidence that Jean-François O’Mahony (1772–1842), a French general of Irish origin who rallied to the Bourbons, was in any way connected with this incident.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Black Pin===&lt;br /&gt;
A black pin was supposed to identify members of another conspiracy, all former soldiers or army employees, who were brought to trial in 1817 but ultimately acquitted of any wrong-doing.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Delaverderie... Trogoff===&lt;br /&gt;
What is known as the 19 August 1820 (or French Bazaar) conspiracy was an alleged military plot to overthrow the government. Gauthier de Laverderie (1793–1866), then a lieutenant, and Adolphe-Édouard de Trogoff (1788–1830), a captain, were involved. A small number of defendants were found guilty and sentenced to short terms in prison.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Decazes... something of a liberal===&lt;br /&gt;
Appointed Paris prefect of police in 1815, Élie Decazes (1780–1860) was a moderate royalist who went on to become Louis XVIII’s minister of the interior and prime minister. After the murder of the Duc de Berry he was ousted by the ultra-royalists, who accused his liberalism of being responsible for the assassination.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pilorge... according to the Charter===&lt;br /&gt;
In De la monarchie selon la charte, a pamphlet in defence of the legitimacy of the 1814 Charter and of a constitutional monarchy, Chateaubriand attacked the dissolution of the notoriously reactionary but constitutionally legitimate Chamber of Deputies. This led to Chateaubriand’s fall from favour with the king, and he became a member of the ultra-royalist opposition. Hyacinthe Pilorge (1795–1861) was Chateaubriand’s secretary from 1816 to 1843.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lafon above Talma===&lt;br /&gt;
François-Joseph Talma (1763–1826), who started out as a dentist, embarked on his glorious career as an actor during the Revolution. The younger actor Pierre Lafon (1773–1846) had to make his way in Talma’s shadow, but an announcement of his appearance at the Grand Théâtre, Bordeaux, in 1814, for instance, hailed him as the ‘foremost tragic actor on the French stage’ (H. Carrington Lancaster in ‘Letters of Lafon to Napoleon, Talma and Others’, Modern Language Notes, vol. 68, no. 6, June 1953, pp. 377–82, Johns Hopkins University Press).&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Monsieur de Féletz... Hoffmann... Z===&lt;br /&gt;
A churchman who refused to take the oath of loyalty to the civil constitution, Charles-Marie de Féletz (1767–1850) was a journalist, Academician (who voted against Victor Hugo’s candidature) and literary critic, who signed his articles A. A review of Hugo’s Nouvelles Odes in 1824 in the Journal des Débats, written by François-Benoît Hoffmann (1760–1828), who signed himself Z, prompted a response from Hugo, challenging the critic’s literary criteria and the usefulness of the terms ‘classical’ and ‘Romantic’.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Charles Nodier===&lt;br /&gt;
The Romantic poet and novelist Charles Nodier (1780–1844), a regular contributor to the Journal des Débats, in 1819 published his novel Thérèse Aubert, a story set during the insurrectionary wars in the Vendée region against the Revolutionary government (1793–6). Nodier was a friend of Hugo and a prominent supporter of his candidature for a seat in the French Academy.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Divorce was abolished===&lt;br /&gt;
Divorce legislation was introduced in France in 1792. Over subsequent years the law was reformed and divorce became harder to obtain. It was abolished in 1816.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The lycées... colleges===&lt;br /&gt;
The term lycée, introduced with the educational reforms under Napoleon in 1802 and replaced &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===during the Restoration with the pre-Revolutionary name collège, was reinstated after the 1848 Revolution.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the king of Rome===&lt;br /&gt;
The courtesy title of Napoleon’s son (1811–32) by the Archduchess Marie-Louise of Austria, whom Napoleon, when he abdicated in 1815, named as his heir. (For this reason the next Bonaparte to occupy the French throne, in 1852, styled himself Napoleon III.)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Her Royal Highness Madame... Duc d’Orléans... Duc de Berry... dragoons===&lt;br /&gt;
Son altesse royale was the honorific title of the wife of the king’s brother (later Charles X), Marie Thérèse of Savoy. The future king Louis-Philippe, from a cadet branch of the Bourbons, inherited the title of Duc d’Orléans and the command of the hussars from his father, who was guillotined in 1793. Charles X’s younger son, the Duc de Berry, was colonel-general of the lancers, not the dragoons, whose colonel-general was his older brother the Duc d’Angoulême.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Les Invalides===&lt;br /&gt;
Louis XIV was the founder of Les Invalides, built as a hospital and home for veteran soldiers. The church of the Dome, a private royal chapel within the complex, designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart (1646–1708), was completed in 1706. Under Napoleon the Dome became the pantheon of France’s military heroes. Napoleon’s ashes were transferred there in 1840.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Monsieur de Trinquelague===&lt;br /&gt;
Charles-François de Trinquelague-Dions (1747–1837), a right-wing deputy, in 1815 backed a call for the reintroduction of the gibbet as a more convenient and less complicated instrument of capital punishment than the guillotine. ‘Where would one not be able to find a piece of string? Everyone carries one in his pocket, and there is always a nail, a beam or the branch of a tree to which it may be attached.’&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Clausel de Montals... de Coussergues===&lt;br /&gt;
Clausel de Montals (1769–1857), bishop of Chartres (1824–53), was chaplain to the Duchesse d’Angoulême. His brother Clausel de Coussergues, a zealous supporter of the Bourbons who accused the moderate prime minister Decazes of being accomplice to the murder of the Duc de Berry, shared his Catholic royalist views.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Monsieur de Salaberry===&lt;br /&gt;
Charles-Marie d’Irumberry Salaberry (1766–1847) was notoriously intemperate in his views and his language in the Chamber of Deputies. In 1816 he advocated the death penalty for anyone who flew the tricolour flag and in 1826 declared that ‘printing was the only plague with which Moses forgot to strike Egypt’.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Picard... Les Deux Philibert===&lt;br /&gt;
Actor, theatre manager and playwright Louis-Benoît Picard (1769–1828), author of Les Deux Philibert (The Two Philiberts), a comedy first staged at the Théâtre Royal de l’Odéon in 1816, was elected to the French Academy in 1807. The great comic playwright Molière (1622–73) was never a member.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cugnet de Montarlot===&lt;br /&gt;
One of those accused of taking part in the Black Pin conspiracy and in a number of other plots and conspiracies against the government but always eventually acquitted, Claude-François Cugnet de Montarlot (1778–1824) ended up being court-martialled and shot in Spain for his involvement with Spanish revolutionaries.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fabvier===&lt;br /&gt;
General Charles-Nicolas Fabvier (1782–1855), who was active in the later campaigns of the Empire, rallied to Louis XVIII, but like many ex-soldiers became disaffected and was involved in the 19 August 1820 conspiracy (see note p. 1318 on Delaverderie... Trogoff). In 1823 he joined the Greeks in their War of Independence against the Turks.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Bavoux===&lt;br /&gt;
Initially in favour of the return of the Bourbons, Nicolas Bavoux (1774–1848) was a law professor and judge who in 1819 began to use his lectures as a platform for criticism of the government. He was charged with inciting citizens to disobey the law, but was acquitted.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Voltaire of the French Academy===&lt;br /&gt;
Voltaire was eventually elected unanimously to the Academy in 1746, having faced strong religious opposition to his candidature earlier in his career.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Charles Loyson===&lt;br /&gt;
Poet and political essayist Charles Loyson (1791–1820) competed in the same poetry competition as Victor Hugo in 1817 and won a commendation.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cardinal Fesch===&lt;br /&gt;
After the Restoration, Fesch retired to Rome and never returned to his archdiocese, which was run in his absence by Archbishop Pins.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the valley of Dappes... Dufour===&lt;br /&gt;
Originally part of the Swiss canton of Vaud, the Dappes valley was annexed by Napoleon, and despite rulings made by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 for its restitution a final settlement was not reached until 1863, when it was divided between Switzerland and France. The Swiss-born Guillaume-Henri Dufour (1787–1875) served under Napoleon, then rejoined the Swiss army as captain in 1817. As general, he was involved in the ratification of the Treaty of Berne by which the Valley of Dappes Settlement was reached.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saint-Simon===&lt;br /&gt;
An aristocrat by birth, Claude-Henri de Rouvroy, Comte de Saint-Simon (1760–1825), embraced revolutionary ideals, taking part in the American War of Independence. He held Jacobin views during the French Revolution, but within the context of an ordered society governed by a scientific and industrialist hierarchy working together in the spirit of a new religion that recognized the moral value of economics. His ideas gained influence after his death.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Fourier===&lt;br /&gt;
The physicist Joseph Fourier (1768–1830), author of The Analytic Theory of Heat (1822), was elected to the Academy of Sciences in 1817 and to the French Academy in 1826. He was Napoleon’s scientific adviser in Egypt. Charles Fourier (1772–1837), author of The Theory of Universal Unity (1841), published after his death (as were most of his writings), like Saint-Simon was a Utopian socialist.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lord Byron===&lt;br /&gt;
George Gordon Byron, 6th Baron Byron (1788–1824) is the subject of Victor Hugo’s poem ‘Dédain’ (Disdain), written in 1830 and dedicated ‘To Byron in 1811’, in which he celebrates the poet whose genius would triumph over the clamour of his detractors. Byron’s poetic career began in earnest in 1812 with the publication of Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage Cantos I and II, continuing with, among other works, his verse tales The Giaour (1813), The Bride of Abydos (1813) and The Corsair (1814), then Childe Harold Canto III in 1816. Don Juan Cantos I and II were first published, anonymously, in 1819. French translations of extracts of his works appeared from 1816.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Millevoye===&lt;br /&gt;
The Romantic poet Charles Millevoye (1782–1816), whose best-known poem is ‘La Chute des Feuilles’ (Falling Leaves), on which the young Charlotte Brontë wrote in one of her early essays. He referred to ‘Lord Baron’ in a note to his poem ‘Alfred, roi d’Angleterre’, published in 1815.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===David d’Angers===&lt;br /&gt;
The sculptor David d’Angers (1789–1856) made several busts of Victor Hugo, by whom he was much admired. Like Hugo, he went into exile after the 1851 coup d’état by Louis-Napoleon.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abbé Carron===&lt;br /&gt;
Guy-Toussaint Carron (1760–1821), an émigré priest who set up charitable foundations for French émigrés first in Jersey, then in London, returned to Paris after the Restoration and ran an orphanage for the children of aristocratic families ruined by the Revolution. He first met Lamennais (see entry below) in London.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Lamennais===&lt;br /&gt;
Félicité-Robert de Lamennais (1782–1854), ordained as a priest in 1816, was an apologist of ultramontanism as opposed to Gallicanism. He defended this position in numerous journals and periodicals, including Le Drapeau Blanc, an ultra-royalist publication, although politically and socially he was a liberal and increasingly radical in his views. He came to regard the papacy as misguided in its support of politically repressive regimes, and his writings were condemned by Pope Gregory XVI. In 1848 he was elected a deputy and allied himself with the democratic socialists. As unpopular with the government as he was with the Roman Catholic Church, he was revered by the common people and admired by Hugo.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===steamboat===&lt;br /&gt;
In August 1816 Jouffroy d’Abbans (1751–1832), who as early as 1783 successfully trialled his invention the pyroscaphe, a prototype steamboat, on the Saône, launched the Charles-Philippe steamboat on the Seine. (His was not the first steamboat on the Seine – that honour went in 1803 to the American Robert Fulton, who returned to America and had a successful career designing steamboats and running steamboat services.)&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Monsieur de Vaublanc===&lt;br /&gt;
As minister of the interior under Louis XVIII, the Comte de Vaublanc (1756–1845) was responsible for the restructuring of the French Institute under which the Academies were reinstated as independent bodies within the Institute. He was not himself appointed to the Academy.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the Pavillon de Marsan... Monsieur Delavau===&lt;br /&gt;
The Pavillon de Marsan is the part of the Louvre Palace that was occupied after the Restoration by Louis XVIII’s brother the arch-royalist Comte d’Artois, later Charles X, and his son the Duc de Berry. The ultra-royalist Guy Delavau (1788–1874) was prefect of police 1821–8.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Dupuytren... Récamier... Cuvier===&lt;br /&gt;
Chief surgeon at the Hôtel-Dieu and professor of clinical surgery, Guillaume Dupuytren (1777–1835), who played an important role in the development of modern surgery, was an alleged atheist. A pioneer in gynaecological and surgical medicine, chief physician at the Hôtel-Dieu, professor at the Faculty of Medicine and at the Collège de France, Joseph Récamier (1774–1852) cultivated a social circle of fellow Catholic intellectuals. A devout Lutheran, Georges Cuvier (1769–1828) was a naturalist and zoologist who made a major contribution to palaeontological research but was critical of contemporary evolutionary theories.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===François de Neufchâteau... Parmentier===&lt;br /&gt;
President of the National Assembly 1791–2, member of the Directory, twice minister of the interior, president of the Senate and member of the French Academy, François de Neufchâteau (1750–1828) actively promoted industry, organizing the first French industrial exhibition in 1798; after the Bourbon Restoration and his retirement from public life, he devoted himself to the study of agriculture. Inspector-general of the armed forces’ health service, Antoine-Augustin Parmentier (1737–1813) is best known as a great promoter of the potato (pomme de terre) as a source of nutrition.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Abbé Grégoire===&lt;br /&gt;
A Republican priest and for ten years (1791–1801) bishop of Blois, Abbé Grégoire (1750–1831) was a member of the National Convention; he proposed the motion for the abolition of the monarchy and demanded that the king be brought to trial, but he would have suspended the death penalty.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Royer-Collard===&lt;br /&gt;
Elected to the French Academy in 1827, Pierre-Paul Royer-Collard (1763–1845) led a campaign for the suppression of the neologism baser (‘to base’), which had been accepted as a French word in the Dictionnaire de l’Académie of 1798; he threatened to leave the Academy if baser were not thrown out: ‘S’il entre, je sors’ (‘If it’s in, I’m out’). It was rejected on the grounds that there was no significant difference between baser and the preferred word fonder (Adolphe Thomas, Dictionnaire des difficultés de la langue française, Paris: Larousse, 1988). In Hugo’s text the expression to which Royer-Collard takes exception is ‘passer à l’état de’.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Pont d’Iéna... Blücher===&lt;br /&gt;
When the Allies occupied Paris after the abdication of Napoleon in 1814, the Prussian commander Blücher (whose troops were to play a decisive role in the battle of Waterloo) attempted to blow up the Pont d’Iéna, one of the four bridges in Paris built during the Napoleonic era and named after Napoleon’s great victory over the Prussians at Jena in 1806. Blücher was eventually dissuaded from this attempt to even scores, and the bridge was temporarily renamed the ‘Pont des Invalides’. It regained its original name in 1830.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===deserters from Ligny and Quatre-Bras===&lt;br /&gt;
Napoleon’s strategy before the battle of Waterloo, fought on 18 June 1815, was to avoid having to face combined Allied forces. So two days before, he launched attacks on the Prussians at Ligny and on the English at Quatre-Bras. The French failed to win a decisive victory at Quatre-Bras; and although the Prussians were defeated, they were able to retreat to a position where they could still play a crucial role in the engagement at Waterloo. There was a considerable number of Prussian deserters, but there are no figures for the French.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_4&amp;diff=121</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_4&amp;diff=121"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:57:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 4: Works Corresponding to Words&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un Juste, Chapitre 4: Les &amp;amp;oelig;uvres semblables aux paroles)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
Sa conversation &amp;amp;eacute;tait affable et gaie. Il se mettait &amp;amp;agrave; la port&amp;amp;eacute;e des deux vieilles femmes qui passaient leur vie pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de lui; quand il riait, c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait le rire d'un &amp;amp;eacute;colier.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire l'appelait volontiers ''Votre Grandeur''. Un jour, il se leva de son fauteuil et alla &amp;amp;agrave; sa biblioth&amp;amp;egrave;que chercher un livre. Ce livre &amp;amp;eacute;tait sur un des rayons d'en haut. Comme l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;tait d'assez petite taille, il ne put y atteindre.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Madame Magloire, dit-il, apportez-moi une chaise. Ma grandeur ne va pas jusqu'&amp;amp;agrave; cette planche.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une de ses parentes &amp;amp;eacute;loign&amp;amp;eacute;es, madame la comtesse de L&amp;amp;ocirc;, laissait rarement &amp;amp;eacute;chapper une occasion d'&amp;amp;eacute;num&amp;amp;eacute;rer en sa pr&amp;amp;eacute;sence ce qu'elle appelait &amp;amp;laquo;les esp&amp;amp;eacute;rances&amp;amp;raquo; de ses trois fils. Elle avait plusieurs ascendants fort vieux et proches de la mort dont ses fils &amp;amp;eacute;taient naturellement les h&amp;amp;eacute;ritiers. Le plus jeune des trois avait &amp;amp;agrave; recueillir d'une grand'tante cent bonnes mille livres de rentes; le deuxi&amp;amp;egrave;me &amp;amp;eacute;tait substitu&amp;amp;eacute; au titre de duc de son oncle; l'a&amp;amp;icirc;n&amp;amp;eacute; devait succ&amp;amp;eacute;der &amp;amp;agrave; la pairie de son a&amp;amp;iuml;eul. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;coutait habituellement en silence ces innocents et pardonnables &amp;amp;eacute;talages maternels. Une fois pourtant, il paraissait plus r&amp;amp;ecirc;veur que de coutume, tandis que madame de L&amp;amp;ocirc; renouvelait le d&amp;amp;eacute;tail de toutes ces successions et de toutes ces &amp;amp;laquo;esp&amp;amp;eacute;rances&amp;amp;raquo;. Elle s'interrompit avec quelque impatience:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Mon Dieu, mon cousin! mais &amp;amp;agrave; quoi songez-vous donc?&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je songe, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, &amp;amp;agrave; quelque chose de singulier qui est, je crois, dans saint Augustin: &amp;amp;laquo;Mettez votre esp&amp;amp;eacute;rance dans celui auquel on ne succ&amp;amp;egrave;de point.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Une autre fois, recevant une lettre de faire-part du d&amp;amp;eacute;c&amp;amp;egrave;s d'un gentilhomme du pays, o&amp;amp;ugrave; s'&amp;amp;eacute;talaient en une longue page, outre les dignit&amp;amp;eacute;s du d&amp;amp;eacute;funt, toutes les qualifications f&amp;amp;eacute;odales et nobiliaires de tous ses parents:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quel bon dos a la mort! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria-t-il. Quelle admirable charge de titres on lui fait all&amp;amp;egrave;grement porter, et comme il faut que les hommes aient de l'esprit pour employer ainsi la tombe &amp;amp;agrave; la vanit&amp;amp;eacute;!&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il avait dans l'occasion une raillerie douce qui contenait presque toujours un sens s&amp;amp;eacute;rieux. Pendant un car&amp;amp;ecirc;me, un jeune vicaire vint &amp;amp;agrave; Digne et pr&amp;amp;ecirc;cha dans la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale. Il fut assez &amp;amp;eacute;loquent. Le sujet de son sermon &amp;amp;eacute;tait la charit&amp;amp;eacute;. Il invita les riches &amp;amp;agrave; donner aux indigents, afin d'&amp;amp;eacute;viter l'enfer qu'il peignit le plus effroyable qu'il put et de gagner le paradis qu'il fit d&amp;amp;eacute;sirable et charmant. Il y avait dans l'auditoire un riche marchand retir&amp;amp;eacute;, un peu usurier, nomm&amp;amp;eacute; M. G&amp;amp;eacute;borand, lequel avait gagn&amp;amp;eacute; un demi-million &amp;amp;agrave; fabriquer de gros draps, des serges, des cadis et des gasquets. De sa vie M. G&amp;amp;eacute;borand n'avait fait l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;ne &amp;amp;agrave; un malheureux. &amp;amp;Agrave; partir de ce sermon, on remarqua qu'il donnait tous les dimanches un sou aux vieilles mendiantes du portail de la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale. Elles &amp;amp;eacute;taient six &amp;amp;agrave; se partager cela. Un jour, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que le vit faisant sa charit&amp;amp;eacute; et dit &amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur avec un sourire:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Voil&amp;amp;agrave; monsieur G&amp;amp;eacute;borand qui ach&amp;amp;egrave;te pour un sou de paradis.&lt;br /&gt;
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Quand il s'agissait de charit&amp;amp;eacute;, il ne se rebutait pas, m&amp;amp;ecirc;me devant un refus, et il trouvait alors des mots qui faisaient r&amp;amp;eacute;fl&amp;amp;eacute;chir. Une fois, il qu&amp;amp;ecirc;tait pour les pauvres dans un salon de la ville. Il y avait l&amp;amp;agrave; le marquis de Champtercier, vieux, riche, avare, lequel trouvait moyen d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre tout ensemble ultra-royaliste et ultra-voltairien. Cette vari&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; a exist&amp;amp;eacute;. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, arriv&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; lui, lui toucha le bras.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le marquis, il faut que vous me donniez quelque chose.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le marquis se retourna et r&amp;amp;eacute;pondit s&amp;amp;egrave;chement:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Monseigneur, j'ai mes pauvres.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Donnez-les-moi, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
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Un jour, dans la cath&amp;amp;eacute;drale, il fit ce sermon.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;laquo;Mes tr&amp;amp;egrave;s chers fr&amp;amp;egrave;res, mes bons amis, il y a en France treize cent vingt mille maisons de paysans qui n'ont que trois ouvertures, dix-huit cent dix-sept mille qui ont deux ouvertures, la porte et une fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tre, et enfin trois cent quarante-six mille cabanes qui n'ont qu'une ouverture, la porte. Et cela, &amp;amp;agrave; cause d'une chose qu'on appelle l'imp&amp;amp;ocirc;t des portes et fen&amp;amp;ecirc;tres. Mettez-moi de pauvres familles, des vieilles femmes, des petits enfants, dans ces logis-l&amp;amp;agrave;, et voyez les fi&amp;amp;egrave;vres et les maladies. H&amp;amp;eacute;las! Dieu donne l'air aux hommes, la loi le leur vend. Je n'accuse pas la loi, mais je b&amp;amp;eacute;nis Dieu. Dans l'Is&amp;amp;egrave;re, dans le Var, dans les deux Alpes, les hautes et les basses, les paysans n'ont pas m&amp;amp;ecirc;me de brouettes, ils transportent les engrais &amp;amp;agrave; dos d'hommes; ils n'ont pas de chandelles, et ils br&amp;amp;ucirc;lent des b&amp;amp;acirc;tons r&amp;amp;eacute;sineux et des bouts de corde tremp&amp;amp;eacute;s dans la poix r&amp;amp;eacute;sine. C'est comme cela dans tout le pays haut du Dauphin&amp;amp;eacute;. Ils font le pain pour six mois, ils le font cuire avec de la bouse de vache s&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute;e. L'hiver, ils cassent ce pain &amp;amp;agrave; coups de hache et ils le font tremper dans l'eau vingt-quatre heures pour pouvoir le manger.&amp;amp;mdash;Mes fr&amp;amp;egrave;res, ayez piti&amp;amp;eacute;! voyez comme on souffre autour de vous.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
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N&amp;amp;eacute; proven&amp;amp;ccedil;al, il s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait facilement familiaris&amp;amp;eacute; avec tous les patois du midi. Il disait: &amp;amp;laquo;''Eh b&amp;amp;eacute;! moussu, s&amp;amp;egrave;s sag&amp;amp;eacute;?''&amp;amp;raquo; comme dans le bas Languedoc. &amp;amp;laquo;''Ont&amp;amp;eacute; anaras passa?''&amp;amp;raquo; comme dans les basses Alpes. &amp;amp;laquo;''Puerte un bouen moutou embe un bouen froumage grase''&amp;amp;raquo;, comme dans le haut Dauphin&amp;amp;eacute;. Ceci plaisait au peuple, et n'avait pas peu contribu&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; lui donner acc&amp;amp;egrave;s pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de tous les esprits. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait dans la chaumi&amp;amp;egrave;re et dans la montagne comme chez lui. Il savait dire les choses les plus grandes dans les idiomes les plus vulgaires. Parlant toutes les langues, il entrait dans toutes les &amp;amp;acirc;mes. Du reste, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait le m&amp;amp;ecirc;me pour les gens du monde et pour les gens du peuple. Il ne condamnait rien h&amp;amp;acirc;tivement, et sans tenir compte des circonstances environnantes. Il disait:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Voyons le chemin par o&amp;amp;ugrave; la faute a pass&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;Eacute;tant, comme il se qualifiait lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me en souriant, un ''ex-p&amp;amp;eacute;cheur'', il n'avait aucun des escarpements du rigorisme, et il professait assez haut, et sans le froncement de sourcil des vertueux f&amp;amp;eacute;roces, une doctrine qu'on pourrait r&amp;amp;eacute;sumer &amp;amp;agrave; peu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s ainsi:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;laquo;L'homme a sur lui la chair qui est tout &amp;amp;agrave; la fois son fardeau et sa tentation. Il la tra&amp;amp;icirc;ne et lui c&amp;amp;egrave;de.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;laquo;Il doit la surveiller, la contenir, la r&amp;amp;eacute;primer, et ne lui ob&amp;amp;eacute;ir qu'&amp;amp;agrave; la derni&amp;amp;egrave;re extr&amp;amp;eacute;mit&amp;amp;eacute;. Dans cette ob&amp;amp;eacute;issance-l&amp;amp;agrave;, il peut encore y avoir de la faute; mais la faute, ainsi faite, est v&amp;amp;eacute;nielle. C'est une chute, mais une chute sur les genoux, qui peut s'achever en pri&amp;amp;egrave;re.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;laquo;&amp;amp;Ecirc;tre un saint, c'est l'exception; &amp;amp;ecirc;tre un juste, c'est la r&amp;amp;egrave;gle. Errez, d&amp;amp;eacute;faillez, p&amp;amp;eacute;chez, mais soyez des justes.&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;laquo;Le moins de p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; possible, c'est la loi de l'homme. Pas de p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; du tout est le r&amp;amp;ecirc;ve de l'ange. Tout ce qui est terrestre est soumis au p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute;. Le p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; est une gravitation.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
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Quand il voyait tout le monde crier bien fort et s'indigner bien vite:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Oh! oh! disait-il en souriant, il y a apparence que ceci est un gros crime que tout le monde commet. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; les hypocrisies effar&amp;amp;eacute;es qui se d&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;ecirc;chent de protester et de se mettre &amp;amp;agrave; couvert.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait indulgent pour les femmes et les pauvres sur qui p&amp;amp;egrave;se le poids de la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; humaine. Il disait:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Les fautes des femmes, des enfants, des serviteurs, des faibles, des indigents et des ignorants sont la faute des maris, des p&amp;amp;egrave;res, des ma&amp;amp;icirc;tres, des forts, des riches et des savants.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il disait encore:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; ceux qui ignorent, enseignez-leur le plus de choses que vous pourrez; la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; est coupable de ne pas donner l'instruction gratis; elle r&amp;amp;eacute;pond de la nuit qu'elle produit. Cette &amp;amp;acirc;me est pleine d'ombre, le p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute; s'y commet. Le coupable n'est pas celui qui y fait le p&amp;amp;eacute;ch&amp;amp;eacute;, mais celui qui y a fait l'ombre.&lt;br /&gt;
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Comme on voit, il avait une mani&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;trange et &amp;amp;agrave; lui de juger les choses. Je soup&amp;amp;ccedil;onne qu'il avait pris cela dans l'&amp;amp;eacute;vangile.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il entendit un jour conter dans un salon un proc&amp;amp;egrave;s criminel qu'on instruisait et qu'on allait juger. Un mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable homme, par amour pour une femme et pour l'enfant qu'il avait d'elle, &amp;amp;agrave; bout de ressources, avait fait de la fausse monnaie. La fausse monnaie &amp;amp;eacute;tait encore punie de mort &amp;amp;agrave; cette &amp;amp;eacute;poque. La femme avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; arr&amp;amp;ecirc;t&amp;amp;eacute;e &amp;amp;eacute;mettant la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re pi&amp;amp;egrave;ce fausse fabriqu&amp;amp;eacute;e par l'homme. On la tenait, mais on n'avait de preuves que contre elle. Elle seule pouvait charger son amant et le perdre en avouant. Elle nia. On insista. Elle s'obstina &amp;amp;agrave; nier. Sur ce, le procureur du roi avait eu une id&amp;amp;eacute;e. Il avait suppos&amp;amp;eacute; une infid&amp;amp;eacute;lit&amp;amp;eacute; de l'amant, et &amp;amp;eacute;tait parvenu, avec des fragments de lettres savamment pr&amp;amp;eacute;sent&amp;amp;eacute;s, &amp;amp;agrave; persuader &amp;amp;agrave; la malheureuse qu'elle avait une rivale et que cet homme la trompait. Alors, exasp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;e de jalousie, elle avait d&amp;amp;eacute;nonc&amp;amp;eacute; son amant, tout avou&amp;amp;eacute;, tout prouv&amp;amp;eacute;. L'homme &amp;amp;eacute;tait perdu. Il allait &amp;amp;ecirc;tre prochainement jug&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; Aix avec sa complice. On racontait le fait, et chacun s'extasiait sur l'habilet&amp;amp;eacute; du magistrat. En mettant la jalousie en jeu, il avait fait jaillir la v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute; par la col&amp;amp;egrave;re, il avait fait sortir la justice de la vengeance. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;coutait tout cela en silence. Quand ce fut fini, il demanda:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;O&amp;amp;ugrave; jugera-t-on cet homme et cette femme?&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;Agrave; la cour d'assises.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il reprit:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Et o&amp;amp;ugrave; jugera-t-on monsieur le procureur du roi?&lt;br /&gt;
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Il arriva &amp;amp;agrave; Digne une aventure tragique. Un homme fut condamn&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; mort pour meurtre. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un malheureux pas tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait lettr&amp;amp;eacute;, pas tout &amp;amp;agrave; fait ignorant, qui avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; bateleur dans les foires et &amp;amp;eacute;crivain public. Le proc&amp;amp;egrave;s occupa beaucoup la ville. La veille du jour fix&amp;amp;eacute; pour l'ex&amp;amp;eacute;cution du condamn&amp;amp;eacute;, l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;nier de la prison tomba malade. Il fallait un pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pour assister le patient &amp;amp;agrave; ses derniers moments. On alla chercher le cur&amp;amp;eacute;. Il para&amp;amp;icirc;t qu'il refusa en disant: Cela ne me regarde pas. Je n'ai que faire de cette corv&amp;amp;eacute;e et de ce saltimbanque; moi aussi, je suis malade; d'ailleurs ce n'est pas l&amp;amp;agrave; ma place. On rapporta cette r&amp;amp;eacute;ponse &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que qui dit:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le cur&amp;amp;eacute; a raison. Ce n'est pas sa place, c'est la mienne.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il alla sur-le-champ &amp;amp;agrave; la prison, il descendit au cabanon du &amp;amp;laquo;saltimbanque&amp;amp;raquo;, il l'appela par son nom, lui prit la main et lui parla. Il passa toute la journ&amp;amp;eacute;e et toute la nuit pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de lui, oubliant la nourriture et le sommeil, priant Dieu pour l'&amp;amp;acirc;me du condamn&amp;amp;eacute; et priant le condamn&amp;amp;eacute; pour la sienne propre. Il lui dit les meilleures v&amp;amp;eacute;rit&amp;amp;eacute;s qui sont les plus simples. Il fut p&amp;amp;egrave;re, fr&amp;amp;egrave;re, ami; &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que pour b&amp;amp;eacute;nir seulement. Il lui enseigna tout, en le rassurant et en le consolant. Cet homme allait mourir d&amp;amp;eacute;sesp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;. La mort &amp;amp;eacute;tait pour lui comme un ab&amp;amp;icirc;me. Debout et fr&amp;amp;eacute;missant sur ce seuil lugubre, il reculait avec horreur. Il n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait pas assez ignorant pour &amp;amp;ecirc;tre absolument indiff&amp;amp;eacute;rent. Sa condamnation, secousse profonde, avait en quelque sorte rompu &amp;amp;ccedil;&amp;amp;agrave; et l&amp;amp;agrave; autour de lui cette cloison qui nous s&amp;amp;eacute;pare du myst&amp;amp;egrave;re des choses et que nous appelons la vie. Il regardait sans cesse au dehors de ce monde par ces br&amp;amp;egrave;ches fatales, et ne voyait que des t&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;egrave;bres. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que lui fit voir une clart&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le lendemain, quand on vint chercher le malheureux, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;tait l&amp;amp;agrave;. Il le suivit. Il se montra aux yeux de la foule en camail violet et avec sa croix &amp;amp;eacute;piscopale au cou, c&amp;amp;ocirc;te &amp;amp;agrave; c&amp;amp;ocirc;te avec ce mis&amp;amp;eacute;rable li&amp;amp;eacute; de cordes.&lt;br /&gt;
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Il monta sur la charrette avec lui, il monta sur l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud avec lui. Le patient, si morne et si accabl&amp;amp;eacute; la veille, &amp;amp;eacute;tait rayonnant. Il sentait que son &amp;amp;acirc;me &amp;amp;eacute;tait r&amp;amp;eacute;concili&amp;amp;eacute;e et il esp&amp;amp;eacute;rait Dieu. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que l'embrassa, et, au moment o&amp;amp;ugrave; le couteau allait tomber, il lui dit:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Celui que l'homme tue, Dieu le ressuscite; celui que les fr&amp;amp;egrave;res chassent retrouve le P&amp;amp;egrave;re. Priez, croyez, entrez dans la vie! le P&amp;amp;egrave;re est l&amp;amp;agrave;.&lt;br /&gt;
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Quand il redescendit de l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud, il avait quelque chose dans son regard qui fit ranger le peuple. On ne savait ce qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait le plus admirable de sa p&amp;amp;acirc;leur ou de sa s&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;nit&amp;amp;eacute;. En rentrant &amp;amp;agrave; cet humble logis qu'il appelait en souriant son palais, il dit &amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Je viens d'officier pontificalement.&lt;br /&gt;
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Comme les choses les plus sublimes sont souvent aussi les choses les moins comprises, il y eut dans la ville des gens qui dirent, en commentant cette conduite de l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que: &amp;amp;laquo;C'est de l'affectation.&amp;amp;raquo; Ceci ne fut du reste qu'un propos de salons. Le peuple, qui n'entend pas malice aux actions saintes, fut attendri et admira.&lt;br /&gt;
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Quant &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, avoir vu la guillotine fut pour lui un choc, et il fut longtemps &amp;amp;agrave; s'en remettre.&lt;br /&gt;
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L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud, en effet, quand il est l&amp;amp;agrave;, dress&amp;amp;eacute; et debout, a quelque chose qui hallucine. On peut avoir une certaine indiff&amp;amp;eacute;rence sur la peine de mort, ne point se prononcer, dire oui et non, tant qu'on n'a pas vu de ses yeux une guillotine; mais si l'on en rencontre une, la secousse est violente, il faut se d&amp;amp;eacute;cider et prendre parti pour ou contre. Les uns admirent, comme de Maistre; les autres ex&amp;amp;egrave;crent, comme Beccaria. La guillotine est la concr&amp;amp;eacute;tion de la loi; elle se nomme ''vindicte;'' elle n'est pas neutre, et ne vous permet pas de rester neutre. Qui l'aper&amp;amp;ccedil;oit frissonne du plus myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieux des frissons. Toutes les questions sociales dressent autour de ce couperet leur point d'interrogation. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud est vision. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud n'est pas une charpente, l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud n'est pas une machine, l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud n'est pas une m&amp;amp;eacute;canique inerte faite de bois, de fer et de cordes. Il semble que ce soit une sorte d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre qui a je ne sais quelle sombre initiative; on dirait que cette charpente voit, que cette machine entend, que cette m&amp;amp;eacute;canique comprend, que ce bois, ce fer et ces cordes veulent. Dans la r&amp;amp;ecirc;verie affreuse o&amp;amp;ugrave; sa pr&amp;amp;eacute;sence jette l'&amp;amp;acirc;me, l'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud appara&amp;amp;icirc;t terrible et se m&amp;amp;ecirc;lant de ce qu'il fait. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud est le complice du bourreau; il d&amp;amp;eacute;vore; il mange de la chair, il boit du sang. L'&amp;amp;eacute;chafaud est une sorte de monstre fabriqu&amp;amp;eacute; par le juge et par le charpentier, un spectre qui semble vivre d'une esp&amp;amp;egrave;ce de vie &amp;amp;eacute;pouvantable faite de toute la mort qu'il a donn&amp;amp;eacute;e.&lt;br /&gt;
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Aussi l'impression fut-elle horrible et profonde; le lendemain de l'ex&amp;amp;eacute;cution et beaucoup de jours encore apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que parut accabl&amp;amp;eacute;. La s&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;nit&amp;amp;eacute; presque violente du moment fun&amp;amp;egrave;bre avait disparu: le fant&amp;amp;ocirc;me de la justice sociale l'obs&amp;amp;eacute;dait. Lui qui d'ordinaire revenait de toutes ses actions avec une satisfaction si rayonnante, il semblait qu'il se f&amp;amp;icirc;t un reproche. Par moments, il se parlait &amp;amp;agrave; lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, et b&amp;amp;eacute;gayait &amp;amp;agrave; demi-voix des monologues lugubres. En voici un que sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur entendit un soir et recueillit:&lt;br /&gt;
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&amp;amp;mdash;Je ne croyais pas que cela f&amp;amp;ucirc;t si monstrueux. C'est un tort de s'absorber dans la loi divine au point de ne plus s'apercevoir de la loi humaine. La mort n'appartient qu'&amp;amp;agrave; Dieu. De quel droit les hommes touchent-ils &amp;amp;agrave; cette chose inconnue?&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Avec le temps ces impressions s'att&amp;amp;eacute;nu&amp;amp;egrave;rent, et probablement s'effac&amp;amp;egrave;rent. Cependant on remarqua que l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;vitait d&amp;amp;eacute;sormais de passer sur la place des ex&amp;amp;eacute;cutions. On pouvait appeler M. Myriel &amp;amp;agrave; toute heure au chevet des malades et des mourants. Il n'ignorait pas que l&amp;amp;agrave; &amp;amp;eacute;tait son plus grand devoir et son plus grand travail. Les familles veuves ou orphelines n'avaient pas besoin de le demander, il arrivait de lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me. Il savait s'asseoir et se taire de longues heures aupr&amp;amp;egrave;s de l'homme qui avait perdu la femme qu'il aimait, de la m&amp;amp;egrave;re qui avait perdu son enfant. Comme il savait le moment de se taire, il savait aussi le moment de parler. &amp;amp;Ocirc; admirable consolateur! il ne cherchait pas &amp;amp;agrave; effacer la douleur par l'oubli, mais &amp;amp;agrave; l'agrandir et &amp;amp;agrave; la dignifier par l'esp&amp;amp;eacute;rance. Il disait:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Prenez garde &amp;amp;agrave; la fa&amp;amp;ccedil;on dont vous vous tournez vers les morts. Ne songez pas &amp;amp;agrave; ce qui pourrit. Regardez fixement. Vous apercevrez la lueur vivante de votre mort bien-aim&amp;amp;eacute; au fond du ciel.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Il savait que la croyance est saine. Il cherchait &amp;amp;agrave; conseiller et &amp;amp;agrave; calmer l'homme d&amp;amp;eacute;sesp&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute; en lui indiquant du doigt l'homme r&amp;amp;eacute;sign&amp;amp;eacute;, et &amp;amp;agrave; transformer la douleur qui regarde une fosse en lui montrant la douleur qui regarde une &amp;amp;eacute;toile.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
His conversation was gay and affable. He put himself on a level with the two old women who had passed their lives beside him. When he laughed, it was the laugh of a schoolboy. Madame Magloire liked to call him Your Grace [Votre Grandeur]. One day he rose from his arm-chair, and went to his library in search of a book. This book was on one of the upper shelves. As the bishop was rather short of stature, he could not reach it. &amp;quot;Madame Magloire,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;fetch me a chair. My greatness [grandeur] does not reach as far as that shelf.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One of his distant relatives, Madame la Comtesse de Lo, rarely allowed an opportunity to escape of enumerating, in his presence, what she designated as &amp;quot;the expectations&amp;quot; of her three sons. She had numerous relatives, who were very old and near to death, and of whom her sons were the natural heirs. The youngest of the three was to receive from a grand-aunt a good hundred thousand livres of income; the second was the heir by entail to the title of the Duke, his uncle; the eldest was to succeed to the peerage of his grandfather. The Bishop was accustomed to listen in silence to these innocent and pardonable maternal boasts. On one occasion, however, he appeared to be more thoughtful than usual, while Madame de Lo was relating once again the details of all these inheritances and all these &amp;quot;expectations.&amp;quot; She interrupted herself impatiently: &amp;quot;Mon Dieu, cousin! What are you thinking about?&amp;quot; &amp;quot;I am thinking,&amp;quot; replied the Bishop, &amp;quot;of a singular remark, which is to be found, I believe, in St. Augustine,&amp;amp;mdash;'Place your hopes in the man from whom you do not inherit.'&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
At another time, on receiving a notification of the decease of a gentleman of the country-side, wherein not only the dignities of the dead man, but also the feudal and noble qualifications of all his relatives, spread over an entire page: &amp;quot;What a stout back Death has!&amp;quot; he exclaimed. &amp;quot;What a strange burden of titles is cheerfully imposed on him, and how much wit must men have, in order thus to press the tomb into the service of vanity!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He was gifted, on occasion, with a gentle raillery, which almost always concealed a serious meaning. In the course of one Lent, a youthful vicar came to D&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;mdash;, and preached in the cathedral. He was tolerably eloquent. The subject of his sermon was charity. He urged the rich to give to the poor, in order to avoid hell, which he depicted in the most frightful manner of which he was capable, and to win paradise, which he represented as charming and desirable. Among the audience there was a wealthy retired merchant, who was somewhat of a usurer, named M. Geborand, who had amassed two millions in the manufacture of coarse cloth, serges, and woollen galloons. Never in his whole life had M. Geborand bestowed alms on any poor wretch. After the delivery of that sermon, it was observed that he gave a sou every Sunday to the poor old beggar-women at the door of the cathedral. There were six of them to share it. One day the Bishop caught sight of him in the act of bestowing this charity, and said to his sister, with a smile, &amp;quot;There is M. Geborand purchasing paradise for a sou.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When it was a question of charity, he was not to be rebuffed even by a refusal, and on such occasions he gave utterance to remarks which induced reflection. Once he was begging for the poor in a drawing-room of the town; there was present the Marquis de Champtercier, a wealthy and avaricious old man, who contrived to be, at one and the same time, an ultra-royalist and an ultra-Voltairian. This variety of man has actually existed. When the Bishop came to him, he touched his arm, &amp;quot;You must give me something, M. le Marquis.&amp;quot; The Marquis turned round and answered dryly, &amp;quot;I have poor people of my own, Monseigneur.&amp;quot; &amp;quot;Give them to me,&amp;quot; replied the Bishop.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One day he preached the following sermon in the cathedral:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;My very dear brethren, my good friends, there are thirteen hundred and twenty thousand peasants' dwellings in France which have but three openings; eighteen hundred and seventeen thousand hovels which have but two openings, the door and one window; and three hundred and forty-six thousand cabins besides which have but one opening, the door. And this arises from a thing which is called the tax on doors and windows. Just put poor families, old women and little children, in those buildings, and behold the fevers and maladies which result! Alas! God gives air to men; the law sells it to them. I do not blame the law, but I bless God. In the department of the Isere, in the Var, in the two departments of the Alpes, the Hautes, and the Basses, the peasants have not even wheelbarrows; they transport their manure on the backs of men; they have no candles, and they burn resinous sticks, and bits of rope dipped in pitch. That is the state of affairs throughout the whole of the hilly country of Dauphine. They make bread for six months at one time; they bake it with dried cow-dung. In the winter they break this bread up with an axe, and they soak it for twenty-four hours, in order to render it eatable. My brethren, have pity! behold the suffering on all sides of you!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Born a Provencal, he easily familiarized himself with the dialect of the south. He said, &amp;quot;En be! moussu, ses sage?&amp;quot; as in lower Languedoc; &amp;quot;Onte anaras passa?&amp;quot; as in the Basses-Alpes; &amp;quot;Puerte un bouen moutu embe un bouen fromage grase,&amp;quot; as in upper Dauphine. This pleased the people extremely, and contributed not a little to win him access to all spirits. He was perfectly at home in the thatched cottage and in the mountains. He understood how to say the grandest things in the most vulgar of idioms. As he spoke all tongues, he entered into all hearts.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Moreover, he was the same towards people of the world and towards the lower classes. He condemned nothing in haste and without taking circumstances into account. He said, &amp;quot;Examine the road over which the fault has passed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Being, as he described himself with a smile, an ex-sinner, he had none of the asperities of austerity, and he professed, with a good deal of distinctness, and without the frown of the ferociously virtuous, a doctrine which may be summed up as follows:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Man has upon him his flesh, which is at once his burden and his temptation. He drags it with him and yields to it. He must watch it, cheek it, repress it, and obey it only at the last extremity. There may be some fault even in this obedience; but the fault thus committed is venial; it is a fall, but a fall on the knees which may terminate in prayer.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;To be a saint is the exception; to be an upright man is the rule. Err, fall, sin if you will, but be upright.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The least possible sin is the law of man. No sin at all is the dream of the angel. All which is terrestrial is subject to sin. Sin is a gravitation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
When he saw everyone exclaiming very loudly, and growing angry very quickly, &amp;quot;Oh! oh!&amp;quot; he said, with a smile; &amp;quot;to all appearance, this is a great crime which all the world commits. These are hypocrisies which have taken fright, and are in haste to make protest and to put themselves under shelter.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He was indulgent towards women and poor people, on whom the burden of human society rest. He said, &amp;quot;The faults of women, of children, of the feeble, the indigent, and the ignorant, are the fault of the husbands, the fathers, the masters, the strong, the rich, and the wise.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He said, moreover, &amp;quot;Teach those who are ignorant as many things as possible; society is culpable, in that it does not afford instruction gratis; it is responsible for the night which it produces. This soul is full of shadow; sin is therein committed. The guilty one is not the person who has committed the sin, but the person who has created the shadow.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It will be perceived that he had a peculiar manner of his own of judging things: I suspect that he obtained it from the Gospel.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
One day he heard a criminal case, which was in preparation and on the point of trial, discussed in a drawing-room. A wretched man, being at the end of his resources, had coined counterfeit money, out of love for a woman, and for the child which he had had by her. Counterfeiting was still punishable with death at that epoch. The woman had been arrested in the act of passing the first false piece made by the man. She was held, but there were no proofs except against her. She alone could accuse her lover, and destroy him by her confession. She denied; they insisted. She persisted in her denial. Thereupon an idea occurred to the attorney for the crown. He invented an infidelity on the part of the lover, and succeeded, by means of fragments of letters cunningly presented, in persuading the unfortunate woman that she had a rival, and that the man was deceiving her. Thereupon, exasperated by jealousy, she denounced her lover, confessed all, proved all.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
The man was ruined. He was shortly to be tried at Aix with his accomplice. They were relating the matter, and each one was expressing enthusiasm over the cleverness of the magistrate. By bringing jealousy into play, he had caused the truth to burst forth in wrath, he had educed the justice of revenge. The Bishop listened to all this in silence. When they had finished, he inquired,&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where are this man and woman to be tried?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;At the Court of Assizes.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He went on, &amp;quot;And where will the advocate of the crown be tried?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
A tragic event occurred at D&amp;amp;mdash;&amp;amp;mdash; A man was condemned to death for murder. He was a wretched fellow, not exactly educated, not exactly ignorant, who had been a mountebank at fairs, and a writer for the public. The town took a great interest in the trial. On the eve of the day fixed for the execution of the condemned man, the chaplain of the prison fell ill. A priest was needed to attend the criminal in his last moments. They sent for the cure. It seems that he refused to come, saying, &amp;quot;That is no affair of mine. I have nothing to do with that unpleasant task, and with that mountebank: I, too, am ill; and besides, it is not my place.&amp;quot; This reply was reported to the Bishop, who said, &amp;quot;Monsieur le Curé is right: it is not his place; it is mine.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He went instantly to the prison, descended to the cell of the &amp;quot;mountebank,&amp;quot; called him by name, took him by the hand, and spoke to him. He passed the entire day with him, forgetful of food and sleep, praying to God for the soul of the condemned man, and praying the condemned man for his own. He told him the best truths, which are also the most simple. He was father, brother, friend; he was bishop only to bless. He taught him everything, encouraged and consoled him. The man was on the point of dying in despair. Death was an abyss to him. As he stood trembling on its mournful brink, he recoiled with horror. He was not sufficiently ignorant to be absolutely indifferent. His condemnation, which had been a profound shock, had, in a manner, broken through, here and there, that wall which separates us from the mystery of things, and which we call life. He gazed incessantly beyond this world through these fatal breaches, and beheld only darkness. The Bishop made him see light.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
On the following day, when they came to fetch the unhappy wretch, the Bishop was still there. He followed him, and exhibited himself to the eyes of the crowd in his purple camail and with his episcopal cross upon his neck, side by side with the criminal bound with cords.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
He mounted the tumbril with him, he mounted the scaffold with him. The sufferer, who had been so gloomy and cast down on the preceding day, was radiant. He felt that his soul was reconciled, and he hoped in God. The Bishop embraced him, and at the moment when the knife was about to fall, he said to him: &amp;quot;God raises from the dead him whom man slays; he whom his brothers have rejected finds his Father once more. Pray, believe, enter into life: the Father is there.&amp;quot; When he descended from the scaffold, there was something in his look which made the people draw aside to let him pass. They did not know which was most worthy of admiration, his pallor or his serenity. On his return to the humble dwelling, which he designated, with a smile, as his palace, he said to his sister, &amp;quot;I have just officiated pontifically.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Since the most sublime things are often those which are the least understood, there were people in the town who said, when commenting on this conduct of the Bishop, &amp;quot;It is affectation.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
This, however, was a remark which was confined to the drawing-rooms. The populace, which perceives no jest in holy deeds, was touched, and admired him.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
As for the Bishop, it was a shock to him to have beheld the guillotine, and it was a long time before he recovered from it.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In fact, when the scaffold is there, all erected and prepared, it has something about it which produces hallucination. One may feel a certain indifference to the death penalty, one may refrain from pronouncing upon it, from saying yes or no, so long as one has not seen a guillotine with one's own eyes: but if one encounters one of them, the shock is violent; one is forced to decide, and to take part for or against. Some admire it, like de Maistre; others execrate it, like Beccaria. The guillotine is the concretion of the law; it is called vindicte; it is not neutral, and it does not permit you to remain neutral. He who sees it shivers with the most mysterious of shivers. All social problems erect their interrogation point around this chopping-knife. The scaffold is a vision. The scaffold is not a piece of carpentry; the scaffold is not a machine; the scaffold is not an inert bit of mechanism constructed of wood, iron and cords.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
It seems as though it were a being, possessed of I know not what sombre initiative; one would say that this piece of carpenter's work saw, that this machine heard, that this mechanism understood, that this wood, this iron, and these cords were possessed of will. In the frightful meditation into which its presence casts the soul the scaffold appears in terrible guise, and as though taking part in what is going on. The scaffold is the accomplice of the executioner; it devours, it eats flesh, it drinks blood; the scaffold is a sort of monster fabricated by the judge and the carpenter, a spectre which seems to live with a horrible vitality composed of all the death which it has inflicted.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Therefore, the impression was terrible and profound; on the day following the execution, and on many succeeding days, the Bishop appeared to be crushed. The almost violent serenity of the funereal moment had disappeared; the phantom of social justice tormented him. He, who generally returned from all his deeds with a radiant satisfaction, seemed to be reproaching himself. At times he talked to himself, and stammered lugubrious monologues in a low voice. This is one which his sister overheard one evening and preserved: &amp;quot;I did not think that it was so monstrous. It is wrong to become absorbed in the divine law to such a degree as not to perceive human law. Death belongs to God alone. By what right do men touch that unknown thing?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
In course of time these impressions weakened and probably vanished. Nevertheless, it was observed that the Bishop thenceforth avoided passing the place of execution.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel could be summoned at any hour to the bedside of the sick and dying. He did not ignore the fact that therein lay his greatest duty and his greatest labor. Widowed and orphaned families had no need to summon him; he came of his own accord. He understood how to sit down and hold his peace for long hours beside the man who had lost the wife of his love, of the mother who had lost her child. As he knew the moment for silence he knew also the moment for speech. Oh, admirable consoler! He sought not to efface sorrow by forgetfulness, but to magnify and dignify it by hope. He said:&amp;amp;mdash;&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Have a care of the manner in which you turn towards the dead. Think not of that which perishes. Gaze steadily. You will perceive the living light of your well-beloved dead in the depths of heaven.&amp;quot; He knew that faith is wholesome. He sought to counsel and calm the despairing man, by pointing out to him the resigned man, and to transform the grief which gazes upon a grave by showing him the grief which fixes its gaze upon a star.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Eh b&amp;amp;eacute;! moussu, s&amp;amp;egrave;s sag&amp;amp;eacute;?===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Now then, monsieur, are you being sensible?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donoughermiseres&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo left French translations for these phrases in his draft, ''Les Mis&amp;amp;egrave;res'', which were reprinted in the Biblioth&amp;amp;egrave;que de la Pl&amp;amp;eacute;iade edition of ''Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables'', ed. Maurice Allem, published by Gallimard. The English versions are from Christine Donougher's translation.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Ont&amp;amp;eacute; anaras passa?===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Where have you been?&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donoughermiseres&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Puerte un bouen moutu embe un bouen froumage grase===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I've come with a good sheep and a good creamy cheese.&amp;quot;&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donoughermiseres&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===de Maistre===&lt;br /&gt;
Joseph de Maistre (1753–1821), an arch-conservative Catholic monarchist who saw the Revolution as divine punishment for the degeneration of society, was the author of a number of works, including Les Soirées de Saint-Pétersbourg (St Petersburg Evenings, 1821), in which he celebrated the executioner as protector of the social order and bulwark against chaos. &amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. The Wretched: A new translation of Les Misérables. Trans. Christine Donougher. London: Penguin Classics, 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Beccaria===&lt;br /&gt;
Cesare Beccaria (1738–94) wrote an influential treatise on the reform of criminal justice entitled Of Crimes and Punishment (1764), in which he advocated the abolition of capital punishment. Hugo himself championed the abolition of the death penalty in his writings, particularly in his 1829 novel Le Dernier jour d’un condamné (Last Day of a Condemned Man) and his short story ‘Claude Gueux’ (1834), and also took part in public campaigns seeking clemency for those condemned – the American John Brown, for instance, in 1859.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_2&amp;diff=120</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 2</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_2&amp;diff=120"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:44:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 2: M. Myriel Becomes M. Welcome&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un Juste, Chapitre 2: Monsieur Myriel devient monseigneur Bienvenu)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le palais &amp;amp;eacute;piscopal de Digne &amp;amp;eacute;tait attenant &amp;amp;agrave; l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le palais &amp;amp;eacute;piscopal &amp;amp;eacute;tait un vaste et bel h&amp;amp;ocirc;tel b&amp;amp;acirc;ti en pierre au&lt;br /&gt;
commencement du si&amp;amp;egrave;cle dernier par monseigneur Henri Puget, docteur en&lt;br /&gt;
th&amp;amp;eacute;ologie de la facult&amp;amp;eacute; de Paris, abb&amp;amp;eacute; de Simore, lequel &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que de&lt;br /&gt;
Digne en 1712. Ce palais &amp;amp;eacute;tait un vrai logis seigneurial. Tout y avait&lt;br /&gt;
grand air, les appartements de l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, les salons, les chambres, la&lt;br /&gt;
cour d'honneur, fort large, avec promenoirs &amp;amp;agrave; arcades, selon l'ancienne&lt;br /&gt;
mode florentine, les jardins plant&amp;amp;eacute;s de magnifiques arbres. Dans la&lt;br /&gt;
salle &amp;amp;agrave; manger, longue et superbe galerie qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait au rez-de-chauss&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
et s'ouvrait sur les jardins, monseigneur Henri Puget avait donn&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
manger en c&amp;amp;eacute;r&amp;amp;eacute;monie le 29 juillet 1714 &amp;amp;agrave; messeigneurs Charles Br&amp;amp;ucirc;lart de&lt;br /&gt;
Genlis, archev&amp;amp;ecirc;que-prince d'Embrun, Antoine de Mesgrigny, capucin,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que de Grasse, Philippe de Vend&amp;amp;ocirc;me, grand prieur de France, abb&amp;amp;eacute; de&lt;br /&gt;
Saint-Honor&amp;amp;eacute; de L&amp;amp;eacute;rins, Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ois de Berton de Grillon, &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que-baron de&lt;br /&gt;
Vence, C&amp;amp;eacute;sar de Sabran de Forcalquier, &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que-seigneur de Gland&amp;amp;egrave;ve, et&lt;br /&gt;
Jean Soanen, pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre de l'oratoire, pr&amp;amp;eacute;dicateur ordinaire du roi,&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que-seigneur de Senez. Les portraits de ces sept r&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;rends&lt;br /&gt;
personnages d&amp;amp;eacute;coraient cette salle, et cette date m&amp;amp;eacute;morable, 29 juillet&lt;br /&gt;
1714, y &amp;amp;eacute;tait grav&amp;amp;eacute;e en lettres d'or sur une table de marbre blanc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital &amp;amp;eacute;tait une maison &amp;amp;eacute;troite et basse &amp;amp;agrave; un seul &amp;amp;eacute;tage avec un&lt;br /&gt;
petit jardin. Trois jours apr&amp;amp;egrave;s son arriv&amp;amp;eacute;e, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que visita l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital.&lt;br /&gt;
La visite termin&amp;amp;eacute;e, il fit prier le directeur de vouloir bien venir&lt;br /&gt;
jusque chez lui.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur le directeur de l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital, lui dit-il, combien en ce moment&lt;br /&gt;
avez-vous de malades?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Vingt-six, monseigneur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est ce que j'avais compt&amp;amp;eacute;, dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Les lits, reprit le directeur, sont bien serr&amp;amp;eacute;s les uns contre les&lt;br /&gt;
autres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est ce que j'avais remarqu&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Les salles ne sont que des chambres, et l'air s'y renouvelle&lt;br /&gt;
difficilement.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est ce qui me semble.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Et puis, quand il y a un rayon de soleil, le jardin est bien petit&lt;br /&gt;
pour les convalescents.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est ce que je me disais.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Dans les &amp;amp;eacute;pid&amp;amp;eacute;mies, nous avons eu cette ann&amp;amp;eacute;e le typhus, nous avons eu&lt;br /&gt;
une suette militaire il y a deux ans, cent malades quelquefois; nous ne&lt;br /&gt;
savons que faire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;C'est la pens&amp;amp;eacute;e qui m'&amp;amp;eacute;tait venue.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Que voulez-vous, monseigneur? dit le directeur, il faut se r&amp;amp;eacute;signer.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cette conversation avait lieu dans la salle &amp;amp;agrave; manger-galerie du&lt;br /&gt;
rez-de-chauss&amp;amp;eacute;e. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que garda un moment le silence, puis il se tourna&lt;br /&gt;
brusquement vers le directeur de l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Monsieur, dit-il, combien pensez-vous qu'il tiendrait de lits rien que&lt;br /&gt;
dans cette salle?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;La salle &amp;amp;agrave; manger de monseigneur! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria le directeur stup&amp;amp;eacute;fait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que parcourait la salle du regard et semblait y faire avec les yeux&lt;br /&gt;
des mesures et des calculs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Il y tiendrait bien vingt lits! dit-il, comme se parlant &amp;amp;agrave; lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Puis &amp;amp;eacute;levant la voix:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tenez, monsieur le directeur de l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital, je vais vous dire. Il y a&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;videmment une erreur. Vous &amp;amp;ecirc;tes vingt-six personnes dans cinq ou six&lt;br /&gt;
petites chambres. Nous sommes trois ici, et nous avons place pour&lt;br /&gt;
soixante. Il y a erreur, je vous dis. Vous avez mon logis, et j'ai le&lt;br /&gt;
v&amp;amp;ocirc;tre. Rendez-moi ma maison. C'est ici chez vous.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le lendemain, les vingt-six pauvres &amp;amp;eacute;taient install&amp;amp;eacute;s dans le palais de&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que et l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave; l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel n'avait point de bien, sa famille ayant &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; ruin&amp;amp;eacute;e par la&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;volution. Sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur touchait une rente viag&amp;amp;egrave;re de cinq cents francs&lt;br /&gt;
qui, au presbyt&amp;amp;egrave;re, suffisait &amp;amp;agrave; sa d&amp;amp;eacute;pense personnelle. M. Myriel&lt;br /&gt;
recevait de l'&amp;amp;eacute;tat comme &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que un traitement de quinze mille francs. Le&lt;br /&gt;
jour m&amp;amp;ecirc;me o&amp;amp;ugrave; il vint se loger dans la maison de l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital, M. Myriel&lt;br /&gt;
d&amp;amp;eacute;termina l'emploi de cette somme une fois pour toutes de la mani&amp;amp;egrave;re&lt;br /&gt;
suivante. Nous transcrivons ici une note &amp;amp;eacute;crite de sa main.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Note pour r&amp;amp;eacute;gler les d&amp;amp;eacute;penses de ma maison.''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour le petit s&amp;amp;eacute;minaire: quinze cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Congr&amp;amp;eacute;gation de la mission: cent livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour les lazaristes de Montdidier: cent livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''S&amp;amp;eacute;minaire des missions &amp;amp;eacute;trang&amp;amp;egrave;res &amp;amp;agrave; Paris: deux cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Congr&amp;amp;eacute;gation du Saint-Esprit: cent cinquante livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''&amp;amp;Eacute;tablissements religieux de la Terre-Sainte: cent livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute;s de charit&amp;amp;eacute; maternelle: trois cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''En sus, pour celle d'Arles: cinquante livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''OEuvre pour l'am&amp;amp;eacute;lioration des prisons: quatre cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''OEuvre pour le soulagement et la d&amp;amp;eacute;livrance des prisonniers: cinq cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour lib&amp;amp;eacute;rer des p&amp;amp;egrave;res de famille prisonniers pour dettes: mille livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Suppl&amp;amp;eacute;ment au traitement des pauvres ma&amp;amp;icirc;tres d'&amp;amp;eacute;cole du dioc&amp;amp;egrave;se: deux mille livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Grenier d'abondance des Hautes-Alpes: cent livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Congr&amp;amp;eacute;gation des dames de Digne, de Manosque et de Sisteron, pour l'enseignement gratuit des filles indigentes: quinze cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour les pauvres: six mille livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Ma d&amp;amp;eacute;pense personnelle: mille livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Total: ''quinze mille livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Pendant tout le temps qu'il occupa le si&amp;amp;egrave;ge de Digne, M. Myriel ne&lt;br /&gt;
changea presque rien &amp;amp;agrave; cet arrangement. Il appelait cela, comme on voit,&lt;br /&gt;
''avoir r&amp;amp;eacute;gl&amp;amp;eacute; les d&amp;amp;eacute;penses de sa maison''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cet arrangement fut accept&amp;amp;eacute; avec une soumission absolue par mademoiselle&lt;br /&gt;
Baptistine. Pour cette sainte fille, M. de Digne &amp;amp;eacute;tait tout &amp;amp;agrave; la fois&lt;br /&gt;
son fr&amp;amp;egrave;re et son &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, son ami selon la nature et son sup&amp;amp;eacute;rieur selon&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;glise. Elle l'aimait et elle le v&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;rait tout simplement. Quand il&lt;br /&gt;
parlait, elle s'inclinait; quand il agissait, elle adh&amp;amp;eacute;rait. La servante&lt;br /&gt;
seule, madame Magloire, murmura un peu. M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, on l'a pu&lt;br /&gt;
remarquer, ne s'&amp;amp;eacute;tait r&amp;amp;eacute;serv&amp;amp;eacute; que mille livres, ce qui, joint &amp;amp;agrave; la&lt;br /&gt;
pension de mademoiselle Baptistine, faisait quinze cents francs par an.&lt;br /&gt;
Avec ces quinze cents francs, ces deux vieilles femmes et ce vieillard&lt;br /&gt;
vivaient.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Et quand un cur&amp;amp;eacute; de village venait &amp;amp;agrave; Digne, M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que trouvait encore&lt;br /&gt;
moyen de le traiter, gr&amp;amp;acirc;ce &amp;amp;agrave; la s&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;egrave;re &amp;amp;eacute;conomie de madame Magloire et &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
l'intelligente administration de mademoiselle Baptistine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un jour&amp;amp;mdash;il &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;agrave; Digne depuis environ trois mois&amp;amp;mdash;l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que dit:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Avec tout cela je suis bien g&amp;amp;ecirc;n&amp;amp;eacute;!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Je le crois bien! s'&amp;amp;eacute;cria madame Magloire, Monseigneur n'a seulement&lt;br /&gt;
pas r&amp;amp;eacute;clam&amp;amp;eacute; la rente que le d&amp;amp;eacute;partement lui doit pour ses frais de&lt;br /&gt;
carrosse en ville et de tourn&amp;amp;eacute;es dans le dioc&amp;amp;egrave;se. Pour les &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;ques&lt;br /&gt;
d'autrefois c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait l'usage.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Tiens! dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, vous avez raison, madame Magloire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il fit sa r&amp;amp;eacute;clamation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quelque temps apr&amp;amp;egrave;s, le conseil g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral, prenant cette demande en&lt;br /&gt;
consid&amp;amp;eacute;ration, lui vota une somme annuelle de trois mille francs, sous&lt;br /&gt;
cette rubrique: ''Allocation &amp;amp;agrave; M. l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que pour frais de carrosse, frais&lt;br /&gt;
de poste et frais de tourn&amp;amp;eacute;es pastorales''.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Cela fit beaucoup crier la bourgeoisie locale, et, &amp;amp;agrave; cette occasion, un&lt;br /&gt;
s&amp;amp;eacute;nateur de l'empire, ancien membre du conseil des cinq-cents favorable&lt;br /&gt;
au dix-huit brumaire et pourvu pr&amp;amp;egrave;s de la ville de Digne d'une&lt;br /&gt;
s&amp;amp;eacute;natorerie magnifique, &amp;amp;eacute;crivit au ministre des cultes, M. Bigot de&lt;br /&gt;
Pr&amp;amp;eacute;ameneu, un petit billet irrit&amp;amp;eacute; et confidentiel dont nous extrayons&lt;br /&gt;
ces lignes authentiques:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;laquo;&amp;amp;mdash;Des frais de carrosse? pourquoi faire dans une ville de moins de&lt;br /&gt;
quatre mille habitants? Des frais de poste et de tourn&amp;amp;eacute;es? &amp;amp;agrave; quoi bon&lt;br /&gt;
ces tourn&amp;amp;eacute;es d'abord? ensuite comment courir la poste dans un pays de&lt;br /&gt;
montagnes? Il n'y a pas de routes. On ne va qu'&amp;amp;agrave; cheval. Le pont m&amp;amp;ecirc;me de&lt;br /&gt;
la Durance &amp;amp;agrave; Ch&amp;amp;acirc;teau-Arnoux peut &amp;amp;agrave; peine porter des charrettes &amp;amp;agrave; b&amp;amp;oelig;ufs.&lt;br /&gt;
Ces pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tres sont tous ainsi. Avides et avares. Celui-ci a fait le bon&lt;br /&gt;
ap&amp;amp;ocirc;tre en arrivant. Maintenant il fait comme les autres. Il lui faut&lt;br /&gt;
carrosse et chaise de poste. Il lui faut du luxe comme aux anciens&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;ques. Oh! toute cette pr&amp;amp;ecirc;traille! Monsieur le comte, les choses&lt;br /&gt;
n'iront bien que lorsque l'empereur nous aura d&amp;amp;eacute;livr&amp;amp;eacute;s des calotins. &amp;amp;Agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
bas le pape! (les affaires se brouillaient avec Rome). Quant &amp;amp;agrave; moi, je&lt;br /&gt;
suis pour C&amp;amp;eacute;sar tout seul. Etc., etc.&amp;amp;raquo;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La chose, en revanche, r&amp;amp;eacute;jouit fort madame Magloire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Bon, dit-elle &amp;amp;agrave; mademoiselle Baptistine, Monseigneur a commenc&amp;amp;eacute; par&lt;br /&gt;
les autres, mais il a bien fallu qu'il fin&amp;amp;icirc;t par lui-m&amp;amp;ecirc;me. Il a r&amp;amp;eacute;gl&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
toutes ses charit&amp;amp;eacute;s. Voil&amp;amp;agrave; trois mille livres pour nous. Enfin!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le soir m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;eacute;crivit et remit &amp;amp;agrave; sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur une note ainsi&lt;br /&gt;
con&amp;amp;ccedil;ue:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Frais de carrosse et de tourn&amp;amp;eacute;es.''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour donner du bouillon de viande aux malades de l'h&amp;amp;ocirc;pital: quinze cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; de charit&amp;amp;eacute; maternelle d'Aix: deux cent cinquante livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour la soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; de charit&amp;amp;eacute; maternelle de Draguignan: deux cent cinquante livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour les enfants trouv&amp;amp;eacute;s: cinq cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; ''Pour les orphelins: cinq cents livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; &amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Total: ''trois mille livres''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tel &amp;amp;eacute;tait le budget de M. Myriel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Quant au casuel &amp;amp;eacute;piscopal, rachats de bans, dispenses, ondoiements,&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;dications, b&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;dictions d'&amp;amp;eacute;glises ou de chapelles, mariages, etc.,&lt;br /&gt;
l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que le percevait sur les riches avec d'autant plus d'&amp;amp;acirc;pret&amp;amp;eacute; qu'il&lt;br /&gt;
le donnait aux pauvres.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Au bout de peu de temps, les offrandes d'argent afflu&amp;amp;egrave;rent. Ceux qui ont&lt;br /&gt;
et ceux qui manquent frappaient &amp;amp;agrave; la porte de M. Myriel, les uns venant&lt;br /&gt;
chercher l'aum&amp;amp;ocirc;ne que les autres venaient y d&amp;amp;eacute;poser. L'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, en moins&lt;br /&gt;
d'un an, devint le tr&amp;amp;eacute;sorier de tous les bienfaits et le caissier de&lt;br /&gt;
toutes les d&amp;amp;eacute;tresses. Des sommes consid&amp;amp;eacute;rables passaient par ses mains;&lt;br /&gt;
mais rien ne put faire qu'il change&amp;amp;acirc;t quelque chose &amp;amp;agrave; son genre de vie&lt;br /&gt;
et qu'il ajout&amp;amp;acirc;t le moindre superflu &amp;amp;agrave; son n&amp;amp;eacute;cessaire.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Loin de l&amp;amp;agrave;. Comme il y a toujours encore plus de mis&amp;amp;egrave;re en bas que de&lt;br /&gt;
fraternit&amp;amp;eacute; en haut, tout &amp;amp;eacute;tait donn&amp;amp;eacute;, pour ainsi dire, avant d'&amp;amp;ecirc;tre&lt;br /&gt;
re&amp;amp;ccedil;u; c'&amp;amp;eacute;tait comme de l'eau sur une terre s&amp;amp;egrave;che; il avait beau recevoir&lt;br /&gt;
de l'argent, il n'en avait jamais. Alors il se d&amp;amp;eacute;pouillait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L'usage &amp;amp;eacute;tant que les &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;ques &amp;amp;eacute;noncent leurs noms de bapt&amp;amp;ecirc;me en t&amp;amp;ecirc;te de&lt;br /&gt;
leurs mandements et de leurs lettres pastorales, les pauvres gens du&lt;br /&gt;
pays avaient choisi, avec une sorte d'instinct affectueux, dans les noms&lt;br /&gt;
et pr&amp;amp;eacute;noms de l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que, celui qui leur pr&amp;amp;eacute;sentait un sens, et ils ne&lt;br /&gt;
l'appelaient que monseigneur Bienvenu. Nous ferons comme eux, et nous le&lt;br /&gt;
nommerons ainsi dans l'occasion. Du reste, cette appellation lui&lt;br /&gt;
plaisait.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;J'aime ce nom-l&amp;amp;agrave;, disait-il. Bienvenu corrige monseigneur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nous ne pr&amp;amp;eacute;tendons pas que le portrait que nous faisons ici soit&lt;br /&gt;
vraisemblable; nous nous bornons &amp;amp;agrave; dire qu'il est ressemblant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The episcopal palace of Digne adjoins the hospital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The episcopal palace was a huge and beautiful house, built of stone at the beginning of the last century by M. Henri Puget, Doctor of Theology of the Faculty of Paris, Abbe of Simore, who had been Bishop of Digne in 1712.  This palace was a genuine seignorial residence.  Everything about it had a grand air,--the apartments of the Bishop, the drawing-rooms, the chambers, the principal courtyard, which was very large, with walks encircling it under arcades in the old Florentine fashion, and gardens planted with magnificent trees.  In the dining-room, a long and superb gallery which was situated on the ground-floor and opened on the gardens, M. Henri Puget had entertained in state, on July 29, 1714, My Lords Charles Brulart de Genlis, archbishop; Prince d'Embrun; Antoine de Mesgrigny, the capuchin, Bishop of Grasse; Philippe de Vendome, Grand Prior of France, Abbe of Saint Honore de Lerins; Francois de Berton de Crillon, bishop, Baron de Vence; Cesar de Sabran de Forcalquier, bishop, Seignor of Glandeve; and Jean Soanen, Priest of the Oratory, preacher in ordinary to the king, bishop, Seignor of Senez.  The portraits of these seven reverend personages decorated this apartment; and this memorable date, the 29th of July, 1714, was there engraved in letters of gold on a table of white marble.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The hospital was a low and narrow building of a single story, with a small garden.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Three days after his arrival, the Bishop visited the hospital.  The visit ended, he had the director requested to be so good as to come to his house.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur the director of the hospital,&amp;quot; said he to him, &amp;quot;how many sick people have you at the present moment?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Twenty-six, Monseigneur.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That was the number which I counted,&amp;quot; said the Bishop.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The beds,&amp;quot; pursued the director, &amp;quot;are very much crowded against each other.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is what I observed.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;The halls are nothing but rooms, and it is with difficulty that the air can be changed in them.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;So it seems to me.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And then, when there is a ray of sun, the garden is very small for the convalescents.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That was what I said to myself.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;In case of epidemics,--we have had the typhus fever this year; we had the sweating sickness two years ago, and a hundred patients at times,--we know not what to do.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;That is the thought which occurred to me.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;What would you have, Monseigneur?&amp;quot; said the director.  &amp;quot;One must resign one's self.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This conversation took place in the gallery dining-room on the ground-floor.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop remained silent for a moment; then he turned abruptly to the director of the hospital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monsieur,&amp;quot; said he, &amp;quot;how many beds do you think this hall alone would hold?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Monseigneur's dining-room?&amp;quot; exclaimed the stupefied director.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Bishop cast a glance round the apartment, and seemed to be taking measures and calculations with his eyes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;It would hold full twenty beds,&amp;quot; said he, as though speaking to himself.  Then, raising his voice:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold, Monsieur the director of the hospital, I will tell you something.  There is evidently a mistake here.  There are thirty-six of you, in five or six small rooms.  There are three of us here, and we have room for sixty.  There is some mistake, I tell you; you have my house, and I have yours.  Give me back my house; you are at home here.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On the following day the thirty-six patients were installed in the Bishop's palace, and the Bishop was settled in the hospital.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel had no property, his family having been ruined by the Revolution.  His sister was in receipt of a yearly income of five hundred francs, which sufficed for her personal wants at the vicarage.  M. Myriel received from the State, in his quality of bishop, a salary of fifteen thousand francs.  On the very day when he took up his abode in the hospital, M. Myriel settled on the disposition of this sum once for all, in the following manner.  We transcribe here a note made by his own hand:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
NOTE ON THE REGULATION OF MY HOUSEHOLD EXPENSES.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  For the little seminary . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1,500 livres&lt;br /&gt;
  Society of the  mission . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      100   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  For the Lazarists of Montdidier . . . . . . . . . .      100   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Seminary for foreign missions in Paris  . . . . . .      200   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Congregation of the Holy Spirit . . . . . . . . . .      150   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Religious establishments of the Holy Land . . . . .      100   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Charitable maternity societies  . . . . . . . . . .      300   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Extra, for that of Arles  . . . . . . . . . . . . .       50   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Work for the amelioration of prisons  . . . . . . .      400   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Work for the relief and delivery of prisoners . . .      500   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  To liberate fathers of families incarcerated for debt  1,000   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Addition to the salary of the poor teachers of the&lt;br /&gt;
       diocese  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    2,000   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Public granary of the Hautes-Alpes  . . . . . . . .      100   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  Congregation of the ladies of Digne, of Manosque, and of&lt;br /&gt;
       Sisteron, for the gratuitous instruction of poor&lt;br /&gt;
       girls  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1,500   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  For the poor  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    6,000   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  My personal expenses  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    1,000   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
                                                        ------&lt;br /&gt;
       Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   15,000   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel made no change in this arrangement during the entire period that he occupied the see of Digne. As has been seen, he called it regulating his household expenses.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This arrangement was accepted with absolute submission by Mademoiselle Baptistine.  This holy woman regarded Monseigneur of Digne as at one and the same time her brother and her bishop, her friend according to the flesh and her superior according to the Church.  She simply loved and venerated him.  When he spoke, she bowed; when he acted, she yielded her adherence.  Their only servant, Madame Magloire, grumbled a little.  It will be observed that Monsieur the Bishop had reserved for himself only one thousand livres, which, added to the pension of Mademoiselle Baptistine, made fifteen hundred francs a year.  On these fifteen hundred francs these two old women and the old man subsisted.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And when a village curate came to Digne, the Bishop still found means to entertain him, thanks to the severe economy of Madame Magloire, and to the intelligent administration of Mademoiselle Baptistine.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
One day, after he had been in Digne about three months, the Bishop said:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;And still I am quite cramped with it all!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I should think so!&amp;quot; exclaimed Madame Magloire.  &amp;quot;Monseigneur has not even claimed the allowance which the department owes him for the expense of his carriage in town, and for his journeys about the diocese.  It was customary for bishops in former days.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Hold!&amp;quot; cried the Bishop, &amp;quot;you are quite right, Madame Magloire.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
And he made his demand.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some time afterwards the General Council took this demand under consideration, and voted him an annual sum of three thousand francs, under this heading:  Allowance to M. the Bishop for expenses of carriage, expenses of posting, and expenses of pastoral visits.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This provoked a great outcry among the local burgesses; and a senator of the Empire, a former member of the Council of the Five Hundred which favored the 18 Brumaire, and who was provided with a magnificent senatorial office in the vicinity of the town of Digne, wrote to M. Bigot de Preameneu, the minister of public worship, a very angry and confidential note on the subject, from which we extract these authentic lines:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Expenses of carriage?  What can be done with it in a town of less than four thousand inhabitants?  Expenses of journeys?  What is the use of these trips, in the first place?  Next, how can the posting be accomplished in these mountainous parts?  There are no roads.  No one travels otherwise than on horseback.  Even the bridge between Durance and Chateau-Arnoux can barely support ox-teams. These priests are all thus, greedy and avaricious.  This man played the good priest when he first came.  Now he does like the rest; he must have a carriage and a posting-chaise, he must have luxuries, like the bishops of the olden days.  Oh, all this priesthood!  Things will not go well, M. le Comte, until the Emperor has freed us from these black-capped rascals.  Down with the Pope!  [Matters were getting embroiled with Rome.] For my part, I am for Caesar alone.&amp;quot;  Etc., etc.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On the other hand, this affair afforded great delight to Madame Magloire.  &amp;quot;Good,&amp;quot; said she to Mademoiselle Baptistine; &amp;quot;Monseigneur began with other people, but he has had to wind up with himself, after all.  He has regulated all his charities.  Now here are three thousand francs for us!  At last!&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That same evening the Bishop wrote out and handed to his sister a memorandum conceived in the following terms:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
EXPENSES OF CARRIAGE AND CIRCUIT.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
  For furnishing meat soup to the patients in the hospital. 1,500 livres&lt;br /&gt;
  For the maternity charitable society of Aix . . . . . . .   250   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  For the maternity charitable society of Draguignan  . . .   250   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  For foundlings  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   500   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
  For orphans   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .   500   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
                                                            -----&lt;br /&gt;
       Total  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,000   &amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Such was M. Myriel's budget.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
As for the chance episcopal perquisites, the fees for marriage bans, dispensations, private baptisms, sermons, benedictions, of churches or chapels, marriages, etc., the Bishop levied them on the wealthy with all the more asperity, since he bestowed them on the needy.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
After a time, offerings of money flowed in.  Those who had and those who lacked knocked at M. Myriel's door,--the latter in search of the alms which the former came to deposit.  In less than a year the Bishop had become the treasurer of all benevolence and the cashier of all those in distress.  Considerable sums of money passed through his hands, but nothing could induce him to make any change whatever in his mode of life, or add anything superfluous to his bare necessities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Far from it.  As there is always more wretchedness below than there is brotherhood above, all was given away, so to speak, before it was received.  It was like water on dry soil; no matter how much money he received, he never had any.  Then he stripped himself.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The usage being that bishops shall announce their baptismal names at the head of their charges and their pastoral letters, the poor people of the country-side had selected, with a sort of affectionate instinct, among the names and prenomens of their bishop, that which had a meaning for them; and they never called him anything except Monseigneur Bienvenu [Welcome]. We will follow their example, and will also call him thus when we have occasion to name him.  Moreover, this appellation pleased him.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;I like that name,&amp;quot; said he.  &amp;quot;Bienvenu makes up for the Monseigneur.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
We do not claim that the portrait herewith presented is probable; we confine ourselves to stating that it resembles the original.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the allowance which the department owes him===&lt;br /&gt;
The division of post-Revolutionary France into newly created administrative areas called ''d&amp;amp;eacute;partements'' came into effect in 1790.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. The Wretched: A new translation of Les Misérables. Trans. Christine Donougher. London: Penguin Classics, 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Council of Five Hundred... 18th Brumaire... Bigot de Pr&amp;amp;eacute;ameneau===&lt;br /&gt;
On 9 November 1799, 18th Brumaire in the French Republican calendar, Napoleon took part in a coup against the Directory, the French Revolutionary government from November 1795 to November 1799, that led to the introduction of a new constitution under which he became first consul, invested with the powers he needed eventually to become emperor. A rump session of the Council of Five Hundred, the lower house of the bicameral legislature, the Legislative Corps, that formed part of Directory, signed the transfer of political power. F&amp;amp;eacute;lix-Julien-Jean Bigot de Pr&amp;amp;eacute;ameneu (1747–1825), a moderate during the Revolution (and saved from the guillotine by the fall of Robespierre), was a supporter of the Brumaire conspiracy, a member of the committee that prepared Napoleon’s Civil Code, and minister of public worship 1808–14. This ministry was created in 1804 to implement the 1801 Concordat with Rome, and had jurisdiction over all religious affairs in France.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references /&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_1&amp;diff=119</id>
		<title>Volume 1/Book 1/Chapter 1</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_1/Book_1/Chapter_1&amp;diff=119"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:38:17Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: /* Translation notes */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Misérables, Volume 1: Fantine, Book First: A Just Man, Chapter 1: M. Myriel&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 1: Fantine, Livre premier: Un Juste, Chapitre 1: Monsieur Myriel)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this chapter==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==French text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
En 1815, M. Charles-Fran&amp;amp;ccedil;ois-Bienvenu Myriel &amp;amp;eacute;tait &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que de Digne.&lt;br /&gt;
C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait un vieillard d'environ soixante-quinze ans; il occupait le si&amp;amp;egrave;ge&lt;br /&gt;
de Digne depuis 1806.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quoique ce d&amp;amp;eacute;tail ne touche en aucune mani&amp;amp;egrave;re au fond m&amp;amp;ecirc;me de ce que&lt;br /&gt;
nous avons &amp;amp;agrave; raconter, il n'est peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pas inutile, ne f&amp;amp;ucirc;t-ce que&lt;br /&gt;
pour &amp;amp;ecirc;tre exact en tout, d'indiquer ici les bruits et les propos qui&lt;br /&gt;
avaient couru sur son compte au moment o&amp;amp;ugrave; il &amp;amp;eacute;tait arriv&amp;amp;eacute; dans le&lt;br /&gt;
dioc&amp;amp;egrave;se. Vrai ou faux, ce qu'on dit des hommes tient souvent autant de&lt;br /&gt;
place dans leur vie et surtout dans leur destin&amp;amp;eacute;e que ce qu'ils font. M.&lt;br /&gt;
Myriel &amp;amp;eacute;tait fils d'un conseiller au parlement d'Aix; noblesse de robe.&lt;br /&gt;
On contait de lui que son p&amp;amp;egrave;re, le r&amp;amp;eacute;servant pour h&amp;amp;eacute;riter de sa charge,&lt;br /&gt;
l'avait mari&amp;amp;eacute; de fort bonne heure, &amp;amp;agrave; dix-huit ou vingt ans, suivant un&lt;br /&gt;
usage assez r&amp;amp;eacute;pandu dans les familles parlementaires. Charles Myriel,&lt;br /&gt;
nonobstant ce mariage, avait, disait-on, beaucoup fait parler de lui. Il&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;tait bien fait de sa personne, quoique d'assez petite taille, &amp;amp;eacute;l&amp;amp;eacute;gant,&lt;br /&gt;
gracieux, spirituel; toute la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re partie de sa vie avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; donn&amp;amp;eacute;e&lt;br /&gt;
au monde et aux galanteries. La r&amp;amp;eacute;volution survint, les &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;eacute;nements se&lt;br /&gt;
pr&amp;amp;eacute;cipit&amp;amp;egrave;rent, les familles parlementaires d&amp;amp;eacute;cim&amp;amp;eacute;es, chass&amp;amp;eacute;es, traqu&amp;amp;eacute;es,&lt;br /&gt;
se dispers&amp;amp;egrave;rent. M. Charles Myriel, d&amp;amp;egrave;s les premiers jours de la&lt;br /&gt;
r&amp;amp;eacute;volution, &amp;amp;eacute;migra en Italie. Sa femme y mourut d'une maladie de&lt;br /&gt;
poitrine dont elle &amp;amp;eacute;tait atteinte depuis longtemps. Ils n'avaient point&lt;br /&gt;
d'enfants. Que se passa-t-il ensuite dans la destin&amp;amp;eacute;e de M. Myriel?&lt;br /&gt;
L'&amp;amp;eacute;croulement de l'ancienne soci&amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; fran&amp;amp;ccedil;aise, la chute de sa propre&lt;br /&gt;
famille, les tragiques spectacles de 93, plus effrayants encore&lt;br /&gt;
peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre pour les &amp;amp;eacute;migr&amp;amp;eacute;s qui les voyaient de loin avec le&lt;br /&gt;
grossissement de l'&amp;amp;eacute;pouvante, firent-ils germer en lui des id&amp;amp;eacute;es de&lt;br /&gt;
renoncement et de solitude? Fut-il, au milieu d'une de ces distractions&lt;br /&gt;
et de ces affections qui occupaient sa vie, subitement atteint d'un de&lt;br /&gt;
ces coups myst&amp;amp;eacute;rieux et terribles qui viennent quelquefois renverser, en&lt;br /&gt;
le frappant au c&amp;amp;oelig;ur, l'homme que les catastrophes publiques&lt;br /&gt;
n'&amp;amp;eacute;branleraient pas en le frappant dans son existence et dans sa&lt;br /&gt;
fortune? Nul n'aurait pu le dire; tout ce qu'on savait, c'est que,&lt;br /&gt;
lorsqu'il revint d'Italie, il &amp;amp;eacute;tait pr&amp;amp;ecirc;tre.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
En 1804, M. Myriel &amp;amp;eacute;tait cur&amp;amp;eacute; de Brignolles. Il &amp;amp;eacute;tait d&amp;amp;eacute;j&amp;amp;agrave; vieux, et&lt;br /&gt;
vivait dans une retraite profonde.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Vers l'&amp;amp;eacute;poque du couronnement, une petite affaire de sa cure, on ne sait&lt;br /&gt;
plus trop quoi, l'amena &amp;amp;agrave; Paris. Entre autres personnes puissantes, il&lt;br /&gt;
alla solliciter pour ses paroissiens M. le cardinal Fesch. Un jour que&lt;br /&gt;
l'empereur &amp;amp;eacute;tait venu faire visite &amp;amp;agrave; son oncle, le digne cur&amp;amp;eacute;, qui&lt;br /&gt;
attendait dans l'antichambre, se trouva sur le passage de sa majest&amp;amp;eacute;.&lt;br /&gt;
Napol&amp;amp;eacute;on, se voyant regard&amp;amp;eacute; avec une certaine curiosit&amp;amp;eacute; par ce&lt;br /&gt;
vieillard, se retourna, et dit brusquement:&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Quel est ce bonhomme qui me regarde?&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;mdash;Sire, dit M. Myriel, vous regardez un bonhomme, et moi je regarde un&lt;br /&gt;
grand homme. Chacun de nous peut profiter.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'empereur, le soir m&amp;amp;ecirc;me, demanda au cardinal le nom de ce cur&amp;amp;eacute;, et&lt;br /&gt;
quelque temps apr&amp;amp;egrave;s M. Myriel fut tout surpris d'apprendre qu'il &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
nomm&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que de Digne.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Qu'y avait-il de vrai, du reste, dans les r&amp;amp;eacute;cits qu'on faisait sur la&lt;br /&gt;
premi&amp;amp;egrave;re partie de la vie de M. Myriel? Personne ne le savait. Peu de&lt;br /&gt;
familles avaient connu la famille Myriel avant la r&amp;amp;eacute;volution.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel devait subir le sort de tout nouveau venu dans une petite&lt;br /&gt;
ville o&amp;amp;ugrave; il y a beaucoup de bouches qui parlent et fort peu de t&amp;amp;ecirc;tes qui&lt;br /&gt;
pensent. Il devait le subir, quoiqu'il f&amp;amp;ucirc;t &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que et parce qu'il &amp;amp;eacute;tait&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que. Mais, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s tout, les propos auxquels on m&amp;amp;ecirc;lait son nom&lt;br /&gt;
n'&amp;amp;eacute;taient peut-&amp;amp;ecirc;tre que des propos; du bruit, des mots, des paroles;&lt;br /&gt;
moins que des paroles, des ''palabres'', comme dit l'&amp;amp;eacute;nergique langue du&lt;br /&gt;
midi.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Quoi qu'il en f&amp;amp;ucirc;t, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s neuf ans d'&amp;amp;eacute;piscopat et de r&amp;amp;eacute;sidence &amp;amp;agrave; Digne,&lt;br /&gt;
tous ces racontages, sujets de conversation qui occupent dans le premier&lt;br /&gt;
moment les petites villes et les petites gens, &amp;amp;eacute;taient tomb&amp;amp;eacute;s dans un&lt;br /&gt;
oubli profond. Personne n'e&amp;amp;ucirc;t os&amp;amp;eacute; en parler, personne n'e&amp;amp;ucirc;t m&amp;amp;ecirc;me os&amp;amp;eacute;&lt;br /&gt;
s'en souvenir.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel &amp;amp;eacute;tait arriv&amp;amp;eacute; &amp;amp;agrave; Digne accompagn&amp;amp;eacute; d'une vieille fille,&lt;br /&gt;
mademoiselle Baptistine, qui &amp;amp;eacute;tait sa s&amp;amp;oelig;ur et qui avait dix ans de&lt;br /&gt;
moins que lui.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Ils avaient pour tout domestique une servante du m&amp;amp;ecirc;me &amp;amp;acirc;ge que&lt;br /&gt;
mademoiselle Baptistine, et appel&amp;amp;eacute;e madame Magloire, laquelle, apr&amp;amp;egrave;s&lt;br /&gt;
avoir &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; ''la servante de M. le Cur&amp;amp;eacute;'', prenait maintenant le double&lt;br /&gt;
titre de femme de chambre de mademoiselle et femme de charge de&lt;br /&gt;
monseigneur.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Mademoiselle Baptistine &amp;amp;eacute;tait une personne longue, p&amp;amp;acirc;le, mince, douce;&lt;br /&gt;
elle r&amp;amp;eacute;alisait l'id&amp;amp;eacute;al de ce qu'exprime le mot &amp;amp;laquo;respectable&amp;amp;raquo;; car il&lt;br /&gt;
semble qu'il soit n&amp;amp;eacute;cessaire qu'une femme soit m&amp;amp;egrave;re pour &amp;amp;ecirc;tre v&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;rable.&lt;br /&gt;
Elle n'avait jamais &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; jolie; toute sa vie, qui n'avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; qu'une&lt;br /&gt;
suite de saintes &amp;amp;oelig;uvres, avait fini par mettre sur elle une sorte de&lt;br /&gt;
blancheur et de clart&amp;amp;eacute;; et, en vieillissant, elle avait gagn&amp;amp;eacute; ce qu'on&lt;br /&gt;
pourrait appeler la beaut&amp;amp;eacute; de la bont&amp;amp;eacute;. Ce qui avait &amp;amp;eacute;t&amp;amp;eacute; de la maigreur&lt;br /&gt;
dans sa jeunesse &amp;amp;eacute;tait devenu, dans sa maturit&amp;amp;eacute;, de la transparence; et&lt;br /&gt;
cette diaphan&amp;amp;eacute;it&amp;amp;eacute; laissait voir l'ange. C'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une &amp;amp;acirc;me plus encore que&lt;br /&gt;
ce n'&amp;amp;eacute;tait une vierge. Sa personne semblait faite d'ombre; &amp;amp;agrave; peine assez&lt;br /&gt;
de corps pour qu'il y e&amp;amp;ucirc;t l&amp;amp;agrave; un sexe; un peu de mati&amp;amp;egrave;re contenant une&lt;br /&gt;
lueur; de grands yeux toujours baiss&amp;amp;eacute;s; un pr&amp;amp;eacute;texte pour qu'une &amp;amp;acirc;me&lt;br /&gt;
reste sur la terre.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire &amp;amp;eacute;tait une petite vieille, blanche, grasse, repl&amp;amp;egrave;te,&lt;br /&gt;
affair&amp;amp;eacute;e, toujours haletante, &amp;amp;agrave; cause de son activit&amp;amp;eacute; d'abord, ensuite &amp;amp;agrave;&lt;br /&gt;
cause d'un asthme.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&amp;amp;Agrave; son arriv&amp;amp;eacute;e, on installa M. Myriel en son palais &amp;amp;eacute;piscopal avec les&lt;br /&gt;
honneurs voulus par les d&amp;amp;eacute;crets imp&amp;amp;eacute;riaux qui classent l'&amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que&lt;br /&gt;
imm&amp;amp;eacute;diatement apr&amp;amp;egrave;s le mar&amp;amp;eacute;chal de camp. Le maire et le pr&amp;amp;eacute;sident lui&lt;br /&gt;
firent la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re visite, et lui de son c&amp;amp;ocirc;t&amp;amp;eacute; fit la premi&amp;amp;egrave;re visite au&lt;br /&gt;
g&amp;amp;eacute;n&amp;amp;eacute;ral et au pr&amp;amp;eacute;fet.&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
L'installation termin&amp;amp;eacute;e, la ville attendit son &amp;amp;eacute;v&amp;amp;ecirc;que &amp;amp;agrave; l'&amp;amp;oelig;uvre.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
 &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==English text==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1815, M. Charles-Francois-Bienvenu Myriel was Bishop of Digne.  He was an old man of about seventy-five years of age; he had occupied the see of Digne since 1806.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although this detail has no connection whatever with the real substance of what we are about to relate, it will not be superfluous, if merely for the sake of exactness in all points, to mention here the various rumors and remarks which had been in circulation about him from the very moment when he arrived in the diocese. True or false, that which is said of men often occupies as important a place in their lives, and above all in their destinies, as that which they do.  M. Myriel was the son of a councilor of the Parliament of Aix; hence he belonged to the nobility of the bar.  It was said that his father, destining him to be the heir of his own post, had married him at a very early age, eighteen or twenty, in accordance with a custom which is rather widely prevalent in parliamentary families.  In spite of this marriage, however, it was said that Charles Myriel created a great deal of talk.  He was well formed, though rather short in stature, elegant, graceful, intelligent; the whole of the first portion of his life had been devoted to the world and to gallantry.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Revolution came; events succeeded each other with precipitation; the parliamentary families, decimated, pursued, hunted down, were dispersed.  M. Charles Myriel emigrated to Italy at the very beginning of the Revolution.  There his wife died of a malady of the chest, from which she had long suffered.  He had no children.  What took place next in the fate of M. Myriel?  The ruin of the French society of the olden days, the fall of his own family, the tragic spectacles of '93, which were, perhaps, even more alarming to the emigrants who viewed them from a distance, with the magnifying powers of terror,--did these cause the ideas of renunciation and solitude to germinate in him?  Was he, in the midst of these distractions, these affections which absorbed his life, suddenly smitten with one of those mysterious and terrible blows which sometimes overwhelm, by striking to his heart, a man whom public catastrophes would not shake, by striking at his existence and his fortune?  No one could have told:  all that was known was, that when he returned from Italy he was a priest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In 1804, M. Myriel was the Cure of Brignolles. He was already advanced in years, and lived in a very retired manner.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
About the epoch of the coronation, some petty affair connected with his curacy--just what, is not precisely known--took him to Paris.  Among other powerful persons to whom he went to solicit aid for his parishioners was M. le Cardinal Fesch.  One day, when the Emperor had come to visit his uncle, the worthy Cure, who was waiting in the anteroom, found himself present when His Majesty passed.  Napoleon, on finding himself observed with a certain curiosity by this old man, turned round and said abruptly:--&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Who is this good man who is staring at me?&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;quot;Sire,&amp;quot; said M. Myriel, &amp;quot;you are looking at a good man, and I at a great man.  Each of us can profit by it.&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
That very evening, the Emperor asked the Cardinal the name of the Cure, and some time afterwards M. Myriel was utterly astonished to learn that he had been appointed Bishop of Digne.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
What truth was there, after all, in the stories which were invented as to the early portion of M. Myriel's life?  No one knew.  Very few families had been acquainted with the Myriel family before the Revolution.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel had to undergo the fate of every newcomer in a little town, where there are many mouths which talk, and very few heads which think.  He was obliged to undergo it although he was a bishop, and because he was a bishop.  But after all, the rumors with which his name was connected were rumors only,--noise, sayings, words; less than words--palabres, as the energetic language of the South expresses it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
However that may be, after nine years of episcopal power and of residence in Digne, all the stories and subjects of conversation which engross petty towns and petty people at the outset had fallen into profound oblivion.  No one would have dared to mention them; no one would have dared to recall them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
M. Myriel had arrived at Digne accompanied by an elderly spinster, Mademoiselle Baptistine, who was his sister, and ten years his junior.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Their only domestic was a female servant of the same age as Mademoiselle Baptistine, and named Madame Magloire, who, after having been the servant of M. le Cure, now assumed the double title of maid to Mademoiselle and housekeeper to Monseigneur.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mademoiselle Baptistine was a long, pale, thin, gentle creature; she realized the ideal expressed by the word &amp;quot;respectable&amp;quot;; for it seems that a woman must needs be a mother in order to be venerable.  She had never been pretty; her whole life, which had been nothing but a succession of holy deeds, had finally conferred upon her a sort of pallor and transparency; and as she advanced in years she had acquired what may be called the beauty of goodness.  What had been leanness in her youth had become transparency in her maturity; and this diaphaneity allowed the angel to be seen.  She was a soul rather than a virgin.  Her person seemed made of a shadow; there was hardly sufficient body to provide for sex; a little matter enclosing a light; large eyes forever drooping;--a mere pretext for a soul's remaining on the earth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Madame Magloire was a little, fat, white old woman, corpulent and bustling; always out of breath,--in the first place, because of her activity, and in the next, because of her asthma.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
On his arrival, M. Myriel was installed in the episcopal palace with the honors required by the Imperial decrees, which class a bishop immediately after a major-general. The mayor and the president paid the first call on him, and he, in turn, paid the first call on the general and the prefect.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The installation over, the town waited to see its bishop at work.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Translation notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===maid to Mademoiselle and housekeeper to Monseigneur===&lt;br /&gt;
As a simple parish priest Monsieur Myriel would have been addressed as ''monsieur le cur&amp;amp;eacute;''; as bishop he is now ''Monseigneur''.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot; /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Textual notes==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the parliament of Aix===&lt;br /&gt;
The Provence parliament, dating from 1501 and based in Aix-en-Provence, was the chief judiciary authority and highest court in Provence. Bastions of privilege associated with the ancien r&amp;amp;eacute;gime, all the provincial parliaments and the Paris parliament were abolished in the early days of the Revolution.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Hugo, Victor. ''The Wretched: A new translation of Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables.'' Trans. Christine Donougher. London: Penguin Classics, 2013.&amp;lt;/ref&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===judicial aristocracy===&lt;br /&gt;
Before the French Revolution the French aristocracy who owed their rank to their military service were known as the noblesse d'&amp;amp;eacute;p&amp;amp;eacute;e, 'the nobility of the sword', while those who were ennobled because of their judicial or administrative position were the noblesse de robe, 'nobility of the robe', or 'gown'.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the tragic spectacles of '93===&lt;br /&gt;
Louis XVI was executed on 21 January, Marie-Antoinette on 16 October. The Terror implemented by the Revolutionary government's Committee of Public Safety began in September and continued until the fall of Robespierre in July 1794.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===the coronation===&lt;br /&gt;
Napoleon's coronation as emperor took place on 2 December 1804 at the church of Notre-Dame in Paris, in a ceremony at which Pope Pius VII officiated.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Cardinal Fesch===&lt;br /&gt;
Joseph Fesch (1763–1839), an uncle of Napoleon, was named archbishop of Lyon in 1802 and created cardinal in 1803; Napoleon appointed him ambassador to Rome that same year.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===palabres===&lt;br /&gt;
Now commonly used in modern French to mean 'interminable discussions', etymologically and historically the word derives from the Spanish palabra ('word'), which entered French usage as a result of contacts with Africans who had previously traded with the Spanish. The word came to be associated with notoriously lengthy ritual gift-presentation ceremonies. Hence its southern connotations.&amp;lt;ref name=&amp;quot;donougher&amp;quot;/&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Citations==&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;references/&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_9&amp;diff=118</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 9</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_9&amp;diff=118"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:34:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Ninth: Supreme Shadow, Supreme Dawn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Supr&amp;amp;ecirc;me ombre, supr&amp;amp;ecirc;me ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Ninth: Supreme Shadow, Supreme Dawn&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre neuvi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Supr&amp;amp;ecirc;me ombre, supr&amp;amp;ecirc;me aurore)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: Pity for the Unhappy, but Indulgence for the Happy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Last Flickerings of a Lamp Without Oil]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: A Pen Is Heavy to the Man Who Lifted the Fauchelevent's Cart]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: A Bottle of Ink Which Only Succeeded in Whitening]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: A Night Behind Which There Is Day]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: The Grass Covers and the Rain Effaces]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_8&amp;diff=117</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 8</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_8&amp;diff=117"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:33:39Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Eighth: Fading Away of the Twilight&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me: La d&amp;amp;eacute;croissance cr&amp;amp;eacute;pu...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Eighth: Fading Away of the Twilight&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre huiti&amp;amp;egrave;me: La d&amp;amp;eacute;croissance cr&amp;amp;eacute;pusculaire)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: The Lower Chamber]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Another Step Backwards]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: They Recall the Garden of the Rue Plumet]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: Attraction and Extinction]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_7&amp;diff=116</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 7</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_7&amp;diff=116"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:32:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Seventh: The Last Draught from the Cup&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre septi&amp;amp;egrave;me: La derni&amp;amp;egrave;re gorg&amp;amp;eacute;e...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Seventh: The Last Draught from the Cup&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre septi&amp;amp;egrave;me: La derni&amp;amp;egrave;re gorg&amp;amp;eacute;e du calice)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: The Seventh Circle and the Eighth Heaven]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: The Obscurities Which a Revelation Can Contain]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_6&amp;diff=115</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 6</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_6&amp;diff=115"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:31:49Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Sixth: The Sleepless Night&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre sixi&amp;amp;egrave;me: La nuit blanche)  ==General notes on this boo...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Sixth: The Sleepless Night&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre sixi&amp;amp;egrave;me: La nuit blanche)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: The 16th of February, 1833]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Jean Valjean Still Wears His Arm in a Sling]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: The Inseparable]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: The Immortal Liver]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_5&amp;diff=114</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 5</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_5&amp;diff=114"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:31:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: Created page with &amp;quot;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Fifth: Grandson and Grandfather&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt; (Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre cinqi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Le petit-fils et le grand-p&amp;amp;egrave;re) ...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Fifth: Grandson and Grandfather&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre cinqi&amp;amp;egrave;me: Le petit-fils et le grand-p&amp;amp;egrave;re)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: In Which the Tree with the Zinc Plaster Appears Again]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 2|Chapter 2: Marius, Emerging from Civil War, Makes Ready for Domestic War]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 3|Chapter 3: Marius Attacked]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 4|Chapter 4: Mademoiselle Gillenormand Ends by No Longer Thinking It a Bad Thing That M. Fauchelevent Should Have Entered With Something Under His Arm]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 5|Chapter 5: Deposit Your Money in a Forest Rather than with a Notary]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 6|Chapter 6: The Two Old Men Do Everything, Each One After His Own Fashion, to Render Cosette Happy]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 7|Chapter 7: The Effects of Dreams Mingled with Happiness]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 8|Chapter 8: Two Men Impossible to Find]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_4&amp;diff=113</id>
		<title>Volume 5/Book 4</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://chanvrerie.net/annotations/index.php?title=Volume_5/Book_4&amp;diff=113"/>
		<updated>2014-03-02T12:30:09Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Marianne: /* Chapters */&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Les Mis&amp;amp;eacute;rables, Volume 5: Jean Valjean, Book Fourth: Javert Derailed&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
(Tome 5: Jean Valjean, Livre quatri&amp;amp;egrave;me: Javert d&amp;amp;eacute;raill&amp;amp;eacute;)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==General notes on this book==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Chapters==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[/Chapter 1|Chapter 1: Javert Derailed]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Marianne</name></author>
		
	</entry>
</feed>